Journal articles: 'Medical referral – Ethiopia – Addis Ababa'

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Tola, Kasu, Haftom Abebe, Yemane Gebremariam, and Birhanu Jikamo. "Improving Completeness of Inpatient Medical Records in Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Advances in Public Health 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8389414.

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Introduction. The incompleteness of medical records is a significant problem that affects the quality of health care services in many hospitals of Ethiopia. Improving the completeness of patient’s records is an important step towards improving the quality of healthcare. Methods. Pre- and postintervention study was conducted to assess improvement of inpatient medical record completeness in Menelik II Referral Hospital from September 2015 to April 2016. Simple random sampling technique was used. Data was collected using data extraction checklist and independent sample t-test was used to compare statistical difference that exists between pre- and postintervention outcomes at confidence interval of 95% and P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result. The overall inpatient medical record completeness was found to be 84% after intervention. An enhancement of completeness and reporting of inpatient medical record completeness increased significantly from the baseline 73% to 84% during postintervention evaluation at P value < 0.05. Conclusion and Recommendation. The finding of this project suggests that a simple set of interventions comprising inpatient medical record format and training healthcare provider showed a significant improvement in inpatient medical record completeness. The Quality Officer and Chief Executive Officer of the study hospital are recommended to design and launch intervention programs to improve medical record completeness.

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Arega, Balew, Ermias Diro, Taye Zewude, Tadesse Getahun, Asnake Agunie, Philip Owiti, Mbazi Senkoro, and Saskia Van Henten. "High levels of scabies and malnutrition amongst orphans referred to a hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 06.1 (June 30, 2020): 48S—52S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11712.

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Introduction: Orphans are at high risk for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and other comorbidities such as malnutrition. We investigated how many orphans suffered from scabies, other NTDs and malnutrition. Methodology: A descriptive study using medical records of orphans referred to a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from December 2014 to December 2018 was done. Files documenting NTDs were reviewed in detail for age, referral diagnosis, and nutritional status. Nutritional assessment was done using the WHO Standard growth curve, classifying children as stunted (height for age Z score < -2SD or wasted (weight for length Z score < -2SD). Results: Of the 852 orphans referred, 23.1% (196/852) was diagnosed with scabies, amongst which 28.1% (55/196) had multiple episodes. The median age (interquartile range) of the children with scabies was 3 (2-5) months. 85.2% (169/196) of the orphans with scabies were stunted and /or wasted. No other NTDs were reported. All of the scabies cases identified were not documented in the referral letter of the orphanage. Conclusions: There is ongoing transmission of scabies among children in the orphanage. Amongst orphans with scabies, an alarmingly high percentage was malnourished. Referrals from orphanages may provide an opportunity to detect NTDs and this is being missed.

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Dereje, Nebiyu, Alem Gebremariam, Adamu Addissie, Alemayehu Worku, Mathewos Assefa, Aynalem Abraha, Wondemagegnehu Tigeneh, Eva Johanna Kantelhardt, and Ahmedin Jemal. "Factors associated with advanced stage at diagnosis of cervical cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a population-based study." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e040645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040645.

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ObjectiveTo describe the patterns and factors associated with advanced stage at diagnosis of cervical cancer among Addis Ababa residents, Ethiopia.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.SettingSeven major hospitals or diagnostic facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ParticipantsAll histopathology-confirmed patients with incident cervical cancer diagnosed from 1 January 2017 to 30 June 2018 among Addis Ababa residents.Outcome measuresThe proportion of patients with cervical cancer diagnosed at early stage (stage I/II) and advanced stage (stage III/IV) of the disease according to International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics staging criteria, and adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) for factors associated with advanced-stage diagnosis using a Poisson regression with robust variance model.ResultsThe mean age of the study participants was 52.9 (±13.3) years. Nearly two-thirds (60.4%, 95% CI: 53.8% to 66.5%) of patients with cervical cancer were diagnosed at an advanced stage. Advanced stage at diagnosis was significantly associated with paying medical bill out of pocket (APR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.91), diagnostic interval >90 days (APR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.71), practicing religion as a remedy or not taking immediate action following symptom recognition (APR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.91) and visiting more than three different health facilities prior to diagnostic confirmation (APR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.51).ConclusionsOur findings of the high proportion of advanced-stage diagnosis of cervical cancer in Addis Ababa and its strong associations with out-of-pocket medical bill, seeking care out of conventional medicine settings and multiple visits to healthcare facilities before diagnostic confirmations underscore the need for public policies to improve the affordability of cancer care and enhance community awareness about the severity of the disease and referral system, in addition to expanding cervical cancer screening.

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Yeshi, Melisachew M., Rosemary H. Tambouret, and Elena F. Brachtel. "Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in Ethiopia." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0491-ra.

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Context.—Most of the population in Ethiopia lives below the poverty line with severely limited access to health care. The burden of infectious diseases is high, but benign and malignant neoplasms are also encountered frequently. For diagnosis of palpable lesions in this setting, fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the method of choice. Objective.—To present findings from several patients from 3 major hospitals in Ethiopia who underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Data Sources.—Representative cytopathology cases of routinely encountered problems are shown. Often patients present with clinically advanced lesions. Staffing, technique, and equipment used for fine-needle aspiration biopsy are described at Black Lion Hospital (Addis Ababa), the University of Gonder Hospital (Gonder), and Ayder Referral Hospital of Mekelle University in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Conclusions.—Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a highly effective method for diagnosis of mass lesions, especially in an environment with sparse health care resources, such as Ethiopia. This article illustrates the work of Ethiopian cytopathologists and emphasizes the constraints under which they perform their work.

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Dessie, Walelign, Gebru Mulugeta, Surafael Fentaw, Amete Mihret, Mulu Hassen, and Engida Abebe. "Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens and Their Susceptibility Isolated from Surgical Site Infections at Selected Referral Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Microbiology 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2418902.

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Background. The emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens in hospitals is becoming a challenge for surgeons to treat hospital acquired infections.Objective. To determine bacterial pathogens and drug susceptibility isolated from surgical site infections at St. Paul Specialized Hospital Millennium Medical College and Yekatit 12 Referral Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 on 107 surgical site infected patients. Wound specimens were collected using sterile cotton swab and processed as per standard operative procedures in appropriate culture media; and susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20.Result. From a total of 107 swabs collected, 90 (84.1%) were culture positive and 104 organisms were isolated.E. coli(24 (23.1%)) was the most common organism isolated followed by multidrug resistantAcinetobacterspecies (23 (22.1%)). More than 58 (75%) of the Gram negative isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (resistance ≥ 5 drugs). Pan-antibiotic resistance was noted among 8 (34.8%)Acinetobacterspecies and 3 (12.5%)E. coli. This calls for abstinence from antibiotic abuse.Conclusion. Gram negative bacteria were the most important isolates accounting for 76 (73.1%). Ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, cephazoline, and tetracycline showed resistance while gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were relatively effective antimicrobials.

