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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Medical policy Medical economics

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Academic literature on the topic 'Medical policy Medical economics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Medical policy Medical economics"

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Redelmeier, Donald A., Daniel N. Heller, and Milton C. Weinstein. "Time Preference in Medical Economics." Medical Decision Making 14, no. 3 (August 1994): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x9401400313.

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Coyte, Peter C., and Rashi Fein. "Medical Care, Medical Costs: The Search for a Health Insurance Policy." Southern Economic Journal 54, no. 4 (April 1988): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1059547.

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Simoens, Steven. "Health economics of medical devices: opportunities and challenges." Journal of Medical Economics 11, no. 4 (January 2008): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3111/13696990802596721.

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Arrow, Kenneth J. "Uncertainty and The Welfare Economics of Medical Care." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 26, no. 5 (October 2001): 851–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-26-5-851.

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Etzioni, Amitai. "Making Policy for Complex Systems: A Medical Model for Economics." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 4, no. 3 (1985): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3324192.

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Kornhauser, Lewis A., and P. M. Danzon. "Danzon's Medical Malpractice: Theory, Evidence, and Public Policy." RAND Journal of Economics 17, no. 2 (1986): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555391.

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Ruhm, Christopher J. "Policy Watch: The Family and Medical Leave Act." Journal of Economic Perspectives 11, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.11.3.175.

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This article summarizes the provisions of the Family and Medical Leave Act, its possible effects on labor markets, and the resulting changes in the ability of workers to take leave. The author concludes that the actual provisions of the act are quite modest and have yielded neither large benefits to workers nor imposed significant costs on employers. One reason for this is that few workers gained significant new rights to time off work because the legislation contains many exemptions and employees often had other mechanisms for obtaining leave prior to its enactment.

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Matevosyan, Naira R. "Techno-borne Organs: Medical, Legal, and Policy Concerns." Journal of the Knowledge Economy 9, no. 2 (January 4, 2016): 544–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13132-015-0346-4.

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Sclar, David Alexander. "Pharmaceutical economics & health policy." Clinical Therapeutics 20, no. 2 (March 1998): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-2918(98)80095-7.

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Johnston, Ian. "Book Reviews: Medical Ethics and Economics in Health Care." Health Services Management Research 1, no. 3 (November 1988): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148488800100312.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical policy Medical economics"

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Amporfu, Eugenia. "Three essays in health economics /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2004. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2297.

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Stiffler, Peter B. 1976. "Health economics: Policy outcomes, individual choice, and adolescent behavior." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10533.

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xiii, 123 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
To complement a varied and growing literature in health economics, this dissertation is conducted in three substantive parts. First, I investigate the effect of public policy on health use and health outcomes, exploiting variation in the generosity of Medicaid eligibility to low income pregnant women across states and over time to identify an effect on common, yet costly, pregnancy complications. I provide new evidence on this important question from a nationally representative sample of hospital discharges for 12 states between 1989 and 2001. Second, I explore heterogeneity in individual demand for health risk reductions. Utilizing individual stated-preference data from matching surveys conducted in both Canada and the United States, I employ the Value of a Statistical Illness Profile framework to investigate differences in average willingness-to-pay (WTP) for health risk reductions across the two different cultures. Although existing literature has allowed for systematic variation in age to explain differences in health care demand, the differences in WTP have not been explained through systematic variation across other socio-demographic characteristics, subjective risks of the diseases in question, or differences between the Canadian and U.S. health care systems. I extend the literature by controlling for an expanded set of observable individual heterogeneity and comment on the degree to which estimates can be applied across cultures to inform varying policy decisions. The third paper studies factors affecting adolescent health risk behavior. Previous study finds that community size and the degree to which social networks are interconnected affect three economically significant outcomes: the frequency of adolescent misbehavior in school, degree of perceived safety in school, and grade performance. Other research has suggested peer effects on smoking behavior and drinking behavior. I investigate the degree to which social connectedness impacts adolescent health, specifically looking at outcomes for drinking and smoking, and the degree to which these effects can be disentangled from more commonly studied "peer effects" in health behavior.
Committee in charge: Trudy Cameron, Co-Chairperson, Economics; Glen Waddell, Co-Chairperson, Economics; Anne van den Nouweland, Member, Economics; Jessica Greene, Member, Planning Public Policy & Mgmt; David Levin, Outside Member, Mathematics

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Stern, Ariel Dora. "Essays in the Economics of Health Care and the Regulation of Medical Technology." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11678.

