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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medical waste'
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Garapati, Pavani Tushara. "Greencare - A Medical Waste Management Facility." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10785091.
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GreenCare is a medical waste management facility, located in Los Angeles, California and aims at effectively treating and managing all kinds of medical wastes. GreenCare’s business plan elaborates on how it is designed to safely and effectively handle the management of medical waste, by minimizing harmful byproducts, and emissions in the process. The aim of GreenCare is to offer disposal techniques including no-burn technologies that do not emit dioxin, mercury and other fatal pollutants, which differentiates GreenCare from other competitors in the market. The unique value proposition of GreenCare is to provide advanced ecological sensitive medical waste processing, and we aim to do this in a cost-competitive manner. It aims to lessen the ecological burden of medical waste in our communities, that is bound to create a positive impact on community health, in the long run. This business proposal gives the reader a thorough insight into the legal, regulatory issues and financial assumptions based upon which this proposal was designed.
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Carpenter, William K. "Design of medical waste treatment systems employing bioremediation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42615.
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The design and development of a system for disinfecting medical waste at the site of origin is presented. Investigation of the current commercial systems that accomplish this task shows that they all expose the waste to physical conditions that are harmful to all forms of life. Further, most are very expensive to install and to operate. A recently developed biochemical process promises to effectively inactivate harmful pathogenic organisms economically and without the danger of extreme heat or poisonous chemicals.
The biochemical process is not yet fully developed. Nonetheless, the development of a marketable system to take advantage of this technology has been initiated. The motivation for developing this technology and the particular system that will employ it is presented.
A general overview of the system and components is presented. Previous and suggested future testing strategies are explained. Component interactions and process control are described.Master of Science
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Leung, Kin-keung Kenneth. "Management and disposal of clinical waste /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18733992.
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Alhadlaq, Abdullah Abdulaziz. "Investigation and development of a framework for medical waste management." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11813.
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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the golf states and one of the richest oil producing countries. Saudi population is nearly 27million; in addition, Saudi Arabia receives millions of people from around the world for Islamic pilgrimages. Moreover, Saudi is hosting hundreds of thousands of international professionals and labourers. Hence, the country infrastructure and services have been in the top agenda to be modernized in order to cope with new demand for better quality of life for a rich country. The healthcare sector is one of the key sectors which requires a special on going attention, particularly medically generated waste. Therefore, this research work has been conducted to investigate the status of medical waste management in the capital city; Riyadh. The prime aim of this research work is to propose a strategic framework which can be used as a roadmap for the different stakeholders. This will contribute to the enforcement of better handling and treatment of medical waste and more importantly prevent and control the spread of diseases or harm might be caused by poor handling of medical waste. The aim of the research has been achieved through; the critical review and analysis of the relevant literature, which has revealed the noticeable gap and lack of scientific studies of the proposed field. Appropriately, the findings of the research has contributed to filling the gap of the knowledge as well as serving as a milestone for further research work in this very important field. By surveying Riyadh’s hospitals and other national and international reports has. This allowed the presentation of the facts and indications of the current status of medical waste in Riyadh City. To obtain in-depth knowledge and gather the important findings concerning the medical waste management, focused; interviews of different medical professionals from various hospitals were conducted. This research has revealed more important factors that need to be addressed. These findings were used to propose the framework, which has been formed to enable resolving the challenges of the integration, of the awareness element though Islamic principles, within the Saudi system. The proposed framework has been evaluated by committee of medical professionals and has been accepted as good roadmap and appropriate solution that address the main aim of this research work. Finally, the research work is just a step towards the establishment of a proper biomedical waste management system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Some recommendations for future implementation are suggested at the end of this thesis.
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Heffner, Heather Ann. "Analysis of post-use hypodermic needle medical waste disposal." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131158/unrestricted/heffner%5Fheather%5Fa%5F200405%5Fms.pdf.
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Tolosana, Sandra. "Aspects of medical waste disposal in the Cape Peninsula." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26572.
