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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical statistics Medical geography'
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Gatrell, Tony. "Medical statistics on personal computers." Health & Place 1, no. 2 (June 1995): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1353-8292(95)90011-x.
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Kennedy, Susan. "A geographic regression model for medical statistics." Social Science & Medicine 26, no. 1 (January 1988): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(88)90051-2.
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Kalantarzadeh, Mohammad Mehdi, and Mukaddes Fasli. "Branding Cities Through Medical Tourism." Open House International 43, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2018-b0012.
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This study investigates the relationship between medical tourism and city branding as the main purpose. To this end, two measurement scales (questionnaires) were designed and validated. The data obtained through the questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as structural equation modeling via SPSS and LISREL. The study was done in the city of Shiraz which is a famous tourist destination worldwide and has high capacities in medical tourism as well. Participants included scholars and managerial staff in the fields of medical tourism and city branding. The results confirmed that the four underlying factors of medical tourism include medical facilities and services, doctors and staff, tourism factors and costs. Furthermore, city branding was confirmed to be comprised of three underlying factors including place and facilities, opportunities, and residents and culture. Finally, according to the findings from Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method of assessment branding in shiraz it was found that medical tourism affects directly on city branding.
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Ruben, I., Cristina Preda, and Liliana Ana Tuta. "Spatial statistics detect clustering patterns of kidney diseases in south-eastern Romania." ARS Medica Tomitana 22, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsm-2016-0002.
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Abstract Medical geography was conceptualized almost ten years ago due to its obvious usefulness in epidemiological research. Still, numerous diseases in many regions were neglected in these aspects of research, and the prevalence of kidney diseases in Eastern Europe is such an example. We evaluated the spatial patterns of main kidney diseases in south-eastern Romania, and highlighted the importance of spatial modeling in medical management in Romania. We found two statistically significant hotspots of kidney diseases prevalence. We also found differences in the spatial patterns between categories of diseases. We propose to speed up the process of creating a national database of records on kidney diseases. Offering the researchers access to a national database will allow further epidemiology studies in Romania and finally lead to a better management of medical services.
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Rusanova, Nina E. "Assisted reproductive technologies in Russia: medical breakthroughs and social problems." Population and Economics 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.4.e58271.
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The paper considers the role of assisted reproductive technologies in changing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Russian fertility. The author analyzes the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of ART in Russia in 1986-2020, their public perception and current problems based on the data of national ART registers, reviews of international professional associations of reproductive specialists, secondary sociological information and hospital statistics. The general trend is the expansion of the geography of reproductive centers and the diversification of services, but the growing demand for ART as methods of alternative conception in the absence of reproductive disorders intensifies public debate around them, especially in the context of religion and children’s health. Nevertheless, in conditions of low fertility, the state considers ART as instruments of a pronatal demographic policy and finances them even against the backdrop of the coronavirus pandemic.
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Musa, George J., Po-Huang Chiang, Tyler Sylk, Rachel Bavley, William Keating, Bereketab Lakew, Hui-Chen Tsou, and Christina W. Hoven. "Use of GIS Mapping as a Public Health Tool–-From Cholera to Cancer." Health Services Insights 6 (January 2013): HSI.S10471. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/hsi.s10471.
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The field of medical geographic information systems (Medical GIS) has become extremely useful in understanding the bigger picture of public health. The discipline holds a substantial capacity to understand not only differences, but also similarities in population health all over the world. The main goal of marrying the disciplines of medical geography, public health and informatics is to understand how countless health issues impact populations, and the trends by which these populations are affected. From the 1990s to today, this practical approach has become a valued and progressive system in analyzing medical and epidemiological phenomena ranging from cholera to cancer. The instruments supporting this field include geographic information systems (GIS), disease surveillance, big data, and analytical approaches like the Geographical Analysis Machine (GAM), Dynamic Continuous Area Space Time Analysis (DYCAST), cellular automata, agent-based modeling, spatial statistics and self-organizing maps. The positive effects on disease mapping have proven to be tremendous as these instruments continue to have a great impact on the mission to improve worldwide health care. While traditional uses of GIS in public health are static and lacking real-time components, implementing a space-time animation in these instruments will be monumental as technology and data continue to grow.
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Nordt, Sean Patrick, Lisa E. Vivero, and Daniel Joseph. "Differences in Medical Marijuana Card Registration by Geographic Regions in California." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 14, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v14i1.1866.
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California was the first state to legalize marijuana for medical purposes. Individuals are issued identification card for medical marijuana use for patients with chronic medical conditions if directed by a physician. Surveys have suggested there are regional differences between northern California residents, particularly the Bay Area, and southern California residents with respect to medical marijuana use and legalization. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the California Department of Public Health statistics regarding medical marijuana card registrations over various geographic areas of California. The California Department of Public Health Medical Marijuana Card Registration database reflects this with more individuals in the Bay Area registered compared to those in the ten southernmost counties of California. The reasons for this are unclear but could fall along political party lines as more registered Democrats support medical marijuana legalization compared to registered Republicans. The benefits of medical marijuana and potential adverse medical and socioeconomic effects have not been fully elucidated. Conclusion: There is a need for further study of the potential benefits for medical marijuana use and the reasons for apparent regional different beliefs of medical marijuana use and medical marijuana card registration.
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ALONSO, NIVALDO, BENJAMIN B. MASSENBURG, RAFAEL GALLI, LUCAS SOBRADO, and DARIO BIROLINI. "Surgery in Brazilian Health Care: funding and physician distribution." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 44, no. 2 (April 2017): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-69912017002016.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze demographic Brazilian medical data from the national public healthcare system (SUS), which provides free universal health coverage for the entire population, and discuss the problems revealed, with particular focus on surgical care. Methods: data was obtained from public healthcare databases including the Medical Demography, the Brazilian Federal Council of Medicine, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and the National Database of Healthcare Establishments. Density and distribution of the medical workforce and healthcare facilities were calculated, and the geographic regions were analyzed using the public private inequality index. Results: Brazil has an average of two physicians for every 1,000 inhabitants, who are unequally distributed throughout the country. There are 22,276 board certified general surgeons in Brazil (11.49 for every 100,000 people). The country currently has 257 medical schools, with 25,159 vacancies for medical students each year, with only around 13,500 vacancies for residency. The public private inequality index is 3.90 for the country, and ranges from 1.63 in the Rio de Janeiro up to 12.06 in Bahia. Conclusions: A significant part of the local population still faces many difficulties in accessing surgical care, particularly in the north and northeast of the country, where there are fewer hospitals and surgeons. Physicians and surgeons are particularly scarce in the public health system nationwide, and better incentives are needed to ensure an equal public and private workforce.
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Silva, Ana Carolina Vieira da, Dannielle Fernandes Godoi, and Fabricio Souza Neves. "Medical schools in Brasil: population, economic and historical analysis." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, no. 2 (February 2020): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.2.194.