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The first chapter of this dissertation explores how the regulatory approval process affects innovation incentives in medical technologies. While prior studies of medical innovation under regulation have found an early mover regulatory advantage for drugs, I find the opposite to be true for medical devices. Using detailed data on over three decades of high-risk medical device approval times in the United States, I show pioneer entrants spend approximately 34 percent (7.2 months) longer in the approval process than the first follow-on innovator. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that the opportunity cost of capital of a delay of this length is upwards of 7 percent of the total cost of bringing a new device to market. I consider how different types of regulatory uncertainty affect approval times and find that a product's technological novelty is largely unrelated to time spent under review. In contrast, uncertainty about application content and format appears to play a large role: when objective guidelines for evaluation are published, approval times quicken for subsequent entrants. Finally, I consider how the regulatory process affects firms’ market entry strategies and find that financially constrained firms are less likely to enter new device markets as pioneers.

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Van, den Heever Alexander Marius. "The distribution and redistribution of health resources in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18291.

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This thesis is intended as a broad examination of the distribution of health resources in South Africa. Issues both macro and micro in nature have been covered to provide a perspective that would be Jacking in a narrower study. Although the title refers to a redistribution of resources, the intention of this thesis is to stress the importance of providing appropriate health measures rather than merely apportioning existing facilities evenly. This realization is insufficient, however, if it is not accompanied by the introduction and utilization of analytical approaches for identifying resource selection priorities. The influences on health status are many. In defining appropriate measures to improve health status it is important to be aware of the limitations of medical-care. Chapter three involves a cross-sectional regression analysis of various countries in order to examine the influences certain variables have on health status. This study suggests the need for an integrated approach to improving the health of a population. Merely focusing on medical care will only have a limited affect. However, this does not mean that medical-care is not important. It must just be provided in an appropriate manner. The rest of the thesis evaluates health-care resource distribution in South Africa. The existing distribution of health-care resources in South Africa is ill-suited to the existing health status of the population. There is a bias toward urban based curative facilities. Furthermore, the location of facilities has been based on racial criteria, whereby some areas have sufficient resources for their needs while others do not. Two methods of identifying how these issues should be dealt with are produced in this thesis. The first deals with a method for adjusting the broad distribution of funds toward those areas where need is greatest. The suggestion put forward by this thesis is that a formula be developed that would be able both to define need on a geographical basis, and to allocate resources based on that need. The formula would be used to allocate government health expenditure. This section is based on a formula that was developed in the United Kingdom. The second deals with a method for defining appropriate medical interventions on the micro level. It is called cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). CEA is used for micro-economic decision-making where a choice has to be made between at least two alternatives for attaining a particular objective. Furthermore, CEA evaluates projects or programmes that are on-going in nature. It should be noted that CEA can also evaluate non-medical interventions to solve a particular health problem. In order to indicate the type of information that a CEA can provide, an investigation into cervical cancer procedures used on black females was produced. The entire black female population of South Africa was examined. A computer simulation of incidence and mortality rates of the disease was used to evaluate various scenarios. The results indicate that significant gains can be made by introducing cervical cancer screening on a large scale in South Africa. A major priority of this thesis was to stress the importance of using economic criteria to assist in making decisions concerning health-care resource allocations. Very little work of this nature is produced in South Africa. Hopefully this will not always be the case.

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Nordyke, Robert. "Privatization of health care provision in a transition economy : lessons from the Republic of Macedonia /." Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2000. http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs%5Fdissertations/RGSD155/.

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Bosworth, Ryan Cole. "Demand for public health policies /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1192186841&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1176749188&clientId=11238.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-130). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Yamada, Go. "Input-output analysis on the economic impact of medical care in Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215218.

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Briggs, Adam. "Estimating and comparing the cost-effectiveness of primary prevention policies affecting diet and physical activity in England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:31a057d1-c15c-4edb-ba26-c51217049ba0.

