Journal articles: 'Medical translation'

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Rongre, Yohanis. "Word-Level Translation Techniques in Medical Terms From English into Indonesian." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 1, no. 1 (May 26, 2018): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v1i1.4183.

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The aim of this study was to describe the use of translation techniques and the impact of the use of translation techniques on the accuracy and acceptability of medical terms in book of the Foundation Module: the midwife in the community. The method used in this research was a mixed method design, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches as it to discuss the quantification of the frequency of translation techniques used by the translator to translate medical terms and the impact of translation techniques applied on the accuracy and acceptability of the medical term translations. The source of data in this study is a book entitled Foundation Module: the midwife in the community and its Indonesian translation and 6 informants as well as a rater to assess the quality of medical terms translation. The results of this study showed that translation of medical terms of total 334 data dominated by naturalized borrowing 32.63%, calque 16.77% and description technique 8.38%. Meanwhile, quality assessment of the accuracy level of the translation showed a highly accurate 80.24% and assessment of acceptability 86.53%. Mostly the techniques used in translating medical terms give a positive influence for the accuracy and acceptability level of translation because the techniques used delivery the same information from the source language into the target language which is accepted linguistically.

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Telezhko, Irina V. "Features of translation of medical texts (using the example of German medical discourse)." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education 2, no. 6 (November 2021): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6-21.214.

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The problem of the adequacy of the translation of the features of lexical units in German medical texts is considered. Difficulties of lexical and terminological plan are identified and analyzed: translation of terms, borrowings, abbreviations, false friends of the translator, borrowings, eponyms. Methods and techniques of translation of problematic medical lexical units, variants of interlanguage correspondences are presented. Examples of successful overcoming of lexical and terminological difficulties in translating medical texts from German into Russian are given. The results of the study confirm the need to expand the scope of the study of professional medical discourse by considering industry lexical units in the translation of medical texts.

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Vagelpohl, Uwe. "Dating Medical Translations." Journal of Abbasid Studies 2, no. 1 (July 8, 2015): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142371-12340015.

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The third/ninth-century translator Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq and his associates produced more than a hundred mostly medical translations from Greek into Syriac and then into Arabic. We know little about the chronology of these translations, except for a few scattered remarks in Ḥunayn’sRisāla(Epistle). This article attempts to reconstruct the chronology based on Hippocratic quotations in the Arabic translation of Galen’s works. Hippocratic writings were usually not translated independently but embedded in Galen’s commentaries, so a comparison between this “embedded” Hippocrates and quotations from the same Hippocratic text elsewhere in the Arabic Galen might reveal chronological relationships. The findings of this collation are thought-provoking, but they need to be weighed against the uncertainties surrounding translation methods and potential interference by well-meaning later scholars and scribes.

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Wolk, Krzysztof, and Krzysztof P. Marasek. "Translation of Medical Texts using Neural Networks." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 5, no. 4 (October 2016): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2016100104.

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The quality of machine translation is rapidly evolving. Today one can find several machine translation systems on the web that provide reasonable translations, although the systems are not perfect. In some specific domains, the quality may decrease. A recently proposed approach to this domain is neural machine translation. It aims at building a jointly-tuned single neural network that maximizes translation performance, a very different approach from traditional statistical machine translation. Recently proposed neural machine translation models often belong to the encoder-decoder family in which a source sentence is encoded into a fixed length vector that is, in turn, decoded to generate a translation. The present research examines the effects of different training methods on a Polish-English Machine Translation system used for medical data. The European Medicines Agency parallel text corpus was used as the basis for training of neural and statistical network-based translation systems. A comparison and implementation of a medical translator is the main focus of our experiments.

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Micovic, Dragoslava. "What language is your doctor speaking? Facing the problems of translating medical documents into English." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 141, no. 7-8 (2013): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1308565m.

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What is translation - a craft, an art, a profession or a job? Although one of the oldest human activities, translation has not still been fully defined, and it is still young in terms of an academic discipline. The paper defines the difference between translation and interpreting and then attempts to find the answer to the question what characteristics, knowledge and skills a translator must have, particularly the one involved in court translation, and where his/her place in the communication process (both written and oral communication) is. When translating medical documentation, a translator is set within a medical language environment as an intermediary between two doctors (in other words, two professionals) in the process of communication which would be impossible without him, since it is conducted in two different languages. The paper also gives an insight into types of medical documentation and who they are intended for. It gives practical examples of the problems faced in the course of translation of certain types of medical documentation (hospital discharge papers, diagnoses, case reports,...). Is it possible to make this kind of communication between professionals (doctors) standardized, which would subsequently make their translation easier? Although great efforts are made in Serbia regarding medical language and medical terminology, the conclusion is that specific problems encountered by translators can hardly be overcome using only dictionaries and translation manuals.

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Ferre, Lola, and José Martínez Delgado. "Arabic into Hebrew, A Case Study: Isaac Israeli’s Book on Fevers." Medieval Encounters 21, no. 1 (March 27, 2015): 50–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342183.

