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Leung, Kin-keung Kenneth. "Management and disposal of clinical waste /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18733992.
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Leung, Kin-keung Kenneth, and 梁健強. "Management and disposal of clinical waste." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253775.
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Heffner, Heather Ann. "Analysis of post-use hypodermic needle medical waste disposal." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131158/unrestricted/heffner%5Fheather%5Fa%5F200405%5Fms.pdf.
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Tolosana, Sandra. "Aspects of medical waste disposal in the Cape Peninsula." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26572.
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Hazardous waste management practices at ten medical institutions in Cape Town were studied and tests undertaken to determine concentrations of specific chemicals and radioactivity in liquid effluent outflows, as well as emissions from incinerators. To investigate the sewage outflow for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), N, pH and heavy metals, a continuous sampler was installed at two hospitals and a Medical School. Samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for As, Hg, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe. Mercury levels ranged from l-70μg l⁻¹, exceeding the Environmental Target Quality of 0.04μg l⁻¹, and the South African General Effluent Standard of 20μg l⁻¹ . All other heavy metals were below General Effluent Standard Limits. In addition, a sludge sample from the Athlone Wastewater Plant was tested for Hg, realising 6mg kg⁻¹ on a dry weight basis, which was within Department of Health (DOH) Guidelines of 10 mg kg⁻¹. Samples of incinerator bottom ash analysed for heavy metal content gave Hg concentrations of 1.1-4.0mg kg⁻¹, and Zn concentrations of 5.1-11.0g kg⁻¹. Incinerator ash was also analysed for radio-activity and substantial levels of ¹²⁵I (332-650 bq kg⁻¹ ), and Ga⁶⁷ (9186bq kg⁻¹) recorded, which exceeded the South African limits of 200bq kg⁻¹. In Cape Town, hospital incinerators are old, burn large amounts of plastics and produce toxic emissions. They are all situated in residential or inner-city areas, and even though there is legislation dealing with emissions and chemical waste, these laws are not being enforced. Based on the above results, an investigation was carried out to assess attitudes to and knowledge of hazardous waste in the ten institutions. One thousand questionnaires were administered to staff, and the data from the 80% response rate statistically analysed. Results suggest that there is an urgent need for an holistic approach to toxic waste management, encompassing enforceable legislation coupled with on-going educational programmes and strong support from top management and all levels of staff.
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Tam, Yiu-man, and 譚耀敏. "Clinical waste management and its future development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253544.
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Plernpis, Kanchanabul Jiraporn Chompikul. "Infectious waste management of health centers in Muang district, Kanchanaburi province /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd415/5038003.pdf.
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Helal, Nayazi. "Medical waste sharps injuries : research methodology and hospital waste disposal practices in the rapidly developing desert Emirate of Abu-Dhabi." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843136/.
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This project aimed to assess the magnitude and risk factors for sharps injuries from handling medical waste in five public hospitals in Abu Dhabi. The study populations formed two groups: medical waste handlers and healthcare staff. A review of the international literature on relevant studies illustrated the circumstances in other countries and pointed to areas for study in Abu Dhabi. The regulatory structures for safeguarding the health and safety of workforces in health care in technologically advanced nations were examined so as to allow the most effective regulatory framework to be developed and proposed for the medical institutions in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, taking account of its own social and industrial circumstances. The populations selected for study, representative samples of the healthcare staff and medical waste handlers in the five hospitals, were investigated through a holistic and multidimensional approach, using qualitative and quantitative methods. The methods included; field observational visits to the participant hospitals (for observation and interviews of the staff): and cross-sectional studies, for which questionnaires were used. The results described the demographic characteristics of the two study populations, highlighting their age structures, nationalities, lengths of experience, and permanence or transience. Their use of safety equipment, exposures to education and training in occupational health and safety, frequencies and experience of injuries, and the risk factors for those injuries were investigated. These variables were analyzed to ascertain the sub-groups most vulnerable to the injuries from sharps and needle sticks. The findings highlighted issues which required to be resolved in order to improve the efficiency of the handling and managing of medical waste and to diminish the associated risks for the healthcare staff and medical waste handlers in these hospitals. The positive responses from managements and staff during this study showed the value of careful planning for the investigations in order to obtain the full support of the managements and willing cooperation of the workforces. The results identified several areas where deeper and continuing studies appeared essential in order to obtain light on the many components of the collaborative national aim of having a healthy, active and consequently productive workforce through a sound system of health protection of the hospitals workforce as a significant component of the nation's healthcare system.
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Ramabitsa-Siimane, Ts'aletseng. "The identification of environmentally sound technologies for healthcare waste management in Lesotho." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05112006-114349.
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Abor, Patience Aseweh. "Medical waste management at Tygerberg hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/782.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007This study examined the medical waste management practices of Tygerberg Hospital. The researcher made use of both primary and secondaiy data. Since this was a is study, the analysis is essentially descriptive.The results of this study revealed that both general and medical wastes are generated in the hospital. Tygerberg Hospital does not quantify medical waste. Segregation of medical wastes into infectious medical waste and non-infectious medical waste is not conducted according to definite rules and standards. The hospital does not label infectious waste with Biohazard symbol. Separation of medical waste and municipal waste is however practiced to a satisfactory extent. Wheeled trolleys are used for on-site transportation of waste from the points of production (different wards) to the temporary storage area. Staff responsible for collecting medical waste use almost complete personal protective equipment. The results of this study indicated that off-site transportation of the hospital waste is undertaken by a private waste management company. Waste is transported daily and small pickups are mainly used by the waste management company for transporting the waste to an off-site area for treatment and disposal. The final disposal of the medical waste is done by the private waste management company. The main treatment method used in the final disposal of infectious waste is incineration. Non-infectious waste is disposed of using land disposal method. The hospital does not recycle medical waste materials except white office paper and mixed office paper and the use of empty containers of antiseptics for the collection and temporary storage of sharps.The hospital does not provide training for staff members on the health and environmental effects of infectious waste. The waste management company's workers have also not received any formal training with regards to medical waste management. The study showed that Tygerberg Hospital does not have a policy and plan in place for managing medical waste. There is no definite policy or plan for purchasing the necessary equipment and for providing the facilities for the correct management of medical waste in the hospital. There are also no policies and guidelines regarding the recycling of medical waste products. There are a number of problems the hospital faces in terms of medical waste management, including; lack of necessary rules, regulations and instructions on the different aspects of collection and disposal of waste, intermingling of hazardous wastes with domestic waste in the hospital sometimes, failure to quantify the waste generated in reliable records, lack of use of coloured bags by limiting the bags to only one colour for all waste, the absence of a dedicated waste manager, the supervisor in charge of general services has waste management as part of his job schedule, and there is no committee responsible for monitoring the management of medical waste. From the results of this study, it is obvious that medical waste management is not practiced according to the World Health Organisation's (WHO's) recommended standards. There are some areas where medical wastes are not properly managed. It is imperative for significant investment in the proper management of medical waste in order to reduce the health risk it poses.
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Raphela, S. F. "Treatment and disposal of medical waste in rural and urban clinics within Polokwane municipality of South Africa." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 12, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/663.
