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Saleh, Kazi. "The role of translation competence of medical experts in the translation of English-Kurdish Medical Abstracts." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18243/.
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This study is an attempt to consider the role of translation competence of medical experts who are self-translating medical research abstracts from English into Kurdish. To do so, it investigates a corpus of research abstracts terminologically, syntactically and textually in order to identify and establish the translation competence of the medical experts. The study adopts the descriptive approach to translation for the purpose of its investigation within the frame of which it employs Toury’s methodology in order to analyse 65 originally written abstracts and 65 translated Kurdish abstracts. The aim of the study is to identify the translation competence of medical experts who perform English-Kurdish specialised medical translation. It also aims to identify any potential recurrent translational behaviour that occurs in Kurdish specialised medical translation. Moreover, the study aims to provide an insight into the status of Kurdish specialised language through examining the translated abstracts. The results of the data analysis reveal that medical experts have successfully demonstrated the translation of their research abstracts as far as terminology and conceptual knowledge are concerned. However, their translations show recurrent cases of linguistic and textual markedness which can be attributed to a lack of linguistic and textual competence. The results also revealed that Kurdish specialised medical language is not under-developed as the study hypothesised but it has a rich stock of specialised terminology as well as naturalised terms that the medical experts have largely used in their self-translated abstracts. Based on the outcomes of the study, it is concluded that medical experts require linguistic and textual competence as much as subject competence. In addition, consistent and appropriate proofreading can have a profound impact on specialised medical translation in reducing the incidence of syntactic and textual calques as well as common typographical errors before publication.
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Milder, Caitlin Michelle. "Lost in Translation: Medical Translation between the United States and Japan." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244492.
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In the still-developing global medical community of the 21st century, the need for translation is rapidly becoming a prominent field. Therefore, I oriented my thesis around this task. After a semester of work on an English-Japanese medical translation, a Japanese medical translator informed me my work was difficult to comprehend. Curiosity drove me to determine what I could do to pursue a more successful translation in the future. This report begins with an analysis of the medical evolution of America and Japan and a comparison of the two medical histories. It explains the current medical culture in both nations with an example of how one medical case is perceived differently by doctors from each country. Through an analysis of translation, it concludes that translation is only possible into one’s native language, and that one must have a background in translation to attempt the task. It integrates the above aspects to express the explicit difficulties of medical translation, acknowledging that a translator must not only understand the languages but the cultures of each country to achieve a working translation. Finally, it explains that through research, practice, and translation only into English, I can accomplish successful translations in the future.
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Statkutė, Kotryna. "Translation Strategies Used in Translating Tess Gerritsen’s Medical Thrillers: Paulina Kruglinskienė’s translation of the Novel The Surgeon and Jonas Čeponis’ Translation of the Novel Life Support." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140602_084109-52751.
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The Master Thesis “Translation Strategies Used in Translating Tess Gerritsen’s Medical Thrillers: Paulina Kruglinskienė’s Translation of the Novel The Surgeon and Jonas Čeponis’ Translation of the Novel Life Support” analyses two novels written by Tess Gerritsen (The Surgeon and Life Support) and their Lithuanian translations by Paulina Kruglinskienė and Jonas Čeponis. The following hypothesis was raised: translation by using an equivalent item and low localization strategy are the most popular and useful translation strategies in translating medical terminology. The aim of this paper is to find out what translation strategies are the most popular while translating medical terminology in Paulina Kruglinskienė’s and Jonas Čeponis’ translations of Tess Gerritsen’s medical thrillers. These particular translators were chosen for this analysis due to the following reasons: they are the main translators of Tess Gerritsen’s novels into the Lithuanian language (both have transated six novels each), what is more, they both have medical background as well as long experience in translation. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether Paulina Kruglinskienė and Jonas Čeponis use similar translation strategies while translating medical terms into the Lithuanian language and how these strategies influence the quality of translation.
The theoretical part analyses various aspects related with the translation of Tess Gerritsen’s medical thrillers: genre theory, features of thriller... [to full text]Baigiamajame Magistro darbe “Tess Gerritsen medicininių trilerių “Chirurgas” ir “Užkratas” vertimų analizė: Paulinos Kruglinskienės ir Jono Čeponio vertimai” analizuojami du šios rašytojos romanai ir jų vertimai į lietuvių kalbą. Buvo iškelta hipotezė, kad tikslus atitikmuo (equivalent) ir angliškų terminų vertimas, pakeičiant tik nelietuviškas raides ir galūnes šitaip pritaikant juos prie lietuvių kalbos taisyklių (low localization) yra pagrindinės medicininių terminų vertimo strategijos. Šio darbo tikslas yra sužinoti, kokias vertimo strategijas naudoja Paulina Kruglinskienė ir Jonas Čeponis, versdami Tess Gerritsen medicininius trilerius. Šie du vertėjai buvo pasirinkti dėl kelių priežasčių: jie abu yra pagrindiniai Tess Gerritsen medicininių trilerių vertėjai į lietuvių kalbą (abu yra išvertę po šešis šios autorės romanus), abu vertėjai turi medicininį išsilavinimą ir didelę vertimo patirtį. Darbo tikslas yra išsiaiškinti, ar šie vertėjai naudoja panašias vertimo strategijas medicininiams terminams versti, ar ne ir kokią įtaką tam tikrų vertimo strategijų pasirinkimas turi vertimo kokybei. Teorinėje dalyje yra analizuojami įvairūs aspektai, susiję su Tess Gerritsen medicininių trilerių vertimu: žanras, trilerio žanras, jo požanriai, medicininių trilerių bruožai ir savybės, medicininės terminologijos ištakos ir pagrindiniai terminų vertimo sunkumai bei Eirly E. Davies vertimo strategijos, pagal kurias buvo grupuojami medicininiai terminai ir medicininių terminų ištakos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Fourie, Jean. "The quality of translation regarding medical research questionnaires." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53667.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Little scholarly reflection has been published on the subject of medical research and translation. The aim of this study is to contribute to such literature by investigating the quality of original and retranslated medical questionnaires. The various steps medical researchers follow when translating their questionnaires are considered and discussed. Particular attention is given to questionnaires on AIDS-related topics in South Africa, as well as to the role of translation in ensuring the collection of valid data in medical research. Different translation approaches, which are followed when translating medical texts, and the impact they have on the quality of the research, are discussed. These approaches are the linguistic, text-linguistic and functional approaches. Attention is given to translators as communicators and mediators, as well as to the more general role of the translator. This study hypothesises that the quality of translations of medical research questions is largely inadequate in communicating effectively with the target culture for which they are intended. The retranslation hypothesis stating that retranslations are closer to the source text (ST) than original translations is supported. Afrikaans- and Xhosa-speaking adolescents from two secondary schools in the Cape Peninsula participated in a before-after study. These learners received self-administered medical questions on the two occasions. The first set comprised original translations, while the second set contained retranslations of the ST questions. Evaluation questions were included to assess the quality of these translations. The design, translation approach and quality of the original translations are explained, as is the development of the retranslation and evaluation questionnaires. Translations that do not consider their target audience lead to communication gaps, which have an adverse effect on the validity of data derived from questionnaires that are used in medical research. The results of most of these questions are compared for the two target cultures and are analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The data are further explored to establish whether and how the translational quality of medical questionnaires can be improved. These aspects and the suggested translation process are discussed while bearing in mind the limitations of a study of this kind. Recommendations are made for possible improvement to the quality of translations of medical questionnaires. Projections for further studies in this direction complete this empirical investigation into translation and medical research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Relatief min akademiese nadenke is gepubliseer oor die onderwerp mediese navorsing en vertaling. Hierdie studie wil 'n bydrae maak tot sodanige literatuur deur 'n ondersoek na die kwaliteit van oorspronklik vertaalde en hervertaalde mediese vraelyste. Die onderskeie stappe wat mediese navorsers ten opsigte van die vertaling van hulle vraelyste volg, word bespreek. Aandag word spesifiek gerig op vraelyste oor vigsverwante temas in Suid-Afrika, asook op die rol van vertaling in die versekering dat geldige data in mediese navorsing ingesamel word. Verskeie benaderings wat gevolg word in die vertaling van mediese tekste en die impak wat hulle het op die kwaliteit van die navorsing word bespreek. Hierdie benaderings is die linguistiese, tekslinguistiese en funksionalistiese benaderings. Aandag word geskenk aan vertalers as kommunikeerders en tussengangers, asook die meer algemene rol van die vertaler. Hierdie studie veronderstel dat die kwaliteit van vertalings van mediese navorsingsvraelyste grootliks onvoldoende is om effektief met die betrokke teikengehoor te kommunikeer. Die hervertalingshipotese wat sê dat hervertalings nader aan die brontaal (Bn as oorspronklike vertalings is, word ondersteun. Afrikaans- en Xhosa-sprekende adolessente van twee sekondêre skole in die Skiereiland het deelgeneem aan 'n voor- en agtemastudie. Hierdie leerders het op beide geleenthede die vraelyste self voltooi. Die eerste stel het oorspronklike vertalings bevat terwyl die tweede stel hervertalings van die BT bevat het. Evalueringsvrae is ingesluit om die kwaliteit van hierdie vertalings te help bepaal. Die ontwerp, vertalingsbenadering en kwaliteit van die oorspronklike vertalings word verduidelik, so ook die ontwikkeling van die hervertaling- en evalueringsvraelyste. Vertalings wat nie die teikengehoor in ag neem nie, lei tot kommunikasiegapings wat die geldigheid van data afkomstig van vraelyste in mediese navorsing nadelig kan raak. Die resultate van die meeste van hierdie vrae word vir die twee teikenkulture vergelyk, en dit word kwalitatief en kwantitatief ontleed. Die data word verder ondersoek om vas te stelof en hoe die kwaliteit van die vertaling van mediese vraelyste verbeter sou kon word. Bogenoemde aspekte en die voorgestelde vertalingsproses word bespreek met inagneming van die beperkings van 'n studie van hierdie aard. Voorstelle word gemaak vir die moontlike verbetering van die vertaling van mediese vraelyste. Vooruitskattings vir verdere studie in hierdie rigting voltooi hierdie empiriese ondersoek na vertaling en mediese navorsing. Ek dra hierdie tesis op aan Mattheus vir sy liefde, geduld en al die tee-aandraery, asook aan Ettienne en Jeanelle wat met minder ondersteuning van my as andersins hulle skoolloopbane moes voltooi het.