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SUMMARY BACKGROUND To describe the current distribution and historical evolution of undergraduate courses in medicine in Brasil. METHODS Analytical cross-sectional study of secondary data. Through the Ministry of Education, the data of the medical courses were obtained, and through the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the population and economic data of the Brazilian states were obtained. RESULTS In Brasil, there were 298 medical courses (1,42 courses / million inhabitants) in January 2018, totaling 31,126 vacancies per year, with 9,217 gratuitous vacancies (29.6%) and 17,963 vacancies in the hinterland (57, 7%). In Brazilian states, there are positive and statistically significant (p <0.001) correlations of the variables: “vacancies” and “population” (R 0.92); “vacancies” and “gross domestic product” (“GDP”) (R 0.83); “percentage of vacancies in the hinterland” and “population in the hinterland” (R 0.71) and “percentage of vacancies in the hinterland” and “GDP” (R 0.64). There was a negative and statistically significant correlation between “gratuitous vacancy percentage” and “GDP” (R -0.54, p = 0.003). More paid courses than gratuitous courses and more courses in the hinterland than in the capitals have been created since 1964, in proportions that have remained similar since then, but in higher numbers since 2002. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of medical courses in Brasil correlates with the population and economical production of each state. The expansion of Brazilian medical education, which has been accelerated since 2002, is based mainly on paid courses in the hinterland, in the same pattern since 1964.
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Kuznetsov, I., E. Panidi, A. Kolesnikov, P. Kikin, V. Korovka, and V. Galkin. "GIS-BASED INFECTIOUS DISEASE DATA MANAGEMENT ON A CITY SCALE, CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 22, 2020): 1463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-1463-2020.
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Abstract. Medical geography and medical cartography can be denoted as classical application domains for Geographical Information Systems (GISs). GISs can be applied to retrospective analysis (e.g., human population health analysis, medical infrastructure development and availability assessment, etc.), and to operative disaster detection and management (e.g., monitoring of epidemics development and infectious diseases spread). Nevertheless, GISs still not a daily-used instrument of medical administrations, especially on the city and municipality scales. In different regions of the world situation varies, however in general case GIS-based medical data accounting and management is the object of interest for researchers and national administrations operated on global and national scales. Our study is focused onto the investigation and design of the methodology and software prototype for GIS-based support of medical administration and planning on a city scale when accounting and controlling infectious diseases. The study area is the administrative territory of the St. Petersburg (Russia). The study is based upon the medical statistics data and data collection system of the St. Petersburg city. All the medical data used in the study are impersonalized accordingly to the Russian laws.
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Vieira, Melissa De Carvalho Souza, Allana Alexandre Cardoso, and Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo Guimarães. "Sintomas do envelhecimento masculino: a influência positiva da atividade física moderada e total." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 18, no. 4 (September 19, 2016): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n4p460.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n4p460 The aim of the research was to analyze the association of physical activity (PA) intensity and duration with male aging symptoms. This is a cross-sectional study of probabilistic sample involving 416 men from two cities in southern Brazil. Data collection used a questionnaire divided into six parts: sample characteristics; anthropometric measurements; economic level by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE); International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short-version); Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System Questionnaire (BRFSS) and Male Aging Symptoms Scale (AMS). The sample was divided into two groups: with and without male aging symptoms, making use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The presence of male aging symptoms was identified in 61.6% of men, especially somatic and psychological symptoms. Most were considered sufficiently active (60.1%), highlighting men without male aging symptoms (p = 0.026), with a possible effect of moderate and total PA on low-intensity symptoms (p = 0.027; p = 0.015). This study identified relationships between PA duration and intensity and intensity of male aging symptoms. PA practice with specific intensity and duration is suggested in order to obtain health benefits related to male aging symptoms.
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Pantazos, Kostas, Soren Lauesen, and Soren Lippert. "Preserving medical correctness, readability and consistency in de-identified health records." Health Informatics Journal 23, no. 4 (May 19, 2016): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458216647760.
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A health record database contains structured data fields that identify the patient, such as patient ID, patient name, e-mail and phone number. These data are fairly easy to de-identify, that is, replace with other identifiers. However, these data also occur in fields with doctors’ free-text notes written in an abbreviated style that cannot be analyzed grammatically. If we replace a word that looks like a name, but isn’t, we degrade readability and medical correctness. If we fail to replace it when we should, we degrade confidentiality. We de-identified an existing Danish electronic health record database, ending up with 323,122 patient health records. We had to invent many methods for de-identifying potential identifiers in the free-text notes. The de-identified health records should be used with caution for statistical purposes because we removed health records that were so special that they couldn’t be de-identified. Furthermore, we distorted geography by replacing zip codes with random zip codes.
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Dudko, Yevgeni, Dennis E. Robey, Estie Kruger, and Marc Tennant. "Identifying and Ranking Areas of Relative Need for New Public Dental Clinics Using a State-of-the-Art Data Simulation Approach." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 12, no. 1 (April 25, 2017): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v12i1.91.
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Background: Lower socioeconomic groups and country residents are more likely to experience dental disease. Previous research has found that it is generally more cost effective to provide subsidised dental care through publically employed dentists when compared to subcontracting the work out to the private sector.
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to identify and rank areas of relative need for new public dental care facilities across Australia. The secondary objective was to gauge how many of these areas arelocated in the vicinity of an existing public hospital (medical) with a view to utilise existing infrastructure for future service rollout.
Methods: Usual resident population, employment status and socioeconomic distribution data was downloaded from the Australian Bureau of Statistics website at Statistical Area 1 level. A mathematical weighing formula was applied to those variables, which subsequently allowed for ranking of the results based on magnitude of the product values. The findings were considered in terms of proximity to existing public health infrastructure.
Results: A total of 49 SA1 areas were identified and preselected as potential sites for new public dental clinics across Australia. Eighty per cent of the identified areas of relative need were located outside metropolitanareas. Fifty per cent of those were found to be in close proximity to an existing public hospital (medical).
Conclusion: Offering subsidised dental care through existing public hospitals may be an option. Such an approach has a potential to improve access to subsidised dental care in regional centres while minimising capitalexpenditure on infrastructure.
Abbreviations: ABS – Australian Bureau of Statistics; ASGS – Australian Statistical Geography Standard; SEIFA – Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas
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Khan, Zubeda. "Selected Correlates of Morbidity in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 4II (December 1, 1992): 1037–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4iipp.1037-1049.
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The study of morbidity from the point of view of demographic analysis refers to the incidence and prevalence of sickness in the population during a certain reference period. Morbidity being the state of condition from which people may return to normal health or, subject to the seriousness of illness, may in some cases die. Though from the point of view of medical discipline any deviation from normal health i.e. a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, is of direct concern for research. The morbidity statistics for which data have become available for a national level statistical or demographic analysis, refers to inability to perform the usual daily routine, inability to take normal food and requiring bed rest for a specific period of time.
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Gromis, Ashley, and Ka-Yuet Liu. "The Emergence of Spatial Clustering in Medical Vaccine Exemptions Following California Senate Bill 277, 2015–2018." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 7 (July 2020): 1084–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305607.
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Objectives. To understand how the elimination of nonmedical vaccine exemptions through California Senate Bill 277 (SB277) may have resulted in increased spatial clustering of medical exemptions. Methods. We used spatial scan statistics and negative binomial regression models to examine spatial clustering in medical vaccine exemptions in California kindergartens from 2015 to 2018. Results. Spatial clustering of medical exemptions across schools emerged following SB277. Clusters were located in similar geographic areas to previous clusters of nonmedical vaccine exemptions, suggesting a spatial association between high nonmedical exemption prevalence and increasing rates of medical exemptions. Regression results confirmed this positive association at the local level. The sociodemographic characteristics of the neighborhoods in which schools were located explained some, but not all, of the positive spatial associations between exemptions before and after SB277. Conclusions. Elimination of nonmedical vaccine exemptions via SB277 may have prompted some parents to instead seek medical exemptions to required school vaccines. The spatial association of these 2 types of exemptions has implications for maintaining pockets of low vaccine compliance and increased disease transmission.