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Published ArticleThe objective of the study was to assess the medical waste management practices used by clinics located in the Polokwane Municipality, South Africa. The clinic personnel were not informed prior to the visit. A walkthrough survey was conducted on-site where potential health and safety risks were identified and noted. The health care personnel in charge of specific clinics completed the questionnaires providing general and detailed information about the treatment and disposal of medical waste. Frequencies and percentages were calculated from the data obtained. Data obtained indicate that (i) medical waste was not segregated from general waste in most of the clinics, (ii) rural clinics were burning medical waste with general waste inside the clinic yard (iii) there was no sufficient collection and transport of medical waste in clinics, (iv) sharps were disposed at various hospital incinerators and (v) most of the clinics did not have storage facilities for medical waste.
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Makhura, R. R., S. F. Matlala, and M. P. Kekana. "Medical waste disposal at a hospital in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa: implications for training of healthcare professionals." Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1571.
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Published in: SAMJ November 2016, Vol. 106, 1096-1102, DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i11.10689Background. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) produce various types of waste in the course of rendering healthcare services. Each classification of waste must be disposed of according to the prescribed guidelines. Incorrect disposal of waste may pose a danger to employees, patients and the environment. HCPs must have adequate knowledge of the disposal of medical waste. Objectives. To determine the knowledge and practices of HCPs with regard to medical waste disposal at a hospital in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Methods. A quantitative cross-sectional research approach was used. The study respondents included nurses, medical doctors, dental health staff and allied health staff. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.0. Results. A high proportion of HCPs did not have adequate knowledge regarding the disposal of medical waste, but nevertheless disposed of medical waste appropriately. While the knowledge and practices of HCPs with regard to medical waste disposal were not associated with age, gender or years of experience, there was an association between professional category and knowledge and practices. Conclusions. Disposal of medical waste is the responsibility of all HCPs. All categories of HCPs should receive regular training to improve their knowledge regarding disposal of medical waste and to minimise the risks associated with improper waste management. This will further increase compliance with the guidelines on disposal of medical waste.
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Maseko, Qondile. "Critical evaluation of medical waste management policies, processes and practices in selected rural hospitals in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013107.
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This thesis critically evaluates the policies, processes and practices of medical waste management in selected rural hospitals in the Eastern Cape. Medical Waste Management is a growing public health and environmental issue worldwide. Research shows large scale incapacity in dealing with medical waste in an efficient and sustainable fashion globally, which demonstrates that it is not merely a developing world problem alone. This study is conducted against the backdrop of an increasing medical waste crisis in South Africa. Although there are an abundance of studies on solid waste management, there is a lack of data and research particularly on medical waste management in rural hospitals. The crisis of medical waste management in South Africa is closely intertwined with the collapsing health care system and an overburdened natural environment. It is an undisputable fact that South Africa’s generation of medical waste far exceeds its capacity to handle it effectively. This thesis argues that the neglect of medical waste as an environmental-health issue and the absence of an integrated national medical waste management plan aggravate the medical waste problem in the country. In explaining the medical waste crisis, this thesis adopts a Marxist perspective which is based on the premise that industrial capitalist societies place economic growth and production at high priority at the expense of the natural environment; creating a society that is engulfed by high health risk due to the generation of hazardous and toxic waste. Industrial societies view themselves as superior and separate from the natural environment, whereas one cannot separate nature from society as they are interlinked. As society attempts to adopt a sustainable environmental approach towards environmental management, science and technology are enforced as a solution to environmental problems in order to continue developing countries’ economies whilst sustainably managing and protecting the environment, which is contradictory. This thesis emphasises that medical waste management is a socio-political problem as much as it is an environmental problem, hence the need to focus on power relations and issues of environmental and social justice. The results of the study identified gaps in policy framework nationally and institutionally on medical waste management. In addition, there were poor waste management practices due to poor training, inadequate infrastructure and resources as well as poor budget support.
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Яковлєва, Я. С., Тетяна Миколаївна Чурилова, Татьяна Николаевна Чурилова, and Tetiana Mykolaivna Churylova. "Правове регулювання утилізації медичних відходів в Україні." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77907.
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Однією з причин погіршення стану екологічної ситуації є неправильне поводження
з медичними та фармацевтичними відходами, а саме порушення правил утилізації.
Медичні та фармацевтичні відходи є факторами прямого і опосередкованого забруднення
навколишнього середовища, вони створюють ризик виникнення інфекційних та
неінфекційних захворювань серед населення [1]. Актуальність питання зумовлена ще й
тим, що медичні відходи мають різний ступінь екологічної безпеки. Такі відходи наносять
шкоду довкіллю шляхом забруднення навколишнього середовища через викиди
лікарських препаратів у повітря, забруднення ними стічних вод та інше.
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Sattar, Shaheen. "An environmental impact perspective of the management, treatment, and disposal of hazardous compounds generated as medical waste at selected hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/802.
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Thesis (MTech(Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.Pharmaceuticals have been formulated to influence physiological systems in humans, animals, and microbes but have never been considered as potential environmental pollutants by healthcare professionals. The human body is not a barrier to chemicals, but is permeable to it. Thus after performing their in-vivo functions, pharmaceutical compound introduced into the body, exit mainly via urine and faeces. Sewage therefore contains highly complex mixtures of chemicals in various degrees of biological potency. Sewage treatment works including those in South Africa, on the other hand, are known to be inefficient in removing drugs from sewage and consequently either the unmetabolised pharmaceutical compounds or their metabolites emerge in the environment as pollutants via several trajectories. In the environment, the excreted metabolites may even undergo regeneration to the original parent molecule under bacterial influence, resulting in “trans-vivo-pharmaceutical-pol ution-cycles”. Although all incinerators are known to generate toxins such dioxins and furans from the drugs they incinerate, all the medicines disposed by the hospitals under research, were incinerated, as the preferred option of disposal. The incineration process employed was found to be environmentally unsafe. Expired and unused medicines which the general public discard as municipal solid waste become landfilled. Because many landfill sites are not appropriately engineered, the unwanted drugs landfilled therein, leach into the surrounding ground water, which is the influent source of water treatment plants. Water treatment plants, including those in South Africa, are also inefficient in eliminating pharmaceutical compounds, releasing them in sub-therapeutic concentrations into potable tap water as pollutants, the full effects of which are yet to be determined.