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Lindgren, Anna. "Semi-Automatic Translation of Medical Terms from English to Swedish : SNOMED CT in Translation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medicinsk informatik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69736.
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The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare has been overseeing translations of the international clinical terminology SNOMED CT from English to Swedish. This study was performed to find whether semi-automatic methods of translation could produce a satisfactory translation while requiring fewer resources than manual translation. Using the medical English-Swedish dictionary TermColl translations of select subsets of SNOMED CT were produced by ways of translation memory and statistical translation. The resulting translations were evaluated via BLEU score using translations provided by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare as reference before being compared with each other. The results showed a strong advantage for statistical translation over use of a translation memory; however, overall translation results were far from satisfactory.Den internationella kliniska terminologin SNOMED CT har översatts från engelska till svenska under ansvar av Socialstyrelsen. Den här studien utfördes för att påvisa om semiautomatiska översättningsmetoder skulle kunna utföra tillräckligt bra översättning med färre resurser än manuell översättning. Den engelsk-svenska medicinska ordlistan TermColl användes som bas för översättning av delmängder av SNOMED CT via översättningsminne och genom statistisk översättning. Med Socialstyrelsens översättningar som referens poängsattes the semiautomatiska översättningarna via BLEU. Resultaten visade att statistisk översättning gav ett betydligt bättre resultat än översättning med översättningsminne, men över lag var resultaten alltför dåliga för att semiautomatisk översättning skulle kunna rekommenderas i detta fall.
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Rask, Nina. "Analysis of a Medical Translation : Terminology and cultural aspects." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2370.
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This analysis deals with the difficulties in translating a medical text from English into Swedish. As primary source, I have used a British textbook about geriatrics called Nursing Older People which is aimed at university students of nursing. The selected chapter is called Person-centred dementia care written by the authors Sue Davies, Barry Aveyard and Ian J. Norman. The translation difficulties have involved terminology and cultural aspects. This analysis shows how these problems were tackled by studying different translation theories, such as Munday (2001) who refers to Koller’s theory about equivalence and Vinay & Darbelnet’s model of direct translation and oblique translation as well as Ingo (2007) who accounts for text sort conventions.
The terminological problems involved choosing the most appropriate term for describing diagnosis, diseases, body organs and symptoms. There was a wide variety of terms from old Graeco-Latin terms to English terms coined in the 1990s. Other terms were related to the international field of epidemiology as well as the organisation of care for the elderly, based on the Swedish Social Services Act. A suitable choice was possible by considering aspects like frequent usage of field specific words and collocations in parallel texts.
The cultural aspects involved cultural references such as differences between Sweden and the UK as for national institutions and organisations. The solution was to find a cultural equivalent or, when this was not possible, explain the term in a footnote.
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Wiseman, N. A. R. "Translation of Chinese medical terms : a source-oriented approach." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341344.
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Kronvall, Maria. "Translating emergency medicine from English to Swedish : A translation study on noun compounds in medical terminology." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65511.
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Winther, Viktor. "Translation of Clinical Rupture Risk Factors for the Biomechanics based AAA Simulations." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214690.
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The abdominal aorta is the largest blood vessel in the abdomen and the main supplier of blood to the lower body. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an unnatural enlargement of the abdominal aorta, which is a serious condition with a high risk of mortality. If the aneurysm exceeds a certain diameter or growth rate, surgical interventions are justified. Use of a diameter-based criterion has been proven to be inaccurate though since some smaller aneurysms can rupture whilst some larger aneurysms remain quiescent. A biomechanical rupture risk assessment (BRRA) that utilizes the finite element method can be used to evaluate the risk of aneurysm rupture. The BRRA calculates the stresses in the aneurysm based upon CT scans and patients blood pressure. Comparing the stresses with the strength of wall in the aneurysm makes it possible to evaluate the risk of rupture. If the stress exceeds the strength, the aneurysm will rupture. To calculate the strength of the vessel wall, a strength equation is used. The strength equation consists of risk factors such as family history, gender, intra luminal pressure and aneurysm diameter. To individualize the assessment further it would be possible to identify and use other risk factors. Rupture risk factors were searched for through two spate literature searches. To identify the risk factors the search utilized keywords such as “rupture risk factors” and “abdominal aortic aneurysm” together with “peak wall stress” or “wall stress”. The search also used a state of the art article from previous research, which contained a list of risk factors that could be searched for. For a factor to be used in this study they had to be global risk factors. Instead of increasing the risk of rupture in a localised point in the aneurysm, a global factor affects the aneurysm uniformly throughout its entirety. The search focused on statistical trials that evaluate the factors impact on wall stress or wall strength. An AAA wall strength equation was constructed based on the rupture risk factors that were identified. This equation was translated into the Finite element analysis program (FEAP) to evaluate its behaviour. A statistical analysis was performed in Matlab using data from the program A4CLINICS developed by VASCOPS gMBh. Using 41 patients along with known patient characteristics and CT scans Biomechanical rupture risk assessment (BRRA) was conducted using the new strength equation. The assessment resulted in a new peak wall rupture index (PWRI). The resulting data was separated into two groups based upon their volume growth rate, one fast growing and one slow growing group. This separation was done for both the VASCOPS strength equation and the new one. Pearson correlation testing was used to test the correlation between both strength equations and volume growth or diameter growth. To evaluate the sensitivity of the strength equation, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were also used. The PWRI in fast and slow groups were not different (p-values of 0.1257 for VASCOPS and 0.0679 for the new equation). The Pearson correlation coefficients showed a higher correlation between new PWRI and volume growth compared to diameter growth. The new PWRI had a higher sensitivity for predicting the volume growth compared to the diameter growth. Initial volume and diameter had the highest sensitivity of all predictors. The new PWRI could be used to predict volume growth. Volume growth is a potential predictor of aneurysm rupture, which indicates the new PWRI can be used in the BRRA. But to achieve results with statistical significance, new simulations using larger population must be performed and the strength equation must be revised.
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Mashamba, Mabula. "Translation and cultural adaptation with reference to Tshivenda and English : a case study of the medical field." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2193.
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Thesis (M.A. (African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2011The aim of this study was to investigate the problems encountered by translators when translating medical terms from English into Tshivenda. It has been revealed in this study that the major problem that the translators are confronted with is lack of terminology in the specialized field such as Health. This problem is caused by the fact that different languages entail a variety of culture. The study revealed that most translators and lexicographers resort to transliteration and borrowing when confronted with zero-equivalence. They regard transliteration and borrowing as the quickest possible strategies. The study discovered that transliteration should not be opted as an alternative strategy to deal with zero-equivalence as users will be led to a state of confusion. The study revealed that communicative translation is regarded as the most fruitful method of translation as it conveys the exact message of the original in a best possible manner. Both the source and the target users get the same message. KEY CONCEPTS Translation, Culture, Source Language (SL), Target Language (TL), Translation equivalence and Zero-equivalence.
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Säll, El Kebich Amina. "Adverbial ing-clauses and non-ing initial adverbials in medical translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97954.
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This study investigates how non-ing initial adverbials and adverbial ing-clauses regardless of position are translated from English to Swedish in a medical text. It discusses what different kinds of positions and forms they take in the translation. The primary source is a medical text that is translated wherein the non-ing initial adverbials and adverbial ing-clauses are identified and categorized, and solutions are discussed. The results show that most non-ing initial adverbials keep their form, but are changed in some cases because of stylistic preferences. The most common form of the non-ing initial adverbials is prepositional phrases that mostly also are translated as prepositional phrases. The adverbial ing-clauses, regardless of position, change their form in all cases in the translation and the most common correspondence is subordination. Both non-ing initial adverbials and adverbial ingclauses keep their position in most cases, but are sometimes moved due to stylistic preferences.
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Alsharief, Fahda Fawaz. "Role of Translation Initiation in Regulation of Epithelial Junctions and Cell Motility." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5018.
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The integrity and barrier properties of intestinal epithelium are determined by specialized adhesive structures known as intercellular junctions; composed of adherens junctions (AJs), tight junctions (TJs) and focal adhesions that mediate cell-cell and cell matrix interactions, respectively. These two types of epithelial cell adhesions regulate each other during disruption and restitution of the epithelial barrier. Inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) are elevated during intestinal inflammation. The most notable effects of IFNγ and TNFα on intestinal epithelial homeostasis involve disruption of apical junctions and attenuation of cell migration. Although molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood, expressional downregulation of different adhesion proteins may play a major role in the cytokine-dependent disruption of the intestinal epithelial barriers. This thesis is based on the hypothesis that inhibition of the protein translation initiation machinery promotes the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier and attenuates epithelial restitution during mucosal inflammation. This study was focused on two eukaryotic translation initiation factors, eIF4G1 and eIF4G2, which play essential roles in the regulation of cap-dependent protein translation. Expression of both translation initiation factors was dramatically downregulated in model intestinal epithelial cell monolayers treated with IFNγ and TNFα in parallel to cytokine-induced disruption of the epithelial barrier. siRNA or shRNA-mediated downregulation of either eIF4G1, or eIF4G2 increased permeability of well-differentiated SK-CO15 intestinal epithelial cell monolayers and decreased expression of different adherens junction and tight junction proteins. Furthermore depletion of these translation initiating factors inhibits different modes of migration (wound healing and transfilter migration) of stem-cell like and well-differentiated intestinal epithelial cells. These findings suggest that eukaryotic translation initiation factors of the eIF4G family play unique roles in regulating integrity and restitution of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Downregulation of these translation initiating factors may mediate disruption of the intestinal epithelial barriers during mucosal inflammation.
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Makovhololo, Phathutshedzo. "The semantics of language translation using mobile systems in South African healthcare." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2771.
