Relevant bibliographies by topics / Medical referral – Ethiopia – Addis Ababa

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Medical referral – Ethiopia – Addis Ababa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Medical referral – Ethiopia – Addis Ababa"

1

Tola, Kasu, Haftom Abebe, Yemane Gebremariam, and Birhanu Jikamo. "Improving Completeness of Inpatient Medical Records in Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Advances in Public Health 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8389414.

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Introduction. The incompleteness of medical records is a significant problem that affects the quality of health care services in many hospitals of Ethiopia. Improving the completeness of patient’s records is an important step towards improving the quality of healthcare. Methods. Pre- and postintervention study was conducted to assess improvement of inpatient medical record completeness in Menelik II Referral Hospital from September 2015 to April 2016. Simple random sampling technique was used. Data was collected using data extraction checklist and independent sample t-test was used to compare statistical difference that exists between pre- and postintervention outcomes at confidence interval of 95% and P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result. The overall inpatient medical record completeness was found to be 84% after intervention. An enhancement of completeness and reporting of inpatient medical record completeness increased significantly from the baseline 73% to 84% during postintervention evaluation at P value < 0.05. Conclusion and Recommendation. The finding of this project suggests that a simple set of interventions comprising inpatient medical record format and training healthcare provider showed a significant improvement in inpatient medical record completeness. The Quality Officer and Chief Executive Officer of the study hospital are recommended to design and launch intervention programs to improve medical record completeness.
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Arega, Balew, Ermias Diro, Taye Zewude, Tadesse Getahun, Asnake Agunie, Philip Owiti, Mbazi Senkoro, and Saskia Van Henten. "High levels of scabies and malnutrition amongst orphans referred to a hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 06.1 (June 30, 2020): 48S—52S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11712.

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Introduction: Orphans are at high risk for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and other comorbidities such as malnutrition. We investigated how many orphans suffered from scabies, other NTDs and malnutrition. Methodology: A descriptive study using medical records of orphans referred to a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from December 2014 to December 2018 was done. Files documenting NTDs were reviewed in detail for age, referral diagnosis, and nutritional status. Nutritional assessment was done using the WHO Standard growth curve, classifying children as stunted (height for age Z score < -2SD or wasted (weight for length Z score < -2SD). Results: Of the 852 orphans referred, 23.1% (196/852) was diagnosed with scabies, amongst which 28.1% (55/196) had multiple episodes. The median age (interquartile range) of the children with scabies was 3 (2-5) months. 85.2% (169/196) of the orphans with scabies were stunted and /or wasted. No other NTDs were reported. All of the scabies cases identified were not documented in the referral letter of the orphanage. Conclusions: There is ongoing transmission of scabies among children in the orphanage. Amongst orphans with scabies, an alarmingly high percentage was malnourished. Referrals from orphanages may provide an opportunity to detect NTDs and this is being missed.
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Dereje, Nebiyu, Alem Gebremariam, Adamu Addissie, Alemayehu Worku, Mathewos Assefa, Aynalem Abraha, Wondemagegnehu Tigeneh, Eva Johanna Kantelhardt, and Ahmedin Jemal. "Factors associated with advanced stage at diagnosis of cervical cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a population-based study." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e040645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040645.

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ObjectiveTo describe the patterns and factors associated with advanced stage at diagnosis of cervical cancer among Addis Ababa residents, Ethiopia.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.SettingSeven major hospitals or diagnostic facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsAll histopathology-confirmed patients with incident cervical cancer diagnosed from 1 January 2017 to 30 June 2018 among Addis Ababa residents.Outcome measuresThe proportion of patients with cervical cancer diagnosed at early stage (stage I/II) and advanced stage (stage III/IV) of the disease according to International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics staging criteria, and adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) for factors associated with advanced-stage diagnosis using a Poisson regression with robust variance model.ResultsThe mean age of the study participants was 52.9 (±13.3) years. Nearly two-thirds (60.4%, 95% CI: 53.8% to 66.5%) of patients with cervical cancer were diagnosed at an advanced stage. Advanced stage at diagnosis was significantly associated with paying medical bill out of pocket (APR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.91), diagnostic interval >90 days (APR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.71), practicing religion as a remedy or not taking immediate action following symptom recognition (APR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.91) and visiting more than three different health facilities prior to diagnostic confirmation (APR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.51).ConclusionsOur findings of the high proportion of advanced-stage diagnosis of cervical cancer in Addis Ababa and its strong associations with out-of-pocket medical bill, seeking care out of conventional medicine settings and multiple visits to healthcare facilities before diagnostic confirmations underscore the need for public policies to improve the affordability of cancer care and enhance community awareness about the severity of the disease and referral system, in addition to expanding cervical cancer screening.
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Yeshi, Melisachew M., Rosemary H. Tambouret, and Elena F. Brachtel. "Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in Ethiopia." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0491-ra.