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Translations in the Middle Ages were the clearest route for the transmission of knowledge between countries and cultures. Furthermore, translation led to the creation a body of scientific terminology for languages that lacked their own, as in the case of Medieval Hebrew. This paper examines one of these translations: Isaac Israeli’s Book on Fevers. Two paragraphs from the Hebrew translation of the Book on Fevers (one from the opening, the other describing medicinal substances) have been selected to analyze how the translator worked with a medical text in Hebrew. The terminology in both was compared with that of other medieval medical books in Hebrew to better understand how a medical lexicon was built and how it developed in the Christian environment where these translations were made. The conclusion of this study contributes to the understanding of translation as part of the intellectual interaction among Jews, Muslims and Christians.

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Peng, Yong Mei, Ping Feng Li, and Yan Xiong. "Lexical Block and Medical English Translation." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2715.

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The overall lexical block is stored, relatively fixed language chunks, with an active role in the process of translation. Compared with the single word, lexical block itself has a "holistic" and "exemplary"Making the extraction and use of faster and smoother, more conducive to normative translator, accuracy and authentic nature in terms of the choice of words and terms. Chunk Chunk reserves and knowledge conducive to the realization of translation fluency and accuracy and plays an important role in medical English translation.

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Wakabayashi, Judy. "Teaching Medical Translation." Meta 41, no. 3 (September 30, 2002): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004584ar.

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Abstract The main difficulties specific to medical translation are students' lack of medical knowledge and their unfamiliarity with medical terminology and phraseology. These difficulties can be partially overcome by a bilingual introduction to the key anatomical terms, diagnostic terms, symptomatic terms, operative terms, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures related to each of the body systems. Together with ample practice in actual translation, a medical translation course should also include information on useful resource materials; Latin and Greek roots, affixes and combining forms; common medical abbreviations; "lay" terms vs medical terms; medical English style; and the standard format of medical journal articles.

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Dalton-Oates, Bradley. "Medical translation: the neglected human right." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 10, no. 4 (September 11, 2017): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-01-2017-0004.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight that the lack of a specific right to a medical translator under International Law can be considered an outlier when viewed within the context of the copious legislation regarding translation in general. Given the lack of specific legislation guaranteeing the right to a medical translator under International Law, the paper further aims to highlight the resulting effects on medical providers and patients. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for a detailed historical legal analysis regarding the history of translation under International Law in general, as well as specific international, intranational, and regional legislation regarding the right to a translator in medical settings. The data were complemented by a thorough review of documentary analysis of existing scholarship, detailing the experiences of medical providers and patients. Findings The paper provides insights as to how international legislators have traditionally viewed medical translation: whether as a matter of international relations, access to care, discrimination, or as a fundamental part of the Right to Health. The paper finds that differing views on the subject have result in nations, regions, and medical providers having great discretion in deciding which patients are provided with a translator. The paper finds that such decisions are often made on a basis other than that of patient health. Research limitations/implications Because the provisioning of translators in medical settings currently inevitably falls to a nation or single institution, research into which patients receive a translator and why lacks generalizability (because empirical data are not available for every region of the world). Researchers in future are encouraged to further develop the empirical evidence found in their regions with a more quantitative approach, documenting the non-provisioning of translators in their areas and categorizing the motives behind the decisions of medical providers in a given area. Practical implications The paper includes implications for patients who have suffered adverse events after miscommunication (or lack of communication) with their medical providers. The paper aims to investigate in what venue may they seek legal remedy, and on what grounds. The paper also has implications for national and regional governments. Given the lack of binding International Law regarding medical translation, national and regional governments attempt to guarantee the provisioning of translators to some patients and not others. Such decisions may become political and have unintended consequences for medical providers and patients alike. Social implications The paper includes implications for international legislators and national legislators. The paper also includes implications for medical providers and patients, as language barriers are becoming a more common feature in medical facilities around the world due to globalization and migration. The rate of patients suffering adverse events after not being provided with a competent medical interpreter is bound to rise. Originality/value This paper fulfills a need to examine medical translation in the context of other types of translation under International Law. This paper fulfills a need to study how the lack of specific International Legislation guaranteeing the right to medical translation has implications for national/regional legislators, medical providers, and patients alike. This paper fulfills a need to discuss the legal remedies available to patients who have suffered adverse medical events after not being able to communicate with their medical provider.

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Nisbeth Brøgger, Matilde. "When Translation Competence Is Not Enough: A Focus Group Study of Medical Translators." Meta 62, no. 2 (September 11, 2017): 396–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041030ar.

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Functionalist approaches to translation brought about a shift in the status and role of the translator: the translator is now considered to be an active, responsible agent in the communication process, which increases the importance of translation expertise and translation competence. Translation competence has thus attracted mounting research interest; however, empirical studies have primarily been conducted in controlled environments, omitting the translation context that professional translators usually work within. This study offers empirical evidence of the importance of the translation context when investigating translation competence. Based on a previous empirical study of translated Patient Information Leaflets, which showed a lack of translation competence, this study includes the translators’ perception using the focus group methodology. Results show the strong influence of contextual constraints on medical translators’ processes and thus products. The study concludes that an analysis of translation products alone may give a skewed picture of translators’ competence.

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Fischbach, Henry. "Some Anatomical and Physiological Aspects of Medical Translation." Meta 31, no. 1 (September 30, 2002): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002743ar.

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Abstract Medical translation is the most universal and oldest field of scientific translation because of the homogeneous ubiquity of the human body (the same in Montreal, Mombasa and Manila) and the venerable history of medicine. Its terminology is mostly of Greco-Latin parentage and thus presents fewer lexicographic problems than other fields of scientific translation. A wealth of superb reference tools are readily accessible. The general miscegenation of the sciences and the extensive "lend-lease" among them require the translator to subject the source language to differential diagnosis if his translation therapy is to be successful.