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Koroleva, Elena G., S. K. Rakhimbek, and S. S. Tupov. "MEDICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF MONITORING OF POPULATION MORBIDITY." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 1285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-11-1285-1295.
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AnnotIntroduction. The study was carried out with the use of geographic approaches. It provides an integral characteristic and assessment of the population morbidity in Kazakhstan, including ecologically determined pathologies. Material and methods. The basis of the work is the data of medical and demographical statistics of the adult and children population for the period from 2000 to 2016 in the context of administrative regions and districts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Mathematical-cartographic modeling of population health indices was carried out using geo-information technologies and evaluation mapping. Results. Medico-geographical zoning of the territory of Kazakhstan on the basis of calculated integral indices allowed to distinguish five groups of regions by incidence rates: from very high (Mangistau, Kyzylorda, the East Kazakhstan region) to very low (the Atyrau region). Spatial and temporal analysis of the morbidity rate showed that Pavlodar and North Kazakhstan regions are distinguished in terms of the prevalence of ecologically caused pathologies and districts with unfavorable situations. Respiratory diseases (40-60%) are the most common environmental pathologies in Kazakhstan among all age groups. For the last 15 years most of the respiratory diseases are registered in the Pavlodar region and they show a positive trend in both adults and children. Conclusion. The medico-ecological situation in the regions of Kazakhstan has regional differences, but in most cases, there is a tendency to an increase in overall morbidity, prevalence of ecologically caused pathologies and especially respiratory diseases, which can serve as an index of the environment state. Further studies should be directed to in-depth investigations in ecologically unfavorable regions and the development of the Medical-Geographical Atlas of the Republic of Kazakhstan.aciya
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Merriman, Rebekah, Ilaria Galizia, Sonja Tanaka, Ashley Sheffel, Kent Buse, and Sarah Hawkes. "The gender and geography of publishing: a review of sex/gender reporting and author representation in leading general medical and global health journals." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 5 (May 2021): e005672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005672.
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IntroductionDiverse gender and geographical representation matters in research. We aimed to review medical and global health journals’ sex/gender reporting, and the gender and geography of authorship.Methods542 research and non-research articles from 14 selected journals were reviewed using a retrospective survey design. Paper screening and systematic data extraction was conducted with descriptive statistics and regression analyses calculated from the coded data. Outcome measures were journal characteristics, the extent to which published articles met sex/gender reporting guidelines, plus author gender and location of their affiliated institution.ResultsFive of the fourteen journals explicitly encourage sex/gender analysis in their author instructions, but this did not lead to increased sex/gender reporting beyond the gender of study participants (OR=3.69; p=0.000 (CI 1.79 to 7.60)). Just over half of research articles presented some level of sex/gender analysis, while 40% mentioned sex/gender in their discussion. Articles with women first and last authors were 2.4 times more likely to discuss sex/gender than articles with men in those positions (p=0.035 (CI 1.062 to 5.348)). First and last authors from high-income countries (HICs) were 19 times as prevalent as authors from low-income countries; and women from low-income and middle-income countries were at a disadvantage in terms of the impact factor of the journals they published in.ConclusionGlobal health and medical research fails to consistently apply a sex/gender lens and remains largely the preserve of authors in HIC. Collaborative partnerships and funding support are needed to promote gender-sensitive research and dismantle historical power dynamics in authorship.
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Kuznetsov, I., E. Panidi, P. Kikin, A. Kolesnikov, V. Korovka, and V. Galkin. "ISSUES OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THEMATIC MAPPING APPLICATION TO ANALYSIS OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN LARGE CITIES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-287-2021.
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Abstract. The paper we summarizes and discusses experience of medical statistics data processing and mapping, gained in 2019–2020 in the frames of study devoted to the tuberculosis infection mapping. Basing on this experience, we have formalised a set of research issues, which were elaborated and clarified at the previous stages but demand additional investigations.Additionally, the paper summarises results of design and prototyping of a Web mapping interface implemented as a part of developed medical Geographic Information System (GIS). Developed GIS is aimed onto mapping and analysis of tuberculosis infection data. The overall structure of elaborated GIS is covered also with respect to the detected research issues.
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Fisher, Colin. "Antebellum Black Climate Science: The Medical Geography and Emancipatory Politics of James McCune Smith and Martin Delany." Environmental History 26, no. 3 (May 24, 2021): 461–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emab024.
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Abstract This article argues that two prominent antebellum Black physicians—James McCune Smith and Martin Delany—developed competing scientific theories of nature’s impact on the human body in response to the climatic theories of the American Colonization Society, polygenist race scientists, and southern defenders of slavery. It further argues that the physicians’ divergent conclusions regarding nature’s agency played a significant role in underwriting arguably the most important and consequential political debate in antebellum Black America—namely, the dispute between integrationists who advocated remaining in the United States and fighting for equality and emigrationists who argued that America was so hopelessly racist that African Americans should evacuate and even form their own nation. McCune Smith’s rejection of Liberian colonization, his call to stay in the United States and fight for inclusion, and his hopeful vision of the American future rested in large part on his climate science. Employing statistical evidence, he argued that all humans were healthiest in temperate rather than tropical climates and that a beneficial North American natural environment was slowly eliminating the racial distinctions that underwrote American racism and slavery and giving all Americans, regardless of ancestry, the physical features of Native Americans. Delany’s politics were also profoundly shaped by climate science, but, unlike McCune Smith, he agreed with polygenist race scientists that climate could not alter biological race. He further concluded that, while Black people remained healthy in all climates, white people degenerated physically, mentally, and morally when they migrated from a temperate to a subtropical or tropical climate. Since the North American natural environment could not eliminate the racial features referenced by white racists and slaveholders and because enfeebled whites would always need Black labor in the subtropical South, Delany took a pessimistic view of the American future and advocated that African Americans emigrate and form a new Black nation in a tropical location fatal to white people. The article demonstrates that, long before the rise of the environmental justice movement, prominent abolitionists wed the Black freedom struggle to sophisticated and even proto-ecological scientific models of the body’s place in nature.
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Dryglas, Diana, and Adrian Lubowiecki-Vikuk. "Image of Poland as perceived by German and British medical tourists." Tourism Review 74, no. 4 (September 25, 2019): 861–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-07-2018-0105.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify Poland’s image as a medical tourism destination (MTD). Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected from 282 German and British medical tourists, using a self-administered questionnaire. The Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing method was used to conduct the survey. Subsequently, the responses were analysed using advanced statistical tools (McNemar’s exact test, Cochran’s Q test and Chi-square test). Findings Before visiting Poland, the respondents perceived the country through the prism of medical attributes, whereas after the visit, they perceived it through the prism of non-medical attributes. Research limitations/implications Identification of a set of MTD image characteristics has important implications for scholars, allowing them to understand attributes which shape projected and perceived MTD image. Such construct can also be a useful tool for marketing planners, destination managers and marketers to create an effective marketing policy and projected image of MTDs based on these features. Originality/value The study fills an important gap regarding the lack of conceptual and empirical content allowing for exploration of MTD image.