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Health and public health services in England are under increasing financial pressure. At the same time, nearly 40% of the total disease burden is potentially amenable to known causes with two of the leading behavioural risk factors being unhealthy diets and physical inactivity. To better inform decision makers and improve health in England, this thesis aims to develop a cost-effectiveness model that can directly compare diet and physical activity interventions. Published public health economic models were reviewed and the strengths and weaknesses of the modelling structures were explored. A pre-existing multistate life table model, PRIMEtime, was developed into PRIMEtime Cost Effectiveness (PRIMEtime CE). Disease specific NHS England costs were derived from NHS England Programme Budgeting Data and unrelated disease costs from NHS cost curves. Social care costs were quantified using a Department of Health tool for estimating wider societal costs. Disease specific utility decrements were adopted from a catalogue of EuroQoL five dimensions questionnaire scores. The cost effectiveness of reformulating food to have less salt and of expanding access to leisure centres in England were modelled from an NHS and social care perspective over a 10 year time horizon, including government and industry costs. Salt reformulation was dominant with an estimated cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) of -Â£17,000 (95% uncertainty interval, -Â£40,000 to Â£39,000), compared with Â£727,000 (Â£514,000 to Â£1,064,000) for increasing access to leisure centres. Sensitivity analyses and cross validation testing of outcomes demonstrated how cost per QALY estimates were sensitive to the choice of model scope, parameters, and structure. PRIMEtime CE is a tool for decision makers to compare interventions affecting diet and physical activity, enabling them to make better informed choices about how to spend finite resources. Future work will focus on making the model freely available and expanding its risk factors to enable comparisons of other public health interventions.

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Walker, Lauryn. "Patient-Centered Medical Homes and Hospital Value-Based Purchasing: Investigating Provider Responses to Incentives." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5796.

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Provider incentives are a commonly used policy tool to mold provider behaviors.1 However, while we frequently measure the change in patient outcomes, failure to consistently produce changes in outcomes does not mean that providers are not changing their behavior. This paper focuses on two programs with null or inconsistent quality outcomes to try to identify why such inconsistency occurs. The two programs, both ratified in the Affordable Care Act, are 1) patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs), and 2) the Medicare Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP) program. Chapter 1: Using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel survey (MEPS), I match provider characteristic surveys to member experience with care in order to evaluate characteristics key to patient-centered medical homes. I find that patient-perceived patient-centeredness of a practice is not related to the number of PCMH attributes a practice reports. However, some characteristics do play specific and significant roles in patient perception and outcomes. For instance, case management is not only associated with increased patient perception of after-hours access to care, but overall costs were reduced. Interestingly, having after hours clinic hours was more common with practices highly consistent with PCMH criteria, but these hours did not result in decreased emergency department use or cost of care. Chapter 2: The second provider incentive studied is the Medicare Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program (HVBP). This program assigns payment adjustments based on performance on a series of rotating quality metrics. To date, changes in patient outcomes cannot be attributed to the program; however, it should not be concluded that hospitals are not responding at all. I identify changes in staffing by provider type as an early indicator of hospital response to payment incentives. Data come from the Virginia Health Information (VHI) Hospital Cost Report, 2010-2017. Using a generalized linear model, I find that when receiving a penalty, hospitals reduce staffing among the most and least expensive personnel (physicians and nursing aides). Hospitals increase nursing and administrative staff following a bonus. These findings are consistent with hospitals responding to incentives both by aiming to improve efficient use of resources and maintain or improve quality of care. Chapter 3: Finally, I assess potential unintended consequences of the HVBP program, specifically the provision of charity care. Using the VHI cost reports for year 2013 to 2017 with a regression discontinuity model, I find that hospitals receiving a bonus decrease their charity care among the lowest income patients (under 100% federal poverty level (FPL)). Hospitals receiving a penalty tend to reduce charity care among higher income patients (100%-200% FPL). These findings are consistent with two separate responses to the incentives. Hospitals receiving bonuses appear to be cream-skimming healthier, wealthier individuals while hospitals receiving penalties appear to be shifting the focus of their charity care to the most needy, likely in an effort to reduce cost of care levels overall while maintaining their community benefit programs, potentially as a result of goal gradient cognitive bias.

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Choi, Chung Ho. "Patient journey shortening using a multi-agent approach." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1228.