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Browne, Anna. "Selected medical translation problems." Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Studia Neofilologiczne 12 (2016): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sn.2016.12.09.

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Mercy, Omoregbe Esohe. "ENGLISH-EDO MEDICAL TRANSLATION." Perspectives 13, no. 4 (April 13, 2006): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09076760608668997.

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Zhu, Pinfan. "Audience and Purpose as a Guide to Improve Acceptability and Readability of Technical Translation." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.7.11.

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Equivalence theory in translation, which is source-text focused, has always been an influential guideline for translators. However, recently, scholars argue that equivalence in translation is not totally possible, and in the author’s opinion, it is not even necessary in many cases in technical communication. In this article, the author tries to approach technical translation guidelines from a different angle, which is purpose an audience-focused. The paper discusses how to improve and evaluate the acceptability or readability of technical translation in terms of the expectations of the audience and the need for the translation purpose. Taking a Traditional Chinese Medical website as an example, the author points out that only by targeting the audience’s needs at the semantic, syntactic, textual, and content levels can a technical translator produce effective technical translations accepted and appreciated by readers.

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Sipayung, Kammer Tuahman, Novdin Manoktong Sianturi, I. Made Dwipa Arta, Yeti Rohayati, and Diani Indah. "Comparison of Translation Techniques by Google Translate and U-Dictionary: How Differently Does Both Machine Translation Tools Perform in Translating?" Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies 3, no. 3 (October 20, 2021): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v3i3.7517.

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Better translation produced by computation linguistics should be evaluated through linguistics theory. This research aims to describe translation techniques between Google Translate and U-Dictionary. The study used a qualitative research method with a descriptive design. This design was used to describe the occurrences of translation techniques in both translation machine, with the researchers serving as an instrument to compare translation techniques which is produced on machine. The data are from expository text entitled “Importance of Good Manners in Every Day Life”. The total data are 122 words/phrases which are pairs of translations, English as source language and Indonesia as target language. The result shows that Google Translate apply five of Molina & Albir’s (2002) eighteen translation techniques, while U-dictionary apply seven techniques. Google Translate dominantly apply literal translation techniques (86,8%) followed by reduction translation techniques (4,9%). U-dictionary also dominantly apply literal translation techniques (75,4%), but follows with the variation translation techniques (13,1%). This study showed that both machines produced different target texts for the same source language due to different applications of techniques, with U-dictionary proven to apply more variety of translation techniques than Google Translate. The researcher hopes this study can be used as an evaluation for improving the performance of machine translations.

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Notina, Elena Aleksandrovna, and Vladimir Mikhailovich Maevskiy. "The problem of non-equivalent medical vocabulary from German into Russian on the material of medical texts." Acta Scientiarum. Language and Culture 42, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): e52468. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascilangcult.v42i2.52468.

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The article is devoted to the problem of medical translation of non-equivalent terms from German into Russian. The purpose of the article is to identify the most frequent non-equivalent medical terms when translating into Russian in the most popular online medical journals in German. Research methods include a content analysis of the scientific literature on the research topic, classification of non-equivalent medical vocabulary and methods for its translation from German; frequency-functional analysis of medical terms in the German language. Research objectives include: content analysis of scientific linguistic literature on the topic of research; identification of the main features and methods of translation of medical texts; conducting an empirical study to identify the most frequent ones without equivalent lexical units in German texts of a medical orientation. The author of the article analyzes the historiography of the problem in Russian linguistics. The materials for empirical research were articles in 10 non-German medical popular scientific journals; the total volume of texts was 50 articles in German. The expected results of the study are obtaining new information about the frequency of medical German terms, the translation of which into Russian requires a descriptive translation.

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Engebretsen, Eivind, Gina Fraas Henrichsen, and John Ødemark. "Towards a translational medical humanities: introducing the cultural crossings of care." Medical Humanities 46, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): e2-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2019-011751.

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In this introductory essay, we will present a translational medical humanities approach where the humanities are not only an auxiliary to medical science and practice, but also an interdisciplinary space where both medicine and the humanities mutually challenge and inform each other. First, we explore how medicine’s attempt to tackle the nature–culture divide is emblematically expressed in the concept and practice of knowledge translation (hereinafter KT). Second, we compare and contrast KT as an epistemic ideology and a socio-medical practice, with concepts and practices of translation developed in the human sciences. In particular, we emphasise Derrida’s understanding of translation as inherent in all meaning making, as a fundamentally textual process and as a process necessarily creating difference rather than semantic equivalence. Finally, we analyse a case from clinical medicine showing how a more refined notion of translation can enlighten the interaction between biomedical and cultural factors. Such a translational medical humanities approach also requires a rethinking of the concept of evidence in medicine.

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Fekete, Egon. "English medical phrases (mis)translated in Serbian." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 135, no. 7-8 (2007): 504–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0708504f.

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Translation of medical terms from English into Serbian implies observing lexical and grammatical rules of the Serbian language in order to have appropriate, precise and correct translation equivalents. The problem exists in translating complex phrases, because English has a compounding feature whereas the same idea in Serbian has to be descriptively expressed. Examples of inadequately translated terms taken from medical dictionaries, books and research papers of Serbian doctors are presented with suggestions how to remedy the situation.