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Sattar, Mohamed Shaheen. "An environmental impact perspective of the management, treatment, and disposal of hazardous pharmaceutical compounds generated as medical waste at selected hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2012.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.Pharmaceuticals have been formulated to influence physiological systems in humans, animals, and microbes but have never been considered as potential environmental pollutants by healthcare professionals. The human body is not a barrier to chemicals, but is permeable to it. Thus after performing their in-vivo functions, pharmaceutical compound introduced into the body, exit mainly via urine and faeces. Sewage therefore contains highly complex mixtures of chemicals in various degrees of biological potency. Sewage treatment works including those in South Africa, on the other hand, are known to be inefficient in removing drugs from sewage and consequently either the unmetabolised pharmaceutical compounds or their metabolites emerge in the environment as pollutants via several trajectories. In the environment, the excreted metabolites may even undergo regeneration to the original parent molecule under bacterial influence, resulting in "trans-vivo-pharmaceutical-pollution-cycles". Although all incinerators are known to generate toxins such dioxins and furans from the drugs they incinerate, all the medicines disposed by the hospitals under research, were incinerated, as the preferred option of disposal. The incineration process employed was found to be environmentally unsafe. Expired and unused medicines which the general public discard as municipal solid waste become landfilled. Because many landfill sites are not appropriately engineered, the unwanted drugs landfilled therein, leach into the surrounding ground water, which is the influent source of water treatment plants. Water treatment plants, including those in South Africa, are also inefficient in eliminating pharmaceutical compounds, releasing them in sub-therapeutic concentrations into potable tap water as pollutants, the full effects of which are yet to be determined.
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Raila, Emilia Mmbando. "Climate Change Implications for Health-Care Waste Incineration Trends during Emergency Situations." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/242.
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Healthcare waste (HCW) incineration practices in the global South countries are among the major sources of black carbon (BC) emissions or smoke. This study analyzes HCW incineration trends during emergency situations and smoke from HCW incineration processes in Haiti. The study was prompted by the current arguments about the climate change and the growing health effects associated with BC emissions. The conceptual framework was based on both adverse health effects from BC emissions exposure and climate change potential of BC emissions. Therefore, the goal was to determine whether cardboard HCW sharps containers emit lower BC emissions to the atmosphere during the incineration process, relative to the plastic sharps containers, and the pattern of emergency HCW incineration before and after the 2010 earthquake and cholera emergencies in Haiti. This was an observational study conducted with secondary data on HCW incinerated weights from January 2009 to December 2013 and primary data on average smoke densities. Linear regression analysis of the pattern of HCW incinerated weights revealed a relatively linear pattern (R2 = 0.164) with fluctuating scenarios (peak sharp rise in 2012). Independent samples t-tests demonstrated significantly lower smoke emission during the incineration processes of cardboard sharps HCW containers as compared to plastic containers (95 % CI, p = 0.003). Implications for positive social change include provision of quantitative evidence of the benefits of cardboard sharps HCW containers in reducing smoke during incineration activities, potential data for policy formulation, suggestions for review of existing HCW guidelines, and additional research on potential health impacts of emergency HCW disposal and BC emissions.
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Goetten, Luana Ferreira. "Sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde para redução de resíduos sólidos de serviços de saúde." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/835.
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O conhecimento das melhores alternativas para segregar os Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde e o reconhecimento da importância do correto gerenciamento, são fundamentais para melhorar as medidas de segurança e higiene nos serviços de saúde, reduzir o volume de resíduos contaminados e estimular a reciclagem dos resíduos comuns. O presente estudo teve como objetivo sensibilizar os Profissionais que trabalham em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs), localizadas na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu/PR, quanto ao gerenciamento adequado dos Resíduos Sólidos de Serviços de Saúde (RSSS). Na primeira etapa foi concebido e aplicado um levantamento (survey) para diagnosticar a percepção dos profissionais que atuam em dez UBSs. Em seguida, foi realizado um Evento Municipal para os Profissionais das UBS, utilizando palestras e várias atividades lúdicas, visando ensinar sobre a segregação correta e ecoeficiente de resíduos. Na continuidade da pesquisa, foi realizada uma avaliação in loco da situação do gerenciamento de RSSS em três UBSs, sendo constatadas algumas irregularidades. Foram realizados, para os profissionais das três Unidades, atividades de sensibilização visando o correto gerenciamento e a redução dos RSSS. Na pesquisa de percepção, o sentimento predominante dos respondentes, quanto à separação dos RSSS, foi o de insegurança, justificando a necessidade de maior conhecimento. A forma lúdica, utilizada nos eventos de sensibilização, foi aprovada pelos participantes para transmissão de conhecimentos. Isso pode ser confirmado pelas manifestações de risos e alegria, que puderam ser observadas, durante todas as atividades. As sensibilizações realizadas nas três Unidades foram avaliadas positivamente pelos participantes (55% dos Profissionais das Unidades), sendo que, a palestra e o teatro, foram as atividades consideradas mais interessantes pelos participantes. Os resultados desta pesquisa ratificam a importância e a evidência, que ainda, há muito por fazer no campo de informação, sensibilização e Educação Ambiental com relação a temática de RSSS. É importante que novos momentos de orientação e Educação Continuada sejam proporcionados aos trabalhadores na tentativa de torná-los sensíveis a importância que práticas corretas podem vir a trazer para a saúde, população e Meio Ambiente.Knowledge of the best alternatives to separate Health Service Waste and the recognition of the importance of proper management are the key to improving security and hygiene measures in health services. It is also important to reduce the volume of contaminated waste and encourage recycling common waste. The present study aimed at raising awareness among professionals working in Basic Units of Health (BHU), located in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, state of Paraná, regarding the proper management of Solid Waste in Health Services (SWHS). The first stage of the study involved the design and implementation of a survey to diagnose the perception of professionals working at ten BHU. Then, vas held a Municipal Event for the professionals of BHU. This event comprising lectures and various recreational activities aiming at teaching about the proper and eco-efficient waste segregation. In continuing research, a spot evaluation of the SWHS management at three BHU where some irregularities were noted. In three BHU, were performed activities to raise awareness for proper management and reduction this geration of SWHS. The prevailing sentiment of the survey respondents in relation to the separation of SWHS was insecurity what justifies the need for greater knowledge on the subject. Participants to transmit knowledge adopted a playful way, used in awareness-raising events. This is can be confirmed by the manifestations of laughter and joy that could be observed during all activities. The sensitization raising at the three Basic Units of Health were positively evaluated by participants (55% of the professionals of the units), and the lecture and the theatrical activities were the actions considered more interesting by the participants. These results confirm that yet, there is much to be done in the field of information, awareness and environmental education regarding the topic of medical wastes. It is important that new moments of Continuing Education and guidance are provided to workers in an attempt to make them sensitive to the importance of correct practices are likely to bring health, population and environment.
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André, Sílvia Carla da Silva. "Resíduos gerados em domicílios de indivíduos com diabetes mellitus, usuários de insulina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-17052011-085508/.