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Books on the topic "Medical policy Medical economics"

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Health economics & policy. 4th ed. Mason, OH: South-Western, 2009.

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Health economics and policy. 5th ed. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning, 2012.

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Health economics and policy. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Pub., 1999.

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Health economics and policy. 2nd ed. Australia: South-Western/Thomson Learning, 2002.

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Cutler, David M. Are medical prices declining? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Cutler, David M. Public policy for health care. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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The Oxford handbook of health economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Medical care, medical costs: The search for a health insurance policy. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1986.

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Medical care, medical costs: The search for a health insurance policy. San Jose: toExcel, 1999.

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S, Chandrasekhar. Towards 2000 A.D. Indian health, economy, and policy. Allahabad, India: Chugh Publications, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Medical policy Medical economics"

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Charles E, Phelps, and Parente Stephen T. "Getting rid of overstated medical bills." In The Economics of US Health Care Policy, 203–6. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315228518-17.

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Groot, L. M. J. "Diffusion of Medical Technology: A Case Study of Policy in Europe and the Netherlands." In The Economics of Medical Technology, 33–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72785-6_6.

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Schmerler, Klaus. "Drivers of Medical Travel at the National Level." In Developments in Health Economics and Public Policy, 119–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03988-2_4.

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Schmerler, Klaus. "Drivers of Medical Travel at the Hospital Level." In Developments in Health Economics and Public Policy, 173–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03988-2_5.

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Schmerler, Klaus. "Drivers of Medical Tourism at the Individual Level." In Developments in Health Economics and Public Policy, 193–239. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03988-2_6.

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Newhouse, Joseph P. "Pricing and imperfections in the medical care marketplace." In Developments in Health Economics and Public Policy, 3–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2392-1_1.

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Etzioni, Amitai. "Making Policy for Complex Systems: A Medical Model for Economics." In Studies in Economic Ethics and Philosophy, 137–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03900-7_7.

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Charles E, Phelps, and Parente Stephen T. "Understanding Medicare and Medicaid." In The Economics of US Health Care Policy, 101–10. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315228518-9.

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Charles E, Phelps, and Parente Stephen T. "Rationalizing Medicare and Medicaid." In The Economics of US Health Care Policy, 111–17. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315228518-10.

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Torgerson, David J. "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and Health Policy." In The Economic, Medical/Scientific and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Nutrition Practice: What Impacts What?, 95–104. Basel: KARGER, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000235671.

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Conference papers on the topic "Medical policy Medical economics"

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Sheng-Ji, Li, Chen Man-Xue, and Lu Kang-Yin. "Policy Effort Analysis on China s New Rural Cooperative Medical System." In 2014 International Conference on Economic Management and Trade Cooperation (EMTC 2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emtc-14.2014.87.

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Chernenko, Eleanor, Inna Lebedeva, Nadezhda Klimovskikh, and Elena Gorlova. "Improvement of the Efficiency of the Recruitment Policy of the Medical Care as a Factor in the Reduction of the Staff Shortage of the Industry." In “New Silk Road: Business Cooperation and Prospective of Economic Development” (NSRBCPED 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200324.112.

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Ivan, Lucian. "Management of Covid-19 Crisis at the Level of Defence Industry." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/21.

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According to estimates and analyses by the international community of economic analysts, the medical crisis generated by the Covid-19 pandemic will induce a major economic and financial crisis worldwide which, in conjunction with the current geopolitical situation, characterized by a high degree of uncertainty (e.g. strategic economic confrontation between the US and China, the position of force adopted by the Russian Federation), will affect production and supply chains, amplify the phenomenon of the adoption of trade policies of a protectionist nature, and, indirectly, will significantly affect national defense budgets. In this fluid geopolitical context, characterized by insecurity and systemic instability, a strategic rethink and recalibration of defence policies can be predicted in a new context, defined by the multipolar competition and the asymmetry of geopolitical geometry, the conflict between civilizational models (competition between democracy vs. autocratic/totalitarian political regimes), to the detriment of regional and international collective security arrangements. Changing government priorities generated by the pandemic crisis generated by Covid-19 may lead to a reduction in budgets for military endowment programs. Most governments allocate about 2% of GDP annually to the defence sector. Given the pandemic generated by Covid-19, there is a risk that some states will significantly reduce the budget allocated to the defence industry in order to increase the budgets for health systems, given the need to expand hospitals, as well as the purchase of medical equipment and services. In Romania, the topic of tools and opportunities that may be able to ensure the improvement of the effects and overcoming the economic crisis is currently being discussed through active economic measures, including in the field of the defence industry. In Romania, however, the path from debate to public policy and strategy assumed and applied is traditionally long and hard, requiring more pragmatism in addressing strategic economic issues.