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TASHEVA, Iveta. "ON ONE OF THE TYPES OF SPECIALISED TRANSLATION." Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 1, ezs.swu.v20i1 (February 10, 2022): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i1.6.

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When we talk about medical translation, as many researchers of the problem have well understood, we are actually talking about a double meaning of the word translation – interlingual translation, but also knowledge translation. However, as a type of specialized translation, it implies working with medical terminology, including the specificity of terms, the existing general change or shift of meanings, and the constant expansion of the medical lexicon. Moreover, medical terminology is not standardised in all languages. The linguistic dynamics, the accelerated introduction of new medical concepts make the need to access online resources for medical terminology of utmost lexical interest for translators of medical texts. To the extent that medical information is continuously expanding globally, rapid access to current linguistic, subject and specific terminology is critical. In the past, the most reliable resources were scientific journals, conference proceedings. These are now joined by online sources such as Medline or Medscape. In short, among specialized translation, medical translation is not only one of the most difficult, but also the most responsible. Because any mistaken epicrisis or diagnosis is not just a job poorly done by the translator, it can cost the health and life of a particular human being. This paper deals with some of the dangers faced by the translator of this type of text, especially if they are not medically qualified – dealing with secondary terms, medical metaphors, false friends, secondary terms.

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Muñoz-Miquel, Ana, Vicent Montalt, and Isabel García-Izquierdo. "Fostering Employability through Versatility within Specialisation in Medical Translation Education." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 60 (July 8, 2020): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v60i0.121316.

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The current increase of automation (Rodríguez 2017; Massey/Wieder 2018) and the emergence of new needs and forms of communication are triggering substantial changes in the translation profession, in the role of the translator and in translator education. Previous studies (Muñoz-Miquel 2014, 2016a, 2018) have shown the rich variety of tasks — beyond those traditionally considered — that medical translators perform in the workplace, including heterofunctional translation, editing, or community management. The ability to develop new skills and to adapt continuously to the changing needs of the market is one of the essential characteristics of the translator in the 21st century. That is why we consider it of critical importance that, together with specialisation, versatility is promoted in translator education. In this article, we explore the notion of versatility and propose a teaching strategy that incorporates it and can contribute to improving the employability of future translators. Specifically, we put forward some pedagogical proposals for the English-Spanish language combination that promote diversification of competences and tasks within a narrow specialisation — the medical and healthcare field — in order to provide (future) translators with the versatility necessary to respond to new demands and thus be more employable. Our approach is based on the results of surveys of professional medical translators on the tasks and roles they perform, as well as on our own teaching experience in a master’s degree programme in medical translation.

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김성은 and Kanazu Hidemi. "Modern Medical Education and Translation." Journal of the society of Japanese Language and Literature, Japanology ll, no. 64 (February 2014): 501–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21792/trijpn.2014..64.025.

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Moore, G. William, Ichiro Wakai, Yoichi Satomura, and Wolfgang Giere. "TRANSOFT: Medical translation expert system." Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 1, no. 4 (January 1989): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0933-3657(89)90029-8.

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Pereginya, O. V. ,. "TRANSLATION MEDICINE, BIOMEDICINE AND MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: THE TRANSITION TO PERSONALIZED MEDICINE." Biotechnologia Acta 13, no. 2 (April 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech13.02.005.

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Korolova, Tetiana, and Oleksandr Aleksieiev. "Peculiarities of the Chinese Traditional Medical Discourse Translation into Ukrainian and English." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 16, no. 26 (February 2019): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2018-26-12.

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The article presents the results of the research of strategies. tactics and operations used in a communicatively equivalent translation of a Chinese traditional medical discourse into English and Ukrainian. The main principles applied while translating a Chinese medical discourse are described. One of the key points of the research was the necessity to use a complex techniques, i.e. philosophical approach, medical and linguistic analysis while treating the translation process of a traditional Chinese medical discourse and regarding the peculiarities of terminology interpretation.

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Xu, Jun, Shaojing Liu, and Xuezhong Yu. "Bridging the translation gap and building the translation platform: translational medicine at Peking Union Medical College Hospital." Science China Life Sciences 59, no. 10 (August 23, 2012): 1048–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-012-4363-2.

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Al Khamis, Areej Mohammed. "The Impact of Using the Translation Purpose on Translating Medical Terms." مجلة القراءة والمعرفة 19, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mrk.2019.98720.

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Offerhaus, G. J. A., A. C. Tersmette, Johanna Hershey, R. A. Polacsek, and G. W. Moore. "Dutch Respelling Rules for English and German Medical Word Lists." Methods of Information in Medicine 26, no. 03 (July 1987): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635495.

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SummaryComputer translation programs for foreign language texts have recently become available commercially and in the public domain, but large medical lexicons for these programs are not readily available. It has been shown that many English words can be “respelled” to form their corresponding translations in other Western European languages. We have used lists of 139,451 English and 185,137 German medical terms to generate respeliings in the Dutch language. The English list yielded 39,035 Dutch respeliings, and the German list yielded 56,683 respeliings. Medical respelling rules can substantially lower the effort of installing and maintaining a medically oriented computer translation program.