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Arega, Balew, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, Kelemework Adane, Abdulaziz Abubeker, and Daniel Asrat. "Microbial spectrum and drug-resistance profile of isolates causing bloodstream infections in febrile cancer patients at a referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Infection and Drug Resistance Volume 11 (September 2018): 1511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/idr.s168867.

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Zewdneh, Daniel. "A Study of Knowledge & Awareness of Medical Doctors Towards Radiation Exposure Risk At Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral And Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 2, no. 4 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-0240105.

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Dye, Timothy D., Solomon Bogale, Claire Hobden, Yared Tilahun, Teshome Deressa, and Anne Reeler. "Experience of Initial Symptoms of Breast Cancer and Triggers for Action in Ethiopia." International Journal of Breast Cancer 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/908547.

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Objective. This study assessed the initial experiences, symptoms, and actions of patients in Ethiopia ultimately determined to have breast cancer.Methods. 69 participants in a comprehensive breast cancer treatment program at the main national cancer hospital in Ethiopia were interviewed using mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches. Participants’ narratives of their initial cancer experience were coded and analyzed for themes around their symptoms, time to seeking advice, triggers for action, and contextual factors. The assessment was approved by the Addis Ababa University Faculty of Medicine Institutional Review Board.Results. Nearly all women first noticed lumps, though few sought medical advice within the first year (average time to action: 1.5 years). Eventually, changes in their symptoms motivated most participants to seek advice. Most participants did not think the initial lump would be cancer, nor was a lump of any particular concern until symptoms changed.Conclusion. Given the frequency with which lumps are the first symptom noticed, raising awareness among participants that lumps should trigger medical consultation could contribute significantly to more rapid medical advice-seeking among women in Ethiopia. Primary care sites should be trained and equipped to offer evaluation of lumps so that women can be referred appropriately for assessment if needed.

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Bulcha, G. G., M. E. Leon, M. Gwen, C. C. Abnet, A. Sime, N. R. Pritchett, and S. M. Dawsey. "Epidemiology of Esophageal Cancer (EC) In Oromia Region, Ethiopia 2016: A 4-Year Medical Record Review." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 14s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.41700.

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Background: It is difficult to determine the prevalence/incidence of EC without an established functional national cancer registry, which helps to demarcate the population at-risk and monitor cancer trends over time. The review of medical records can help to identify areas in a country with high number of diagnosed EC cases and help set public health priorities. Aim: To describe EC hospital case series during a period of 4 years at the main cancer treatment center in Ethiopia and two hospitals in the EC high-risk zones in the Oromia region, concentrating on residents of Oromia region and to offer recommendations for public health officials. Methods: All EC malignancy data from the period 2013-2016 were collected by reviewing patient charts at the selected hospitals: Tikur Anbessa Teaching hospital (TATH) in Addis Ababa, Adama General and Medical Teaching Hospital (AGMTH) and Adama Referral and Medical Teaching Hospital (ARMTH). Cases with insufficient residence information and residents of other regions were excluded from the summary. The number of EC cases is presented by age, sex and site as well as method of diagnosis. Data were expressed as percentages (%). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 software. Results: Over the study period, a total of 669 EC cases who resided in Oromia region were identified in the selected hospitals out of 2211 registered in the referral surgical departments of hospitals in the study, with insignificant difference by sex. A total of 457 (68%) were residents from high risk Arsi/Bale zones and the rest 212 (32%) from other zones of the region. The mean age at diagnosis was 52.4 years with the majority of cases in the age range 45-69 years. A total of 34 (5%) EC cases were younger at diagnosis (15-29 years). A total of 258 (38.5%) cases were identified at TATH, 305 (46%) from AGHMT/ARHMT and 106 (16%) cases from both TATH/AGHMT. Data were gathered from patient charts at endoscopy departments 227 (34%), endoscopy and pathology departments 246 (37%) and all other sources (ie surgical department) 196 (29%). Most patients complained dysphagia for solids 664 (99%) and weight loss 352 (53%). Cases were histopathology proven (256, 38%), identified through endoscopy investigation (385, 58%) or radiology (28, 4%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histology type with 160 cases (62.5%) of those histologically proven. Among the total of 420 cases whose risk factor history was recorded, 401 (97%) had a previous history of digestive disease, 49% reported hot beverage consumption and 34% persistent heart burn. Conclusion: Two thirds of EC incident cases came from Arsi and Bale zones with decreasing trends over the period considered. Such trends warrant in depth investigation for possible reasons and future study to investigate local based risk factors associated with the disease.

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Bitew, Adane, and Estifanos Tsige. "High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: A Cross-Sectional Study at Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020 (April 30, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6167234.

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Background. Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae particularly extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers have become a major public health threat. Despite efforts to limit their spread, rates of multidrug-resistance members of the Enterobacteriaceae continue to increase throughout the world causing increased morbidity and mortality and raised costs for medical care. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Methods. Four hundred forty Enterobacteriaceae isolates from outpatients referred to Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory were identified and assessed for their antimicrobial resistance pattern by using the automated VITEK 2 compact system. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production was determined by the VITEK 2 automated compact system using the extended-spectrum β-lactamase test panel as per the instruction of the manufacturer. Results. The overall resistance rates of Enterobacteriaceae against cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones were high. Nitrofurantoin with a resistance rate of 14.3% and piperacillin/tazobactam combination with a resistance rate of 17.3% were better active against this group of Gram-negative bacteria. Out of 440 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 42.1% were multidrug-resistant of which 34.3% and 8.95% were extensively drug-resistant and pan-drug resistant, respectively. Among 185 multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, 63.9% of the isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamase of which 75.4%, 19.5%, 1.7%, 2.5%, and 0.8% were E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. freundii, E. cloacae, and P. mirabilis, respectively. Conclusions. The present study demonstrated high prevalence rates of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. In order to combat these problems, infection control strategy and proper antibiotic policies should be formulated.