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Hazardous waste management practices at ten medical institutions in Cape Town were studied and tests undertaken to determine concentrations of specific chemicals and radioactivity in liquid effluent outflows, as well as emissions from incinerators. To investigate the sewage outflow for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), N, pH and heavy metals, a continuous sampler was installed at two hospitals and a Medical School. Samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for As, Hg, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe. Mercury levels ranged from l-70μg l⁻¹, exceeding the Environmental Target Quality of 0.04μg l⁻¹, and the South African General Effluent Standard of 20μg l⁻¹ . All other heavy metals were below General Effluent Standard Limits. In addition, a sludge sample from the Athlone Wastewater Plant was tested for Hg, realising 6mg kg⁻¹ on a dry weight basis, which was within Department of Health (DOH) Guidelines of 10 mg kg⁻¹. Samples of incinerator bottom ash analysed for heavy metal content gave Hg concentrations of 1.1-4.0mg kg⁻¹, and Zn concentrations of 5.1-11.0g kg⁻¹. Incinerator ash was also analysed for radio-activity and substantial levels of ¹²⁵I (332-650 bq kg⁻¹ ), and Ga⁶⁷ (9186bq kg⁻¹) recorded, which exceeded the South African limits of 200bq kg⁻¹. In Cape Town, hospital incinerators are old, burn large amounts of plastics and produce toxic emissions. They are all situated in residential or inner-city areas, and even though there is legislation dealing with emissions and chemical waste, these laws are not being enforced. Based on the above results, an investigation was carried out to assess attitudes to and knowledge of hazardous waste in the ten institutions. One thousand questionnaires were administered to staff, and the data from the 80% response rate statistically analysed. Results suggest that there is an urgent need for an holistic approach to toxic waste management, encompassing enforceable legislation coupled with on-going educational programmes and strong support from top management and all levels of staff.
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LUCIANI, FABIO. "Medical waste managment in dentistry through enzime fuel cells." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/203209.
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Although waste is traditionally assessed as a polluting thing which need to be reduced or lessened, its management is a necessity wherever human beings live. Every year, global energy request increases. While oil products actually fulfil the great part of the energy demand, the growing difficulty in meeting it and, as a consequence, all the pollution and global warming problems are driving scientific research to an alternative and renewable energy.
Waste contain a significant energy amount; if we could employ them and convert them into a reusable form, we might provide either to supply clean energy and to resolve the waste global problem. This issue is felt in a dental surgery too, because it concerns dangerous and infectious-risk waste disposal.
The possibility of the employment of pieces of waste and consequently of their inside energy converting can represent a turning point in the clear energy field, gaining an enormous benefit for the environment and significantly lowering waste management costs. In recent years, Enzymatic Biofuel Cells (EFC), with substantial and green advantages have become a promising power source being distinguishable among the alternative energy conversion systems. Nowadays, since fossil fuel depletion and global climate change have started to threaten our existence and future, extensive research has been devoted on finding alternative energy resources and developing more efficient and environmentally friendly processes for energy storage and conversion. The current work focuses on enzymatic biological fuel cells (EFC), which are designed to convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electricity in a sustainable manner. The aim of our study is to develop enzymatic fuel cells using the infectious-risk special waste, such as blood and saliva, as fuels. Considering that blood contains glucose, the EFC devices development can be developed through the preparation of a glucose-oxidized (GOx) based bioanode, immobilized on an electrode surface. During our research we developed an Enzimatic Fuel Cell prototype and we evaluated its ability to harvest energy from the blood and the saliva inside the risk-infectious medical waste and to employ it in order one day to help the energy requirements of a consulting room.
This device is based on GOx as biocatalyst and either Nafion orlow cost mambranes based on polyaromatic polymers were used as polymer electrolytes. Moreover, we also have explored the performance of single chamber configuration, which directly eliminate the use of membranes, to assess the applicability of EFCs for dentistry waste management.
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Leung, Kin-keung Kenneth, and 梁健強. "Management and disposal of clinical waste." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253775.
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Shui, Siyuan. "Pyrolysis of medical waste and the pyro gas combustion system." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-204873.