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Malikova, A. Kh. "Medieval Thinkers On Government Fiscal Policy." In Global Challenges and Prospects of The Modern Economic Development. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.02.120.

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Mutaeva, I. Sh, I. G. Gerasimova, A. S. Seliverstov, and A. H. Gizatullina. "THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SPORTS TRAINING IN CYCLIC SPORTS." In Х Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/fks-2020/37.

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The article presents the results of the theoretical analysis of the main aspects of sports training in cyclic sports. To effectively solve the problem of training in cyclical sports, it is necessary to study the laws of the reaction of the body of athletes, including the processes of fatigue and recovery in response to the physical exertion of various directions. It is very important to individualize the training process, taking into account the functional state and reserve adaptive capabilities of the body. The authors identify such reasons that influence the development of cyclical sports as socio-economic and political transformations that are constantly taking place in Russia; demographic changes caused by the decline in the population of Russia due to the collapse of the Soviet Union; structural and organizational reasons that suggest the existence of an outdated system for training highly qualified athletes, the lack of modern centers and bases for Olympic training, an effective management system for Olympic training in General, and a targeted policy for training coaches and sports and medical personnel. The technological reasons that arose as a result of a sharp reduction in targeted research in all branches of sports science and an archaic mechanism for the development and implementation of effective innovative technologies are revealed. There is a significant lag in the medical and biological provision of training for Olympic athletes, etc. The analysis showed that the lag in the structural, organizational, and technological blocks of Olympic training is caused by a decrease in the effectiveness of scientific research.

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Ushakov, E. V. "Medical technology management in the medical management system organization." In Scientific dialogue: Economics and Management. L-Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sciencepublic-08-08-2020-02.

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Erdoğan, Mahmut, Ainura Turdalieva, and Raziya Abdiyeva. "Spatial Analysis of Subjective Well-Being Levels and Corruption across Regions in Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02088.

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Nowadays corruption becomes a universal phenomenon, which reduces the productivity of public administration, and causes harm to countries’ economic and social development. Consequently, it influences economic performance of Kyrgyzstan. The aim of this study is to visualize the spatial distribution of subjective well-being levels of individuals and personal perceptions and attitude towards corruption in 2016 by using the data provided by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development on district (rayon) level in Kyrgyzstan. The findings of this paper show that there is positive spatial autocorrelation for unofficial payments or gifts to road police, public education, and receive medical treatments. Similarly, local government representatives, tax officials, police and judges have higher Moran’s I scores. In addition, obtained results from analysis will help to understand issues related to corruption in Kyrgyzstan.

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Liu, Chengcheng. "Strategies on healthy urban planning and construction for challenges of rapid urbanization in China." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/subf4944.