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Context.—Most of the population in Ethiopia lives below the poverty line with severely limited access to health care. The burden of infectious diseases is high, but benign and malignant neoplasms are also encountered frequently. For diagnosis of palpable lesions in this setting, fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the method of choice. Objective.—To present findings from several patients from 3 major hospitals in Ethiopia who underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Data Sources.—Representative cytopathology cases of routinely encountered problems are shown. Often patients present with clinically advanced lesions. Staffing, technique, and equipment used for fine-needle aspiration biopsy are described at Black Lion Hospital (Addis Ababa), the University of Gonder Hospital (Gonder), and Ayder Referral Hospital of Mekelle University in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Conclusions.—Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a highly effective method for diagnosis of mass lesions, especially in an environment with sparse health care resources, such as Ethiopia. This article illustrates the work of Ethiopian cytopathologists and emphasizes the constraints under which they perform their work.
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Dessie, Walelign, Gebru Mulugeta, Surafael Fentaw, Amete Mihret, Mulu Hassen, and Engida Abebe. "Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens and Their Susceptibility Isolated from Surgical Site Infections at Selected Referral Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Microbiology 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2418902.

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Background. The emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens in hospitals is becoming a challenge for surgeons to treat hospital acquired infections.Objective. To determine bacterial pathogens and drug susceptibility isolated from surgical site infections at St. Paul Specialized Hospital Millennium Medical College and Yekatit 12 Referral Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 on 107 surgical site infected patients. Wound specimens were collected using sterile cotton swab and processed as per standard operative procedures in appropriate culture media; and susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20.Result. From a total of 107 swabs collected, 90 (84.1%) were culture positive and 104 organisms were isolated.E. coli(24 (23.1%)) was the most common organism isolated followed by multidrug resistantAcinetobacterspecies (23 (22.1%)). More than 58 (75%) of the Gram negative isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (resistance ≥ 5 drugs). Pan-antibiotic resistance was noted among 8 (34.8%)Acinetobacterspecies and 3 (12.5%)E. coli. This calls for abstinence from antibiotic abuse.Conclusion. Gram negative bacteria were the most important isolates accounting for 76 (73.1%). Ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, cephazoline, and tetracycline showed resistance while gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were relatively effective antimicrobials.
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Arega, Balew, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, Kelemework Adane, Abdulaziz Abubeker, and Daniel Asrat. "Microbial spectrum and drug-resistance profile of isolates causing bloodstream infections in febrile cancer patients at a referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Infection and Drug Resistance Volume 11 (September 2018): 1511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/idr.s168867.

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Zewdneh, Daniel. "A Study of Knowledge & Awareness of Medical Doctors Towards Radiation Exposure Risk At Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral And Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 2, no. 4 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-0240105.

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Dye, Timothy D., Solomon Bogale, Claire Hobden, Yared Tilahun, Teshome Deressa, and Anne Reeler. "Experience of Initial Symptoms of Breast Cancer and Triggers for Action in Ethiopia." International Journal of Breast Cancer 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/908547.