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Moore, G. W., U. N. Riede, R. A. Polacsek, R. E. Miller, and G. M. Hutchins. "Group Theory Approach to Computer Translation of Medical German." Methods of Information in Medicine 25, no. 03 (July 1986): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635465.

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SummaryComputer translators have been studied for almost four decades, but recent advances in speed and storage capabilities have made such translators accessible to small computer users. We obtained the computer typesetting file for a German language medical textbook and wrote computer software sufficient to obtain a draft quality English language translation of the entire book, at a speed of 9,671 words per hour. This translator uses two external tables, namely a word and idiom list and a list of grammatical rules, which completely specify the behavior of the translator. The grammatical rule table satisfies the properties of a mathematical group, and the inverse operation for this group allows one in principle to convert this German to English translator into an English to German translator. For the larger problem of creating multilingual computer translators, the group theory inversion property may allow one to substantially reduce the effort of creating a separate translator for each language pair. Future development of computer translators will depend upon the wider availability of computer-readable documents and will be aided by use of vocabulary and grammatical rule tables with group theory properties which permit the invertability between language pairs.

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Al-Aqeel, Sinaa A., Shiekha S. AlAujan, and Saja H. Almazrou. "The Institute for Medical Technology Assessment Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ) and the Medical Consumption Questionnaire (iMCQ): Translation and Cognitive Debriefing of the Arabic Version." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 7232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147232.

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The aim of this study was to translate the Institute for Medical Technology Assessment Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ) and the Medical Consumption Questionnaire (iMCQ) from English into Arabic and perform cognitive debriefing in a Saudi Arabian setting. We conducted the translation according to guidelines, including two independent forward translations and a backward translation. Cognitive debriefing was carried out in two stages. First, the pre-final translated versions of the two questionnaires were tested on a group of respondents (n = 5) using face-to-face or telephone interviews. The participants completed a copy of the questionnaires, identified items or questions that were confusing or misunderstood, and then answered a series of open-ended questions about their understanding of each instruction, question and response option. Second, another group of participants (n = 17) completed the questionnaire and circled any word that was confusing or difficult to understand and provided comments on the questionnaires. The Arabic translation and linguistic validation were realized without any major difficulties. The few changes made after cognitive debriefing generally related to changing one word to a more appropriate Arabic word. The final Arabic translation needs to be validated for psychometric properties such as validity and reliability before being recommended for use in future research.

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Tracey, David. "An Early History of Medical Translation." JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 16, no. 10 (October 2018): 1300–1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13667.

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Armanious, Karim, Chenming Jiang, Marc Fischer, Thomas Küstner, Tobias Hepp, Konstantin Nikolaou, Sergios Gatidis, and Bin Yang. "MedGAN: Medical image translation using GANs." Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 79 (January 2020): 101684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2019.101684.

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Yang, Shuyi. "The influence of L1 translation familiarity on the acquisition of L2 Chinese antonyms." Chinese as a Second Language (漢語教學研究—美國中文教師學會學報). The journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, USA 56, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 21–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/csl.20003.yan.

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Abstract As a partial replication of Tagashira, Kida, and Hoshino (2010), the present study examined first language (L1) translation familiarity effect on second language (L2) antonym acquisition among English-speaking intermediate-level Chinese learners. Fifteen students learned 15 antonymous pairs with familiar or unfamiliar L1 translations and completed two multiple-choice posttests. Their learning strategies were also collected. Results showed (a) a delayed L1 familiarity effect, (b) better retention and lower interference of L2 pairs with familiar L1 translations, (c) low retention of L2 pairs with unfamiliar L1 translations for both words, and (d) more orthographic elaboration strategies employed. The findings suggest that L2 instructors present antonyms in pairs, avoid providing a single, unfamiliar L1 translation, and encourage the use of orthographic elaboration strategies.

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Moradi, Neda, and Mohammad Jafar JABBARI. "A Study of Rendering Metaphors in the Translation of the Titles of Persian Medical Articles." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 3, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 540–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i1.675.

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AbstractThis study is an attempt to probe into the translation of metaphors in medical articles, to see whether the translators managed to render the same connotation of metaphors into English. This study covers some points for translating Persian metaphors into English through Newmark strategies (1988). As regards the most frequent strategy among the seven strategies proposed by Peter Newmark for translating metaphors, it was clarified that metaphors are rarely used in Iranian medical journals and cultural factors don't play an important role in translating. As a result, the researchers have come to the conclusion that titles as a text type may help improve medical academic literacy. This study is part of a growing body of research in the field. In using a largely untapped source of medical translation, this project will contribute to future research on similar topics. Also, the result of this study can be useful for medical and para-medical professionals, students, nurses and doctors in completing and updating their medical education and knowledge because they are the choicest readers of medical articles.

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Moradi, Neda, and Mohammad Jafar JABBARI. "A Study of Rendering Metaphors in the Translation of the Titles of Persian Medical Articles." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i1.823.

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This study is an attempt to probe into the translation of metaphors in medical articles, to see whether the translators managed to render the same connotation of metaphors into English. This study covers some points for translating Persian metaphors into English through Newmark strategies (1988). As regards the most frequent strategy among the seven strategies proposed by Peter Newmark for translating metaphors, it was clarified that metaphors are rarely used in Iranian medical journals and cultural factors don't play an important role in translating. As a result, the researchers have come to the conclusion that titles as a text type may help improve medical academic literacy. This study is part of a growing body of research in the field. In using a largely untapped source of medical translation, this project will contribute to future research on similar topics. Also, the result of this study can be useful for medical and para-medical professionals, students, nurses and doctors in completing and updating their medical education and knowledge because they are the choicest readers of medical articles.