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Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) podem causar danos à saúde e ao ambiente se não houver um gerenciamento seguro e adequado. No Brasil, os serviços de saúde devem seguir as recomendações técnicas e legais definidas pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente. Porém, não há definição técnica e legal sobre o manejo de resíduos gerados nos domicílios, e que sejam do tipo dos RSS. Considerando o elevado número de pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) no Brasil, e que, dentre esses indivíduos, 20 a 25% são usuários de insulina, em tratamento ambulatorial e domiciliar, faz-se necessária a existência de um sistema organizado para o manejo desse tipo de resíduo no domicílio. Este projeto visou conhecer a realidade do manejo de resíduos perfurocortantes e de origem química e biológica em domicílios de pessoas com DM, usuários de insulina. Esta pesquisa de caráter descritivo e exploratório, foi desenvolvida com 26 usuários de insulina do Núcleo de Saúde da Família I de Ribeirão Preto-SP. O método para a coleta de dados foi a entrevista com perguntas semi-estruturadas. Os dados coletados foram compilados em um banco de dados do Programa Excel e categorizados em tabelas e gráficos, procedendo-se à análise estatística descritiva. Esta investigação foi realizada após a aprovação do CEP do CSE-Cuiabá da FMRP/USP. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a faixa etária predominante dos usuários de insulina era de 61 até mais de 80 anos para 76,8% dos sujeitos, com apenas 1 sujeito (3,8%) na faixa etária de 11 a 20 anos. O tempo de diagnóstico variou de 10 a 29 anos para 61,5% dos usuários de insulina. Dos sujeitos deste estudo, 73,9% referiram que o tempo de uso da insulina variou entre 0 e 9 anos e de 10 a 29 anos para 23% dos indivíduos. A aplicação da insulina no próprio domicílio foi referida por 88,5% dos sujeitos. Em relação ao monitoramento da glicemia capilar no domicílio, 80,8% dos pacientes afirmaram realizar o teste regularmente. A reutilização de seringas e agulhas foi referida por 69,6% da população estudada. Quanto ao acondicionamento, os sujeitos afirmaram acondicionar as seringas e agulhas (65,2%) e lancetas (52,2%) em garrafas plásticas. Porém, os usuários de insulina referiram acondicionar as fitas reagentes (47,8%) e os frascos de insulina (82,7%) junto com os resíduos comuns. Ao que se refere ao descarte dos RSS gerados com aplicação da insulina e com o teste de glicemia capilar, a maioria dos entrevistados informou realizar o descarte de seringas e agulhas (57,8%) e lancetas (53,8%) em garrafas plásticas, encaminhando, posteriormente, para algum serviço de saúde. No entanto, o descarte das fitas reagentes (61,6%) e frascos de insulina (76,9%) são destinados para a coleta pública, juntamente com os resíduos comuns do domicílio. Em relação às orientações recebidas para o manejo e descarte desses resíduos, 61,5% dos sujeitos afirmaram ter recebido algum tipo de orientação de algum serviço de saúde. O estudo revela que há uma inadequação do manejo e descarte dos resíduos oriundos do tratamento e monitoramento do DM no domicílio de usuários de insulina. Aponta, também, para a necessidade de ampliar as ações educativas em saúde com vistas à geração de resíduos perfurocortantes e de origem química e biológica nos domicílios de usuários de insulina, no sentido de minimizar riscos de exposição a esses agentes ambientais.Medical Waste (MW) can cause damage to health and to the environment if there is no safe and proper management. In Brazil, health services should follow the legal and technical recommendations established by the National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance and the National Council on the Environment. However, there are no legal and technical definitions about the management of waste generated in households, which are of MW kind. Considering the high number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Brazil, and that, among these individuals, 20 to 25% are insulin users in outpatient treatment and home care, it is necessary to have an organized system for managing this type of waste at home. This project aimed to know the reality of the management of sharp, chemical and biological waste in households of people with DM, insulin users. This descriptive and exploratory research was developed with 26 insulin users of the Center for Family Health I, in Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo. Data collection was carried out using semi-structured interview. Collected data were compiled into a database of the Excel Program and categorized in tables and graphs, then descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The research was carried out after approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Teaching Center (CSE) Cuiabá, of the FMRP/USP (University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School). Results revealed that the predominant age group of the insulin users was 61 to over 80 years for 76.8% of subjects, with only one subject (3.8%) aged 11 to 20 years. The time of diagnosis ranged from 10 to 29 years for 61.5% of the participants. Of the study subjects, 73.9% reported that the time of use of insulin ranged between 0 and 9 years and 10 to 29 years for 23% of the individuals. The application of insulin in the household was reported by 88.5% of the subjects. Regarding the monitoring of capillary blood glucose at home, 80.8% of the patients reported performing the test regularly. The reuse of syringes and needles was reported by 69.6% of the population. Concerning the storage, the subjects reported storing syringes and needles (65.2%) and lancets (52.2%) in plastic bottles. However, users of insulin reported storing reagent strips (47.8%) and vials of insulin (82.7%) with ordinary waste. Concerning the disposal of MW generated with the application of insulin and capillary blood glucose testing, most respondents reported disposing syringes and needles (57.8%) and lancets (53.8%) in plastic bottles, and later sending to some health service. However, the disposal of reagent strips (61.6%) and vials of insulin (76.9%) are forwarded to public collection, along with common household waste. In relation to the guidance received for the handling and disposal of such waste, 61.5% of the subjects reported having received some guidance from health services. The study reveals that there is inadequate handling and disposal of waste from treatment and monitoring of DM in the households of insulin users. It also points out the need to expand health education actions concerning the generation of sharp, chemical and biological waste in households of insulin users to minimize risks of exposure to these environmental agents.
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Günther, Wanda Maria Risso. "Gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde: a caracterização como instrumento básico para abordagem do problema." Universidade de São Paulo, 1993. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-04042012-114301/.
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A problemática que envolve os resíduos de serviços de saúde vem ganhando espaço na mídia internacional a partir dos inúmeros acidentes ocorridos envolvendo resíduos desta natureza, como é o caso do incidente ocorrido nas praias de New Jersey e New York, no verão de 1988, ou mesmo o acidente radiativo ocorrido em Goiânia. Tais eventos provocaram grande reação na opinião pública preocupada com sua disposição inadequada, fato agravado com o advento da AIDS e sua rápida proliferação. A estratégia de gerenciamento utilizada para os resíduos perigosos, que segue os resíduos desde sua geração até seu destino final, mostra-se adequada também a resíduos de serviços de saúde. Da mesma forma a segregação na origem e a minimização são possíveis, baseando-se numa caracterização prévia que leve em consideração o risco potencial de infecção e possibilite, mediante uma graduação do risco inerente, uma classificação em distintas categorias. Este trabalho propõe, mediante revisão bibliográfica, levantar as polêmicas e as visões divergentes sobre o tema. Sugere uma proposta de metodologia para caracterização biológica e mostra suas dificuldades de implementação. Apresenta a caracterização destes resíduos como instrumento básico para se efetuar seu gerenciamento, o qual permitirá a minimização dos riscos ocupacionais, sanitários e ambientais devidos a este tipo de resíduos. Finalmente analisa criticamente os distintos trabalhos executados nos países latino-americanos, nos últimos vinte anos, sobre caracterização de resíduos hospitalares, ressaltando a metodologia empregada e os resultados a que chegaramMedical wastes have been given much space in the international midia, along with several disasters involving these wastes which occurred lately, namely the disaster at New Jersey and New York beaches, in the summer of 1988, or even the one occurred in Goiania, involving radioactive materials. These events brought about the concern of the public opinion with the inadequate disposal of theses wastes, specially when AIDS and its spreading is a reality. The management strategy used for hazardous wastes, which is, to track the waste from its generation to its final disposal, shows also adequate for medical wastes. Segregation at source and minimization also possible based on a previous characterization which includes both the potencial infection hazard and the classification of these wastes into categories of scaled inherent risks. The study presents a survey carried out on international literature to point out the different viewpoints and the controversial aspects of the matter. It suggests a methodology for the biological characterization of the wastes and points out the difficulties in implementing it. It states the characterization of the waste as a mean of providing the management of these wastes, with minimization of occupational, sanitary and environmental hazards. Finally, it critically analyses similar surveys performed in Latin America countries during the last twenty years, about characterization of hospital wastes, emphasizing the adapted methodology and the results obtained
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Castro, Adirson Monteiro de. "Avaliação do perfil dos resíduos de serviços de saúde de Belo Horizonte quanto à presença de rejeitos radioativos na destinação final." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2005. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=26.