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Yiannakoulias, N., D. P. Schopflocher, and L. W. Svenson. "Using administrative data to understand the geography of case ascertainment." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 30, no. 1 (December 2009): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.30.1.05.
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Abstract We examined the geographic variability of information generated from different case definitions of childhood asthma derived from administrative health data used in Alberta, Canada. Our objective was to determine if analyses based on different case ascertainment algorithms identify geographic clusters in the same region of the study area. Our study group was based on a closed cohort of asthmatic children born in 1988. We used a spatial scan statistic to identify variations in the approximate location of geographic clusters of asthma based on different case definitions. Our results indicate that the geographic patterns are not greatly affected by the case ascertainment algorithm or the source of data. For example, asthmatics identified from medical claims data showed similar clustering to asthmatics defined through hospitalization and emergency department data. However, estimates of prevalence and incidence require careful consideration and validation against other data sources.
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Cistobaev, A. I., and Z. A. Semenova. "Towards the methodology and methods of medico-geographic research." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 93, no. 3 (2013): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1303105c.
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In article possibility of application of a statistical method in research of a role of social making medical geography in formation of health of the population, public health services development is shown. The maintenance and ways of calculation of the indicators reflecting a condition of the individual, group and population health, activity of establishments of public health services at regional level is presented.
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Derco, Ján, Piotr Romaniuk, and Michal Cehlár. "Economic Impact of the Health Insurance System on Slovak Medical Spas and Mineral Spring Spas." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 3384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083384.
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The article deals with the financing of spa undertakings through the health insurance system. The analysis is based on the financial statements of 28 spa undertakings operating in the Slovak Republic, their contracts with the individual health insurance companies and secondary data sources (accommodation statistics of these undertakings, the number of medical stays paid by clients themselves and of those covered by public health insurance, the spa treatment expenditure of the health insurance companies, the percentage of this expenditure out of the total expenditure spent by the health insurance companies on health care). The still significant percentage of revenues from the health insurance companies out of the total revenues of spa undertakings shows the prevalence of the medical nature of spa care. At the same time, it reflects the current tax measures related to the spa industry and shows that the introduction of a recreation allowance might influence the future development of spa care.
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BARZYLOVYCH, ANASTASIIA, YULIІA URSAKIІ, ALINA NADEZHDENKO, TETIANA MAMATOVA, IRINA CHYKARENKO, and SERGIY KRAVCHENKO. "The Influence of Medical Services Public Management on the Population’ Life Quality." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 17 (June 22, 2021): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.60.
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The purpose of this article is to study the factors that have a direct impact on improving the quality of life through improving public administration in the field of health care. In the course of our research are considered the following aspects: significant economic and social aspects of the medical sphere that affect the quality of life; a list of public services that are of significant public interest and have the greatest impact on quality of life, methodological approaches to assessing the quality of life, the main problems and possible ways to improve public health policy to improve the quality of life. To achieve the objectives of the study, several statistical indicators were selected and a number of statistical methods of analysis were used: pairwise correlation, regression analysis, methods of comparison, synthesis and comparison. Statistical analysis was conducted according to the countries of the European continent, which belong to different social models. An economic-mathematical model of the dependence of the Quality of Life Index on the factors of public management of medical services has been built, which shows that the increase in the Quality of Life Index by 70.2% is due to the level of state funding, insurance and the number of hospital beds. One of the main conclusions is the fact that the Health Index, along with the Purchasing Power Index, have the greatest positive impact on the quality of life of the population. According to the results of the regression analysis, it was found that that the most statistically and practically significant factor of the linear dependence of the studied indicators of public health services management on the Quality of Life Index is public expenditures in the field of health care. In this context, public policy should be mainly aimed at addressing the problems of efficient allocation of resources and fragmentation of policies and strategies for the development of effective socio-economic systems for providing quality health services to ensure a high level of quality of life.
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Dawson, MPH, Emily, Julia Lew, MD Candidate, Dane Mauer-Vakil, BKin, Adam Van Dijk, MSc, Paul Belanger, PhD, and Kieran M. Moore, MD. "A longitudinal analysis of temporal and spatial incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome in Ontario: 2003-2016." Journal of Opioid Management 15, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2019.0504.
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Objective: This study describes the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in Ontario, Canada by year and health region from 2003 to 2016. Design: The incidence of NAS diagnoses per 1,000 live births was calculated for the 36 local public health agency regions in Ontario from 2003 to 2016 using retrospective hospital admissions data. Infants with a diagnosis of NAS were identified using ICD-10 code P961. Local public health agency level data were aggregated and analyzed by geographic region and by Statistics Canada 2015 Peer Groups.Results: The incidence of NAS in Ontario increased from 0.99 per 1,000 live births in 2003 to 5.94 per 1,000 live births in 2016. There were major differences in NAS incidence by geography, North Western Ontario had the greatest incidence across all years. Health regions with a rural and population center mix or mostly rural population had greater incidence rate of NAS compared to health regions with high density population centers.Conclusions: The incidence of NAS has dramatically increased across Ontario in the last decade. Actions should be taken to combat the continued increase in NAS rates, especially in health regions with disproportionately high incidence of NAS.
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Terashima, Mikiko, and Alix J. E. Carter. "Correlation of age and rurality with low-urgency use of emergency medical services (LUEMS): A geographic analysis." CJEM 20, no. 6 (August 4, 2017): 874–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.364.
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ABSTRACTObjectivesStudies suggest that addressing the needs of the older population in rural areas may substantially reduce their low-urgency use of emergency medical services (LUEMS). It may ultimately also help improve the efficiency in our health system. There is, however, a dearth of evidence substantiating geographic patterns in LUEMS by different age cohorts. This exploratory study was aimed to clarify the understanding of emergency medical services (EMS) use in Nova Scotia through a geographic analysis.MethodsRecords with Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale of 4 and 5 were considered as LUEMS. We assessed the distribution of LUEMS incidence rates (proportion of LUEMS out of all EMS uses) by age and rurality, using descriptive statistics and Geographic Information Systems mapping.ResultsNearly half of all EMS transports were individuals of 65+ years of age; 35% of those were LUEMS. The rates increased along with the level of rurality, and the older cohort had the highest incidence rates in non-metro communities. High rates were seen primarily in some rural communities farthest away from the capital/tertiary care centre.ConclusionHigh LUEMS incidence rates are rural phenomena but not specific to the older population. However, the absolute number of LUEMS by the older cohort is significant, and elder-specific interventions in rural regions could still lead to effective cost savings. Further investigation of other factors, such as distance to the emergency department, availability of public transportation, and socioeconomic conditions of EMS users, is needed.
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Țincu, Radu Ciprian, Cătălina Radu, Alecxandrina Deaconu, Corina Frăsineanu, Mihai Vrîncuț, and Cristian Cobilinschi. "Knowledge Sharing of Medical Practices—Reducing the Negative Socio-Economic Effects of Lead Exposure due to Unhealthy Consumption Habits." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041553.