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Urban, Anna. "Die kleine House-Apotheke: Reception of the American, German and Polish Gregory House and Varied Translations of the Pronoun you." Research in Language 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2012): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-011-0032-y.

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Two audiovisual translations of the American hit medical drama, House M.D., German dubbing and Polish voiceover, and the analysis of translation strategies of the pronominal form of address you are the point of departure for choosing the right strategy for translation of the German book written by Michael Reufsteck and Jochen Stöckle Die kleine House-Apotheke. Ein Beipackzettel zur Kultserie which is the first German guide to the hit medical drama, providing unique insight into making of each episode of the first three series. The comparison of the two translation strategies - the German and the Polish one - shows that translation of the pronoun you determined the reception of the main protagonist. The reduced pronominal paradigm in English which does not distinguish between a formal and an informal address pronoun has created two different protagonists.

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Muñoz-Miquel, Ana, Pilar Ezpeleta-Piorno, and Paula Saiz-Hontangas. "Intralingual translation in healthcare settings: strategies and proposals for medical translator training." MonTi: Monografías de Traducción e Interpretación, no. 10 (2018): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/monti.2018.10.7.

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Kim, Seung-Ee, Hyo Serk Lee, Ha Na Lee, Seo Yeon Lee, Min Soo Choo, Min Gu Park, Ji Yun Chae, Seung-June Oh, and Sung Yong Cho. "Korean Translation and Linguistic Validation of Urgency and Overactive Bladder Questionnaires." International Neurourology Journal 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5213/inj.1938164.082.

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Purpose: Given the importance of evaluating the severity of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and outcomes after treatment, several questionnaires have been developed to evaluate OAB patients. However, only limited questionnaires are available in Korea for use with Korean patients. Therefore, this study aimed to develop Korean versions of OAB questionnaires through a rigorous linguistic validation process.Methods: The Indevus Urgency Severity Scale, Urgency Perception Scale, Urgency Severity Scale, and Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale underwent translation and linguistic validation. The linguistic validation procedure consisted of permission for translation, forward translations, reconciliation, back-translation, cognitive debriefing, and proofreading. Two independent bilingual translators translated the original version of each questionnaire, and a panel then discussed and reconciled the 2 initial translations. Next, a third independent bilingual translator performed a backward translation of the reconciled version into English. Five Korean patients diagnosed with OAB were interviewed for cognitive debriefing.Results: Each item of the questionnaires was translated into 2 Korean versions in the forward translation process. Terms such as ‘urgency’ and ‘wetting’ were translated into ordinary language by the translators and adjusted by the panel members to more conceptually equivalent terms in a medical context. In the back-translation process, the panel made a few changes regarding details based on a comparison of the back-translated and original versions. During the cognitive debriefing process, 5 patients provided a few pieces of feedback on the naturalness of the wording of the questionnaires, but generally agreed on the translated terms.Conclusions: In this study, the panel produced a successful linguistic validation of Korean versions of multiple OAB questionnaires, which can be utilized to evaluate the severity and treatment outcomes of OAB.

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Al-Otaibi, Ghuzayyil Mohammed. "An Integrated Approach of TBLT and GBP to Medical Translation Instruction: A Suggested Model." International Journal of Linguistics 14, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i2.19677.

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Producing an accurate translation means communicating meaning successfully to target text's recipients. It also implies preserving the various relations (i.e., how each linguistic form suggests meaning with regard to a specific context) that the source text exhibits. Hence, translators should first analyze the source text before producing its translation. Medical translation is a technical translation and includes various text types that do not form a homogenous group. However, translator trainers focus only on one text type in class, and less exposure to other text types is expected. The current proposal is based on a needs analysis, based on two types of questionnaires, unstructured interviews, and document analysis of course descriptions and specifications, that aimed at identifying translators' target needs at the English Language Program at the college of Languages and Translation (COLT). Thus, this article suggests an integrated approach of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and (Genre-Based Pedagogy) GBP for medical translation instruction where attention is paid to text analysis. As TBLT enhances interactivity, critical thinking, problem solving, learner autonomy, etc., GBP encourages the exposure to various genre conventions and enhances textual analysis. The suggested integrated model is of three stages (i.e., pre-tasking, tasking, post-tasking including reporting, analysis, revision, and reflection) and ensures activating a number of components in the translation competence. Besides proposing a model to follow in class, the researcher designed a syllabus that gives importance to certain genres (e.g., forms, emails, policies, terms and conditions, reports, etc.), skills (e.g., using dictionaries, having good research skills, using technology, and time management), and evaluation criteria.

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Freudenthal, Gad, Michael McVaugh, and Katelyn Mesler. "Twelfth-Century Latin Medicine in Hebrew Garb: Doeg the Edomite as a Cultural Intermediary." Medieval Encounters 26, no. 3 (September 24, 2020): 226–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340072.