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NenhumaOs procedimentos médicos de diagnóstico e tratamento que utilizam radiofármacos geram rejeitos radioativos que, após decaírem até o limite de eliminação, podem ser destinados pelas vias convencionais de coleta e disposição final de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos RSU. O objetivo da pesquisa foi detectar radiometricamente a presença de rejeitos radioativos nos resíduos de serviços de saúde destinados à disposição final. Ressalta-se que o limite legal de eliminação para rejeitos sólidos estabelecido pela Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear CNEN é de 7,5 x 104 Bq/kg (2 Ci/kg). As medições foram feitas no conteúdo de 25 caminhões da coleta especial de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS), no aterro sanitário de Belo Horizonte, utilizando-se um cintilômetro de iodeto de sódio. Em 60% dos casos foram encontrados valores acima do limite estabelecido. A análise espectral de 6 amostras revelou a presença do radionuclídeo tecnécio-99m (99mTc), em 5 delas, e de eodo-131 (131I), em um caso. Estes elementos, tecnécio-99m (99mTc) e iodo-131 (131I), são os mais utilizados em procedimentos de Medicina Nuclear. Conclui-se que está havendo liberação de rejeito radioativo com os de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS), devido a inobservância do tempo de decaimento até obtenção dos níveis legalmente permitidos para liberação.
The medical procedures of diagnosis and treatment that use radiopharmaceuticals generate radioactive wastes that can, after reaching the release limit, follow the conventional ways of collection and disposal of the urban solid wastes. This research aims to detect radiometrically the presence of radioactive wastes in the health-care wastes at the final disposal. It is pointed out that the legal limit for the release of solid wastes established by Brazilian National Commission of Nuclear Energy (CNEN) is 7,5x104 Bq/kg (2 Ci/kg). Measurements in the material of the garbage trucks that make the special collect from Health Service installations are performed, at Belo Horizonte sanitary landfill, using a NaI scintillation counter. Values above the established limit were found in 60% of the cases. The spectral analysis of 6 samples showed the presence of 99mTc in 5 of them and 131I in one. These radionuclides are the most common radionuclides used in Nuclear Medicine. In conclusion there are radioactive wastes released together with the health service wastes, due to the disregard of the decay time until the legal limit is achieved.
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Beck-Friis, Barbro Gunnarsdotter. "Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane during composting of organic household waste /." Uppsala, Sweden : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009767821&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Sverges lantbruksuniversitet, 2001.Thesis statement in Swedish and English abstract inserted. Based on 5 previously prepared or published papers reprinted here. Includes bibliographical references.
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Braga, Lígia de Oliveira. "Diagnóstico do processo de descarte dos resíduos químicos do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz em Recife/PE." Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4285.
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The waste generation is a current problem and part of human life. The increase of waste grows every day associated with the advancement of technology and industrial production. In this context, are part of the health services, as organizations need to incorporate new concepts to acquire new behaviors in their care processes where issues of environmental preservation and protection of public health need to be highlighted. This challenge has generated public policies and regulations that has assumed great importance as a pillar of sustainable development. These regulations classify healthcare waste generated and have protocols for their management. Within this classification, fall into the chemical waste that is becoming a challenge with regard to the use, disposal and reuse when possible. Thus, this study aims to develop a general diagnosis of the current situation of the management of chemical waste
generated at the University Hospital of Pernambuco. Therefore, it was used as the objectives, research is an exploratory-descriptive, as possessing procedure for collecting data literature, field survey, case study and documentary research. The instruments used were the interview guidelines and on-site observation. Given the above and from the survey, we noted the confirmation of the hypotheses on the issues of waste chemicals are not managed according to current legislation, there is no involvement of professionals in planning actions that generate these wastes and that in carrying processes are not taken into account aspects related to the possible chemical waste generated. It can be concluded that although there is a segregation of waste types in the other groups, chemical residues are not treated as such. Needs through the Environmental Education and a new management model train and train practitioners to seek change in the handling of chemical waste. The process of training of professionals and update them need to be continuously and grounded in Environmental Education for the development of new concepts and behavior change that leads to environmental management, considering sustainable development. Why refer to a topic relevant to the issues of environmental and
public health, we want to, with the results, cooperate with the academic community showing the problem of chemical waste generated in health services, seeking viable changes to the processes that made generate these wastes, with no loss in quality of care and activities for research.A geração de resíduos é uma problemática atual e faz parte da vida humana. O aumento de resíduos cresce a cada dia associado ao avanço da tecnologia e da produção industrial. Neste contexto, inserem-se os serviços de saúde que, como organizações, precisam incorporar novos conceitos para adquirir novos comportamentos em seus processos assistenciais onde as questões da preservação do meio ambiente e da proteção da saúde pública precisam ser destacadas. Tal desafio tem gerado políticas públicas e regulamentações que vem assumindo grande importância como eixo para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Estas regulamentações classificam os resíduos de serviços de saúde gerados e dispõem de protocolos para seu manejo. Dentro desta classificação, enquadram-se os resíduos químicos que vem se tornando um desafio no que diz respeito ao uso, descarte e reuso, quando possível. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral elaborar um diagnóstico da situação atual do gerenciamento dos resíduos químicos gerados em um Hospital Universitário de Pernambuco. Para tanto, foi utilizada, quanto aos objetivos, uma pesquisa do tipo exploratório-descritiva, possuindo como procedimento para coleta de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica, o levantamento de campo, o estudo de caso e a pesquisa documental. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a entrevista em pautas e a observação in loco. Diante do exposto e a partir da pesquisa realizada, evidenciamos a confirmação das hipóteses levantadas em relação às questões dos resíduos químicos não serem gerenciados seguindo a legislação atual, de não existir envolvimento por parte dos profissionais no planejamento das ações geradoras destes resíduos e de que na realização dos processos não são levados em conta os aspectos relacionados aos possíveis resíduos químicos gerados. Pode-se concluir que apesar de existir a segregação dos tipos de resíduos dos outros grupos, os resíduos químicos não são tratados como tais. Precisa-se através da Educação Ambiental e de um novo modelo de gestão capacitar e treinar os profissionais para buscar mudança no manejo dos resíduos químicos. O processo de formação dos profissionais e a atualização dos mesmos precisam ser de modo contínuo e embasado na Educação Ambiental para a concepção de novos conceitos e para a mudança de comportamento que leve à gestão ambiental, considerando o desenvolvimento sustentável. Por se referir a um tema relevante para as questões de saúde pública e ambiental, deseja-se, com os resultados alcançados, colaborar junto à comunidade acadêmica mostrando a problemática dos resíduos químicos gerados nos serviços de saúde, buscando alterações viáveis para os processos realizados que geram estes resíduos, sem que haja perda na qualidade da assistência prestada e das atividades voltadas para pesquisa.