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This report reviews the different types of medical waste and associated medical waste generation data by geographic regions. Incineration methods and non-incineration methods, together with their associated technologies, are reviewed in detail. Among all the methods, pyrolysis technologies are, in principle, technically and politically attractive due to less pollution and toxic products emissions as compared to other methods (especially traditional incineration methods). In this report, the data are organized and analyzed from a series of pyrolysis tests carried out by KTH according to a technology concept developed by Bioincendia AB. A combustion system for the pyro gas treatment is built based on the small-scale induction pyrolysis machine. The concept of the pyro gas combustion system is expressed through the block diagram and the boundary conditions are estimated according to the test data and the literature. The result of theoretical calculation indicates the boundary conditions of system are in reasonable range. The critical parameters of heat exchange unit increase the building of whole system.
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Brauneis, Jacqueline Nicole. "The Sterilization and Recycling of Medical Waste: A Plant Design." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144181.
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Tam, Yiu-man. "Clinical waste management and its future development in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1745704X.
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Tam, Yiu-man, and 譚耀敏. "Clinical waste management and its future development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253544.
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Hudgins, Douglas B. "Enzyme diffusion and cellulose breakdown in the bioremediation of medical waste." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41928.
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The disposal of infectious medical waste has become a major environmental concern.
New disposal methods are currently being investigated; one of these is a bioremediation
process which utilizes enzymes in a batch reactor to render the waste noninfectious. The
success of this biological process depends on (among other things) two mechanisms: the
diffusion of the disinfecting enzymes into small crevices within the waste stream and the
breakdown of cellulose-derived material by cellulase enzymes.
It was found that the waste stream contained a variety of small crevices which could possibly contain pathogens. Circulation in these crevices was restricted by their small openings and one must rely on diffusion of enzymes to disinfect their interiors. Numerical models for the diffusion of enzymes within one-dimensional and re-entrant crevices were developed and a method for comparing various re-entrant crevices was presented. From these models a conservative method for determining approximate disinfection times for the crevices was described. It was determined from this conservative method that most crevices within the waste will either be disinfected during the process or shortly thereafter.
This biological process also utilizes cellulases to breakdown the paper within the waste stream. Small-scale simulated waste experiments were conducted with cellulases to determine the increase in maximum mixable solids concentration and the mass reduction of the waste due to cellulase activity. The addition of cellulases to the slurry more than doubled the waste concentration which could be agitated and reduced the agitator shaft power by as much as 50% when compared to the simulated waste tests with no cellulase.
Significant mass reduction was also observed with the addition of cellulases to the slurries.
Small-scale breakdown experiments were conducted with and without cellulases using
newsprint as the substrate. These experiments were performed to determine the influence
of cellulose hydrolysis by cellulases on agitator power. A simple mathematical model was
developed and presented which described this phenomenon.
Master of Science
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Abor, Patience Aseweh. "Medical waste management at Tygerberg hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/782.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007This study examined the medical waste management practices of Tygerberg Hospital. The researcher made use of both primary and secondaiy data. Since this was a is study, the analysis is essentially descriptive.The results of this study revealed that both general and medical wastes are generated in the hospital. Tygerberg Hospital does not quantify medical waste. Segregation of medical wastes into infectious medical waste and non-infectious medical waste is not conducted according to definite rules and standards. The hospital does not label infectious waste with Biohazard symbol. Separation of medical waste and municipal waste is however practiced to a satisfactory extent. Wheeled trolleys are used for on-site transportation of waste from the points of production (different wards) to the temporary storage area. Staff responsible for collecting medical waste use almost complete personal protective equipment. The results of this study indicated that off-site transportation of the hospital waste is undertaken by a private waste management company. Waste is transported daily and small pickups are mainly used by the waste management company for transporting the waste to an off-site area for treatment and disposal. The final disposal of the medical waste is done by the private waste management company. The main treatment method used in the final disposal of infectious waste is incineration. Non-infectious waste is disposed of using land disposal method. The hospital does not recycle medical waste materials except white office paper and mixed office paper and the use of empty containers of antiseptics for the collection and temporary storage of sharps.The hospital does not provide training for staff members on the health and environmental effects of infectious waste. The waste management company's workers have also not received any formal training with regards to medical waste management. The study showed that Tygerberg Hospital does not have a policy and plan in place for managing medical waste. There is no definite policy or plan for purchasing the necessary equipment and for providing the facilities for the correct management of medical waste in the hospital. There are also no policies and guidelines regarding the recycling of medical waste products. There are a number of problems the hospital faces in terms of medical waste management, including; lack of necessary rules, regulations and instructions on the different aspects of collection and disposal of waste, intermingling of hazardous wastes with domestic waste in the hospital sometimes, failure to quantify the waste generated in reliable records, lack of use of coloured bags by limiting the bags to only one colour for all waste, the absence of a dedicated waste manager, the supervisor in charge of general services has waste management as part of his job schedule, and there is no committee responsible for monitoring the management of medical waste. From the results of this study, it is obvious that medical waste management is not practiced according to the World Health Organisation's (WHO's) recommended standards. There are some areas where medical wastes are not properly managed. It is imperative for significant investment in the proper management of medical waste in order to reduce the health risk it poses.