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Objective. This study assessed the initial experiences, symptoms, and actions of patients in Ethiopia ultimately determined to have breast cancer.Methods. 69 participants in a comprehensive breast cancer treatment program at the main national cancer hospital in Ethiopia were interviewed using mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches. Participants’ narratives of their initial cancer experience were coded and analyzed for themes around their symptoms, time to seeking advice, triggers for action, and contextual factors. The assessment was approved by the Addis Ababa University Faculty of Medicine Institutional Review Board.Results. Nearly all women first noticed lumps, though few sought medical advice within the first year (average time to action: 1.5 years). Eventually, changes in their symptoms motivated most participants to seek advice. Most participants did not think the initial lump would be cancer, nor was a lump of any particular concern until symptoms changed.Conclusion. Given the frequency with which lumps are the first symptom noticed, raising awareness among participants that lumps should trigger medical consultation could contribute significantly to more rapid medical advice-seeking among women in Ethiopia. Primary care sites should be trained and equipped to offer evaluation of lumps so that women can be referred appropriately for assessment if needed.
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Bulcha, G. G., M. E. Leon, M. Gwen, C. C. Abnet, A. Sime, N. R. Pritchett, and S. M. Dawsey. "Epidemiology of Esophageal Cancer (EC) In Oromia Region, Ethiopia 2016: A 4-Year Medical Record Review." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 14s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.41700.

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Background: It is difficult to determine the prevalence/incidence of EC without an established functional national cancer registry, which helps to demarcate the population at-risk and monitor cancer trends over time. The review of medical records can help to identify areas in a country with high number of diagnosed EC cases and help set public health priorities. Aim: To describe EC hospital case series during a period of 4 years at the main cancer treatment center in Ethiopia and two hospitals in the EC high-risk zones in the Oromia region, concentrating on residents of Oromia region and to offer recommendations for public health officials. Methods: All EC malignancy data from the period 2013-2016 were collected by reviewing patient charts at the selected hospitals: Tikur Anbessa Teaching hospital (TATH) in Addis Ababa, Adama General and Medical Teaching Hospital (AGMTH) and Adama Referral and Medical Teaching Hospital (ARMTH). Cases with insufficient residence information and residents of other regions were excluded from the summary. The number of EC cases is presented by age, sex and site as well as method of diagnosis. Data were expressed as percentages (%). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 software. Results: Over the study period, a total of 669 EC cases who resided in Oromia region were identified in the selected hospitals out of 2211 registered in the referral surgical departments of hospitals in the study, with insignificant difference by sex. A total of 457 (68%) were residents from high risk Arsi/Bale zones and the rest 212 (32%) from other zones of the region. The mean age at diagnosis was 52.4 years with the majority of cases in the age range 45-69 years. A total of 34 (5%) EC cases were younger at diagnosis (15-29 years). A total of 258 (38.5%) cases were identified at TATH, 305 (46%) from AGHMT/ARHMT and 106 (16%) cases from both TATH/AGHMT. Data were gathered from patient charts at endoscopy departments 227 (34%), endoscopy and pathology departments 246 (37%) and all other sources (ie surgical department) 196 (29%). Most patients complained dysphagia for solids 664 (99%) and weight loss 352 (53%). Cases were histopathology proven (256, 38%), identified through endoscopy investigation (385, 58%) or radiology (28, 4%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histology type with 160 cases (62.5%) of those histologically proven. Among the total of 420 cases whose risk factor history was recorded, 401 (97%) had a previous history of digestive disease, 49% reported hot beverage consumption and 34% persistent heart burn. Conclusion: Two thirds of EC incident cases came from Arsi and Bale zones with decreasing trends over the period considered. Such trends warrant in depth investigation for possible reasons and future study to investigate local based risk factors associated with the disease.
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Bitew, Adane, and Estifanos Tsige. "High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: A Cross-Sectional Study at Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020 (April 30, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6167234.

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Background. Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae particularly extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers have become a major public health threat. Despite efforts to limit their spread, rates of multidrug-resistance members of the Enterobacteriaceae continue to increase throughout the world causing increased morbidity and mortality and raised costs for medical care. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Methods. Four hundred forty Enterobacteriaceae isolates from outpatients referred to Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory were identified and assessed for their antimicrobial resistance pattern by using the automated VITEK 2 compact system. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production was determined by the VITEK 2 automated compact system using the extended-spectrum β-lactamase test panel as per the instruction of the manufacturer. Results. The overall resistance rates of Enterobacteriaceae against cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones were high. Nitrofurantoin with a resistance rate of 14.3% and piperacillin/tazobactam combination with a resistance rate of 17.3% were better active against this group of Gram-negative bacteria. Out of 440 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 42.1% were multidrug-resistant of which 34.3% and 8.95% were extensively drug-resistant and pan-drug resistant, respectively. Among 185 multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, 63.9% of the isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamase of which 75.4%, 19.5%, 1.7%, 2.5%, and 0.8% were E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. freundii, E. cloacae, and P. mirabilis, respectively. Conclusions. The present study demonstrated high prevalence rates of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. In order to combat these problems, infection control strategy and proper antibiotic policies should be formulated.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical referral – Ethiopia – Addis Ababa"

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Gebreselassie, Fasil Taye. "Investigating the Compliance with Universal Precautions among Health Care Providers in Tikur Anbessa Central Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3888_1280431366.