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Bezabeh, Bahiru, Biruk L. Wamisho, and Maxime JM Coles. "Treatment of Adult Femoral Shaft Fractures Using the Perkins Traction at Addis Ababa Tikur Anbessa University Hospital: The Ethiopian Experience." International Surgery 97, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/cc48.1.

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Abstract This is a prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of the Perkins traction in the treatment of adult femoral shaft fractures from October 1, 2007, to the present at the Black Lion Hospital in Addis Ababa University Hospital in Ethiopia. All femur fractures admitted to the hospital were reviewed and evaluated for treatment. Black Lion Hospital (Tikur Anbessa) is the university hospital in Addis Ababa and the highest tertiary teaching hospital in a country of 85 million inhabitants. A 67-bed orthopedic department offers the main ground for teaching to the undergraduate medical students. The hospital is also the pivotal center for the formation of the orthopedic residents. Patients from different parts of the country are referred to this institution for orthopedic care. A total of 68 adult (older than 16 years) patients with 69 femoral shaft fractures were considered for treatment during the study period. Consent was obtained and prospective treatment initiated. A standard Perkins traction was applied by an orthopedic team composed of consultants, orthopedic residents, physical therapists, and nurses. A protocol was developed for patients undergoing such traction. The physiotherapists will supervise all individual or group therapy sessions. Progressive knee range of motion to facilitate quadriceps and hamstring muscle strengthening exercises were implemented four times a day and recorded. Demographic information, fracture patterns, duration of traction, thigh circumference leg length discrepancy, and pin sites were routinely monitored and charted. Data were computerized and analyzed weekly, and appropriate adjustments were made accordingly. Clinical evidence of a competent callus and confirmation by radiographic studies will influence the cessation of traction to allow gait training with toe-touch crutch ambulation. Progress will be monitored during the following outpatient visits in the fracture clinic. A total of 68 consecutive patients with 69 femoral shaft fractures were treated with the Perkins traction. There were 60 men (88.2%) and only 8 women (11.8%), for a ratio of 8 men to 1 woman. The age of the cohort patient varied between 18 and 28 years. The mechanisms of injury for most of the fractures were motor vehicle accidents, resulting in an isolated femoral shaft fracture in 49.2% of the patients. Half of the fractures were by means of closed injury (n = 44; 64.7%). One patient with a bilateral femoral shaft fracture was also added to the study. The right side was more often involved, with 41 fractures (60%), than the left, with 28 fractures (40%). Most of the fractures involved the proximal third of the femur (n = 34; 50%), but the most common fracture pattern was transverse (n = 29; 42.6%), followed by a comminuted pattern (n = 18; 26.5%). Three segmental fractures were also encountered. The mean hospital stay was 45 days (33 patients; 48.5%), with the length of time in traction varying from 30 to 40 days. Only 2 patients remained in traction for a period of 60 days. At the end of the traction period, 8 patients (11.8%) showed a decrease in the quadriceps mass, and 7 patients (10.3%) showed stiffness of the knee with a range of motion limited to 0° to 90°. Most patients were discharged after about 8 months of treatment. One patient suffered a nonunion, and one was malunited. Superficial pin care infections were noted in 8 patients (11.8%) and treated appropriately. The conservative treatment of 69 femoral shaft fractures using the Perkins traction at Black Lion University Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, has been proven to be a safe and effective method. It should be encouraged in countries like ours where it is a luxury to have a C-Arm in the operating room and where the hardware often is not available to perform a stable stabilization of the long bone fractures.

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Kuzma, Tamara. "Caesarean Sections in a National Referral Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Obstetrics & Gynecology 131 (May 2018): 48S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000533006.21352.b8.

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Benin-Goren, O., P. Halpern, S. Amir, and MB Tesfay. "Establishment of emergency medical services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Critical Care 4, Suppl 1 (2000): P197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc916.

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Dereje, Nebiyu, Adamu Addissie, Alemayehu Worku, Mathewos Assefa, Aynalem Abraha, Wondemagegnehu Tigeneh, Eva Johanna Kantelhardt, and Ahmedin Jemal. "Extent and Predictors of Delays in Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Population-Based Prospective Study." JCO Global Oncology, no. 6 (September 2020): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.19.00242.

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PURPOSE A substantial proportion of cervical cancers are diagnosed at advanced stage in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the extent and predictors of delays in cervical cancer diagnosis in Addis Ababa. PATIENTS AND METHODS We prospectively recruited 231 patients with cervical cancer diagnosed from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2018, in 7 health facilities in Addis Ababa, representing 99% of all cervical cancers recorded in the Addis Ababa population-based cancer registry. A structured questionnaire on patients’ experience was administered face to face by trained interviewers. Health-seeking intervals > 90 days (date from recognition of symptoms to medical consultation) and diagnostic intervals > 30 days (dates from medical consultation to diagnostic confirmation) were categorized as delayed. Factors associated with these delays were assessed using multivariable binary logistic regression models. RESULTS The median health-seeking and diagnostic intervals for patients with cervical cancer in Addis Ababa were 10 and 97 days, respectively. Approximately one quarter of the patients were delayed in seeking medical consultation, and three fourths of the patients had delayed diagnostic confirmation. Factors associated with health-seeking delays included poor cervical cancer awareness, practicing of religious rituals, and waiting for additional symptoms before visiting a health facility. Factors associated with diagnostic delays included first contact with primary health care units and visits to ≥ 4 different health facilities before diagnosis. CONCLUSION A considerable proportion of patients with cervical cancer in Addis Ababa have delays in seeking medical care and diagnostic conformation. These findings reinforce the need for programs to enhance awareness about cervical cancer signs and symptoms and the importance of early diagnosis in the community and among health care providers.

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Gimbel, Devon C., and Teklu Bekele Legesse. "Dermatopathology Practice in Ethiopia." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0041-ra.

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Context.—Dermatologic diseases are extremely common among the Ethiopian population and are a significant cause of morbidity. However, few studies exist in the literature that describe the incidence and clinical and histologic features of biopsied cutaneous lesions. Objectives.—To categorize the cutaneous diseases observed in skin biopsies at the All African Leprosy Rehabilitation and Training Center (ALERT) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to describe the clinical and histologic features of dermatopathologic diagnoses most frequently encountered in this practice setting. Data Sources.—Pathology reports of 2342 cutaneous specimens received at ALERT in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were reviewed to determine the range and frequency of cutaneous diseases and dermatoses diagnosed from January 2007 through December 2010. Conclusions.—The range of cutaneous diseases observed in skin biopsies at ALERT was varied and included inflammatory dermatoses (27%), infectious diseases (24%), and malignant and benign cutaneous neoplasms (22% and 20%, respectively). The most common conditions observed in this study were squamous cell carcinoma (8% of total cases), eczema (6% of total cases), leishmaniasis (6% of total cases), tuberculosis (6% of total cases), and benign nevi (4% of total cases).