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Maseko, Qondile. "Critical evaluation of medical waste management policies, processes and practices in selected rural hospitals in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013107.
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This thesis critically evaluates the policies, processes and practices of medical waste management in selected rural hospitals in the Eastern Cape. Medical Waste Management is a growing public health and environmental issue worldwide. Research shows large scale incapacity in dealing with medical waste in an efficient and sustainable fashion globally, which demonstrates that it is not merely a developing world problem alone. This study is conducted against the backdrop of an increasing medical waste crisis in South Africa. Although there are an abundance of studies on solid waste management, there is a lack of data and research particularly on medical waste management in rural hospitals. The crisis of medical waste management in South Africa is closely intertwined with the collapsing health care system and an overburdened natural environment. It is an undisputable fact that South Africa’s generation of medical waste far exceeds its capacity to handle it effectively. This thesis argues that the neglect of medical waste as an environmental-health issue and the absence of an integrated national medical waste management plan aggravate the medical waste problem in the country. In explaining the medical waste crisis, this thesis adopts a Marxist perspective which is based on the premise that industrial capitalist societies place economic growth and production at high priority at the expense of the natural environment; creating a society that is engulfed by high health risk due to the generation of hazardous and toxic waste. Industrial societies view themselves as superior and separate from the natural environment, whereas one cannot separate nature from society as they are interlinked. As society attempts to adopt a sustainable environmental approach towards environmental management, science and technology are enforced as a solution to environmental problems in order to continue developing countries’ economies whilst sustainably managing and protecting the environment, which is contradictory. This thesis emphasises that medical waste management is a socio-political problem as much as it is an environmental problem, hence the need to focus on power relations and issues of environmental and social justice. The results of the study identified gaps in policy framework nationally and institutionally on medical waste management. In addition, there were poor waste management practices due to poor training, inadequate infrastructure and resources as well as poor budget support.
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Helal, Nayazi. "Medical waste sharps injuries : research methodology and hospital waste disposal practices in the rapidly developing desert Emirate of Abu-Dhabi." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843136/.
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This project aimed to assess the magnitude and risk factors for sharps injuries from handling medical waste in five public hospitals in Abu Dhabi. The study populations formed two groups: medical waste handlers and healthcare staff. A review of the international literature on relevant studies illustrated the circumstances in other countries and pointed to areas for study in Abu Dhabi. The regulatory structures for safeguarding the health and safety of workforces in health care in technologically advanced nations were examined so as to allow the most effective regulatory framework to be developed and proposed for the medical institutions in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, taking account of its own social and industrial circumstances. The populations selected for study, representative samples of the healthcare staff and medical waste handlers in the five hospitals, were investigated through a holistic and multidimensional approach, using qualitative and quantitative methods. The methods included; field observational visits to the participant hospitals (for observation and interviews of the staff): and cross-sectional studies, for which questionnaires were used. The results described the demographic characteristics of the two study populations, highlighting their age structures, nationalities, lengths of experience, and permanence or transience. Their use of safety equipment, exposures to education and training in occupational health and safety, frequencies and experience of injuries, and the risk factors for those injuries were investigated. These variables were analyzed to ascertain the sub-groups most vulnerable to the injuries from sharps and needle sticks. The findings highlighted issues which required to be resolved in order to improve the efficiency of the handling and managing of medical waste and to diminish the associated risks for the healthcare staff and medical waste handlers in these hospitals. The positive responses from managements and staff during this study showed the value of careful planning for the investigations in order to obtain the full support of the managements and willing cooperation of the workforces. The results identified several areas where deeper and continuing studies appeared essential in order to obtain light on the many components of the collaborative national aim of having a healthy, active and consequently productive workforce through a sound system of health protection of the hospitals workforce as a significant component of the nation's healthcare system.