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The emergence of knowledge economy has created the necessary conditions for an interdisciplinary approach of medical practices. This paper explores, in an interdisciplinary manner, the case of lead exposure in the Romanian context. We consider it crucial to be aware of the socio-economic impact of lead exposure in Romania and prevent unhealthy consumption habits that generate economic and social costs. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the social, economic, and medical effects of lead poisoning, and, on this basis, to identify prevention recommendations. The research was conducted while using a descriptive survey based on qualitative and quantitative methods, by analyzing a group of 115 participants that were admitted in the Toxicology Department of the Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest with the diagnosis of lead exposure/intoxication. The study followed an Observational Retrospective Protocol that was based on the investigations of the participants registered in the Toxicology Department with signs and symptoms suggestive of lead exposure/intoxication. The data was statistically processed by while using Microsoft Excel 2013 and SPSS Statistics 22. Based on our research results, we facilitated the knowledge sharing process of medical practices and formulated a series of recommendations in an interdisciplinary manner, in order to diminish the negative socio-economic effects of unhealthy consumption habits.
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Rhew, Sung Han, Patrick Bright, Andrine Lemieux, Wayne Warry, and Kristen Jacklin. "Rural and Indigenous Health Disparity in Medical Service Use for Dementia and Diabetes Mellitus in Minnesota." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.829.
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Abstract Minnesota has shown relatively high growth of mortality from diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia in recent years, especially in rural areas. Analysis of medical care utilization patterns may reveal the reasons for this trend. The goal of the present study was to characterize the Minnesota dementia and diabetes care landscape by rurality and geographic region. Specifically, we compared the Metro region to five other rural-urban regions. Disease-specific 2017 hospital admission and emergency department (ED) visit data was obtained from the State Center for Health Statistics and the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We used the logistic regression analysis adjusted by multiple covariates to evaluate rural-urban differences in hospital admissions and ED visits. Age-adjusted rates of ED visits for both DM and dementia were significantly higher in rural zip code areas, especially in northeast regions. Rural areas had elevated odds for dementia hospital admissions (OR=1.05, p<0.0001) and ED visits (OR=1.24, p<0.0001), but decreased odds for DM hospital admission (OR=0.96, p<0.0001) and ED visits (OR=0.96, p<0.0001). This was particularly true in the northeast region (relative to Metro regions) where ED visits were less likely due to DM (OR=0.89, p<0.0001) but more likely related to dementia (ORs=1.42, p<0.0001). Geographic differences for ED visits due to DM were greater than those for dementia, with higher rates for rural as compared to urban regions (northeast MN compared to a large metropolitan region). This geographical mismatch between mortality rates and ED visit rates may illustrate the relative lack of access to health services in rural MN.
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Griffith, Daniel A., Yongwan Chun, and Monghyeon Lee. "Deeper Spatial Statistical Insights into Small Geographic Area Data Uncertainty." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010231.
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Small areas refer to small geographic areas, a more literal meaning of the phrase, as well as small domains (e.g., small sub-populations), a more figurative meaning of the phrase. With post-stratification, even with big data, either case can encounter the problem of small local sample sizes, which tend to inflate local uncertainty and undermine otherwise sound statistical analyses. This condition is the opposite of that afflicting statistical significance in the context of big data. These two definitions can also occur jointly, such as during the standardization of data: small geographic units may contain small populations, which in turn have small counts in various age cohorts. Accordingly, big spatial data can become not-so-big spatial data after post-stratification by geography and, for example, by age cohorts. This situation can be ameliorated to some degree by the large volume of and high velocity of big spatial data. However, the variety of any big spatial data may well exacerbate this situation, compromising veracity in terms of bias, noise, and abnormalities in these data. The purpose of this paper is to establish deeper insights into big spatial data with regard to their uncertainty through one of the hallmarks of georeferenced data, namely spatial autocorrelation, coupled with small geographic areas. Impacts of interest concern the nature, degree, and mixture of spatial autocorrelation. The cancer data employed (from Florida for 2001–2010) represent a data category that is beginning to enter the realm of big spatial data; its volume, velocity, and variety are increasing through the widespread use of digital medical records.
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Kričković, Emina. "Cause-effect relationship between air quality and public health in the city of Novi Sad based on the DPSEEA model." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 69, no. 1 (2021): 88–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg69-29301.
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Introduction/purpose: The research subject in this article is the status of the air quality in the city of Novi Sad and its impact on the health of the population. The relation between these two points will be presented using the DPSEEA model. The research aim of this article is to apply proper measures in order to mitigate negative effects on human health, based on scientific knowledge related to air quality influence on the health of the Novi Sad population. The basic hypothesis of this research implies that air quality affects Novi Sad's population health. Methods: The following methods were used in this article: modeling, analysis-synthesis, statistic method, classification method, combining method, geographic-ecological method, method ofgeographic-medical description, method of the medical geography forecast as well as cartographic method. Results: Based on the DPSEEA model and the example of the air pollution in the city of Novi Sad, the following was identified: air pollution driving forces, pressures, state of the air quality, population exposure to air pollution, effects on human health as well as measures and actions that should be conducted. The mentioned model was also used to present the relationship between these segments. Conclusion: The given model deals with a wide spectrum ofpotential forces (harmful effects) and necessary community actions, bringing together professionals, people in the field and those from laboratories as well as managers in the area of environment and public health management, in order to tackle emerging problems in a comprehensive manner.
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Ramírez-Tirado, Laura Alejandra, Cesar Enrique Uribe-Ortíz, Oscar Arrieta, and Laura L. Tirado-Gómez. "Lung cancer mortality and municipal marginalization in Mexico, 1998-2016." Salud Pública de México 61, no. 3, may-jun (June 7, 2019): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/10083.
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Objective. To analyze the mortality trend of lung cancer (LC) in Mexico, according to the municipality marginalization index (MMI) by age group and sex, during the period 1998-2016. Materials and methods. The information on mortality, population and MMI was obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) and the National Council of Population (Conapo). The adjusted LC mortality rate trends were analyzed using the joinpoint regression analysis. A total of 126 132 deaths were included. Results. The adjusted LC mortality rate decreased from 7.83 to 4.97 100 000 inhabitants during the period from 1998-2016, but the decrease was found to be less in women and in areas with very high marginalization. Conclusions. Unequal reduction in LC mortality according to the degree of marginalization are related to early diagnosis, timely treatment and inequity in medical services. This inequity affects mainly the populations of women, highly marginalized groups and older populations.
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Huang, Chung-Hao, Chun-Yu Lin, Chun-Yuh Yang, Ta-Chien Chan, Po-Huang Chiang, and Yen-Hsu Chen. "Relationship between the Incidence of Dengue Virus Transmission in Traditional Market and Climatic Conditions in Kaohsiung City." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2021 (August 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9916642.
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In 2014 and 2015, Southern Taiwan experienced two unprecedented outbreaks, with more than 10,000 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases in each outbreak. The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of meteorological and spatial factors on dengue outbreaks in Southern Taiwan and was conducted in Kaohsiung City, which is the most affected area in Taiwan. The distributed lag nonlinear model was used to investigate the role of climatic factors in the 2014 and 2015 dengue outbreaks. Spatial statistics in the Geographic Information System was applied to study the relationship between the dengue spreading pattern and locations of traditional markets (human motility) in the 2015 dengue outbreak. Meteorological analysis results suggested that the relative risk of dengue fever increased when the weekly average temperature was more than 15°C at lagged weeks 5 to 18. Elevated relative risk of dengue was observed when the weekly average rainfall was more than 150 mm at lagged weeks 12 to 20. The spatial analysis revealed that approximately 83% of dengue cases were located in the 1000 m buffer zone of traditional market, with statistical significance. These findings support the influence of climatic factors and human motility on dengue outbreaks. Furthermore, the study analysis may help authorities to identify hotspots and decide the timing for implementation of dengue control programs.