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Makhura, Ramadimetja Rosina. "Knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal in Mapulaneng Hospital in the Ehlanzeni District of South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1639.
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Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016.Background: Health care workers produce various types of waste in the course of rendering health care services. Each classification of waste must be disposed according to the prescribed guidelines. Improper disposal of waste may pose a danger to employees, patients and the environment. Health care workers must have adequate knowledge on disposal of medical waste. This study was therefore done to determine the knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal. Objectives: This study aims to determine the knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal at a hospital in the Mpumalanga Province in South Africa. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional research approach was used at a regional hospital for the Mpumalanga Province in the Bushbuckridge Municipality under the Ehlanzeni District. The study respondents included professional nurses, enrolled nurses, enrolled nursing assistants, medical doctors, dental health and allied health staff. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires analysed using International Business Management Statistical Package for Social Sciences 22 (IBM SPSS 22). Results: The results show that a high percentage of health care workers did not have adequate knowledge regarding disposal of medical waste but disposed medical waste appropriately. The results further show that knowledge and practice of health care workers had no association with age, gender and years of experience. There is an association between professional category and knowledge and practice of healthcare workers. Conclusion: Disposal of medical waste is the responsibility of all health care workers. There should be regular training of all categories of health care workers to improve their knowledge on disposal of medical waste and minimise the risks associated with improper waste management. This will further increase compliance with the guidelines of disposal of medical waste. Key words: Health care workers, medical waste, knowledge, practice, disposal
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Li, Ya-Ting, and 李雅玎. "Constructing and Application a Selection Model for Infections Medical Waste Disposal Firms." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12798936611485500282.
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碩士元培科學技術學院
經營管理研究所
94
While Taiwanese hospitals dispose of large amounts of medical waste to ensure sanitation and personal hygiene, doing so inefficiently creates potential environmental hazards and increases operational expenses. However, hospitals lack an objective criteria to select the most appropriate waste disposal firm and evaluate its performance, instead relying on their own subjective judgment and previous experiences. Therefore, this work presents an ANP method to select objectively medical waste disposal firms based on the results of interviews with experts in the field, thus reducing overhead costs and enhancing medical waste management. An appropriate weight criterion based on ANP is derived to assess the effectiveness of medical waste disposal firms. The proposed ANP-based method offers a more efficient and precise means of selecting medical waste firms than subjective assessment methods do, thus reducing the potential risks for hospitals. By providing hospitals with an effective means of evaluating medical waste disposal firms, the proposed ANP method can reduce overhead costs and enable medical waste management to understand the market demand in the health sector.
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LIU, DO-MING, and 劉德明. "Discussion on clearance process of medical waste disposal in pin-prick accident." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wd4c9t.
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碩士東南科技大學
營建科技與防災研究所在職專班
105
Samples were from Level A hazardous waste cleaning industry in North Taiwan and Level A hazardous industry waste processing factory in central Taiwan. Pin-prick accident engaged in medical waste disposal work is the most common occupation injury itself happened around the case. It is observed that the continuous occurrence of source education and man-made comprehensive protection measures, the reasons for the cause of the pin-prick hazards, the reasons for the occurrence of pin-prick training: new staff education and training environment is not familiar with the health care workers do not use safety syringes,, clearance and disposal without full use of personal safety equipment, reduce the personnel in the process of cleaning contact with sub-car, emergency drills, and regulations should be amended urgently by the competent authorities to reduce pin-prick injury. This study mainly discusses the injury revision treatment staff medical waste, bio infectious causes the occurrence of pin-prick, the incidence of damage. The case was stabbed. Factors can immediately make the right treatment, establish pollution pin-prick notification and processing system, in order to avoid the pin-prick reduce hazards.
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Shih, Cheng-Jui, and 施政睿. "A Study of Risk Relationship of Medical Waste Disposal among Hospital Employees." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68836032153707967003.
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碩士雲林科技大學
全球運籌管理研究所碩士班
98
Since National Health Insurance has established,the amount of medical services have continued to rise.If medical waste disposal is improper, it will cause many disease to injure hospital employees.So this study will realize the Hospital Employees’ risk perception to reduce the injury on the job. This study used questionnaires to investigate the relationship of risk perception of medical waste , risk characteristics of medical waste and cognition of medical waste disposal. The scope of this study were regional hospitals in Yunlin . Then this study used Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) to analyze the questionnaires and construct the model of risk relationship to provide to hospital manager. The result showed that the risk characteristics of infectious medical waste, chemical risk characteristics of medical waste and medical waste risk perception have a positive pathway and risk perception of medical waste and cognition of medical waste disposal also have a positive pathway. Therefore we could know medical waste risk perceptions will be affected by risk characteristics and cognition of medical waste disposal will be influenced by medical waste risk perceptions.
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Klangsin, Pornwipa. "Medical waste treatment techniques used by hospitals in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36298.
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Hsiao, Kai-Wen, and 蕭凱文. "The Preliminary Study of the Influence Factors on the Disposal Fees of Infectious Medical Waste." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85570332404409269888.
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Chen, Chia-Yu, and 陳家瑜. "Medical Waste Disposal and Resource Recycling Research-A Case Study of Regional Hospital in Kaohsiung." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68050238402111009567.
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碩士立德管理學院
資源環境研究所
94
The disposal of medical is waste always concerns the public’s safety and health. If any inappropriate action is taken in the process of classifying, collecting, storing, and disposing of medical waste, the medical staff may suffer occupational injury at least, or even pay their lives to the worst. Therefore, the classification and cleaning of the medical waste, as well as the compliance with the relevant policies and personal attitude towards the medical waste by the medical staff can generate a significant impact on the medical environmental safety. This study is intended to explore the awareness, attitude and compliance of the employees of a regional hospital towards the disposal of medical waste. The questionnaire is conducted in terms of the following segments: (1) Acceptance of medical waste disposal programs; (2) Awareness of the existing waste classification and cleaning; (3) Awareness of resource recycling and medical waste; (4) How the hospital’s policies over waste were followed and excuded. After experts modified the questionnaire, the pretest of the questionnaire was performed in a Kaohsiung regional hospital in April 2006. A total of 101 questionnaires were collected in this hospital. After that, the factor analysis, key component analysis and product-moment correlation analysis were conducted. Meanwhile, the conclusions learned from this study were suggested to the management departments and supervising units for the use of future modifications and improvements. This study concluded that women’s impact is larger than men’s, in terms of the reception of disposal of medical waste and cooperative attitude. Women are also more aggressive in gaining knowledge of medical waste and resource recycling, and have better common sense in those matters. In terms of cooperative and valuing attitudes, older people showedless care than the younger ones. Unmarried and married also showed a significant difference in the willingness to comply with the hospital’s policy. The analyzed results suggest that there is a close correlation between the individual’s common sense toward the medical waste and the achievement of resource recycling.