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Abstract In 1197–1199 an anonymous scholar completed the translation of twenty-four medical works from Latin into Hebrew, which he listed in a Preface he wrote to the entire corpus. Some seventeen of these translations are extant. The translator describes himself as a Jew who took baptism but subsequently repented. His self-image as an apostate is reflected in his referring to himself as “Doeg the Edomite,” an appellation we also use. Doeg’s motivation to embark on his gigantic translation project was to keep Jews from flocking at the doors of Christian doctors, who prescribe to them medicines containing impure foodstuffs. Doeg also followed the aim of “enlightening” the Jews and reports that he was taken to task for this. The works translated by Doeg, which we seek to identify, mostly belong to the Salerno corpus. We argue that Doeg is likely to have worked in the setting of a Latin medical school, where the books he put into Hebrew were used in a program of learning. Doeg’s use of Occitan vernacular words transliterated in Hebrew letters allows us to conclude that he lived in the Midi, suggesting that he was in contact with medical scholars in Montpellier. Doeg’s corpus of translations is a significant index to the medical texts valued in Montpellier and sheds light on both Hebrew and Latin intellectual history. Comparisons of Hebrew passages from Doeg’s translations with their Latin Vorlagen allow us to conclude that for the most part Doeg translated literally, although at times reverting to paraphrases or shortening his texts. We argue that, whereas in the domains of philosophy and science most translations in the Midi were made from Arabic, in medicine Latin-into-Hebrew translations were fairly frequent already in the thirteenth century. Doeg’s story points to the causes of this difference: the medical field was one, comprising Jewish and gentile doctors and patients, with the ensuing collaborations or competition over patients compelling Jewish doctors to avail themselves of the best available knowledge.

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兰, 蕾. "Application of Catford’s Translation Shifts in Medical English and T.C.M. English Translation." Modern Linguistics 03, no. 04 (2015): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ml.2015.34018.

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Shomoossi, Nematullah. "Collaboration of Translators with Medical Authors: A Qualitative Enquiry into Writing Articles in English." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10283-012-0035-1.

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Summary The interaction between non-English authors of medical articles and translators can be considered as a key component in perfect rendering of the content. In the era of rapid spread of research findings throughout the world, some researchers with little knowledge of English look for translation and editing services in order to share their findings in the global dialogue of science production. This paper will closely investigate the protocol analysis of an interview with a medical researcher and an intimate translator who has helped him for almost 10 years in translating his articles and research reports into English. The analysis will be classified in two major areas: language and publishing. Further details will be presented in the conference session.

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Molchanova, Irma I., and Nadezhda V. Sokolova. "Features of translation of medical instructions from English and French languages into Russian (Pharmacological discourse)." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 26 (February 21, 2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.26.02.5.

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The purpose of the study is to reveal difficulties in translating instructions on the usage of medicines from English and French into Russian. Translation of medical instructions is a private form of medical translation that is in high demand. Each medicine should have a detailed description in Russian. With this document, a manufacturer guarantees to patient that subject to the prescribed standards, medicine will provide a certain effect that it is safe for life and health. The instruction is a kind of memo for a patient and a guarantee of the correctness of taking medicine. The authors of the article examined instructions for the use of medicines as genres of pharmaceutical discourse, highlighted the features of pharmaceutical terminology, examined ways to translate scientific terminology and vocabulary, analyzed translation techniques for transmitting vocabulary instructions for the use of medicines (translation of the instructions for the medicine «Sedalgin-Neo» from English into Russian, as well as instructions for the «Betaserk» medicine from French into Russian), errors were identified in their translation. The following research methods were used in the work: comparative typological method, empirical method, observation method, analysis and synthesis, a descriptive method, a method of comparative analysis of the original and translation, and generalisation of the obtained results. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the synthesis of theoretical material on the problem of translation of instructions for the use of medicines. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results can be used in the practical activities of translators of specialized literature and in the development of special translation courses of scientific literature from French and English into Russian. In addition, the results of this study can be used in the development of educational materials for students of medical specialties, the organization of advanced training and the exchange of teaching experience.

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Kiuchi, T., and S. Kaihara. "Quantitative Evaluation of English-Japanese Machine Translation of Medical Literature." Methods of Information in Medicine 30, no. 03 (1991): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634839.

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AbstractAlthough many machine-translation programs are currently available, few evaluation methods of such translation exist for any given application area. It is difficult to evaluate machine-translation systems objectively because the quality of a translation depends on the combination of three factors: the translation program, the dictionary, and the original document. In this study, we developed a quantitative evaluation method for assessing machine translation, which evaluates these three factors separately. We applied this method to the translation of English to Japanese for medical literature and the method proved to be a good indicator for further system improvement. Using this method we also discovered other important points for machine translation, such as the examination of target documents for the construction of a better application dictionary.

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Vujcich, Daniel, Meagan Roberts, Zhihong Gu, Shih-Chi Kao, Roanna Lobo, Limin Mao, Enaam Oudih, Nang Nge Nge Phoo, Horas Wong, and Alison Reid. "Translating best practice into real practice: Methods, results and lessons from a project to translate an English sexual health survey into four Asian languages." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 17, 2021): e0261074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261074.