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Thesis (DPhil (Informatics))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.As in many parts of the world, the need for healthcare services is increasing rapidly in South Africa. Owing to many official languages in the country, health service delivery is continuously challenged by spoken language and semantics. The challenges result to poor health services in many areas of the country. Thus, this study was undertaken with the aim: to develop a framework which can be used to guide the selection and implementation of mobile systems in the translation of language semantics for improved healthcare service delivery in South Africa. For this purpose, the study was based on one significant research question: How can the challenge(s) of semantics and language translation in South African healthcare delivery be addressed using mobile systems? In achieving the aim of the study, a qualitative study was conducted using the semi-strtructured interviews to collect the data. The analysis of the data was carried out using the hermeneutic approach within the interpretative paradigm, which was guided by two theories, actor network theory (ANT) and diffusion of innovation (DOI). The ANT was used to focus on the interaction and relationship between human and non-human actors within a heterogeneous networks, in the activities of healthcare. The DOI was employed to examine how mobiles systems can be diffused, in addressing the challenges and barriers which the health facilities encounter from language perspective. The case study approach was followed, based on three cases, two healthcare organisations, and a community in the northern part of South Africa were used in the study. Based on the analysis of the data, the influencing factors were found, and interpreted. The interpretation helps gain deeper understanding of the challenges, from which a framework (see Figure 6.5 in Chapter 6) was developed. From an understanding of the factors that influence language semantics, and its translaton by using mobile systems, challenges in the South African healthcare can be reduced, and quality improved. The way in which the theories were used brought a fresh perspective to the study. In practice, the framework can be used by both healthcare practitioners and ICT specialists to guide the selection, use and support of mobile systems for the translation of language semantics in South Africa. The complementary use of ANT and DOI in the study contributes methodologically.
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Håkansson, Susanne. "Health and Place : Terminology, proper nouns and titles of cited publications in the translation of a text on medical geology." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Language and Literature, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8227.
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This essay deals with some of the difficulties that translation of a technical text may present, more specifically the handling of terminology, proper nouns and titles of cited publications. For this purpose, a text dealing with medical geology, taken from Essentials of Medical Geology (Selinus et al., 2005), was translated and analysed.
Medical geology is an interdisciplinary science and hence contains terminology from several different scientific areas. The present study includes terminology within the field of medicine and geochemistry in the analysis. The preferred and predominant translation procedure was literal translation (Munday, 2001:57). Many source text terms have synonyms in the target language. With the intention to preserve and transfer the level of technical style into the target text, terms were analysed and classified as belonging to one of three levels of technical style: academic, professional and popular (Newmark, 1988:151). The handling of proper nouns connected to medicine and geology was also included in the analysis. One common procedure is to use a translation which is established in the target language. The present study discusses the strategies used when no such established translation was found. The procedure of using a recognised translation was discussed in connection to the handling of titles of cited publications referred to in the source text.
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Ive, Julia. "Towards a Better Human-Machine Collaboration in Statistical Translation : Example of Systematic Medical Reviews." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS225/document.
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La traduction automatique (TA) a connu des progrès significatifs ces dernières années et continue de s'améliorer. La TA est utilisée aujourd'hui avec succès dans de nombreux contextes, y compris les environnements professionnels de traduction et les scénarios de production. Cependant, le processus de traduction requiert souvent des connaissances plus larges qu'extraites de corpus parallèles. Étant donné qu'une injection de connaissances humaines dans la TA est nécessaire, l'un des moyens possibles d'améliorer TA est d'assurer une collaboration optimisée entre l'humain et la machine. À cette fin, de nombreuses questions sont posées pour la recherche en TA: Comment détecter les passages où une aide humaine devrait être proposée ? Comment faire pour que les machines exploitent les connaissances humaines obtenues afin d'améliorer leurs sorties ? Enfin, comment optimiser l'échange: minimiser l'effort humain impliqué et maximiser la qualité de TA? Diverses solutions sont possibles selon les scénarios de traductions considérés. Dans cette thèse, nous avons choisi de nous concentrer sur la pré-édition, une intervention humaine en TA qui a lieu ex-ante, par opposition à la post-édition, où l'intervention humaine qui déroule ex-post. En particulier, nous étudions des scénarios de pré-édition ciblés où l'humain doit fournir des traductions pour des segments sources difficiles à traduire et choisis avec soin. Les scénarios de la pré-édition impliquant la pré-traduction restent étonnamment peu étudiés dans la communauté. Cependant, ces scénarios peuvent offrir une série d'avantages relativement, notamment, à des scénarios de post-édition non ciblés, tels que : la réduction de la charge cognitive requise pour analyser des phrases mal traduites; davantage de contrôle sur le processus; une possibilité que la machine exploite de nouvelles connaissances pour améliorer la traduction automatique au voisinage des segments pré-traduits, etc. De plus, dans un contexte multilingue, des difficultés communes peuvent être résolues simultanément pour de nombreuses langues. De tels scénarios s'adaptent donc parfaitement aux contextes de production standard, où l'un des principaux objectifs est de réduire le coût de l’intervention humaine et où les traductions sont généralement effectuées à partir d'une langue vers plusieurs langues à la fois. Dans ce contexte, nous nous concentrons sur la TA de revues systématiques en médecine. En considérant cet exemple, nous proposons une méthodologie indépendante du système pour la détection des difficultés de traduction. Nous définissons la notion de difficulté de traduction de la manière suivante : les segments difficiles à traduire sont des segments pour lesquels un système de TA fait des prédictions erronées. Nous formulons le problème comme un problème de classification binaire et montrons que, en utilisant cette méthodologie, les difficultés peuvent être détectées de manière fiable sans avoir accès à des informations spécifiques au système. Nous montrons que dans un contexte multilingue, les difficultés communes sont rares. Une perspective plus prometteuse en vue d'améliorer la qualité réside dans des approches dans lesquelles les traductions dans les différentes langues s’aident mutuellement à résoudre leurs difficultés. Nous intégrons les résultats de notre procédure de détection des difficultés dans un protocole de pré-édition qui permet de résoudre ces difficultés par pré-traduction. Nous évaluons le protocole dans un cadre simulé et montrons que la pré-traduction peut être à la fois utile pour améliorer la qualité de la TA et réaliste en termes d'implication des efforts humains. En outre, les effets indirects sont significatifs. Nous évaluons également notre protocole dans un contexte préliminaire impliquant des interventions humaines. Les résultats de ces expériences pilotes confirment les résultats obtenus dans le cadre simulé et ouvrent des perspectives encourageantes pour des tests ultérieuresMachine Translation (MT) has made significant progress in the recent years and continues to improve. Today, MT is successfully used in many contexts, including professional translation environments and production scenarios. However, the translation process requires knowledge larger in scope than what can be captured by machines even from a large quantity of translated texts. Since injecting human knowledge into MT is required, one of the potential ways to improve MT is to ensure an optimized human-machine collaboration. To this end, many questions are asked by modern research in MT: How to detect where human assistance should be proposed? How to make machines exploit the obtained human knowledge so that they could improve their output? And, not less importantly, how to optimize the exchange so as to minimize the human effort involved and maximize the quality of MT output? Various solutions have been proposed depending on concrete implementations of the MT process. In this thesis we have chosen to focus on Pre-Edition (PRE), corresponding to a type of human intervention into MT that takes place ex-ante, as opposed to Post-Edition (PE), where human intervention takes place ex-post. In particular, we study targeted PRE scenarios where the human is to provide translations for carefully chosen, difficult-to-translate, source segments. Targeted PRE scenarios involving pre-translation remain surprisingly understudied in the MT community. However, such PRE scenarios can offer a series of advantages as compared, for instance, to non-targeted PE scenarios: i.a., the reduction of the cognitive load required to analyze poorly translated sentences; more control over the translation process; a possibility that the machine will exploit new knowledge to improve the automatic translation of neighboring words, etc. Moreover, in a multilingual setting common difficulties can be resolved at one time and for many languages. Such scenarios thus perfectly fit standard production contexts, where one of the main goals is to reduce the cost of PE and where translations are commonly performed simultaneously from one language into many languages. A representative production context - an automatic translation of systematic medical reviews - is the focus of this work. Given this representative context, we propose a system-independent methodology for translation difficulty detection. We define the notion of translation difficulty as related to translation quality: difficult-to-translate segments are segments for which an MT system makes erroneous predictions. We cast the problem of difficulty detection as a binary classification problem and demonstrate that, using this methodology, difficulties can be reliably detected without access to system-specific information. We show that in a multilingual setting common difficulties are rare, and a better perspective of quality improvement lies in approaches where translations into different languages will help each other in the resolution of difficulties. We integrate the results of our difficulty detection procedure into a PRE protocol that enables resolution of those difficulties by pre-translation. We assess the protocol in a simulated setting and show that pre-translation as a type of PRE can be both useful to improve MT quality and realistic in terms of the human effort involved. Moreover, indirect effects are found to be genuine. We also assess the protocol in a preliminary real-life setting. Results of those pilot experiments confirm the results in the simulated setting and suggest an encouraging beginning of the test phase
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Doğru, Gökhan. "Terminological Quality Evaluation in Turkish to English Corpus-Based Machine Translation in Medical Domain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Estudis Interculturals, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673337.
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Els aspectes generals de qualitat de la traducció automàtica (TA), com l’adequació i la fluïdesa, s’han estudiat àmpliament, però els aspectes més detallats, com la qualitat de la traducció de la terminologia, s’han subestimat, especialment en el context dels estudis de traducció. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi és analitzar els tipus i freqüències d’errors terminològics en la traducció automàtica estadística (TAE) i la traducció automàtica neuronal (TAN) personalitzades amb l’objectiu final de comprendre com el tipus de sistema de TA, el tipus de corpus i la mida del corpus afecten la qualitat de la traducció de terminologia.
Un corpus paral·lel turc-anglès obtingut a partir de resums de revistes de cardiologia va ser creat des de zero per entrenar motors de TAE i TAN de dominis específics. Després, aquest corpus es va combinar amb un corpus de domini mixt i es van entrenar dos motors més. Després de realitzar una avaluació automàtica i una avaluació humana en aquests 4 motors, els errors de terminologia es van anotar segons una tipologia d’errors de terminologia personalitzada. S’ha trobat que els tipus i freqüències dels errors terminològics són significativament diferents en els sistemes TAE i TAN, i que els canvis en la mida i tipus de corpus han tingut un impacte més dràstic en el TAN en comparació amb la TAE.