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Malebatja, Samuel Mashao. "Knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal at George Masebe Hospital, Waterberg District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1745.
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Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016Introduction The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal at George Masebe Hospital, Waterberg District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Method A cross sectional study was conducted and simple random sampling was used to select participants. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire which where total of 141 participants were sampled using the Slovin formula. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Version 22 and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to answer the study objectives. Results The study shows that 43% of the respondents had good knowledge on medical waste disposal, 13% were not sure and 44% had insufficient knowledge. Forty nine percent (49%) of the respondents practiced safe medical waste disposal, 4, 3% were moderate in practice and 46, 1% had insufficient practice in place. There was no statistical significant relationship between knowledge and practice of medical waste disposal control measures of health care workers. Conclusion The study concluded that knowledge of the respondents on medical waste disposal was insufficient, there were satisfactory medical waste practices and there was no relationship between knowledge and practice.
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Cesarotti, Dennis. "Comprehensive assessment of the recycling potentials for the waste streams of small quantity generators." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48049641.html.
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Mahasa, Pululu Sexton. "An assessment of medical waste management practices in the North-eastern Free State, South Africa / Pululu Sexton Mahasa." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/14277.
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The proper handling and disposal of medical waste in accordance with national
guidelines is very important. This study was undertaken to investigate the state of medical waste and management practices in different hospitals in the north-eastern Free State Province, South Africa. A random sample of ten (10) hospitals was selected. Observation of operations was carried over a period of six months. A stratified random sample of 138 staff members spread across the ten medical facilities was selected and face-to-face interviews were conducted. The hospitals were grouped into 3 categories namely large, medium and small in terms of the number of hospital beds. Data collection through observation and covered waste generation, storage, handling, transportation, treatment and management procedures. Data analysis made use of SPSS to generate descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients and t-tests in hypothesis testing. The findings reveal that medical personnel do not treat medical waste as specified in official guidelines, there is no formal
training for personnel, medical waste is not a key priority, there are low levels of
environmental awareness, inappropriate treatment of waste at some sites, and inadequate budget allocations for medical waste management. These findings indicate that there is an urgent need for addressing issues of awareness for managers, better on-the job training for personnel, better systems for on-ward conveyance of waste from facilities to official medical waste treatment plants, an up-grade of existing incinerators and a consistent schedule of data capture should be implemented.Thesis (Msc Env Science) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2013
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Heunis, Louis Barend. "The quantification of medical waste from the point of generation to the point of disposal: case studies at three private hospitals in Pretoria." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23143.
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The South African Waste Information System (SAWIS) was developed by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) in 2005. This is a system used by government and industry to capture routine data on the tonnages of waste generated, recycled and disposed of in South Africa on a monthly and annual basis. All waste producers and waste management organisations should contribute to this national waste database and should accurately monitor the types and quantities of waste produced and handled. According to DEAT (2006) the need for Data verification is important. DEAT (2006:59) defined the term Data Verification as: "assessing data accuracy, completeness, consistency, availability and internal control practices that serve to determine the overall reliability of the data collected."
The aim of the study is to determine a procedure, as well as the nature and extent of internal and external source documents, which could be used in the reconciliation of medical waste quantities from generation to disposal. The key objectives are to determine whether the selected hospitals keep internal records of the quantities of medical waste generated; to reconcile the waste quantities on the internal records with the external records, such as the collection certificates, invoices and waste incineration certificates; to ascertain whether the quantity of medical waste generated is equal to the quantity of waste incinerated and disposed of to determine the ratio factor between the quantity of medical waste before incineration and the quantity of the residue (ashes) after incineration, and to make recommendations on the reconciliation of waste quantities from the point of generation to the point of disposal.
The results of the study indicate that the destruction certificate is the proof that the waste that was on-site collected by the service provider has been disposed /treated. Especially as an internal control measure. The health care risk waste (HCRW) management record keeping of quantities of weight as per Hospital A, Hospital B and Hospital C allows the opportunity to analyse the weight per month and per Hospital and per category and to make comparisons. The weakness or the gap however still exist that the waste is not weighed at the point of origin, but at the point where the waste service provider collects the waste onsite. It is from this point onwards that the service level agreement between the hospital and the waste service provider and the document management system and the tracking receipt and the waste collection documents (WCD) becomes relevant and where the quantities of waste per category are for the first time recorded. The hypothesis as stated in Chapter 1 was proven valid.
The study concludes that reconciliation and comparison between the collection certificate and the destruction certificate and the monthly invoice is therefore possible, but the risk of mixing of waste and the understating or overstating of waste quantities is still not overcome.Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental management)
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何璧如. "The Preliminary Study of Influence Factors on the Disposal Fees of Infectious Medical Waste — An Application of Classification and Regression Tree." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71534566728384907140.
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碩士中國醫藥學院
醫務管理研究所
90
ABSTRACT Now in Taiwan, all hospitals face two major economic issues, one is the payment policy from the Bureau of National Health Insurance, the other is the environmental protection laws for the proper treatment of medical waste. In order to improve health care quality, lots of disposal medical material has been used at hospitals. It causes the rapidly increase of the medical waste and also the disposal fees. Since hospital income will be limited by the Global Budget Payment System in 2002, the cost constrain will become an important topic in hospital management, including the cost control of medical waste treatment. This study attempted to analyze the medical waste treatment data based on different hospital categories and scales, and to discover the influence factors on the disposal fees of medical waste. This research has surveyed 540 hospitals to compile medical waste treatment data. The disposal fees per kilometer is used as dependent variable and hospital categories, ownership, location, scales, service items, average OPD visits, average inpatient numbers, average operation numbers and education programs etc. as independent variables. By Classification and Regression Tree (CART) method, we classify the disposal fees of infectious medical waste into different groups, then analysis the differences between these groups. The response rate of the questionnaire is 32.4%, and the conclusion of this study is as follow: 1. According to the CART analysis, the factors of average inpatient numbers, average OPD visits, total number of beds, Euclidean distance of department numbers, location of hospital, and the education programs about medical waste classification have significant influence on the disposal fees of infectious medical waste. 2. Hospitals have the least disposal fee（NT$ 44.37/kg）when average inpatient numbers per month >9, average OPD visits per month >3555, total number of beds >542, and the education programs about medical waste classification are held periodically. On the opposite, the disposal fee is the highest （NT$ 256.9/ kg）when the average inpatient numbers per month <=9. 3. The education programs about medical waste classification are held periodically at hospitals have great effects on reducing the amount of infectious medical waste.
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Vumase, Sipho Bongane. "An evaluation of operational and administrative procedures for health care waste management in public district hospitals of South Africa." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/530.