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Kazley, Abby Swanson, and Yasar A. Ozcan. "Electronic medical record use and efficiency: A DEA and windows analysis of hospitals." Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 43, no. 3 (September 2009): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2008.10.001.
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Thanassoulis, Emmanuel, Maria C. A. Silva Portela, and Mike Graveney. "Using DEA to estimate potential savings at GP units at medical specialty level." Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 48, no. 1 (March 2014): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2013.11.001.
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Morabito, Reinaldo, Fernando Chiyoshi, and Roberto D. Galvão. "Non-homogeneous servers in emergency medical systems: Practical applications using the hypercube queueing model." Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 42, no. 4 (December 2008): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2007.04.002.
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CAPRARELLI, GRAZIELLA, and STEPHANIE FLETCHER. "A brief review of spatial analysis concepts and tools used for mapping, containment and risk modelling of infectious diseases and other illnesses." Parasitology 141, no. 5 (December 13, 2013): 581–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182013001972.
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SUMMARYFast response and decision making about containment, management, eradication and prevention of diseases, are increasingly important aspects of the work of public health officers and medical providers. Diseases and the agents causing them are spatially and temporally distributed, and effective countermeasures rely on methods that can timely locate the foci of infection, predict the distribution of illnesses and their causes, and evaluate the likelihood of epidemics. These methods require the use of large datasets from ecology, microbiology, health and environmental geography. Geodatabases integrating data from multiple sets of information are managed within the frame of geographic information systems (GIS). Many GIS software packages can be used with minimal training to query, map, analyse and interpret the data. In combination with other statistical or modelling software, predictive and spatio-temporal modelling can be carried out. This paper reviews some of the concepts and tools used in epidemiology and parasitology. The purpose of this review is to provide public health officers with the critical tools to decide about spatial analysis resources and the architecture for the prevention and surveillance systems best suited to their situations.
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Berruecos, Luis. "Surviving the Future: Mexican Health Policies and Deceitfulness of Universal Coverage in the State of Puebla, México." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, no. 1-2 (2014): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341296.
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Abstract Two years ago, the Governor of the Mexican State of Puebla declared that his State was fully covered by health services, which is not true. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Mexican Constitution, health is one of the most important human rights for every citizen. However, according to our statistics, many indigenous communities of that State are still waiting for those services, even though the budget designated for that purpose has been incremented ten times in the last seven years. Since I have been working for years in the highlands of the northern part of the State, I will prove that medical services are not covering the total population, which means that the future survival of these people is rather grim.
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S. Ibraz, Tassawar, and Anjum Fatima. "Uneducated and Unhealthy: The Plight of Women in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 905–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.905-915.
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The title of this paper is self-explanatory. It discusses underinvestment in female education and health and the deleterious effects this has on not only women themselves but on the future generation which women bring forth and nourish. This underinvestment is more pronounced in the rural areas of Pakistan where the bulk of the population resides and where low levels of education, lack of awareness and access to medical facilities pose a major threat to the development of a healthy and productive society. Combining macro-level data on population growth rates, female mortality and literacy with two micro-level studies based on extensive participant observation and in-depth interviewing in two Punjabi villages, the data presented in the paper aims to sensitise the readers of the realities of women's social existance and of the complexities of female neglect specifically in terms of education and health. The paper also highlights some of the dominant cultural notions regarding women which become instrumental in hampering women's access to education, information and other structures of power. The confinement of women to narrow domestic and powerless domains has far-reaching and negative consequences of which statistics portray a picture.
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Gao, Jian, Ying Wang, and Joseph Engelhardt. "Logistic analysis of veterans' eligibility-status changes." Health Services Management Research 18, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0951484054572493.
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Currently, the US Department of Veterans Affairs provides medical care to more than four million veterans across the nation. Given the limited resources and increasing demand, the US Department of Veterans Affairs Health Administration (VA) is required by law to ensure that veterans with similar economic status and eligibility priority have similar access to VA health care, regardless of where they reside. This study, using descriptive statistics and logistic regression techniques, examines the factors that affect veterans' eligibility-status changes. This study found that veterans' demographics are correlated with the likelihood of eligibility-status conversion. More importantly, this study concludes that eligibility-status changes have a geographic pattern. These findings are important and useful in planning workload, as well as improving equal access of health care.
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Al-Imam, Ahmed. "The digital epidemiology of dysencephalia splanchnocystica, AKA meckel–gruber syndrome: Retrospective analysis and geographic mapping via google trends." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, no. 5 (August 31, 2018): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v9i5.20496.
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Background: Genetic diseases are diverse and many of which have debilitating consequences affecting the individual, the society, and the economy. Trends databases, including Google Trends database, can be used to estimate the digital epidemiology of these diseases. Digital Epidemiology is valuable when it comes to conditions of low prevalence as in the case of ciliopathies including that of Meckel–Gruber Syndrome.Aims and Objectives: To assess the digital epidemiology and the geographic mapping of Meckel- Gruber syndrome via a trends database of the surface web.Materials and Methods: Google Trends database will be usedfor geographic mapping and retrospective analysis of interest of users of the Surface Web. The aim is to infer and predict the digital epidemiology of Meckel–Gruber Syndrome. A retrospective analysis is conducted as far as the trends database permits (2004-2017). The trends database was explored using the thematic expression of keywords specific to Meckel–Gruber Syndrome including its synonyms. Subsequently, descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out to estimate the digital epidemiology as well as the geographic mapping. The aim was to conclude the existence of any significant change in web users’ interest and the variation of that interest versus geography (country) and chronology (time).Results: Concerning geographic mapping, signals of web users were found to be originating from the United States (68.49%) and Finland (31.51%). Globally, the average value of the relative interest of surface web users in Meckel–Gruber Syndrome was 34.10 (+/- 14.59). There was an overall decline in web users’ attention towards the condition for the period 2004−2010 versus 2011−2017 (20.06 vs 4.88, p-value<0.001) and for period 2004-2006 versus 2007-2009 (29.14 vs 14.19, p=0.001).Conclusion: Digital epidemiological analysis has been proven feasible with good accuracy via Googles Trends. In the case of Dysencephalia Splanchnocystica, the geographic mapping of the surface web has been limited to the developed world. Prospectively, Google Trends can be integrated into a predictive early warning system to anticipate any change in the interest of the users of the Indexed Web in a particular disease including genetic ones.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(5) 2018 81-86
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Senior, M. L., H. C. W. L. Williams, and G. Higgs. "Spatial and Temporal Variation of Mortality and Deprivation 2: Statistical Modelling." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, no. 10 (October 1998): 1815–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a301815.
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Building on the tabular analyses exemplified in our first paper and widely used in the medical literature, we use generalised linear models to provide a formal, statistical approach to the analysis of mortality and deprivation relationships, and their change over time. Three types of fixed effects model are specified and estimated with the same ward-level data sets for Wales examined in our first paper. They are: Poisson models for analysing mortality and deprivation at a single cross section in time; repeated-measures Poisson models for analysing mortality–deprivation relations, not only at cross sections in time, but also their changes over time; and logit models focusing on temporal changes in mortality–deprivation relationships. Nonlinear effects of deprivation on mortality have been explored by using dummy variables representing deprivation categories to establish the connection between formal statistical models and the tabular approach.