Una contribució clau de la dissertació a la investigació sobre TA és la tipologia d’error de terminologia independent del llenguatge per avaluar les fortaleses i debilitats relatives de diferents sistemes de TA en termes de terminologia. A més, la troballa que els sistemes TAN exhibeixen diferents tipus d’errors de terme amb diferents freqüències implica que les guies de postedició concebudes específicament per a sistemes TAE podrien requerir canvis per tal d’adaptar-se al nou patró de comportament de TAN.Los aspectos generales de calidad de la traducción automática (TA), como la adecuación y la fluidez, se han estudiado ampliamente, pero los aspectos más detallados, como la calidad de la traducción de la terminología, se han subestimado, especialmente en el contexto de los estudios de traducción. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los tipos y frecuencias de errores terminológicos en la traducción automática estadística (TAE) y la traducción automática neuronal (TAN) con el objetivo final de comprender cómo el tipo de sistema de TA, el tipo de corpus y el tamaño del corpus afectan la calidad de la traducción de terminología. Un corpus paralelo turco-inglés obtenido a partir de resúmenes de revistas de cardiología se creó desde cero para entrenar motores de TAE y TAN de dominios específicos. Luego, este corpus se combina con un corpus de dominio mixto y se entrenaron dos motores más. Después de realizar una evaluación automática y una evaluación humana en estos 4 motores, los errores de terminología se anotaron según una tipología de errores de terminología personalizada. Se ha encontrado que los tipos y frecuencias de los errores terminológicos son significativamente diferentes en los sistemas TAE y TAN, y que los cambios en el tamaño y tipo de corpus tienen un impacto más drástico en el TAN en comparación con el TAE. Una contribución clave de la disertación es la tipología de error de terminología que se puede utilizar para evaluar las fortalezas y debilidades relativas de diferentes sistemas de TA en términos de terminología. Además, el hallazgo de que los sistemas TAN exhiben diferentes tipos de errores en los términos con diferentes frecuencias implica que las pautas de posedición que se prepararon para los textos resultantes de TAE deben actualizarse para adaptarse al nuevo patrón de comportamiento de TAN.
General quality aspects of machine translation (MT) such as adequacy and fluency are studied extensively, more fine-grained aspects such as the terminology translation quality have not received much attention especially in the context of translation studies. The objective of this study is to analyze the types and frequencies of terminology errors in custom statistical machine translation (SMT) and neural machine translation (NMT) with the goal of understanding how MT system type, corpus type and corpus size affect the terminology translation quality. A Turkish – English parallel corpus obtained from cardiology journal abstracts was built from scratch for training domain-specific SMT and NMT engines. Then, this domain-specific corpus is combined with a mixed domain corpus and two more engines were trained. After conducting automatic evaluation and human evaluation on these 4 engines, terminology errors were annotated based on a custom terminology error typology. It was found that the types and frequencies of terminology errors are significantly different in SMT and NMT systems, and that changes in corpus size and corpus type had more drastic impact on NMT compared to SMT. A key contribution of the dissertation to the MT research is the crafted language-agnostic terminology error typology which can be used for evaluating the relative strengths and weakness of different MT systems in terms of terminology. Besides, the finding that NMT systems exhibit different types of term errors with different frequencies implies that postediting guidelines conceived specifically for SMT systems could require changes to accommodate the behavior pattern of NMT.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Estudis Interculturals
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Martinez, Villermosa Luz Marina. "Contribution à la didactique de la traduction spécialisée : le cas de la traduction médicale en espagnol (pratiques, outils, méthodes)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL020.
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Le nombre de traductions médicales vers l’espagnol est en constante augmentation. Cependant, les traducteurs spécialisés dans ce domaine ne sont pas assez pour pouvoir combler les besoins du marché d’après les différentes enquêtes réalisées ces dernières années par des chercheurs espagnols. Considérant le manque d’études empiriques portant sur l’enseignement-apprentissage de la traduction médicale, ainsi que celui de la traduction spécialisée, nous nous sommes intéressés aux moyens de rapprocher les formations universitaires des conditions actuelles de l’activité professionnelle.Pour cette raison, l’objectif de la présente thèse est d’apporter une contribution à la didactique de la traduction spécialisée, notamment de la traduction médicale français-espagnol, grâce à la création d’une méthode d’enseignement-apprentissage qui permettra le transfert des compétences professionnelles pour les traducteurs listées par le Groupe d’expert EMT (European Master’s in Translation)The number of medical translations to Spanish is constantly increasing. However, specialized translators in this field are not enough to meet the needs of the market according to the different surveys carried out in recent years by Spanish researchers. Considering the lack of empirical studies on the teaching-learning of medical translation, as well as that of specialized translation, we looked at ways to bring university courses closer to the current conditions of professional activity.For this reason, the purpose of the present thesis is intended to be a contribution to the didactics of specialized translation, especially French-Spanish medical translation, by creating a teaching-learning method that will allow transfer of professional skills for translators listed by the EMT Expert Group (European Master's in Translation)
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Fred, Rikard G. "The Role of RNA Binding Proteins in Insulin Messenger Stability and Translation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk cellbiologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-130234.
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Although the reason for insufficient release of insulin in diabetes mellitus may vary depending on the type and stage of the disease, it is of vital importance that an amplified insulin biosynthesis can meet the increased need during periods of hyperglycemia. The insulin mRNA is highly abundant in beta cells and changes in insulin mRNA levels are, at least in part, controlled by altered rates of mRNA degradation. Since the mechanisms behind the control of insulin messenger stability and translation are still largely obscure, the work presented in this thesis therefore aimed to further investigate the role of insulin mRNA binding proteins in the control of insulin mRNA break-down and utilization for insulin biosynthesis. To clarify how glucose regulates insulin mRNA stability and translation we studied the correlation between polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) gene expression and insulin mRNA levels. It was found that an increase in PTB mRNA and protein levels is paralleled by an increase in insulin mRNA levels. It was also found that PTB binds to the 5’-untranslated region of the insulin mRNA and that insulin mRNA can be translated through a cap-independent mechanism in human islets of Langerhans, possibly due to the interaction with PTB. Further it was discovered that the suppressed insulin biosynthesis in human islets during glucotoxicity is partly due to an induction of the microRNA miR-133a. This induction leads to decreased levels of PTB and insulin biosynthesis rates in human islets. Finally, we were able to identify two proteins, hnRNP U and TIAR, that bind specifically to the insulin mRNA in vitro, and show that the stability and translation of insulin mRNA is oppositely affected by these proteins. In conclusion, insulin producing cells seem to be able to regulate insulin messenger stability and translation by a control mechanism in which the binding of specific proteins to the insulin messenger dictates the outcome. A better understanding of the events leading to insulin production may in the future aid in optimal diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Silva, Tais Cerqueira. "The Medicalisation of Domestic Violence; Medical discourses on Violence Against Women and Their Translation into Politics." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520586.
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Rush, Gavin John. "Gene expression in Mycobacteria : attenuation of gene expression by antisense methods and translation enhancement by downstream box elements." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2718.
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Runyeon-Odeberg, Kristina. "Loss, Gain, and Chromosomes : Readability and Translation Shifts in Medical Information for Families of Children with 10q25/10q26 Deletions." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-90527.
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The purpose of this thesis for the degree of Master, one year, is to investigate the translation of medical information from British English into Swedish. The analysis is concerned with readability and terminology. In specific, the areas of investigation are how readability of the material compares to other studies, what translation strategies or sources a translator may use, and what kind of translation shifts the terms analyzed undergo. The source text material consists of some six thousand words from a leaflet called 10q25 and 10q26 Deletions from Unique, a charity organization based in Great Britain, which welcomes families located worldwide as members. The theory in this thesis is based on previous research within the focus areas of readability, terminology, translation strategies, and translation shifts. Examples include Frege (1948 [1892]), Ogden and Richards (1923), Flesch(1948), McLaughlin (1969), Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), Deléger et al (2010), Kolahi andShirvani (2012), and Acar and İşisağ (2017). The text material does not fulfill the professional recommendations regarding readability, which confirms observations from previous studies. Overall, there is a tendency towards an improved readability level in the translation, which contradicts one bilingual study (Kolahi and Shirvani) but partially confirms another (Acar and İşisağ). Of the terms identified for analysis, 49.4 % have been found to require translation strategies sorting under oblique translation, where the predominant method is transposition. A significantly higher number of terms have been found in term banks and corpora than indicated in a previous study.
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Ma, Chon Teng. "Biopotential readout front-end circuits using frequency-translation filtering techniques." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2182904.
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Abraham, Monnie. "A Phenomenological Inquiry of Nurses' Lived Experiences of Implementing Evidence in Practice." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4495.
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Research-informed practice is crucial to ensure best possible decisions are made during care delivery. In reality, research-based evidence often does not reach patient care due to many elements that impede the implementation process. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover the lived experiences of nurses involved in implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) in clinical settings within hospitals in United Arab Emirates. The theoretical and conceptual basis for the study was derived from Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework for knowledge translation and Benner's Novice to Expert theory. Twelve nurses who had experience implementing evidence to practice were the participants of this study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Three themes emerged from the study that included the significance of EBP, the process of evidence translation, and the outcome of evidence translation. Nurses in the clinical settings had basic understanding of EBP and were motivated to translate evidence, but their knowledge and skill in EBP were still limited. The implication for positive social change of this study is the recommendation that leaders in healthcare and nursing, as well as educators, and researchers to recognize the need for building EBP capabilities among nurses. Organizations must include current theories, frameworks, and tools of evidence translation to cultivate a culture of EBP as a foundation for patient care.
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Grant, Mark David. "Dieting for an emperor : a translation of Books 1 and 4 of Oribasius' Medical compilations with an introduction and commentary /." Leiden : Brill, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37320794c.
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Daniels, Charlotte Jane. "Mathematical approaches for the clinical translation of hyperpolarised 13C imaging in oncology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275339.