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Gizaw, M., A. D. Harries, S. Ade, K. Tayler-Smith, E. Ali, N. Firdu, and H. Yifter. "Diabetes mellitus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: admissions, complications and outcomes in a large referral hospital." Public Health Action 5, no. 1 (March 21, 2015): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.14.0107.

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Bohn, J. A., D. A. Record, B. M. Kassaye, H. A. Mesfin, B. C. Chou, I. L. Kraft, J. C. Estrada, et al. "Demographic and mortality analysis of hospitalized children at a referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Annals of Global Health 82, no. 3 (August 20, 2016): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.610.

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Kebede, Binyam, Teferi Gedif, and Ashebir Getachew. "Assessment of drug use among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 18, no. 6 (March 30, 2009): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.1732.

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Birarra, Mequanent Kassa, Tigist Bacha Heye, and Workineh Shibeshi. "Assessment of drug-related problems in pediatric ward of Zewditu Memorial Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 39, no. 5 (July 8, 2017): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-017-0504-9.

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Hussein, Mintewab, Almaz Abebe, Georgios Pollakis, Margreet Brouwer, Beyene Petros, Arnaud L. Fontanet, and Tobias F. Rinke de Wit. "HIV-1 Subtype C in Commercial Sex Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 23, no. 2 (February 2000): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126334-200002010-00003.

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Hussein, Mintewab, Almaz Abebe, Georgios Pollakis, Margreet Brouwer, Beyene Petros, Arnaud L. Fontanet, and Tobias F. Rinke de Wit. "HIV-1 Subtype C in Commercial Sex Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 23, no. 2 (February 2000): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042560-200002010-00003.

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Abate, Dereje, Bineyam Taye, Mohammed Abseno, and Sibhatu Biadgilign. "Epidemiology of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance patterns and trends in tuberculosis referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." BMC Research Notes 5, no. 1 (2012): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-462.

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Rick, Tara, Biruk Habtamu, Wondemagegnhu Tigeneh, Aynalem Abreha, Yvette van Norden, Surbhi Grover, Mathewos Assefa, and Luca Incrocci. "Patterns of Care of Cancers and Radiotherapy in Ethiopia." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 5 (December 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.19.00129.

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PURPOSE Radiotherapy (RT) is an essential component of cancer treatment. There is a lack of RT services in sub-Saharan Africa as well as limited knowledge regarding clinical practices. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the patterns for RT treatment in Ethiopia. METHODS AND MATERIALS We performed a retrospective analysis of 1,823 patients treated with cobalt RT at a large referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from May 2015 through January 2018. Paper charts were reviewed for patient and treatment characteristics. Descriptive statistics were computed using SPSS (IBM, Armonk, NY). RESULTS Among patients treated for cancer, 98% (n = 1,784) were adults, 78% (n = 1,426) were female, 5% (n = 85) were HIV positive, 30% (n = 555) were from Addis Ababa, and the median age was 48 years (interquartile range [IQR], 38-58 years). Cervical cancer was the most frequent cancer treated (47%, n = 851), followed by breast cancer (15%, n = 274) and head and neck cancer (10%, n = 184). Seventy-three percent of patients (n = 1,339) presented at a late stage, and 62% (n = 1,138) received palliative RT. The wait times were the shortest for patients receiving palliative treatment (median, 0 days; IQR, 0-15 days; n = 1,138), whereas wait times were longer for patients receiving curative treatment (median, 150 days; IQR, 60-210 days; n = 685). Three percent of patients (n = 56) had documented grade 3 or 4 acute toxicity; of these, 59% (n = 33) were patients with head and neck cancer. CONCLUSION Cervical cancer accounted for half of patients treated; thus, a majority of patients were adult females. Most patients had advanced-stage cancer, and goals of care were palliative. Wait times were long for patients with curative-intent cancer as a result of low capacity for RT services.

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Tekliye, Endashaw, Tinsae Alemayehu, and Tigist Bacha. "Clinical, immunologic and virologic outcomes of children and adolescents receiving second line anti-retroviral therapy in two referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): e0249085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249085.

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Background Ethiopia launched free access for antiretroviral therapy in 2005. The number of patients on second line antiretroviral treatment has increased with each passing year. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical, immunological and virologic outcomes of children and adolescents receiving second line anti-retroviral therapy in two referral hospitals, Yekatit 12 and Zewditu Memorial Hospitals, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods This was a hospital based retrospective cohort study conducted among children and adolescents aged 18 years and less and receiving a second line antiretroviral drugs. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. Means and percentages were used for nominal variables. Statistical analysis was made using statistical software–SPSS 23.0. Kaplan Meier analysis, long rank test and multivariate Cox proportion model were used to identify factors affecting survival. Results A total of 75 children and adolescents were studied with a mean age of 13.28 years (SD: 4) with a mean treatment period on second line regimens of 35.2 months (SD: 21.8 months). Forty-eight participants were experiencing successful measures (in all three parameters) for their second line anti-retroviral treatment. Ten had virologic treatment failure while seven had died. Both treatment failure and death rates were higher within the first two years of treatment. Poor treatment adherence (Adjusted hazard ratio: 5.1 (95% CI: 1.1–23.2; p-value = 0.02)) and advanced World Health Organization clinical stage at start of the second line antiretrovirals (Adjusted hazard ratio: 7.51 (95% CI: 1.35–18.02; p-value = 0.002)) correlated significantly with survival of children and adolescents receiving treatment. Conclusions The study describes clinical, immunological and virologic outcomes of second line antiretroviral treatment in a pediatric cohort under care in two hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Poor adherence and pre-treatment advanced clinical stages were predictors of survival.

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Assefa, Endalkachew Mekonnen, and Yemane Berhane. "Delays in emergency obstetric referrals in Addis Ababa hospitals in Ethiopia: a facility-based, cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e033771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033771.