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Octaria, Rany, Hannah Griffith, Matthew Estes, Caleb Wiedeman, Allison Chan, and Marion Kainer. "Comparing Automated Cluster Detection Methods for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE): Rule-Based Versus Statistical." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.504.
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Background: The Tennessee (TN) Department of Health (TDH) has been identifying clusters of reportable conditions using the Electronic Surveillance System for Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE), a cluster detection method using space-time scan permutation statistics based on patient ZIP code. CRE are reportable in Tennessee; isolate submission is required for carbapenemase (CP) production and resistance mechanism (eg, KPC gene) testing. The Council for Outbreak Response: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) and Antimicrobial-Resistant (AR) Pathogens (CORHA) released proposed thresholds of reporting CRE to public health. Thresholds vary by healthcare facility type and regional epidemiology. The TDH HAI/AR program currently runs a daily automated SAS code using the CORHA reporting threshold to help public health identify suspect KPC clusters. We evaluated our rule-based CORHA method against 2 space-time statistic-based methods for KPC cluster detection in Tennessee. Methods: Simulations for each cluster detection method were performed using retrospective CP-CRE surveillance data for 2018. Simulations were conducted using (1) CORHA reporting thresholds by facility case count to flag clusters of 2 or more cases within 28 days, (2) ESSENCE using patient residence ZIP code and the earliest of collection date or symptom onset date as is used for other reportable conditions in Tennessee, and (3) a modified space-time statistical method using SaTScan in which reporting facility, rather than a geographic location, was used as space variable to detect within-facility clusters within 1–28 days. We compared the number and overlap of cases and clusters identified with each method. Univariate logistic regression with CORHA flagging as predictor and flagging by each ESSENCE or CORHA method as outcome variables, were used to compare cases tagged by each method pair, respectively. Results: Of 183 KPC CP-CRE cases, 54 (30.6%) were flagged as part of suspect clusters by at least 1 method. Simulations generated 16 alerts (36 cases) using CORHA, 10 clusters (25 cases) using modified SaTScan, and 10 clusters (20 cases) using standard ESSENCE protocol. Among KPC CP-CRE cases flagged by CORHA, 12 (33.3%) were also flagged by modified SaTScan and 2 (5%) by ESSENCE. A case flagged using CORHA method has 5.15 (95% CI, 2.10–12.64) times higher odds of also being flagged by the modified SaTScan method compared to cases not flagged by CORHA. Conclusions: An algorithm based on CORHA thresholds for reporting CRE to public health had strong agreement with modified SaTScan, a space-time method. We intend to explore the extension of the time interval for ESSENCE.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Jami, Catherine. "Human Mobility and the Spatial Dynamics of Knowledge." Transfers 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2019.090104.
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The project “Individual Itineraries and the Circulation of Scientific and Technical Knowledge in China (16th–20th Centuries)” has shed light on the impact of individuals’ geographic mobility on the spatial dynamics of knowledge in late imperial China, where the bureaucratic system dictated a specific pattern of mobility for the elites. The question was also studied for other socioprofessional groups—craftsmen and medical doctors—and for the actors of the globalization of knowledge—Christian missionaries, colonial doctors, and the Chinese students. The studies conducted shed light on a variety of places, social milieus, fields of knowledge, and on the conditions of travel of technical knowledge—including sericulture, water conservancy, medicine, natural history, and statistics—against the background of the expertise such as classical scholarship—the dominant body of knowledge, sanctioned by imperial examination—circulated among the elite.
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Donal, Donal, Hartono Hartono, Muhammad Hakimi, and Ova Emilia. "Spatial Mapping Applied to Low Birth Weight Incidence , Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Geography 50, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.15951.
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The etiology of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Murung Raya is still unclear. This study aimed to find out the relationship between environmental and health behavior risk factors of LBW in Murung Raya. 150 women were recruited through the incidence data 2013- 2014, and the questionnaires, medical records, and geographic data were measured by McNemar, ANOVA, logistic, IRR, MI, z (Gi), and NNI tests. Bivariate analysis showed significant correlation of LBW with TBA care OR= 10, drinking popa OR= 5, smoking OR= 6.1, and accessibility OR = 2.3, with adjusted OR for TBA care OR= 32.78, ANC OR= 27.52 revealing trend lines with ANOVA F=49, and clustering RR=7, MI >0 (four clusters), z (Gi) >1 (two high clusters), and NNI>1 (two high clusters). The spatial analysis provided greater statistical power to detect an effect that was not apparent in the case-control study. This study suggests that preventions, interventions and treatment for LBW not only be conducted by the current epidemiology approach but also by new modern geographic positioning analysis.
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Myronets, Nina, Oksana Romaniv, and Oksana Yaromenko. "DOOMED TO DEATH: ABORTIONS AND ABORTION TOURISM." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 60 (2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2020.60.3-9.
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The purpose of the study is to group the countries of the world according to the availability and legality of abortion and to identify patterns of development of tourist flows of abortion tourism. The research methodology includes a system of methods and techniques: monographic method (used to process materials from literary sources and Internet resources), statistical method (used to assess the prevalence of abortion), cartographic method (used to visualize the legality and availability of abortion around the world), classification method (used to group countries according to the criterion of the level of availability and legality of abortion). Research results. The geography of tourist flows of one of the types of medical tourism (abortion tourism) was analyzed. It arose as a result of the possibility of obtaining medical procedures abroad, prohibited or restricted in their own country. Attention was focused on the factors of legality and accessibility of these medical services in the countries. There are four groups of countries on the availability of abortion: 1) freedom of abortion; 2) abortion for medical and socio-economic reasons; 3) abortion for medical reasons and in other exceptional cases; 4) complete ban. The right to terminate a pregnancy at the woman's request is guaranteed in 71% of developed countries and in 16% of developing countries. Most countries that restrict abortion throughout the territory or in its separate administrative units - this is the state of Africa and South Asia and Latin America. But abortion tourism is the most intensive in Europe. The controversy over abortion has not abated. The two main groups in discussion call themselves "for choice" (with an emphasis on women's right to choose) and "for life" (with an emphasis on the unborn child's right to life). The scientific novelty of the work is that the proposed grouping of countries according to the legality and availability of abortion, outlines the factors of abortion tourism. The main directions of tourist flows of abortion tourism in Europe are determined. The practical significance of the results of the work is that they can be used to shape the tourism policy of Ukraine, as the state is involved in the field of abortion tourism as a recipient of tourist flows. The results of the study also contribute to solving social and demographic problems in the context of depopulation and deteriorating public health. After all, abortions are factors that negatively affect the reproduction of the population and women's health.
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Anderson, Alistair. "Analysing incompliant attitudes towards antibiotic prescription completion in the UK." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 3 (December 4, 2019): 756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz492.