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Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarisation is an emerging clinical technique which enables the metabolism of hyperpolarised 13C-labelled molecules to be dynamically and non- invasively imaged in tissue. The first molecule to gain clinical approval is [1-13C]pyruvate, the conversion of which to [1-13C]lactate has been shown to detect early treatment re- sponse in cancers and correlate with tumour grade. As the technique has recently been translated into humans, accurate and reliable quantitative methods are required in order to detect, analyse and compare regions of altered metabolism in patients. Furthermore, there is a requirement to understand the biological processes which govern lactate pro- duction in tumours in order to draw reliable conclusions from this data. This work begins with a comprehensive analysis of the quantitative methods which have previously been applied to hyperpolarised 13C data and compares these to some novel approaches. The most appropriate kinetic model to apply to hyperpolarised data is determined and some simple, robust quantitative metrics are identified which are suitable for clinical use. A means of automatically segmenting 5D hyperpolarised imaging data using a fuzzy Markov random field approach is presented in order to reliably identify regions of abnormal metabolic activity. The utility of the algorithm is demonstrated on both in silico and animal data. To gain insight into the processes driving lactate metabolism, a mathematical model is developed which is capable of simulating tumour growth and treatment response under a range of metabolic and tissue conditions, focusing on the interaction between tumour and stroma. Finally, hyperpolarised 13C-pyruvate imaging data from the first human subjects to be imaged in Cambridge is analysed. The ability to detect and quantify lactate production in patients is demonstrated through application of the methods derived in earlier chapters. The mathematical approaches presented in this work have the potential to inform both the analysis and interpretation of clinical hyperpolarised 13C imaging data and to aid in the clinical translation of this technique.
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Van, Dalen Elaine. "The rhetorical strategies in the Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms : an exploration of metadiscourse in medieval medical Arabic." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-rhetorical-strategies-in-the-arabic-commentaries-on-the-hippocratic-aphorismsan-exploration-of-metadiscourse-in-medieval-medical-arabic(83069527-3f1f-4095-be3a-36318ad3f52c).html.
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This thesis offers an analysis of the Arabic Commentaries on the Hippocratic Aphorisms (9th-15th centuries AD) on three levels, (i) translation, (ii) individual styles and (iii) genre. It particularly examines meta-discursive features such as cohesion, subjectivity, hedges, the addressing of readership, and the formulation of truth statements. The analysis of these features reveals rhetorical conventions in the corpus that indicate a discursive unity of the genre of the medieval medical commentary. Yet, this study also shows considerable stylistic variation between the individual commentators which, besides its intrinsic value, is crucial for the identification of these authors’ texts. Moreover, this research examines how the rhetorical features of the later commentaries have developed after the fashion of Ḥunayn Ibn Isḥāq’s 9th-century translation of Galen’s 2nd-century Greek commentary. This study highlights significant differences between Ḥunayn’s rhetorical strategies and those in the later Arabic commentaries. Thus, this work demonstrates discontinuities between Greek and Arabic medical discourses, despite the huge influence of Ḥunayn’s translation. This thesis uses an innovative quantitative methodology combining both close reading and distant reading techniques to study Ḥunayn’s translation technique, and compare Ḥunayn’s style with that of the later commentators. Furthermore, this study advances the understanding of the ways of writing in scientific medieval Arabic. Finally, the separate studies in this thesis contribute knowledge regarding grammatical phenomena such as modals, conjunctions, and conditionals in Classical Arabic.
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Grant, Mark D. "Food and diet in late antiquity : a translation of Books 1 and 4 of Oribasius' 'Medical compilations', with an introduction and commentary." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2648.
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The opinion of W. H. S. Jones that Oribasius is 'an author that nobody wishes to read through' is probably coincident with the view of most Classicists who have ever read the Medical Compilations to judge from the almost total neglect Oribasius has suffered. Translations of the whole work have appeared only in Latin and French. This thesis is an attempt to redress this injustice, and the commentary is designed to indicate Oribasius' source for each quotation or paraphrase, assess the accuracy and comprehensibility of the contents, and discover the reasons behind the recommendations and rejections of certain cakes, breads, fruits, and vegetables, the emphasis being on ancient food and diet rather than medicine and philosophy. Books 1 and 4 are linked by their common themes of grains and breads, and thus have been chosen for examination. With the absence of any modern work on ancient Greek cuisine, and with the fullest accounts of Roman cooking often lacking in detail or accuracy, particular care has been taken to supply as full a set of references as possible which will perhaps prove useful for further study. The text on which the commentary is based is that prepared with great thoroughness and accuracy in 1928 by J. Raeder with some small changes. The translation, the first into English, offers no claims at elegance, but is there merely to assist with the reading of the Greek text. The thesis ends with both an index listing according to the forms in which they appear all the words in Books 1 and 4, with the exception of some common particles, and also a general index.
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Nilsson, Therese. "Nominalphrasen in medizinischer Fachsprache : Übersetzung von Termini und erweiterten Attributen in einem deutschen wissenschaftlichen Artikel." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5605.
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Medical information must be available for all people in the world. Therefore it is important to translate medical research articles into foreign languages. The aim of this essay was to translate a German medical research article called “Troponinerhöhung und EKG-Veränderungen bei Schlaganfall und Subarachnoidalblutung” into Swedish and to analyse how problems that appeared during the translation process could be solved. The analysis was based on Vinay and Darbelnets, Kollers and Ingos translation theories and dealt with the question how to translate German noun phrases into Swedish. Special attention was paid to noun phrases consisting of medical terms and noun phrases containing extended modifiers.
The medical terms in the source text were divided into three categories depending on their origin, Greek and Latin terms, German terms and English terms. The translation of a large number of Greek and Latin terms was based on the translation procedure called borrowing. Calque was represented especially in the translation of terms of German origin, whereas borrowing or paraphrasing was preferred when translating English terms.
There were 63 noun phrases with extended modifiers in the source text. Two fifths of these corresponded to Swedish noun phrases with extended modifiers, whereas the rest must be translated into Swedish noun phrases with adjective premodifiers or relative clauses or into verbal expressions.
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Smith, Cara. "Protecting the Rights of Limited English Proficiency Patients During Hospital Discharge." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/491897.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
Discharge instructions were originally created to alleviate the burden of transitioning from inpatient hospitalization to outpatient care. The US healthcare model's evolution throughout the 20th and 21st centuries has firmly distinguished inpatient providers from outpatient providers, with little continuity between them. As a patient leaves inpatient care there is an increasing need for clear discharge instructions to help navigate complex diseases and care regimens. However, comprehension of discharge instructions, both oral and written, is a major obstacle for many populations, with certain demographics especially affected. Populations with limited English proficiency (LEP), for example, are commonly provided discharge instructions in English, preventing them from fully engaging in their care and from understanding information that is paramount to a smooth transition to outpatient settings. Many factors contribute to the failure to provide this and other care in LEP patients' primary languages. Factors include but are not limited to: misinformation regarding price of interpreter services and time necessary to use these services, biases against LEP populations, and ignorance regarding the effect this has on the LEP population. This paper discusses the background of discharge instructions, reasons for development, the price LEP patients pay when we fail to provide care in their primary language, and possible reasons why we fail to provide that care.
Temple University--Theses
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SPANO, MARCELLA. "Traduzione e Discorso Medico: il Ruolo del Traduttore nel Processo di Composizione degli Articoli di Ricerca Medici." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/685.
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La presente ricerca ha come obiettivo l’analisi del ruolo del traduttore specializzato nel processo di composizione degli articoli di ricerca medici. In particolare, si occupa dell’analisi degli interventi di revisione di due traduttori specializzati, rispettivamente di madrelingua italiana e di madrelingua inglese, su cinque articoli di ricerca scritti da autori italiani in lingua inglese, successivamente pubblicati su riviste internazionali. L’analisi viene affrontata da duplice punto di vista qualitativo e quantitativo. I risultati individuano il tipo di intervento che ogni traduttore realizza nei testi. Inoltre, la ricerca evidenzia nell’intervento del traduttore di madrelingua italiana l’uso di strutture lessicali e fraseologiche meno frequenti nel discorso medico. È quindi possibile concludere che lo studio del processo di revisione del traduttore nella composizione degli articoli di ricerca medici rappresenta un valido strumento per l’analisi dell’uso della lingua inglese nelle comunità di ricerca multilingue.This dissertation describes the role of the specialized translator in the process of the composition of medical research articles. The dissertation investigates the revisions of two specialized translators, respectively Italian and English native speakers, in five medical research articles written by Italian doctors in English and subsequently published in international specialised medical journals. An analysis of the revisions performed by the native and non-native speakers is undertaken using qualitative and quantitative research methods. The results of this analysis describe the respective changes that each translator makes to the texts, and explains how the final text is mediated differently by native and non-native speaking translators. The research highlights that the Italian translator introduces lexical and phraseologic features that are less frequently used in medical discourse. I conclude that this has implications for understanding the way in which English is used in multi-lingual research communication, and suggest that the study of the intervention of the translator in the process of medical research article composition is a useful way of analysing the developing profile of the use of English in multi-lingual research communities.
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Karlsson, Simon, and Per Welander. "Generative Adversarial Networks for Image-to-Image Translation on Street View and MR Images." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148475.
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Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) is a deep learning method that has been developed for synthesizing data. One application for which it can be used for is image-to-image translations. This could prove to be valuable when training deep neural networks for image classification tasks. Two areas where deep learning methods are used are automotive vision systems and medical imaging. Automotive vision systems are expected to handle a broad range of scenarios which demand training data with a high diversity. The scenarios in the medical field are fewer but the problem is instead that it is difficult, time consuming and expensive to collect training data. This thesis evaluates different GAN models by comparing synthetic MR images produced by the models against ground truth images. A perceptual study is also performed by an expert in the field. It is shown by the study that the implemented GAN models can synthesize visually realistic MR images. It is also shown that models producing more visually realistic synthetic images not necessarily have better results in quantitative error measurements, when compared to ground truth data. Along with the investigations on medical images, the thesis explores the possibilities of generating synthetic street view images of different resolution, light and weather conditions. Different GAN models have been compared, implemented with our own adjustments, and evaluated. The results show that it is possible to create visually realistic images for different translations and image resolutions.