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Background Migrants are underrepresented in population health surveys. Offering translated survey instruments has been shown to increase migrant representation. While ‘team translation’ represents current best practice, there are relatively few published examples describing how it has been implemented. The purpose of this paper is to document the process, results and lessons from a project to translate an English-language sexual health and blood-borne virus survey into Khmer, Karen, Vietnamese and Traditional Chinese. Methods The approach to translation was based on the TRAPD (Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretesting, and Documentation) model. The English-language survey was sent to two accredited, independent translators. At least one bilingual person was chosen to review and compare the translations and preferred translations were selected through consensus. Agreed translations were pretested with small samples of individuals fluent in the survey language and further revisions made. Results Of the 51 survey questions, only nine resulted in identical independent translations in at least one language. Material differences between the translations related to: (1) the translation of technical terms and medical terminology (e.g. HIV); (2) variations in dialect; and (3) differences in cultural understandings of survey concepts (e.g. committed relationships). Conclusion Survey translation is time-consuming and costly and, as a result, deviations from TRAPD ‘best practice’ occurred. It is not possible to determine whether closer adherence to TRAPD ‘best practice’ would have improved the quality of the resulting translations. However, our study does demonstrate that even adaptations of the TRAPD method can identify issues that may not have been apparent had non-team-based or single-round translation approaches been adopted. Given the dearth of clear empirical evidence about the most accurate and feasible method of undertaking translations, we encourage future researchers to follow our example of making translation data publicly available to enhance transparency and enable critical appraisal.

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Anstrom, Kevin J., and James G. Jollis. "Translation of clinical evidence into medical practice." American Heart Journal 138, no. 6 (December 1999): 1001–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8703(99)70057-8.

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SHARIPOVA, Feruza. "THE MEDICAL LITERATURE: EQUIVALENCE OF TRANSLATION." Foreign Languages in Uzbekistan, October 20, 2021, 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36078/1639118119.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the translational equivalence of medical dialogues from the textbook "Medicine in Dialogues" by K.B. Shodmonov, M. Baratova, D. Razhabova, Z. Nematova, taking into account the scientific and methodological base of the categories. The article provides an overview of the glossary and texts to determine the semantic similarity of the source text and its translation. The distribution of frequencies of using equivalent categories is due to linguistic reasons, differences in grammatical structures, a variety of word combinations, differences in word order, etc. As a result of the analysis, the most frequently used equivalence approaches in the scientific medical style of translation are defined in this article. In many dialogues, examples of translations of sentences at the level of medical words (terminological units) are given due to the fact that in a scientific style a literal translation of the text is much preferable, since a scientific text requires clarity in its presentation with the most complete correspondence of the translation to the original. This is due to the fact that in the second part of the textbook, where dialogues with a difficult level are given, detailed complex sentences are often used, in addition, the original translation contains a large number of terms that have completely different formulations in English. Low level of comprehension of the problem of translation equivalence leads to simplification of the perception of the essence of translation reduces the explanatory power of analysis, its concrete phenomena and possibilities of the linguo- translation studies in general, prevents the single scientific picture of translation as an object studied, in consequence of which the perspective of its research is partly lost. In practical terms, the chosen problem requires application of the results of research in the training and works of translators, teachers and editors in assessing the quality of translations.Achieving the equivalence of translation is the goal of the medical interpreter.

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"Translating Nrf2 Regulated Translation." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 145 (December 2019): S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.031.

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Martikainen, Hanna. "A functional approach to translation quality assessment: Categorizing sources of translational distortion in medical abstracts." Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series – Themes in Translation Studies 16 (January 29, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.52034/lanstts.v16i0.435.

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The translation of Cochrane Systematic Review abstracts plays an important role in ensuring the communication of medical research results to the non-English-speaking public. The presentation of results should, of course, be free of errors and as objective as possible. Translation, however, is a highly subjective activity requiring extensive interpretation and is prone to errors. Translated Cochrane abstracts therefore contain elements that could affect readers’ interpretation of the results of a Review, and that specifically could have an impact on the effectiveness of the intervention studied. Guided by the function of these translated texts, we have categorized such sources of distortion into a context-specific typology that will be used to measure translational distortion in Cochrane abstracts. Building on previous research and empirical corpus analysis, the typology accounts not only for translation errors with considerable potential impact, but also for biased translations of phraseological and modal structures that can markedly affect readers’ interpretation of the degree of certainty expressed by authors.

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Belk, Zoe, Lily Okalani Kahn, Kriszta Eszter Szendrői, and Sonya Yampolskaya. "Translating COVID-19 information into Yiddish for the UK Hasidic community." Linguistics Vanguard, January 24, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2020-0149.

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Abstract This article documents a recent project translating COVID-19 information into Yiddish for the benefit of the Hasidic Jewish communities in London’s Stamford Hill and in Manchester in the UK. The translation work developed as a response to the urgent need for Yiddish-language resources specifically designed for the Hasidic community near the beginning of the pandemic. The translations were undertaken by a team consisting of linguists and native speakers of Hasidic Yiddish and took place within the framework of a research project funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council, dedicated to linguistic and sociolinguistic analysis of contemporary Hasidic Yiddish worldwide. In this article we discuss the sociolinguistic background to the translations and investigate the reasons why they were so urgently needed, before going on to address the issues encountered during the course of the translation process and the decisions taken in order to resolve them. These issues include the type of Yiddish chosen for the translations, the translation of medical terminology, gender-based linguistic differences affecting the translations, and specific cultural considerations that needed to be taken into account.

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Benchabane, Nassima. "Aspects Of Algerian Medical Translation." مجلة العلوم الإنسانية, 2015, 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34174/0079-000-044-036.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical translation'

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