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Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the Doctors Degree of Technology: Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, 2009.Although there is an abundance of health care waste information in South Africa, not enough studies have been done in public district hospitals particularly in rural areas. Hospitals find it difficult to comply with the minimum requirements of health care waste management guidelines, such as segregation of waste. If hazardous waste gets mixed with non-hazardous waste, waste disposal and treatment become costly. Furthermore, there has been a sharp increase in the amount of waste generated from health facilities. However, there seem to be uncoordinated efforts in each province in dealing with waste problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the process of operational and administrative procedures of health care waste management in hospitals. The study was conducted to facilitate the optimisation of waste management. A quantitative approach was chosen for this study because cause and effect relationships can more easily be identified, and the research is more structured and controlled. The project involved an enquiry into the perception of respondents on the procedures used in managing health care waste. Data was collected from 270 respondents out of 27 hospitals in nine provinces of South Africa. The informants were health care waste workers who were either directly or indirectly involved in waste management. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument. Results were analysed statistically using a special package for scientific studies. It has been found that in the midst of financial challenges, hospitals are unable to prioritise and rank absolutely important activities that are necessary to be undertaken to meet minimum requirements of health care waste management as laid out in the health care waste guidelines and directives. Shortages of waste equipment such as trolleys, waste containers, and temporary storage areas were the main challenges facing hospitals. The recommendations set the tone and provide a blueprint that health care managers may consider in facilitating improvement in the management of health care waste.
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Gabela, Sibusiso Derrick. "Health care waste management in public clinics in the iLembe District : situational analysis and intervention strategy." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1470.
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INTRODUCTION All waste generated at health care facilities in the past was regarded as hazardous and needed to be incinerated first before it was disposed. The purpose of this study was to investigate health care waste (HCW) management practices employed in public health clinics in the iLembe District, with a view of developing a HCW management intervention strategy. METHODOLOGY The study design was observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional. Data was collected using a structured individual questionnaire, which was administered to key informants from 31 rural and urban government fixed public clinics in the iLembe District Municipality. RESULT Thirty public clinics in iLembe district participated in the study. A total of 210 kg/day (0.06 kg/patient/day) of HCW was estimated to be generated in public clinics, 69% was health care general waste (HCGW) and 31 % was health care risk waste (HCRW). The district's generation rate was 0.04 kg/patient/day and 0.018 kg/patient/day, for HCGW and HCRW, respectively. The study found that HCW was improperly managed in the district. DISCUSSION The findings are different when compared to World Health Organisation norms and this was attributed to improper segregation of waste categories other than sharp waste, which was given special treatment. Factors such as the number of patients, size of the clinic, types of health care services rendered, and socio-economics status of the patient played a pivotal role in the waste volume generated. It is evident that no proper HCW management plan was being implemented in the district public clinics. CONCLUSION The management of health care risk waste is of great concern. There is a need for development of a health care waste management intervention strategy that must be implemented consistently and universally in the district. RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended that a proper health care waste management intervention strategy be developed and implemented in the whole district. This strategy must incorporate training programmes and a waste management plan.Thesis (MPH)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.
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Xu, Yi-Zhen, and 許宜真. "A Study of Credibility Gap and Reconstrustive Strategies in the “NIMBY” Facilities Building Process -- A Case Study on a Medical Waste Disposal Factory." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87307183998099452754.
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碩士國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系
94
In the Building Process of the “NIMBY” facilities, there is always Credibility Gap existing between elite and citizen, and it makes always the difficuities of communication between elite and citizen . So, it is important to study “NIMBY” by studying credibility gap. This essay is aimed at analyzing the Credibility Gap problems between elite and citizen, the questions explored in this study include: (1) In the Building Process of the “NIMBY” Facilities, what credibility gap exists between elite and citizen, and why it produce? and (2) according to the reasons of the credibility gap produce, to find the Strategies of the trust reconstrustive. Arrange the brief illustration as follows in thesis chapter: (1)the introduction; (2) NIMBY Facilities and credibility gap; (3) the introduction of the case; (4)analyses of the NIMBY Facilities and credibility gap: the result of the empirical study through the in-depth interview with related stakeholders; and (5)the conclusion and suggestion.
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Netshifhefhe, Nditsheni Mavis. "Management of medical waste by professional nurses at three selected hospitals in Thulamela Municipality, Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/980.
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Hay, Tristan Ryan. "Medical radionuclides and their impurities in wastewater." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29342.
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NCRP report No.160 states that medical exposure increased to nearly half of the total radiation exposure of the U.S. population from all sources in 2006 (NCRP 2009). Part of this increase in exposure is due to the rise in nuclear medicine procedures. With this observed growth in medical radionuclide usage, there is an increase in the radionuclide being released into wastewater after the medical procedures. The question then arises: what is the behavior of medical radionuclides and their impurities in the wastewater process? It is important to note that, often, medical radionuclides are not exactly 100% radionuclide pure, but they meet a certain standard of purity. Of particular interest are the longer lived impurities associated with these medical radionuclides. The longer lived impurities have a higher chance of reaching the environment. The goal of this study is to identify the behavior of medical radionuclides and their impurities associated with some of the more common radiopharmaceuticals, including Tc-99m and I-131, and locate and quantify levels of these impurities in municipal wastewater and develop a model that can be used to estimate potential dose and risk to the public.Graduation date: 2012
Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from May 24, 2012 - May 24, 2014
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Chi, Chung-Chieh, and 季宗杰. "An Operating System for the Associate Disposal Corporation of Bio-Medical Waster in Taiwan." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87907335072928529627.
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碩士高雄工學院
管理科學系
85
Due to the increasing problems of environmental pollution and the growing awareness of environmental protection in this country,the waste materials discarded by medical institutions have gradually become a sensitive problem. Overviewing the present conditions of Taiwan, We have found that although large portions of waste materials discarded by medical institutions have been classified, packed, disinfected, they tend to be transported and discarded privately or buried by scanvengers in the hygienic burial places.,thus not only causing harms to garbage collectors, but polluting the whole atmosphere with rain and air. The environmental protection bureau of the Executive Yuan therefore promulbated "The Methods and Standards of Storing, Cleaning and Treatment Business Waste Materials", in May 1989 requiring that the inflamable and infective waste materials be incinerated. Collective treatment is also encouraged. Besides, the waste materials discarded by medical institutions shall be either jointly treated or uinon. Althought the control and administration regulations and counselling policy have been promulgated for years, up to the present not any system has been working successfully. This study centers on the united treatment system, planning its management types and expecting an earlier appearance of a safe and reliable system to deal with the waste materials discarded by medical institutions. This article first studies the present conditions of waste materials discarded by medical institutions and the pollution impact of these waste materials on the society, including the government''s administration, the treatment conditions of medical institutions, and the production of infective waste materials, installation of incinerators and the pollution problems over Taiwan beaches and sea areas.In order to establish a sound and safe system for treating the waste materials discarded by medical institutions, this article adopts "from cradle to grave" control model in analyzing infective waste materials, the whole range of operation of waste materials, their classification and collection, sorting and packing, storage, placment, cleaning, transport, incineration, planning of perfect operation standards. Finally, based on the demands of cleaning operation, this study sets up a series of standard operation procedures for united treatment, operation, classification and collection of waste materials, packing, cleaning and transport, etc. Furthermore, this study provides factory distribution and planning maps and the treatment fee of each cost item for the incinerators under the united treatment system.