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Green, Frida. "HEALTH BY CHOCOLATE : "Food of the Gods: Cure for Humanity? A Cultural History of the Medicinal and Ritual Use of Chocolate"." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1394.
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Abstract
Translation is not an easy task. There is a plethora of problems and difficulties which needs to be tackled in the process of translating a text from one language to another. This analysis concentrates on three of them – terminology, connectors and cultural aspects. The study is based on the Swedish translation of an English text concerning the medical and ritual use of chocolate in ancient Native American cultures as well as in Europe during the colonial era. The main problem encountered in the translation of this text was how to generalize it so it would suit the Swedish public but still maintain the level of formality of the source text. The specialized terminology found belongs to the fields of medicine and botany and these terms were often explained or replaced with more common words. A couple of the cultural aspects were also explained, since, for example, the cultural area Mesoamerica may not be known to the target readers unless they are knowledgeable in anthropology or archaeology. This made the target text somewhat less formal than the original so, to compensate, the translation of the adverbial connectors however and thus were on occasion translated with the more formal Swedish emellertid and således.
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Ventura, Isabella. "La crisi della resistenza agli antibiotici. Traduzione dall'inglese all'italiano di due articoli di rassegna scientifica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Oggetto di questa tesi è la traduzione dall'inglese all'italiano di due articoli di rassegna scientifica sul tema della resistenza agli antibiotici apparsinel 2015 sulla rivista statunitense P&T. I testi costituiscono una preziosa fonte di informazioni per il panorama scientifico internazionale e offrono importanti spunti di riflessione e di iniziativa per tutte le altre aree del mondo. La rilevanza dell’argomento trattato, infatti, si estende oltre i confini del singolo Paese e coinvolge tutte le parti interessate dal fenomeno, dal professionista sanitario al cittadino. Il presente lavoro si propone di produrre un testo completo e organico per il pubblico italiano di esperti del settore che intende approfondire l’argomento da una prospettiva multidiscplinare, ma non esclude la possibililtà di raggiungere un pubblico di persone “non addette ai lavori” che possiedono sufficienti interesse personale e strumenti conoscitivi per comprendere, almeno in maniera sommaria, le informazioni riportate negli articoli, grazie alla possibilità di consultarli liberamente online. La traduzione proposta potrebbe, inoltre, contribuire ad arricchire la letteratura scientifica disponibile in lingua italiana che, talvolta, passa in secondo piano per via della predominanza dell’inglese all’interno della produzione scientifica internazionale. Il primo capitolo fornisce alcune informazioni preliminari sull'argomento; il secondo offre una panoramica teorica sulle lingue speciali e, in particolare, sulla lingua della medicina; il terzo capitolo contiene l'analisi dei testi di partenza, mentre il quarto presenta le risorse che sono state utilizzate per la traduzione; nel quinto capitolo sono esposti il TP e il TA in italiano, mentre il sesto capitolo è dedicato a un'analisi dettagliata delle principali difficoltà riscontrate in fase traduttiva e le strategie adottate per risolverle.
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Stokes, Todd Hamilton. "Development of a visualization and information management platform in translational biomedical informatics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33967.
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Translational Biomedical Informatics (TBMI) is an emerging discipline expanding beyond traditional bioinformatics, with a focus on developing computational technologies for real-world biomedical practice. The goal of my Ph.D. research is to address a few key challenges in TBI, including: (1) the high quality and reproducibility required by medical applications when processing high throughput data, (2) the need for knowledge management solutions that allow molecular data to be handled and evaluated by researchers, regulators, and doctors collectively, (3) the need for near real-time, efficient access to decision-oriented visualizations of integrated data and data processing results, and (4) the need for an integrated solution that can evolve as medical consensus evolves, without requiring retraining, overhaul or replacement. This dissertation resulted in the development and adoption of concrete web-based application deliverables in regular use by bioinformaticians, clinicians, biologists and nanotechnologists. These include: the Chip Artifact Correction (caCORRECT) web site and grid services, the ArrayWiki community microarray repository, and the SimpleVisGrid visualization grid services (including eGOMiner, nanoDRIVE, PathwayVis and SphingoVisGrid).
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Lindell, Klara. "A standard case of subtitling. : A comparative analysis of the subtitling of Scrubs and House M.D. with a focus on medical terminology." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78325.
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Toury’s first law of translation states that translation of all kinds entails standardisation and, moreover, that the more peripheral the status of a text is, the more standardised its translation will be. As such, the purpose of this essay was to investigate to what extent this holds true in the Swedish translations of the two US television hospital shows Scrubs and House M.D. Though they are both hospital shows, House M.D. – considering its unprecedented genre hybridity and unusual plot structure – is a less mainstream and, as such, more peripheral example of a hospital show than Scrubs, which is more mainstream and, consequently, has a more central position within this genre. The object of study concerned the genre-specific register shared by the two shows – i.e. the medical terminology – which was extracted together with its Swedish subtitles and analysed, mainly in terms of coupled pairs. The analysis consisted of identifying which translation strategies had been adopted in the transfer of terminology and, moreover, what these strategies had entailed in terms of semantic increase, decrease, or correspondence between the original texts and their translations. From this it was concluded that both texts were indeed standardised and, additionally, that House M.D. – as the more peripheral of the two texts – had undergone a more extensive standardisation than Scrubs – being the text holding a more central status.
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Barry, Samuel Chew. "The question of Syriac influence upon early Arabic translations of the Aphorisms of Hippocrates." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-question-of-syriac-influence-upon-early-arabic-translations-of-the-aphorisms-of-hippocrates(2b3f4f66-1192-46e7-83f4-34ba6a91d936).html.
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This thesis takes up the question of the part played by Syriac sources in the composition of early Arabic translations of the Hippocratic Aphorisms. In it, I compare the four major extant Syriac and Arabic translations of the Aphorisms with continual reference to the content of Syriac lexicons composed by the translator Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq and his students and successors. Through detailed treatments of both the definitions and translations of scores of individual Greek terms found in these sources, as well as through analysis of the translations of the Aphorisms, I weigh the relative importance of Greek and Syriac scholarship for Ḥunayn's translation praxis. In doing so, I specify the value of the Syriac lexicons for the study of Greek-to-Arabic translation while clarifying several outstanding issues in the broader history of Syriac and Arabic medicine.
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Paiva, Paula Tavares Pinto. "Estudo em corpora de traduções e três glossários bilíngues nas subáreas de anestesiologia, cardiologia e ortopedia /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93900.
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Orientador: Diva Cardoso de CamargoBanca: Lídia Almeida Barros
Banca: Antônio Paulo Berber Sardinha
Resumo: Este estudo examinou traduções de termos médicos de maior freqüência em três subáreas médicas: anestesiologia, cardiologia e ortopedia, bem como observou traços de simplificação e de explicitação apresentados pelos tradutores de cada subárea. Para tanto, fundamentamo-nos, principalmente, nos Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus (Baker, 1993, 1995, 1996; Camargo, 2004, 2005), na Lingüística de Corpus (Berber Sardinha, 2000, 2004; Tognini-Bonelli, 2001) e em parte, na Terminologia (Aubert, 1996; Barros, 2004; Krieger & Finatto, 2004). Para a compilação do corpus de estudo, foram utilizados artigos científicos de revistas brasileiras bilíngües e de revistas estrangeiras de renome na comunidade médica das respectivas subáreas. A pesquisa conta com o auxílio de três ferramentas: WordList, KeyWords e Concord, disponibilizadas pelo programa WordSmith Tools versão 3.0. A comparação dos termos médicos das três subáreas foi feita a partir de um corpus paralelo de textos originais e de textos traduzidos, e de dois corpora comparáveis de textos de mesma natureza originalmente escritos em português e em inglês. O levantamento de termos médicos mais freqüentes em português para cada subárea permitiu a elaboração de um glossário com os respectivos termos equivalentes em inglês, acompanhados do seu contexto em ambas as línguas. O exame de traços de simplificação e de explicitação possibilitou a identificação de estratégias por parte dos três tradutores diante de textos das respectivas subáreas médicas.
Abstract: The present study aims at observing the most frequent medical terms in Portuguese and their translation into English from three medical fields, Anesthesiology, Cardiology and Orthopaedics, as well as examining aspects of simplification and explicitation shown in the respective translator's texts from each medical area. The methodology adopted is that of Corpus-based Translation Studies (Baker 1993, 1995, 1996; Camargo, 2004, 2005), Corpus Linguistics (Berber Sardinha, 2000, 2004; Tognini-Bonelli, 2001); and Terminology (Aubert, 1996; Barros, 2004; Krieger & Finatto, 2004). For compiling the main corpus, we used scientific papers from bilingual Brazilian journals and foreign journals well-known in their respective medical fields. This study used three tools: WordList, KeyWords and Concord, from the software WordSmith Tools version 3.0. A comparison of medical terms was carried out based on a parallel corpus of original and translated texts, and on two comparable corpora composed by texts originally written in Portuguese and in English. After listing and analyzing the most frequent medical terms in Portuguese, we compiled a glossary with the respective equivalents in English followed by their contexts in both languages for each of the three medical areas. The observation of simplification and explicitation features revealed strategies used by the three translators when dealing with medical texts.
Mestre
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Xu, Libo. "GAN-based Automatic Segmentation of Thoracic Aorta from Non-contrast-Enhanced CT Images." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-295428.
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The deep learning-based automatic segmentation methods have developed rapidly in recent years to give a promising performance in the medical image segmentation tasks, which provide clinical medicine with an accurate and fast computer-aided diagnosis method. Generative adversarial networks and their extended frameworks have achieved encouraging results on image-to-image translation problems. In this report, the proposed hybrid network combined cycle-consistent adversarial networks, which transformed contrast-enhanced images from computed tomography angiography to the conventional low-contrast CT scans, with the segmentation network and trained them simultaneously in an end-to-end manner. The trained segmentation network was tested on the non-contrast-enhanced CT images. The synthetic process and the segmentation process were also implemented in a two-stage manner. The two-stage process achieved a higher Dice similarity coefficient than the baseline U-Net did on test data, but the proposed hybrid network did not outperform the baseline due to the field of view difference between the two training data sets.