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ObjectiveTo assess where the delays occur in the referral chain of most maternal health outcomes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, based on the three-delay model.DesignThe study was a facility-based, cross-sectional study.SettingTwo public and tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa.ParticipantsAll pregnant women who were referred only for labour and delivery services after 28 weeks of gestation between December 2018 and February 2019 in Zewditu and Gandhi Memorial Hospitals.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the type of delays, from the three-delay model, which met operationally defined time. The secondary outcome was maternal health outcomes based on the three-delay model.ResultsA total of 403 pregnant women referred for delivery to the study hospitals were included in the study. Three-fourths (301, 74.7%) of the referred pregnant women experienced the third delay (delay in receiving appropriate care); 211 (52.4%) experienced the first delay (delay in making a decision to seek care). Overall 366 (90.8%) pregnant women had experienced at least one of the three delays and 71 (17.6%) experienced all three delays. Twenty-nine (7.2%) referred women had severe maternal outcomes. The leading causes/diagnoses of severe maternal outcomes were blood transfusion (17, 58.6%), followed by postpartum haemorrhage (15, 52%) and eclampsia (9, 31%). In addition, women who experienced severe maternal outcomes were 2.9 times more likely to have experienced at least one of the three delays.Conclusion and recommendationThis study highlights the persistence of delays at all levels, and especially the third delay and its contribution to severe maternal outcomes. We recommend strengthening the health referral systems and addressing specific health system bottlenecks during labour and birth in order to ensure no mother is endangered. We also recommend conducting a qualitative method of study (focus group discussion and indepth interview) and observing tertiary hospitals’ set-up and readiness to manage obstetric emergencies.

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Getahun, Belete, Gobena Ameni, Girmay Medhin, and Sibhatu Biadgilign. "Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 17, no. 5 (September 2013): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2012.12.010.

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Tamrat, Girmaye, Mensur Osman, Nigussie Deyessa, Mulat Taye, Ronald Lett, and Abebe Bekele. "Delay of emergency surgical interventions in Ethiopia: Patient and health system factors." East and Central African Journal of Surgery 23, no. 2 (September 28, 2018): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ecajs.v23i2.2.

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Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate outcomes among patients with acute abdomen and abdominal trauma who presented at either of 2 referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to determine the factors associated with delay as well as the effects of prehospital and in-hospital delay on outcome. Methods: We conducted a 1-year prospective cross-sectional study, which included all cases of surgically treated acute abdomen and abdominal trauma admitted to St Paul General Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Gondar University Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia. Standardized data collection forms were completed for all cases from 1 May 2008 to 30 April 2009. Data were analyzed using Epi Info version 6 and SPSS version 13. Results: A total of 504 patients were studied. Diagnoses were: intestinal obstruction (34.6 %), appendicitis (33 %), and perforated peptic ulcer (3.6 %). Sixty-six percent of patients over 45 years of age, 60% of females, and 61% of intestinal obstruction cases were operated on within 3 days of illness onset. The 35% of patients who were operated on more than 3 days after the development of symptoms had a mortality of 67%. Fifty-four percent of the cases with a total prehospital and in-hospital time of more than 3 days had initially visited other health institutions. Conclusions: Delay of surgical intervention of more than 3 days for acute abdomen or abdominal trauma adversely affected outcomes. Women, patients older than 45 years of age, patients with intestinal obstruction, and those who were referred from other health facilities were delayed and had adverse outcomes. Keywords: delay in surgery; acute abdomen; abdominal trauma; surgical systems improvement

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Tenna, Admasu, Edward A. Stenehjem, Lindsay Margoles, Ermias Kacha, Henry M. Blumberg, and Russell R. Kempker. "Infection Control Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Healthcare Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 34, no. 12 (December 2013): 1289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/673979.

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Objective.To better understand hospital infection control practices in Ethiopia.Design.A cross-sectional evaluation of healthcare worker (HCW) knowledge, attitudes, and practices about hand hygiene and tuberculosis (TB) infection control measures.Methods.An anonymous 76-item questionnaire was administered to HCWs at 2 university hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Knowledge items were scored as correct/incorrect. Attitude and practice items were assessed using a Likert scale.Results.In total, 261 surveys were completed by physicians (51%) and nurses (49%). Fifty-one percent of respondents were male; mean age was 30 years. While hand hygiene knowledge was fair, self-reported practice was suboptimal. Physicians reported performing hand hygiene 7% and 48% before and after patient contact, respectively. Barriers for performing hand hygiene included lack of hand hygiene agents (77%), sinks (30%), and proper training (50%) as well as irritation and dryness (67%) caused by hand sanitizer made in accordance with the World Health Organization formulation. TB infection control knowledge was excellent (more than 90% correct). Most HCWs felt that they were at high risk for occupational acquisition of TB (71%) and that proper TB infection control can prevent nosocomial transmission (92%). Only 12% of HCWs regularly wore a mask when caring for TB patients. Only 8% of HCWs reported that masks were regularly available, and 76% cited a lack of infrastructure to isolate suspected/known TB patients.Conclusions.Training HCWs about the importance and proper practice of hand hygiene along with improving hand sanitizer options may improve patient safety. Additionally, enhanced infrastructure is needed to improve TB infection control practices and allay HCW concerns about acquiring TB in the hospital.

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Debalkie Atnafu, Desta. "Healthcare Waste Composition and Generation Rate in Menellik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study." International Journal of Sustainability Management and Information Technologies 3, no. 2 (2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsmit.20170302.11.

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Tadele, N. "Evaluation of quality of life of adult cancer patients attending Tikur Anbessa specialized referral hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia." Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences 25, no. 1 (February 10, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v25i1.8.

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Tamene, M., A. Tsegaye, A. Birhanu, B. Taye, and M. Birhaneselassie. "Assessment of transfusion utilization and patient outcomes at the largest referral and university hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." ISBT Science Series 11, no. 1 (March 28, 2016): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/voxs.12234.

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Emirie, Molalign, and M. K. Sharma. "Determinants of Intraocular Pressure of Glaucoma Patients: A Case Study at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research 10 (February 26, 2021): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2021.10.04.