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In the past 40 years, China has experienced the largest and fastest urbanization development in the world. The infrastructure, urban environment and medical services of cities have been improved significantly. The health impacts are manifested in the decrease of the incidence of infectious diseases and the significant increase of the life span of residents. However, the development of urbanization in China has also created many problems, including the increasing pollution of urban environment such as air, water and soil, the disorderly spread of urban construction land, the fragmentation of natural ecological environment, dense population, traffic congestion and so on. With the process of urbanization and motorization, the lifestyle of urban population has changed, and the disease spectrum and the sequence of death causes have changed. Chronic noncommunicable diseases have replaced acute infectious diseases and become the primary threat to urban public health. According to the data published by the famous medical journal The LANCET on China's health care, the economic losses caused by five major non-communicable diseases (ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) will reach US$23 trillion between 2012 and 2030, more than twice the total GDP of China in 2015 (US$11.7 trillion). Therefore, China proposes to implement the strategy of "Healthy China" and develop the policy of "integrating health into ten thousand strategies". Integrate health into the whole process of urban and rural planning, construction and governance to form a healthy, equitable and accessible production and living environment. China is building healthy cities through the above four strategies. The main strategies from national system design to local planning are as follows. First of all, the top-level design of the country. There are two main points: one point, the formulation of the Healthy China 2030 Plan determines the first batch of 38 pilot healthy cities and practices the strategy of healthy city planning; the other point, formulate and implement the national health city policy and issue the National Healthy City. The evaluation index system evaluates the development of local work from five aspects: environment, society, service, crowd and culture, finds out the weak links in the work in time, and constantly improves the quality of healthy city construction. Secondly, the reform of territorial spatial planning. In order to adapt to the rapid development of urbanization, China urban plan promote the reform of spatial planning system, change the layout of spatial planning into the fine management of space, and promote the sustainable development of cities. To delimit the boundary line of urban development and the red line of urban ecological protection and limit the disorderly spread of urban development as the requirements of space control. The bottom line of urban environmental quality and resource utilization are studied as capacity control and environmental access requirements. The grid management of urban built environment and natural environment is carried out, and the hierarchical and classified management unit is determined. Thirdly, the practice of special planning for local health and medical distribution facilities. In order to embody the equity of health services, including health equity, equity of health services utilization and equity of health resources distribution. For the elderly population, vulnerable groups and patients with chronic diseases, the layout of community health care facilities and intelligent medical treatment are combined to facilitate the "last kilometer" service of health care. Finally, urban repair and ecological restoration design are carried out. From the perspective of people-oriented, on the basis of studying the comfortable construction of urban physical environment, human behavior and the characteristics of human needs, to tackle "urban diseases" and make up for "urban shortboard". China is building healthy cities through the above four strategies. Committed to the realization of a constantly developing natural and social environment, and can continue to expand social resources, so that people can enjoy life and give full play to their potential to support each other in the city.

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9

Lim, Jae H. "Cost justification of filmless PACS and national policy." In Medical Imaging 2002, edited by Eliot L. Siegel and H. K. Huang. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.466990.

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10

Sostrom, Kristen, and Jeff R. Collmann. "Reviewing and reforming policy in health enterprise information security." In Medical Imaging 2001, edited by Eliot L. Siegel and H. K. Huang. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.435464.

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Reports on the topic "Medical policy Medical economics"

1

Johnson, William C. Medical Civic Action Programs, U.S. Foreign Policy Tool. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363851.

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2

Pannullo, Jerry, Paul Toland, Stanley A. Horowitz, Ayeh Bandeh-Ahmadi, and John E. Whitley. 2005 Defense Economics Conference: Perspectives on the Military Medical Mission. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada454636.

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3

Jones, Tammie M. A Policy Analysis of Strategies to Manage Medical Holdovers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada445114.

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Haig, Andrew J. Disability Policy Must Espouse Medical as well as Social Rehabilitation. Librello, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12924/si2013.01020136.

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Wright, Kevin. Policy Implications of Using Genomic Medicine in the Air Force Medical Service. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1018724.

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Weichel, Richard L. A Policy Analysis for the Implementation of the Generic Inventory Package in a Medical Center Engineering Supply Warehouse. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada477853.

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Harris, Jeffrey, Beatriz López-Valcárcel, Patricia Barber, and Vicente Ortún. Efficiency versus Equity in the Allocation of Medical Specialty Training Positions in Spain: A Health Policy Simulation Based on a Discrete Choice Model. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19896.

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Cantor, Jonathan, Neeraj Sood, Dena Bravata, Megan Pera, and Christopher Whaley. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Policy Response on Health Care Utilization: Evidence from County-level Medical Claims and Cellphone data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28131.

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9

Mitchell, IV, and Charles H. The Medic as an Instrument of National Policy or What in the World is the Department of Defense doing in Medical Humanitarian Assistance? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada234134.

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Brown, Maxine D., and Jason Leigh. Construction of Blaze at the University of Illinois at Chicago: A Shared, High-Performance, Visual Computer for Next-Generation Cyberinfrastructure-Accelerated Scientific, Engineering, Medical and Public Policy Research. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1121089.

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