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Paiva, Paula Tavares Pinto [UNESP]. "Estudo em corpora de traduções e três glossários bilíngues nas subáreas de anestesiologia, cardiologia e ortopedia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93900.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
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paiva_ptp_me_sjrp.pdf: 1956034 bytes, checksum: 439ede6ac47e2ddd1cddf5dc9c2cf089 (MD5)Este estudo examinou traduções de termos médicos de maior freqüência em três subáreas médicas: anestesiologia, cardiologia e ortopedia, bem como observou traços de simplificação e de explicitação apresentados pelos tradutores de cada subárea. Para tanto, fundamentamo-nos, principalmente, nos Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus (Baker, 1993, 1995, 1996; Camargo, 2004, 2005), na Lingüística de Corpus (Berber Sardinha, 2000, 2004; Tognini-Bonelli, 2001) e em parte, na Terminologia (Aubert, 1996; Barros, 2004; Krieger & Finatto, 2004). Para a compilação do corpus de estudo, foram utilizados artigos científicos de revistas brasileiras bilíngües e de revistas estrangeiras de renome na comunidade médica das respectivas subáreas. A pesquisa conta com o auxílio de três ferramentas: WordList, KeyWords e Concord, disponibilizadas pelo programa WordSmith Tools versão 3.0. A comparação dos termos médicos das três subáreas foi feita a partir de um corpus paralelo de textos originais e de textos traduzidos, e de dois corpora comparáveis de textos de mesma natureza originalmente escritos em português e em inglês. O levantamento de termos médicos mais freqüentes em português para cada subárea permitiu a elaboração de um glossário com os respectivos termos equivalentes em inglês, acompanhados do seu contexto em ambas as línguas. O exame de traços de simplificação e de explicitação possibilitou a identificação de estratégias por parte dos três tradutores diante de textos das respectivas subáreas médicas.
The present study aims at observing the most frequent medical terms in Portuguese and their translation into English from three medical fields, Anesthesiology, Cardiology and Orthopaedics, as well as examining aspects of simplification and explicitation shown in the respective translator's texts from each medical area. The methodology adopted is that of Corpus-based Translation Studies (Baker 1993, 1995, 1996; Camargo, 2004, 2005), Corpus Linguistics (Berber Sardinha, 2000, 2004; Tognini-Bonelli, 2001); and Terminology (Aubert, 1996; Barros, 2004; Krieger & Finatto, 2004). For compiling the main corpus, we used scientific papers from bilingual Brazilian journals and foreign journals well-known in their respective medical fields. This study used three tools: WordList, KeyWords and Concord, from the software WordSmith Tools version 3.0. A comparison of medical terms was carried out based on a parallel corpus of original and translated texts, and on two comparable corpora composed by texts originally written in Portuguese and in English. After listing and analyzing the most frequent medical terms in Portuguese, we compiled a glossary with the respective equivalents in English followed by their contexts in both languages for each of the three medical areas. The observation of simplification and explicitation features revealed strategies used by the three translators when dealing with medical texts.
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Hesselgren, Katarina, and Linn Enqvist. "Översättning och validering av del III, Motor Examination, i bedömningsinstrumentet MDS-UPDRS för utvärdering av motoriska symtom vid Parkinsons sjukdom." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Medicinsk vetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30782.
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Bakgrund: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale är ett bedömningsinstrument som är frekvent använt, både i Sverige och internationellt, inom vården för personer med Parkinsons sjukdom. Under 2001 granskades och reviderades instrumentet vilket resulterade i en ny version benämnt Movement Disorder Society Unified Disease Rating Scale. Del III av MDSUPDRS syftar till att undersöka motoriska symtom och anses viktiga i bland annat fysioterapeuters utredning och som utvärdering efter behandling. I dagsläget saknas en svensk validerad översättning av del III. Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete var att översätta del III av bedömningsinstrumentet MDSUPDRS från engelska till svenska och därefter undersöka innehållsvaliditet för den svenska versionen. Metod: Översättningen skedde genom forward translation, backward translation samt analys av innehållsvaliditet genom Content Validity Index (CVI). Översättningen undersöktes med hjälp av fem forskningspersoner, sakkunniga inom området. Validitet analyserades under två skattningsomgångar utifrån följande CVI-delar med tillhörande referensvärden: I-CVI (0,80), S-CVI/AVE (0,90) och S-CVI/UA (0,80). Resultat: Efter två omgångar skattade samtliga forskningspersoner 20 av 24 frågor som relevanta med ett I-CVI-värde på 1,0. Resterande fyra frågor uppnådde ett I-CVI-värde på 0,80. Värdena för S-CVI/AVE och S-CVI/UA var 0,97 respektive 0,83, vilket innebar att dessa översteg de uppsatta referensvärdena. Skalan kan därmed i sin helhet ses som valid, då samtliga CVI-värden uppnådde de uppsatta referensvärdena. Slutsats: Den översatta versionen kan i sin helhet betraktas som valid.Background: The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale is a frequently used assessment tool world wide in clinics in care of people with Parkinson’s disease. In 2001, the assessment tool were reviewed and revised, which was titled Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Part III of MDS-UPDRS aims to investigate motor symptoms and is considered important in, among other things, physiotherapists' investigation, and as evaluation after treatment. Currently, a Swedish validated translation of Part III is lacking. Aim: The aim of this study is to translate part III of MDS-UPDRS from english to swedish, and then analyze content validity for the swedish version. Method: The translation was done with the use of forward translation, backward translation and the content validity was analyzed with Content Validity Index (CVI). The translation were analyzed in two rounds, with help by five individual proficient to the area. The content validity were set by following domains and reference values: I-CVI (0,80), S-CVI/AVE (0,90) and SCVI/UA (0,80). Results: After two rounds, 20 questions out of 24 reached an I-CVI of 1,0. The remaining four questions reached an I-CVI of 0,80. The values of S-CVI/AVE and S-CVI/UA were 0,97 and 0,83 which meant that it exceeded the set reference values. The integer scale can be considered valid based on the reference values on S-CVI/AVE and S-CVI/UA. Conclusion: The integer translated version of MDS-UPDRS part III can be considered valid.
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Rask, Marie. "Women receiving notification of an abnormal Pap smear result : - experiences and impact on health-related quality of life." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-68093.
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Aim: The aim of this thesis was to investigate experiences of receiving notification of an abnormal Pap smear result and its impact on women’s health-related quality of life as well as to investigate women’s awareness of human papillomavirus. Methods: In total, 176 women and 20 healthcare professionals participated. Data were collected through individual interviews (I, II) and a questionnaire (IV) including the instrument Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). For the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the FACIT-CD, and for evaluation of its linguistic validity and reliability, cognitive debriefing interviews and a questionnaire consisting of the Swedish instrument FACIT-CD was used. Data were analysed by content analysis (I, II) and by using statistical analysis (III, IV), while one part (III) was analysed according to FACIT translation methodology. Results: Women receiving notification of an abnormal Pap smear result have good overall HRQoL; they become anxious but not depressed. Reasons for anxiety were mainly that women misinterpreted the result as cancer, which could lead to lower attendance for further investigation, treatment and follow-up. To cope with the anxiety, women sought emotional support and information. They primarily used the Internet for information but also turned to healthcare professionals for information needs. Moreover, women had low awareness of HPV, its sexually transmitted nature, and its relationship to abnormal Pap smear results and cervical cancer. An awareness of HPV as a sexually transmitted infection did not lead to higher level of anxiety or more depression symptoms or worse HRQoL, compared to not being aware. Finally, the Swedish FACIT-CD is equivalent to the English version and linguistically valid and exhibited good internal consistency reliability. Conclusion: Women have low awareness of HPV and abnormal Pap smear results, whereupon they misinterpret their test result as cancer. It is of importance that women understand their test result, in order to minimise anxiety as well as to maintain high attendance for investigation, treatment and follow-up of abnormalities.
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Falchieri, Diandra. "LA SPERIMENTAZIONE CLINICA. Traduzione dall’inglese all’italiano e realizzazione di mappe concettuali terminologiche di un trial clinico sul cancro al seno." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19541/.
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Oggetto di questa tesi è la traduzione dall’inglese all’italiano e la creazione di mappe concettuali terminologiche di un trial clinico di fase III, avviato dal Gruppo Bayer, per il trattamento del carcinoma mammario. Il trial è stato avviato nel 2011 e reso pubblico sul portale statunitense ClinicalTrials.gov. I trial clinici sono esperimenti pianificati e condotti su pazienti affetti da una determinata condizione patologica e vengono riconosciuti dalla comunità scientifica come l’unica base di affidabile conoscenza in materia di sanità e di progresso scientifico e tecnologico in ambito medico. Poiché il cancro costituisce una delle principali cause di morte a livello globale, la sperimentazione clinica in ambito oncologico riveste un ruolo di primaria importanza. Le evidenze cliniche del farmaco sperimentale riportate dal presente studio costituiscono una fonte preziosa di informazioni per il panorama scientifico internazionale, offrendo importanti spunti di riflessione ai fini di guidare la ricerca futura. Il presente lavoro è volto, quindi, alla trasmissione di materiale medico-sperimentale a un pubblico di esperti ma si prefigge anche come mezzo indispensabile per l’informativa al pubblico. La realizzazione delle mappe concettuali terminologiche, oltre a strumento di supporto per l'esperto, può fornire da spunto per la creazione di futuri glossari. Il primo capitolo fornisce una panoramica sull'argomento. Il secondo capitolo delinea le caratteristiche delle lingue speciali e, in particolare, della lingua della medicina. Il terzo capitolo presenta l’analisi del testo di partenza. Il quarto illustra le risorse a supporto della traduzione. Il quinto capitolo include il TP con relativa traduzione. Il sesto capitolo fornisce una descrizione dettagliata delle principali difficoltà traduttive e le strategie adottate per risolverle. Il settimo capitolo contiene la realizzazione delle mappe concettuali terminologiche suddivise per dominio.
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Oliveira, Janaína Gomes Loureiro de. "Processos na comunicação médico-paciente: perspectivas para a construção de diálogos efetivos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19535.