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This study has reveled the levels of knowledge and compliance towards Universal Precautions and examined the factors that are influential in having a positive and negative effect on their adoption by healthcare practitioners in practice. Despite acceptable knowledge regarding the potential for infection and mechanisms to prevent these infections, this study has found out that health care workers are not as compliant with universal precautions as they need to be. The findings that compliance correlated directly with knowledge, with in-service training and with availability of protective equipment, provide important indications for future interventions. Therefore a regular on job refreshing training program on Universal Precautions, a written guideline and reminder poster on Universal Precautions and personal protective equipment need to be made available for all health care providers in every department of the hospital for better compliance.  
 
 

 

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Dinku, Fasika Dessalegne. "Strategies to strengthen referral and linkage system of HIV positive clients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20663.

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Introduction: HIV referral and linkage system in many countries in general and in Ethiopia in particular was poorly characterised by low linkage rate. The purpose of this study was to analyses factors associated with poor referral and linkage system and develop strategies to improve the system. Methods: A sequential mixed method approach using exploratory descriptive study design was employed. The study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and it was conducted in two phases. Phase I involved data collection and analysis as evidence for the development of strategies while phase II was the development of strategies. For phase I, data were collected in steps 1 and 2 using individual interviews and focus group discussions respectively. The study participants were programme owners and partners who were supporting facilities during the data collection period in step 1 and health care providers in step 2. A total of 4 individual interviews and 3 FGDs were conducted with purposively selected participants. Data were analysed using computer assisted software called OpenCode version 4.2. Results: The findings revealed five themes namely, issues of referral and linkage practice, ensuring linkage through communication, issues of health care, issues of health care system and issues of partnerships and Health Bureau. Many gaps that affected the referral system were identified and in phase II, nine strategies were developed to strengthen the referral and linkage system. Conclusion:The results of this study highlighted weaknesses in the referral and linkage system of the HIV positive clients from counselling and testing services to chronic care and proposed strategies to strengthen those weaknesses. Measures to operationalise those strategies are also proposed. The successful implementation of the proposed strategies depends on the support of the ministry of health and regional bureau in terms of resources and the readiness of the health care providers to adhere to the proposed measures. Intervention research is needed to test the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Ayka, Seble Tiku. "Determinants of screening practice for cervical cancer among women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27858.

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Cervical cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death among women in less developed countries. Screening for cervical cancer is the most accepted and successful strategy for cervical cancer control. The purpose of the study was to investigate factors that determine cervical cancer screening practice among women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and develop guidelines to improve the utilisation of cervical cancer screening services. The researcher used the health belief model (HMB) as the theoretical foundation of the study and a convergent parallel mixed methods design. Quantitative data was obtained from screened and not screened women attending maternal health services at selected public health centres. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23 was used for entry and analysis of data Qualitative data was obtained in key informant interviews from health service professionals on their perceptions of women‟s cervical cancer screening uptake at the health centres. The study found that higher age >35 years category (X2 =33.618 and p-value <0.001), contraceptive use (X2 value=20.7 and p-value <0.001), having two or more children, and knowledge of cervical cancer and screening (chi-value X2 =51.649, p-value=0.001) were strongly associated with screening practice. In addition, women‟s perception of susceptibility (t-test=3.42 and 3.432, p-value=0.001) was a predictor of screening. Lack of awareness was a serious barrier to cervical cancer screening and health service providers‟ information was a strong promoter of screening. The study recommends promoting and facilitating health education on cervical cancer at all health facilities; organising awareness campaigns, education programmes, and community mobilisation to raise awareness of cervical cancer screening; integrating cervical cancer screening with other reproductive health services, and capacitating the health professionals in order to increase utilisation of cervical cancer screening services. Consequently, the researcher used the findings of the study to develop guidelines to improve the uptake and quality of cervical cancer screening services.
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Public Health)
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Kahwa, Joan Mary F. "Health-care seeking behaviour among terminally ill adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/8473.