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The main theme of the paper is the well-known problem of glaucoma which is the main cause of blindness worldwide and is also considered a major public health issue. It is usually associated with intraocular pressure above the normal range. The normal range is considered to be 10-21mmHg. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for the development and/or progression of glaucoma, and intraocular pressure reduction is a well-known treatment strategy for slowing the progression of the disease. The objective of this article is to identify factors/covariates which affect intraocular pressure on glaucoma patients taking into consideration various demographic, socio-economic, and clinical factors. A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted; the study was based on data from all glaucoma patients who visit at least 3 times repeatedly six waves from January 2016 to December 2018 at Menelik II Referral Hospital Eye Clinic. Profile plots, univariate and multivariate linear mixed effect models were used to explore the major risk factors for the progression of intraocular pressure of a patient. The predictor variables gender (p-value=0.0218), occupation (p-value=0.0025), blood pressure (p-value, 0.0263), diabetes (p-value=0.0139), ocular problem (p-value=0.0290) and type of treatment (p-value=0.0176) found statistically significant effects on intraocular pressure of glaucoma patient. The interaction effects, i.e. time with age (p-value<.0001), time with ocular problem (p-value=0.0002), time with cataract surgery (p-value=0.0002), time with duration of treatment (p-value=0.0014) and time with type of treatment (p-value=0.0262) were found statistically significant on intraocular pressure of glaucoma patient.

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Gebrekidan, Gezahegn, Gezahegn Tesfaye, Mitiku Teshome Hambisa, and Negussie Deyessa. "Quality of Tuberculosis Care in Private Health Facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/720432.

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Ensuring provision of good quality tuberculosis (TB) care, especially in private for profit health facilities, is an important component of TB control strategy to reduce poor medical practice which results in multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The aim of this study was to investigate quality of TB care in private health facilities of Addis Ababa. A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted based on Donabedian’s structure-process-outcome model of health care quality. Quality of care was determined by adherence to National TB Program guidelines, treatment success rate, and client satisfaction. Exit interview was conducted on 292 patients on the intensive phase of treatment and 384 patient records were reviewed in eight private health facilities. Initial diagnostic AFB test was done for 95.4% of pulmonary TB patients. Most important components of TB care recommended by national guidelines were delivered for a significant proportion of patients. Majority (75%) of the clients were found to be satisfied with each component of TB care. The treatment success rate was 90.9%. The quality of TB care was fairly good. However, only 77.7% of the patients were counseled for HIV testing. Strengthening HIV counseling and testing, tackling shortage of streptomycin and laboratory reagent at private TB clinic is crucial.

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Kuzma, Tamara. "O-OBS-JM-014 Caesarean Sections in a National Referral Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Trends, Predictors and Outcomes." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 39, no. 5 (May 2017): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2017.03.043.

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Tiku, Seble. "Awareness on Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Among Antenatal Care Clients in Federal Police Referral Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." American Journal of Health Research 3, no. 6 (2015): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.18.

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Tiruneh, Mesafint Abeje, and Birhanu Teshome Ayele. "Practice of code of ethics and associated factors among medical doctors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 13, no. 8 (August 8, 2018): e0201020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201020.

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Gebremariam, Alem, Adamu Addissie, Alemayehu Worku, Selamawit Hirpa, Mathewos Assefa, Lydia E. Pace, Eva Johanna Kantelhardt, and Ahmedin Jemal. "Breast and cervical cancer patients’ experience in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia: a follow-up study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 4 (April 2019): e027034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027034.

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IntroductionCancer is an emerging public health problem in Ethiopia, with breast and cervical cancers accounting for over half of all newly diagnosed cancers in women. The majority of women with breast and cervical cancer are diagnosed at late stage of the disease and most patients do not receive care consistent with global standards. However, little is known about the health-seeking behaviours, barriers to early detection and treatment, patient-reported outcomes, financial burden and survival of women with breast and cervical cancer in the country. Therefore, this study aims to document the experience of women with breast and cervical cancer from recognition of symptoms to diagnosis, treatment and survivorship/mortality in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia.Methods and analysisA prospective follow-up study using mixed methods (both quantitative and qualitative) will be employed. All women newly diagnosed with breast and cervical cancer from 1 January, 2017 to 30 June 2018 in Addis Ababa will be included in the study. Interviewer-administered questionnaires will be used to collect information about medical consultations after recognition of symptoms, health-seeking behaviours, treatment received, barriers to early detection and treatment, and survivorship care. In-depth interview will be conducted on purposefully selected women with breast and cervical cancer. The primary outcomes of the study are time intervals (patient and diagnostic waiting times), stage at diagnosis and survival. Multivariable analysis will be employed to determine the contributions of independent variables on the outcomes of interest. HRs with 95% CIs will be calculated for time-to-event outcomes. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol is ethically approved by Institutional Review Board of Addis Ababa University. Verbal informed consent will be obtained from study participants. Results will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals and presented in relevant conferences.

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Mulat, M., T. Desta, and D. Birri. "Food safety knowledge and practice among food handlers in Yeka Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 101 (December 2020): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1097.

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Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Zufan Sisay, Sibhatu Biadgilign, and Woldaregay Erku Abegaz. "Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections among antiretroviral-naive and -experienced HIV co-infected adults." Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.063321-0.

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Most HIV positive people have not been tested for viral hepatitis and their treatments have not been optimized for possible co-infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the serological pattern of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among antiretroviral (ARV)-naive and -experienced HIV co-infected adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 500 frozen HIV positive serum and plasma samples collected from ARV-naive (n = 250) and -experienced (n = 250) adults were randomly selected and screened for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg and anti-HCV using rapid two-site sandwich immunochromatographic assay. The test was performed at Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University. Positive specimens for HBsAg and anti-HCV markers were further confirmed using third generation ELISA. Of the 500 specimens tested, 15 (3 %), 58 (11.6 %), 3 (0.6 %), 18 (3.6 %), 3 (0.6 %) and 1 (0.2 %) were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. No specimen tested positive for both HBeAg and anti-HBs, and 442 (88.4 %) individuals were non-immune to HBV. Of the 250 ARV-naive individuals, 8 (3.2 %), 33 (13.2 %), 2 (0.8 %), 10 (4 %), 2 (0.8 %), and 1 (0.4 %) were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. Of the 250 ARV-experienced individuals, 7 (2.8 %), 25 (10 %), 1 (0.4 %), 8 (3.2 %), 1 (0.4 %), and 0 (0 %) were positive for HBsAg, Anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. In summary, seroprevalence of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections was lower in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, than in Sub-Saharan Africa and globally. HBV and HCV infections were not significantly different between HIV positive subjects who were or who were not on ARV. This suggests that the two groups have equal chance of being infected with these two viruses; despite this, disease progression could be different.

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Yifter, Helen, Afrah Omer, Seid Gugsa, Abebaw Fekadu, Abraham Kebede, Tewodros Gebremariam, Addisu Melkie, and Negussie Deyessa. "Early detection and management of major non-communicable diseases in urban primary healthcare facilities in Ethiopia: a study protocol for a type-3 hybrid implementation-effectiveness design." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e040564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040564.