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The objective of this research is to study the problematization of speeches and dialogs in the medic-patient communication. We want to focus on the building of the relationship process based on power and authority, whence, verticalized, between medic and patient. How the information dissemination across the media, to empower the patient, put this authority under discussion and which's their effects in this relationship? Let's look at how changes on the speech of mediatized doctors brings the technical language closer to the non-technical language and a translation work made by an NGO to explain medical terms to children undergoing cancer treatment. We will search for an archeology of the enlargement of medicine and biopolitics importance, in addition to making propositions of possible dialogs that are inserted in a complex and horizontalized relationship. This way, we could study the different connections made at the doctor-patient relationship, at the disease experience. For such, we propose a review of Foucalt, Leão and Morin studies, with respect to the semiotics and communication; Rose, Rabinow, Kumar, Illich and Latour, on the sociological research, and Serson, Edler, Castiel and Caprara, for the medical experience and the relationship with the patients. From an archeological method to the birth of medicine as science and the building of medical authority, based on biopolitics; the cartography of the evolution of the relationship between medic-patient-media; and the translation work made by a NGO, we intend to lay the foundation for the creation of a future method wich could be applied by medics in dealing with their patients
Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar a problematização dos discursos e diálogos na comunicação entre paciente e médico. Queremos nos atentar ao processo de construção de uma relação calcada em poder e autoridade, por isso, verticalizada, entre médico e paciente. Como a disseminação da informação por meios de comunicação, ao empoderar os pacientes, põe essa autoridade em discussão e quais os efeitos disso na relação médico-paciente? Vamos observar como a mudança no discurso usada por médicos midiatizados aproxima a linguagem técnica e não-técnica e um trabalho de tradução feito por uma ONG para explicar termos médicos a crianças em tratamento de câncer. Buscaremos fazer uma arqueologia da ampliação da importância da medicina com a biopolítica, além de fazer proposições de possíveis diálogos que estejam inseridos em uma relação complexa e horizontalizada. Dessa forma, podemos estudar os diferentes vínculos criados na relação médico-paciente, na vivência da doença. Para tal, propomos uma revisão dos estudos de Foucault, Leão e Morin no tocante de comunicação e semiótica; de Rose, Rabinow, Kumar, Illich e Latour, na pesquisa sociológica; e de Serson, Edler, Castiel e Caprara, para as vivências médicas e de relação com os pacientes. A partir de um método de arqueologia do nascimento da medicina como ciência e da construção da autoridade médica, baseada na biopolítica; da cartografia da evolução da relação entre médicos-pacientes-mídia; e do trabalho de tradução feito por uma ONG, pretendemos estabelecer as bases para a criação de um futuro método que poderá ser aplicado por médicos no tratar de seus pacientes
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Karner, Malin, and Philip Mattsin. "Anpassning av ett ordförrådstest : En reviderad svensk översättning av Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test - IV." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339478.
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Speech and language pathologists (SLP) use vocabulary tests as one of several means of investigating and evaluating suspected speech and language disorders. A test widely used when assessing receptive vocabulary is Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) IV. Several different Swedish translations of PPVT-IV exists today, most of which have not yet been studied. Since earlier studies have confirmed that Swedish translations of PPVT lack a steadily increasing level of difficulty, Swedish SLPs are uncertain as to how applicable the test is on a Swedish population. In this study, a Swedish translation of PPVT-IV was revised with the purpose of constructing a steadily increasing level of difficulty. The study comprised 172 monolingual children from grade 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9, tested by the authors of this thesis. The participants were recruited from ten schools in Uppsala. For 21 of the 228 PPVT-IV items, two different translations were tested to enable adjustment of the level of difficulty afterwards. Based on the results of the participants, a revised translation was developed with a more steadily increasing level of difficulty. Further adaptations are still needed before standardised norms can be developed for a Swedish population. The results for every grade displayed an average score above the American age standards. Participants from grade 1 performed one year above, participants from grade 3, 5 and 7 all performed two years above, and participants from grade 9 performed six to eight years above the American age standards for the corresponding age.Logopeder använder ordförrådstest som ett av flera instrument för att utreda och bedöma misstänkta språkliga svårigheter. Ett test som ofta används vid bedömning av det receptiva ordförrådet är Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) IV. På svenska finns idag flera olika översättningar av PPVT-IV vars användbarhet ej undersökts. Tidigare studier har visat att svenska översättningar av PPVT har brister i form av en ojämnt stigande svårighetsgrad och logopeder är därför osäkra på hur användbart testet är. I föreliggande studie reviderades en svensk översättning av PPVT-IV med syfte att konstruera en jämnt stigande svårighetsgrad. Studien omfattade 172 enspråkiga elever från årskurs 1, 3, 5, 7 och 9 testade av författarna till föreliggande uppsats. Deltagarna rekryterades från tio skolor i Uppsala. För 21 av de 228 uppgifterna i PPVT-IV testades två ord per uppgift för att möjliggöra justering av testets svårighetsgrad i efterhand. Utifrån deltagarnas resultat utarbetades en översättning som ger testet en mer jämnt stigande svårighetsgrad. Ytterligare revideringar behöver dock göras för att jämna ut svårighetsgraden ännu mer innan det är aktuellt att ta fram normer för en svensktalande population. I jämförelse med den amerikanska standardiseringen presterade de svenska deltagarna från samtliga årskurser i genomsnitt betydligt högre än motsvarande åldrar i den amerikanska populationen. Deltagarna från årskurs 1 presterade ca ett år högre, deltagarna från årskurs 3, 5 och 7 presterade ca två år högre och deltagarna från årskurs 9 presterade ca sex till åtta år högre än motsvarande åldrar inom den amerikanska standardiseringen.
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Argeg, Garsa Mousbah. "The problems of translating medical terms from English into Arabic." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11166/.
Full textAbstract:
This study tackles the problems of translating medical terms from English into Arabic a. It uses an evaluative approach to investigate and discuss the problems and intricacies of translating medical terms from English into Arabic. The purpose of the study is to display the difficulties of translating medical terms and how they were tackled by postgraduate students who are competent in medical translation and professional Arabic translators who work in the medical field. The study adopts a qualitative-quantitative approach. It focuses on different types of medical terms, excluding pharmacy-related terms. In order to find out and identify the real difficulties behind translating medical terms and how they could be approached by experienced translators, the researcher utilized a questionnaire test that included a set of English medical terms to be translated into Arabic by students who were doing a PhD in translation. The same questionnaire was also given to a group of professional Arabic translators. As medical terms are the key components of medical texts, the questionnaire included forty-five diversified English medical terms taken from different medical reports, namely National Health Service (NHS) leaflets and flyers and World Health Organization (WHO) reports for 2007 and 2008. The official Arabic translations of these documents were used to assess the translations given by the subjects in comparison to and contrast with some medical dictionaries and reliable medical websites. The population of the study included 54 postgraduate students (doing PhDs in Arabic translation) in Libyan (the researcher’s origin country) and UK universities and 12 Arabic translators working in UK hospitals and clinics. The results from the data analysis showed that the translation of the medical terms posed real difficulties and challenges for the students and inexperienced professional translators although the experienced professional translators found them comparatively straightforward. Hence, the result highlights the problems of translating medical terms from English into Arabic and the importance of training to work in the medical field as a translator. Also, the study concluded that literal translation, the heavy use of transliteration, inconsistency, the students’ lack of sufficient experience and practice in medical translation, and lack of up-to date English-Arabic medical dictionaries are factors that have given rise to problems in medical translation. Also, the study showed that almost no professional translators use CAT tools or MT to help them translate the medical terms.
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Healy, Katherine. "Nature's helper : the medical practice of Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654) Gent., astrological physician, medical writer and translator /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arh4342.pdf.
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Åslund, Linn. "Chasing the Phantom : Translating Medical Terminology and Metaphors in Popular Science." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46039.
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Shackelford, Katya A. "Complexities of Participation: Education and Authority in Primary Care Patient-Provider Interactions in the age of the Internet." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/72.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is about primary care medicine in the United States today. Specifically, I look into primary care providers’ experiences working with patients in the context of the public’s current access to extensive health and medical information online. In this thesis, I discuss and analyze my conversations with physicians, nurse practitioners, and a physicians’ assistant about their objectives in primary care, the challenges they face, and their perceptions of patients’ ability to seek out information on their own. I explore providers’ educational emphasis in primary care consultations, and argue that this focus on education informs their views of patients’ independent research and involvement in care. I further argue that regardless of my informants’ enthusiasm about patient involvement and the merits of patient-education, these providers still hold and express a strong authority over medical knowledge and decisions. Thus in looking at the influence of what could be seen as a democratization of medical knowledge through public access and the Internet, it seems that the limitations of such access are still great in U.S. medical practice.
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Mahato, Niladri Kumar. "Development of Novel Imaging and Image Modeling Techniques for the Assessment andQuantification of Inter-Vertebral Motion Using MRI." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1470841487.
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Milebe, Malanda Fleury Florence. "La traduction des termes médicaux liés au cancer du sein." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65488.
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Breast cancer is a disease that affects many women in the world. That’s why many European states and even other nations in the rest of the world are spending a lot of money on early detection of disease, treatment, research and even the follow-up of patients after recovery. Today, with the development of science and globalization, the European states share the results of their research to permit to all women in Europe and in the world to benefit from this progress. But for these sharing of experiences to be possible, different documents in relation to the disease and its treatment must be translated from one language to another. In this study, we have translated a Swedish health website (Vårdguiden 2016) into French, specifically its pages devoted to breast cancer, and written by Anna Dahllöv. The aim of this work is to analyze the translation of specialized words from Swedish into French and to see what translation strategies are used for this type of text. Also, taking into account the specificity of medicine, this translation work requires a knowledge in this area not only in the source language, but also in the target language. During this study, several specialized words that are almost identical in both languages (Swedish and French) were discovered. These words have been borrowed from Greek or Latin and are now to be found in several Western languages. That is why we used the theories of Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet who, in their book Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais (1958) to explain the strategies of adaptation, explanation, borrowing, additions and deletions or suppressions. These different theories helped us to bring the message of the source text into the target text, and to keep the same technical and straightforward style used by the source text of Anna Dahllöv.