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Plernpis, Kanchanabul Jiraporn Chompikul. "Infectious waste management of health centers in Muang district, Kanchanaburi province /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd415/5038003.pdf.
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Garg, Anil Kumar. "Design, installation and testing of a bioremediation-based system for treating regulated medical waste." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020330/.
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Clark, Andrea L. "Waste Management Minimization Strategies in Hospitals." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5064.
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During the delivery of healthcare services, hospital employees use enormous amounts of water, energy, and nonbiodegradable carcinogenic plastics. In the U.S., hospital staff generate an average of over 7,000 tons of waste per day at an average cost of $0.28 per pound for the disposal of regulated medical trash, which if efficiently managed or reduced, could result in substantial cost savings. Using the organizational learning and the transaction cost economics theories as the conceptual frameworks, the purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore strategies healthcare leaders used to minimize their waste management operational costs. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with 4 managers at a healthcare system in the Midwestern United States and reviewing financial documents as well as the participants' hospital website. Based on the thematic analysis, 4 primary themes emerged: (a) engaged leadership, (b) incorporate sustainability into the mission, vision, and values of the organization, (c) create an organizational culture of sustainability, and (d) innovation. Because society's health is largely dependent on the environment around them, these findings could assist hospital leaders in the implementation of cost-effective waste management strategies and contribute to positive social change.
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Kuzborska, Zyta. "Medicinos atliekų susidarymas ir tvarkymas sveikatos priežiūros įstaigoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20140626_185859-64698.
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SANTRAUKA Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakultetas Reabilitacijos, sporto medicinos ir slaugos institutas Slaugos magistrantūros programa MEDICINOS ATLIEKŲ SUSIDARYMAS IR TVARKYMAS SVEIKATOS PRIEŽIŪROS ĮSTAIGOJE Slaugos magistro baigiamasis darbas Darbo autorė: Zyta Kuzborska Darbo vadovas: doc. dr. Saulius Vainauskas Vilnius, 2009 m. Pagrindinės sąvokos: medicinos atliekos, pavojingos atliekos. Temos aktualumas: pastaruoju metu didėjantys medicinos atliekų kiekiai verčia atlikti papildomus atliekų judėjimo ligoninėje tyrimus, nustatyti, ar taikomi būdai užtikrins greitą ir patikimą atliekų naikinimą ir žmonių saugą. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti medicinos atliekų susidarymą ir tvarkymą Viešojoje įstaigoje Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikose. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išnagrineti medicinos atliekų teisinę bazę. Medicinos atliekų teisinės bazės analizė; 2. Nustatyti medicinos atliekų susidarymo kiekį per metus Viešojoje įstaigoje Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikose; 3. Įvertinti medicinos atliekų rūšiavimo, tvarkymo ir utilizacijos kelius. Tyrimo objektas ir metodika. Tyrimo objektas – Viešoji įstaiga Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santariškių klinikos. Tyrimui atlikti buvo pasirinktas anketinės apklausos metodas. Respondentai parinkti naudojant netikimybinės atrankos atsitiktinį patogųjį būdą. Tyrime dalyvavo 103 respondentai. Gauti atsakymų variantai buvo apdorojami kiekybiniu būdu. Duomenys įvertinti „SPSS for Windows 13.0“ programa. Svarbiausi... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]SUMMARY Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine Institute of Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Nursing Master’s degree Nursing Programme THE FORMATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE MEDICAL WASTE IN THE HEALTH CARE INSTITUTION Master’s degree final scientific research work Author of the master’s degree scientific research work: Zyta Kuzborska Head of the master’s degree scientific research work: doc. dr. Saulius Vainauskas Vilnius, 2009 Keywords: medical waste, dangerous waste. Subject relevance: Recently medical waste amounts are increasing therefore it is necessary to make extra researches of waste movement in the hospital. To evaluate if applied methods will secure fast and secure waste disposal and human safety. The aim of the work: „To evaluate medical waste formation and management in the Public institution Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos.“ The targets of the work: 1. To analyse medical waste juridical basis. The analysis of medical waste juridical basis. 2. To estimate medical waste formation amounts per year in the Public institution Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos. 3. To value medical waste sorting, management and utilization ways. The object and methodology of the research: The object of the research - Public institution Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos. Questionnaire method was used for the investigation. 103 respondents took place in the investigation. Get answers versions were processed using the quantitative way. The data... [to full text]
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Berto, Daniel Neves. "Elementos da cadeia de suprimentos de materiais médicohospitalares sob o enfoque da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/86091.