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IntroductionIntegrating early detection and management of non-communicable diseases in primary healthcare has an unprecedented role in making healthcare more accessible particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. This study aims to design, implement and evaluate an evidence-based intervention guided by the HEARTS technical package and implementation guide to address barriers and facilitators of integrating early detection and management of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in primary healthcare settings of Addis Ababa.MethodologyWe will employ a type-3 hybrid implementation-effectiveness study from November 2020 to May 2022. This study will target patients ≥40 years of age. Ten health centres will be randomly selected from each subcity of Addis Ababa. The study will have four phases: (1) Baseline situational analysis (PEN facility-capacity assessment, 150 observations of patient healthcare provider interactions and 697 patient medical record reviews), (2) Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) inspired qualitative assessment of barriers and facilitators (20 in-depth interviews of key stakeholders), (3) Design of intervention protocol. The intervention will have capacity enhancement components including training of non-communicabledisease (NCDservice providers, provision of essential equipment/supporting materials and monthly monitoring and feedback and (4) Implementation monitoring and evaluation phase using the RE-AIM (reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation and maintenance) framework. Outcomes on early detection and management of NCDs will be assessed to examine the effectiveness of the study.Ethics and dissemination planEthical clearance was obtained from the Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences Institutional Review Board and Addis Ababa Health Bureau. We plan to present the findings from this research in conferences and publish them in peer-reviewed journals.

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Worku, Fikru, and Dagmawit Tewahido. "Retrospective Assessment of Antibiotics Prescribing at Public Primary Healthcare Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4323769.

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Background. Antibiotic overprescribing is the major driving force for the emergence of antibiotics resistance. The aim of this study was to assess antibiotics prescribing at primary healthcare facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. The study was conducted in six public health centers found in Addis Ababa City. Data was collected retrospectively from a total of 900 prescriptions and selected medical charts of patients in the health centers in 2016. Data was entered and analyzed using EPI Info 7 and SPSS 20, respectively. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results. One or more antibiotics were prescribed in 56.0% of the prescriptions. Antibiotics accounted for 46.0% of the total cost of medicines prescribed. Amoxicillin was the most frequently (44.8%) prescribed antibiotic and upper respiratory tract infection was the most common (24.5%) diagnosis for prescribing antibiotics. Laboratory investigation was done for only about 27% of the cases for which antibiotics were prescribed. Conclusion. There was a high rate of antibiotics prescribing in the health centers often empirically which might exacerbate the antimicrobial resistance situation in the country. Large-scale study should be conducted to fully understand the prescribing pattern and identify the associated factors thereby design and implement appropriate interventions.

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Araya, Shambel, Abebe Edao Negesso, and Zemenu Tamir. "Rifampicin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Among Patients with Presumptive Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Infection and Drug Resistance Volume 13 (October 2020): 3451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/idr.s263023.

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Wondimu, Sahilu, and Berhanu Nega. "The Surgical Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: The Experience in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Tertiary Referral and Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." East and Central African Journal of Surgery 21, no. 3 (January 23, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ecajs.v21i3.10.

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Tizazu, A., and B. Nega. "A 3- Year Review of Patients with Chronic Empyema Treated Surgically at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." East and Central African Journal of Surgery 21, no. 3 (January 23, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ecajs.v21i3.5.

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Bizuwork, Ketema, Haile Alemayehu, Girmay Medhin, Wondwossen Amogne, and Tadesse Eguale. "Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Prevalence, Causal Agents, and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (July 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8418043.

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Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASBU) is an important health problem among pregnant women, particularly in low-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ASBU and potential risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care centers in Addis Ababa. It also aimed to identify causal bacterial pathogens and to assess their antimicrobial susceptibility. A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2019. Urine samples from a total of 281 pregnant women with no symptoms of urinary tract infection were tested for ASBU. Women whose urine samples carried greater than or equal to 105 colony-forming units (CFU) of bacteria per milliliter of urine when grown on plate count agar were considered positive for ASBU. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from urine samples of women with ASBU using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was investigated using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method on Muller–Hinton agar plates. Of 281 pregnant women examined, 44 (15.7%) were positive for ASBU. Logistic regression analysis of the putative risk factors tested in the current study showed that none of them were significantly associated with the occurrence of ASBU ( p > 0.05 ). The most frequently isolated bacterial species were Escherichia coli 17 (30.2%), Proteus 13 (23.2%), and Enterococcus 11 (19.6%). All of the E. coli, Citrobacter, and Klebsiella isolates and 84.6% of Proteus were resistant to ampicillin. All bacterial isolates were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. Resistance to three or more antimicrobials was detected in 15 (88.2%) of E. coli, 13 (100%) of Proteus, and 8 (72.7%) of Enterococcus isolates. Resistance to as many as 7 antimicrobials among E. coli, 8 antimicrobials among Proteus, and 7 antimicrobials among Enterococcus isolates was recorded. Detection of ASBU in a substantial number of pregnant women in this study warrants the need for a detailed study on possible risks of developing symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) and associated complications. Multidrug resistance to several antimicrobials was observed in the majority of bacterial isolates. Regular assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens to commonly prescribed antimicrobials and implementation of prudent use of antimicrobials are recommended.

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Wondimu, Sahlu, Solomon Bekele, Dawit G. Giorgis, Feron Getachew, and Nebyou Seyoum. "Pattern of surgical admissions to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A five-year retrospective study." East and Central African Journal of Surgery 23, no. 2 (September 28, 2018): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ecajs.v23i2.3.