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Using data collected in 2007 for Addis Ababa Mortality Surveillance, the paper examines the effect of cause of death/type of illness on choice of health care in adults 12 years and above. The multinomial logit model using bootstrapped standard errors is used to investigate the relationship between dominant type of treatment and the covariates: cause of death, gender, age, education, occupation, ethnicity and religion. Availability of water, television and telephone in the household are used as a proxy for economic status. After controlling for duration of illness (exposure), type of illness, gender and marital status are significant. Those who die of HIV/TB and cancer behave similar in way they seek help, and have high likelihood of using traditional healers as the first point for help compared to those who died as a result of other illnesses. Thus the study concludes that cause of death; gender and marital status affect choice of health service.
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Haile, Yeneneh Getachew. "Strategies to improve effectiveness of hospital leadership in Addis Ababa." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26566.

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In hospitals of Addis Ababa, there is a high turnover of leaders while patient and health workers’ satisfaction is low, and safety and quality are in dire situations. The purpose of this study was to explore and propose strategies to improve effectiveness of hospital leadership in order to enhance the quality of health care provided in hospitals through improving health workers’ empowerment, job satisfaction and patient safety culture. Thus, a sequential explanatory mixed method research design was used. The research had three phases, in which the first phase used five structured questionnaires explored leadership styles, the health workers’ satisfaction and empowerment, patient safety culture, and the patient experience of quality of health care; while the second involved a qualitative study (content analysis); and third phase focused on the preparation of a strategy document. Data in the form of interview responses was gathered from 75 leaders, 542 health workers, 532 patients and 11 key informants. The analysis shows that, overall, hospital leaders considered themselves more transformational (M=2.98, SD=0.41) than transactional (M=2.85, SD=0.46). Job satisfaction of private and public hospital health workers were 70.8 % and 57.1 % respectively (P-value<0.001). In addition, private hospital workers had a higher score in structural and psychological empowerment than their pubic hospital counterparts; the difference was statistically significant in all dimensions (P-value <=0.03). The analysis reveals that public and private hospitals’ mean total patient safety scores were 3.58 and 3.77 respectively (P-value=0.02). Finally, the “overall rating of hospital” was better for private hospitals: 84.8% and 88.4 % respectively (P-value=0.03). The study makes a number of observations. It notes that, firstly, transformational leadership has direct and strong correlation with structural and psychological empowerment (r=0.70, P-value=0.04 and r=0.83, P-value=0.01 respectively). Secondly, structural empowerment has a direct and significant effect on psychological empowerment (β=0.28, P-value=<0.01); and minimal indirect effect on patient safety culture through psychological empowerment (β=0.05, P-value=<0.05). Thirdly, health worker job satisfaction also has had a direct effect on patient safety culture (β=0.44, Pvalue=< 0.01. The fourth and final observation is that psychological empowerment has had a direct and statistically significant effect on patient safety culture (β=0.19, Pvalue=< 0.01). These observations indicate that, although private hospitals are better in every dimension of this study, the current hospitals situation in Addis Ababa needs urgent attention. Hence, the identification and recommendation for the preparation of eight strategic priority areas along with key interventions seeking to improve the hospital leaders’ effectiveness.
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Wendimagegn, Netsanet Fetene. "Integration of promotive, preventive and curative health care services in public hospitals and health centres of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23587.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the level of integration of health promotion and disease prevention services with the curative care provided at hospitals and health centres in Addis Ababa, and to propose recommendations that could improve such an integrated health service. A quantitative approach, using an exploratory and descriptive design was applied at 22 public health facilities in Addis Ababa followed by the Delphi technique to reach consensus on ways to improve the integration of health promotion, preventive and curative care. An integrated health service (IHS) framework was used as the conceptual framework upon which the study was based. Multistage sampling involving stratified simple random sampling was applied to select hospitals and health centres while a systematic sampling technique was used to sample patients from the outpatient and inpatient medical departments. Data was collected by means of two questionnaires from patients and health service managers, respectively, following which two Delphi rounds with experts resulted in agreement on a contextually accepted integrated framework. The findings revealed that promotive and preventive services for chronic diseases were not optimally integrated in the routine health care services of the health facilities. Most health facilities lacked skilled health professionals, adequate medication and equipment to provide a comprehensive integrated service. The study emphasized the need for health service providers to undergo a paradigm shift and additional training in order to provide a comprehensive, patient-centred, integrated health service instead of only treating patients’ complaints. To assist this approach, the study affirmed the Integrated Health Service (IHS) framework as a tool which comprehensively demonstrates the cause, effect and progression of chronic diseases and the appropriate interventions which health professionals can apply in managing diseases or their risk factors. Recommendations for effective, integrated promotive and preventive health care, included the development of guidelines, protocols and policy documents for cultivating a healthy lifestyle, adopting effective disease prevention approaches, re-designing medical school curriculums, and staffing health facilities with trained and specialized staff, capacitating health facilities with the necessary equipment, medication and supplies that would enable the provision of an integrated health care service.
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Tadesse, Menelik Legesse. "Healthcare waste management, quantification and intervention in Addis Ababa City Administration health bureau public health facilities." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26614.