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Abstract Objectives To analyse demographic, social and geographic predictors of incompliant attitudes towards prescription completion in the UK. Methods Two waves of the Eurobarometer survey (85.1 and 90.1) were analysed, with a final sample size of 2016. Using logistic regression, the best-fitting combination of a set of identified variables was specified. The regression output and the model-averaged importance of each variable were analysed. Results Compared with a median prevalence region, respondents in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) 1 London (OR = 2.358, 95% CI = 1.100–5.398) and Scotland (OR = 2.418, 95% CI = 1.083–5.693) regions were most likely to report an incompliant attitude. Respondents who correctly answered questions about whether unnecessary use of antibiotics could make them ineffective in future (OR = 0.353, 95% CI = 0.230–0.544), whether antibiotics kill viruses (OR = 0.644, 95% CI = 0.450–0.919) and whether antibiotics treat colds (OR = 0.412, 95% CI = 0.287–0.591) were less likely to report incompliant attitudes. Conversely, respondents who correctly responded that antibiotics can cause side effects (OR = 1.419, 95% CI = 1.014–1.999) were more likely to report incompliant attitudes. There was some evidence of associations between political orientation and level of compliance. Uncooperative survey respondents (OR = 2.001, 95% CI = 1.108–3.526) were more likely to report incompliant attitudes. Conclusions Incompliant attitudes towards antibiotic prescription compliance in the UK are associated with a variety of factors, including regional geographic variation in attitudes. Knowledge about antibiotics can relate to good stewardship attitudes, but concerns over side effects are associated with poor attitudes. Further research should examine the underlying attitudes and beliefs that political orientation may be a marker for in the context of antibiotic stewardship. Survey samples reliant on self-selection are likely to be biased towards good stewardship.
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Patel, Payal, Sumathi Narayana, Aleza Summit, Marji Gold, Zachary J. Morgan, Lars E. Peterson, and Allison Paul. "Abortion Provision Among Recently Graduated Family Physicians." Family Medicine 52, no. 10 (November 5, 2020): 724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2020.300682.
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Background and Objectives: Family physicians (FPs) are well positioned to increase abortion access given their broad scope and diverse geographic practice regions. Previously published studies focus on physicians who received formal abortion training but do not include the full landscape of FPs performing abortions in the United States. This secondary data analysis presents a unique opportunity to examine characteristics of early-career FPs who provide abortions, including practice locations and if they received abortion training during residency. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2016-2018 Family Medicine National Graduate Survey to generate descriptive statistics about respondents who report providing pregnancy termination, uterine aspiration/dilation and curettage, or both. We evaluated associations between physician and/or practice characteristics and providing pregnancy termination using bivariate statistics. Results: Of the 6,319 survey respondents, 3% reported providing pregnancy termination. Nearly three-quarters of this subset reported graduating residency feeling prepared to provide pregnancy termination. Most respondents completed residency in the West or Northeast US geographic regions, and 3 years later were practicing in the West or South regions. Additional characteristics associated with providing pregnancy termination include female gender, providing continuity care, and practicing in either an academic medical center or a federally qualified health center. Conclusions: FPs are well positioned to address gaps in abortion access, and those who provide pregnancy termination practice in various US geographic regions. This is the first discussion of its kind about the scope of family physicians providing abortion care. Future research should continue to characterize FPs who provide abortions to determine where they train and practice and what type of abortions they provide.
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Halvorson, Sarah J., and James L. Wescoat Jr. "Guarding the Sons of Empire: Military–State–Society Relations in Water, Sanitation and Health Programs of mid-19th-Century India." Water 12, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020429.
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Drinking water supply and sanitation have had a strong association with military institutions in South Asia from the colonial period to the present. This paper shows how military-state-society relationships created spaces of differential water access and sanitation burdens in mid-19th-century cantonments in ways that involved complex gender relations. In comparison with previous research, we argue that privileged military enclaves were segregated but never fully separated from larger urban water and sanitation systems. We use historical geographic methods to review the evolving role of military sanitation regulations in cantonments from late-18th-century policies of the East India Company (EIC) through mid-19th-century rule by the British Crown, during which time military cantonments, regulations, and formal monitoring reports were established. Close reading of the British Army Medical Department’s Statistical, Sanitary, and Medical Reports (Sanitary Reports) in the 1860s then shows how military-state-society relations diverged from civilian public health programs in ways that persist to some extent to the present day. Health advisors, some of them women, pursued an ideology and tactics to “guard the sons of empire”, from what they perceived to be a disease-filled landscape of “lurking evils”, “choleric attacks”, and “native offensives”. We conclude with a discussion of both continuities and change in the relationships between military and civilian public health reforms beyond the barracks.
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Kostelanetz, Sophia, Chiara Di Gravio, Jonathan S. Schildcrout, Christianne L. Roumie, Douglas Conway, and Sunil Kripalani. "Should We Implement Geographic or Patient-Reported Social Determinants of Health Measures in Cardiovascular Patients?" Ethnicity & Disease 31, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.31.1.9.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To compare patient-reported social determinants of health (SDOH) to the Brokamp Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and evaluate the association of patient-reported SDOH and ADI with mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Design: Prospective cohort.Setting: Academic medical center.Participants: Adults with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and/or acute exacerbation of heart failure (HF) hospitalized between 2011 and 2015.Methods: Patient-reported SDOH included: income range, education, health insurance, and household size. ADI was calculated using census tract level variables of poverty, median income, high school completion, lack of health insurance, assisted income, and vacant housing.Primary outcome: All-cause mortality, up to 5 years follow-up.Results: The sample was 60% male, 84% White, and 93% insured; mean patient-reported household income was $48,000 (SD $34,000). ADI components were significantly associated with corresponding patient-reported variables. In age, sex, and race adjusted Cox regression models, ADI was associated with mortality for ACS (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06, 1.42), but not HF (HR 1.09, 95% CI .99, 1.21). Mortality models for ACS improved with consideration of social determinants data (C-statistics: base demographic model=.612; ADI added=.644; patient-reported SDOH added=.675; both ADI and patient-reported SDOH added=.689). HF mortality models improved only slightly (C-statistics: .600, .602, .617, .620, respectively).Conclusions: The Brokamp ADI is associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with CVD. In the absence of available patient-reported data, hospitals could implement the Brokamp ADI as an approximation for patient-reported data to enhance risk stratification of patients with CVD. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):9-22; doi:10.18865/ed.31.1.9
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Rafiq, Muhammad, and Mir Kalan Shah. "The Value of Reduced Risk of Injury and Deaths in Pakistan—Using Actual and Perceived Risk Estimates." Pakistan Development Review 49, no. 4II (December 1, 2010): 823–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v49i4iipp.823-837.
Full textAbstract:
Different safety measures adopted by governments across the globe require the estimates of willingness to pay of the people to swap wealth for a reduction in the probability of death and injury. The approximation of these trade-offs are employed in assessing the cost-benefit analysis of environmental issues, public safety measures on highways and roads, medical treatments, and many other areas. Economists term a trade-off between money and fatality risks as the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL). The Value of Statistical Life and Limb is generally predicted using one of the three main approaches. The first is by the compensating wage differentials that workers must be paid to take riskier jobs [Viscusi and Aldy (2003)]. The second approach examines other behaviours where people weigh costs against risks [Blomquist (2004)] and the third is through contingent valuation surveys where respondents report their willingness to pay (WTP) to obtain a specified reduction in mortality risks. The VSL is then obtained by dividing the WTP by the risk reduction being valued [Alberini (2005)].