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Background: Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital (TASH) is Ethiopia’s largest tertiary teaching and referral hospital admitting and treating surgical patients under various specialties. This study aims to analyze the magnitude and pattern of surgical admissions to this facility. Methods: A five-year Cross sectional retrospective analysis was done on all adult surgical admissions to TASH from Sept. 2010 to Sept. 2015. Results: There were a total of 8,698 surgical admissions of which, 4471 (51.4%) were male and 4227 (48.5%) were female with male to female ratio of 1.06:1. Their age ranged from 13 to 95, with mean age being 38.8 ± 16.2 years. Three thousand two hundred twenty two (46.5%) patients were from Addis Ababa. Of all admissions, 4706 (54.1%) were elective ones of which obstructive uropathy, 997(21.1%), esophageal diseases, 716(15.2%) and Urolithiasis, 573(12.2%) respectively are the top three. The rest, 3992 (44.9%), were emergency admissions, the top three ones being trauma, 1435(35.9%), appendicitis 281(7%) and Intestinal obstruction, 190(4.7%) respectively. General surgical (gastrointestinal, endocrine and vascular) cases account for 3414 (39.25%) of all admissions followed by urosurgical cases, 2114 (25.31%), cardiothoracic surgical cases, 1942 (22.33%), and neurosurgical cases, 1139 (13.1%). There were a total of 280 deaths with an overall mortality rate of 4% of which, 3.2% were from elective admissions and 5.2% from emergency ones. Mortality rate was the highest among neurosurgical patients being 6.3% followed by 4.3%, 3.8% and 3.5% in cardiothoracic, general surgical and urosurgical cases respectively. Conclusions: The admission pattern indicates quite a big number and diversity of cases though the bed capacity is limited. There are significant number of cases that could be treated at other secondary level hospitals. Trauma is the leading cause of emergency admissions and significant cause of mortality. We recommend increasing the number of beds, organizing separate trauma center and admitting only cases requiring tertiary level care. Keywords: pattern of surgical diseases; surgical admissions; Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital

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Aynalem, Getasew A., Tadesse A. Bekele, and Feven A. Alemayehu. "Drug use evaluation of vancomycin at medical ward of Yekatit 12, hospital medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018." International Journal of Scientific Reports 6, no. 10 (September 21, 2020): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20204029.

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Background: Drug use evaluation is an ongoing systematic process designed to maintain the appropriate medication during & after dispensing in order to assure appropriate therapeutic decision making and positive patient outcome.Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted to analyze drug use of vancomycin by using medication charts and medical note of patients that were admitted in the medical ward of Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Patients who were admitted from medical ward and whose age were ≥18 years were eligible provided that they take Vancomycin during the study period were included and Patients with medical records of insufficient or illegible information’s were excluded. Structured check list was used for data collection, and the sample size was 169. Convenience sampling technique was used. Results: Among 169 patients 136 (80.5%) had empiric treatments, the remaining 33 (19.5%) had specific treatments. Among 169 patients 61 (36.1%) had Infection during his/her stay in hospital of which 47 (77%) were hospital acquired pneumonia, 169 patients 39 (23.08%) had Vancomycin indication for hospital acquired pneumonia followed by 21 (12.4%), 21 (12.4%), meningitis and PCP respectively. The finding indicated that only 135 (79.9%) were appropriate regarding frequency, 124 (73.4%) were appropriate regarding dose, 104 (61.6%) were appropriate regarding duration, and the appropriate indication were only 128 (75.7%).Conclusions: Vancomycine was mostly indicated as empiric therapy and only 135 (79.9%) were appropriately prescribed with respect to frequency, 128 (75.7%) were appropriate regarding indication and 124 (73.4%) were appropriate regarding to dose, 104 (61.6%) were appropriate regarding to duration. All physicians should prescribe drugs according to the guidelines.

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Yasin, Chaltu, Ayele Geleto, and Yemane Berhane. "Referral linkage among public health facilities in Ethiopia: A qualitative explanatory study of facilitators and barriers for emergency obstetric referral in Addis Ababa city administration." Midwifery 79 (December 2019): 102528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2019.08.010.

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Bekele, Y. Y., A. J. Flisher, A. Alem, and Y. Baheretebeb. "Pathways to psychiatric care in Ethiopia." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 3 (July 8, 2008): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708003929.

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BackgroundUnderstanding the pathways to psychiatric care and recognition of delay points are crucial for the development of interventions that aim to improve access to mental health-care services.MethodOver a 2-month period in 2003, a total of 1044 patients at the commencement of new episodes of care at Amanuel Specialized Mental Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia were interviewed using the encounter form that was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the study of pathways to psychiatric care.ResultsThe mental hospital was contacted directly by 41% of patients. The remaining patients sought care from up to four different caregivers before arriving at the psychiatric hospital. Where the initial service was not received at the psychiatric hospital, 30.9% of patients sought care from priests/holy water/church. The median delay between onset of illness and arrival at the psychiatric hospital was 38 weeks. The longest delays before arriving at the mental hospital were associated with having no formal education, joblessness, and diagnoses of epilepsy and physical conditions.ConclusionsImplementing a robust referral system and establishing a strong working relationship with both traditional and modern health-care providers, as well as designing a service delivery model that targets particular segments of the population, such as those who are uneducated, jobless and/or suffer from epilepsy and somatic conditions, should be the most important strategies towards improving mental health service delivery and shortening of undue delay for patients receiving psychiatric care in Ethiopia.

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Kassu, Afework, Aster Tsegaye, Beyene Petros, Dawit Wolday, Ermias Hailu, Tesfaye Tilahun, Binyam Hailu, et al. "Distribution of Lymphocyte Subsets in Healthy Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Adult Ethiopians from Two Geographic Locales." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8, no. 6 (November 1, 2001): 1171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.8.6.1171-1176.2001.

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ABSTRACT Immunological values for 562 factory workers from Wonji, Ethiopia, a sugar estate 114 km southeast of the capital city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were compared to values for 218 subjects from Akaki, Ethiopia, a suburb of Addis Ababa, for whom partial data were previously published. The following markers were measured: lymphocytes, T cells, B cells, NK cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells. A more in depth comparison was also made between Akaki and Wonji subjects. For this purpose, various differentiation and activation marker (CD45RA, CD27, HLA-DR, and CD38) expressions on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were studied in 60 male, human immunodeficiency virus-negative subjects (30 from each site). Data were also compared with Dutch blood donor control values. The results confirmed that Ethiopians have significantly decreased CD4+ T-cell counts and highly activated immune status, independent of the geographic locale studied. They also showed that male subjects from Akaki have significantly higher CD8+ T-cell counts, resulting in a proportional increase in each of the CD8+ T-cell compartments studied: naı̈ve (CD45RA+CD27+), memory (CD45RA−CD27+), cytotoxic effector (CD45RA+CD27−), memory/effector (CD45RA−CD27−), activated (HLA-DR+CD38+), and resting (HLA-DR−CD38−). No expansion of a specific functional subset was observed. Endemic infection or higher immune activation is thus not a likely cause of the higher CD8 counts in the Akaki subjects. The data confirm and extend earlier observations and suggest that, although most lymphocyte subsets are comparable between the two geographical locales, there are also differences. Thus, care should be taken in extrapolating immunological reference values from one population group to another.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical referral – Ethiopia – Addis Ababa'

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