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Healthcare waste management is very important due to its hazardous nature that can cause risk to human health and the environment. The study wished to determine the amount of healthcare waste generated in 15 public health centres and 3 hospitals and evaluate the healthcare waste management practices in Addis Ababa City Administration. The aim of the study was to develop a manual for healthcare facilities based on the findings on healthcare waste management practice, quantification and intervention. Data was obtained from questionnaires distributed to 636 randomly selected healthcare professionals, ancillary staff and managers and by means of surveying the facilities. The mean HCW generation rate was 10.64 + 5.79 kg/day, of which 37.26% (3.96 + 2.017kg/day) was general waste and 62.74% (6.68 + 4.293 kg/day) was hazardous waste from the surveyed health centres. HCW generation and quantification was not measured and documented in any of the HCFs. Quantifying HCW would help determine the type of waste as well as the HCFs that generate the highest and lowest HCW, which could have implications for resource allocation in managing HCW. Segregation of different types of wastes was not regularly done. Some HCFs had separate storage areas for HCW and separate containers for hazardous and nonhazardous waste. In some instances, however, the containers were not clearly marked. Regarding storage, some of the HCFs had interim storage sites and HCW disposal sites. Several interim storage facilities lacked security and surveillance and were not cleaned after collection. In addition, HCW remained at the interim storage facilities for more than 48 hours before final disposal. The main forms of on-site treatment of HCW before disposal were burning, crushing sharps, sterilisation and chemical disinfection. The most common treatment method used for HCW was incineration. Most HCW handlers had not received adequate training; did not wear PPE, and did not take precautionary measures, such as washing their hands and heavy duty gloves after handling HCW. The researcher developed a manual for effective HCW management and training of HCW handlers. Based on the findings, the study makes recommendations for policy, education, HCW management, including generation, segregation, storage, transportation and disposal, and further research.
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Tikuye, Azmera Molla, and Azmera Molla Tikuye. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care providers towards isoniazide preventive therapy (IPT) provision in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11916.

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This study assessed healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards IPT provision for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used for the study and data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 104 clinicians working in ART clinics. The findings show that healthcare providers who participated in this study had a mean value of high knowledge, positive attitude and good practice towards IPT provision for PLHIV. Significant association was found between knowledge and attitude (P=0.000) but no significant associations were found between knowledge and practice, attitude and practice as well as between the type of facility (public/private) and level of practice. This implied that, the low level of IPT implementation in Addis Ababa doesn’t seem due to health care providers’ lack of knowledge and resistance to provide IPT for people living with HIV. As a result, the researcher recommends for further researches of other possible factors like; the reliability of IPT information/data management, drug supply and the leadership and governance of the health system that IPT program is a direct concern.
Health Studies
M. Public Health (with specialisation in Medical Informatics)
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Hagos, Zemichael Mekonen. "Evaluation of fee waiver scheme effectiveness in improving health care access to the poor segments of the population in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27817.

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Background: Availing equitable and affordable health services for citizens is becoming a problem for governments of developing countries. In Ethiopia, the government has been implementing fee waiver scheme since 1998 to advance the health access by the poor, though it is still a crucial challenge of the health sector. Purpose: The intent of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fee waiver scheme in improving access to health by the poor in Addis Ababa and to propose implementation framework to improve its outcome. Method: This study employed qualitative research approach to evaluate the program effectiveness and to propose implementation framework in two phases. Exploratory and descriptive case study designs, and Delphi techniques were utilized to evaluate the scheme’s effectiveness and to validate the proposed implementation framework. The researcher employed purposive and convenience sampling methods to sample the study populations, and used Atlas ti 7.5 software to analyze the findings. Result: This study revealed that the commencement of the scheme has benefited considerable poor population in the city. However, its effectiveness in terms of addressing the needy population, services coverage and protecting the poor from financial hardship is not yet achieved. Poor health facilities capacity, poor program management and lack of comprehensive monitoring and accountability system were found major factors that affected its success. As a result, the researcher proposed an implementation framework with the aim of addressing these problems. Conclusion: Achieving Universal Health Coverage without addressing the indigents’ health need is impossible. Lack of comprehensive health services, in adequate population coverage and poor financial protection were among the major findings. Hence, prior attentions should be given to equip health facilities with necessary infrastructures and ensure the inclusion of all needy populations through effective monitoring, governance and leadership mechanisms to improve its intended outcomes. If utilized properly, the findings and the implementation framework of this study will serve as valuable resources for immediate decisions and directions by the policy makers
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Aragaw, Getahun Sisay. "Adherence by health care providers' National Tuberculosis guidelines." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5092.

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This study examined healthcare providers’ adherence to the national Tuberculosis guidelines (NTG) during the diagnosis and treatment of TB in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia using a descriptive, cross-sectional study design. Data were collected from 233 medical records using checklists. Adherence of healthcare providers to the NTG during the diagnosis of TB was 60.9% (n=67) for female and 56.1% (n=69) for male TB patients. However, 91.8% (n=101) female and 90.2% (n=111) male TB patients had been prescribed the correct numbers of anti-TB pills, complying with the NTG recommendations. There was an over-diagnosis of smear negative pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) as only 2.6% (n=2) of the 76 smear negative PTB patients were diagnosed correctly. Healthcare providers’ compliance with the NTG could be enhanced by providing appropriate in-service education, maintaining accurate records of all TB patients and providing supportive supervision to identify and address shortcomings.
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Books on the topic "Medical referral – Ethiopia – Addis Ababa"

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African Health Sciences Congress (24th 2003 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). 24th African Health Sciences Congress: Challenges and strategies in combating health problems in Africa, towards development efforts : African Union Conference Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Sept. 28-Oct. 2, 2003 : congress abstracts. [Addis Ababa, Ethiopia]: EHNRI, 2003.

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Feleke, Amsalu. Proceedings of the XIVth Annual Conference: Conference of the Ethiopian Public Health Association : main theme, the sector wide approach to health development in Ethiopia: concept and development, sub theme : HIV/AIDS care and support : October 15-17, 2003, Hilton Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Edited by Chanyalew Kassa and YaʼItyop̣yā ṭénā ʼaṭabābaq māhbar. Conference. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Public Health Association, 2003.

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John, Little, ed. The hospital by the river: A story of hope. Oxford, UK: Monarch, 2004.

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1942-, Little John, ed. The hospital by the river: A story of hope. Sydney, [Australia]: Pan Macmillan Australia, 2001.

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Hamlin, Catherine. The Hospital By the River. Pan Australia, 2008.

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Hamlin, Catherine, and John Little. The Hospital by the River: A Story of Hope. Monarch Books, 2005.

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Hamlin, Catherine, and John Little. The Hospital by the River: A Story of Hope. Lion Hudson, 2016.

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Hamlin, Catherine. Hospital by the River: A Story of Hope. Lion Hudson PLC, 2016.

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Conference papers on the topic "Medical referral – Ethiopia – Addis Ababa"

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Huluka, D. K., D. Mekonnen, S. Abebe, D. Mekonnen, N. Deyessa, C. B. Sherman, and W. Amogne. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pulmonary Hypertension Among Adult HIV+ Patients Followed at a Large Referral Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a5099.

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