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A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) entrou em vigor no Brasil em agosto de 2010. Devido à sua recente implantação, muitas organizações ainda estão se adaptando às novas visões que esta lei propõe sobre a gestão dos resíduos no país. A cadeia de suprimentos de materiais médico-hospitalares também faz parte dessa gama de organizações em adaptação, onde novos desafios a respeito da gestão dos resíduos têm surgido. Devido ao tipo de resíduo gerado nas atividades de saúde, o assunto ganha importância e merece atenção especial por parte dos agentes dessa cadeia de suprimentos. Boa parte dos resíduos gerados em atividades de saúde é considerada resíduo perigoso, por esse motivo, os objetivos da PNRS, como a redução do volume e da periculosidade desses resíduos, podem exercer pressões sobre os agentes envolvidos na fabricação, consumo e descarte dos mesmos. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar como ocorre a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos de materiais médico-hospitalares no estado do Rio Grande do Sul sob o enfoque da PNRS. Para isso, foram abordados agentes de três níveis dessa cadeia: 1- fornecedores de materiais médico-hospitalares, 2- hospitais e 3- empresas de tratamento de resíduos de saúde. Com a finalidade de enriquecer a visão dessa cadeia, abordaram-se também alguns órgãos governamentais relacionados às questões de resíduos. Buscou-se identificar na cadeia, a existência ou não de colaboração entre os agentes, dificuldades e oportunidades na gestão de resíduos e produtos e processos relacionados às questões de resíduos. O método utilizado foi o estudo de caso e a coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevistas com gestores de diferentes agentes da cadeia de suprimentos de materiais médico-hospitalares no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram abordadas 11 instituições pertencentes à cadeia mencionada, das quais foram entrevistados 17 profissionais. Foi possível identificar a ausência de colaboração com os fornecedores da cadeia, e a colaboração incipiente entre os demais membros. Também foi possível identificar dificuldades como o aumento da descartabilidade dos produtos, a má segregação e a falta de tratamento adequado aos produtos químicos. As oportunidades foram apresentadas como possibilidade de intervenção do governo sobre as questões na forma de estímulo ao desenvolvimento de produtos menos agressivos e aumento das pressões legais sobre os agentes. Entre os produtos e processos destacaram-se os produtos que contenham matérias-primas menos agressivas na destinação final, a logística reversa e a substituição do consumo de produtos por serviços.The Brazilian National Policy on Solid Waste (NPSW) entered into force in August 2010. Due to its recent implementation, many organizations are still adjusting to new visions that this law proposes in terms of waste management in the country. The supply chain of medical and hospital supplies is also part of this group of organizations that are currently in adaptation, and where new challenges regarding waste management have emerged. Due to the type of waste generated in health activities, this issue becomes important and deserves special attention from the agents of this supply chain. Much of the waste generated in health activities is considered a hazardous waste, and for that reason, the objectives of NPSW, such as reducing the volume and hazard of the waste, can put pressure on those involved in the production, consumption and disposal of this kind of waste. This study therefore aimed to identify the management of the medical and hospital supply chain in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, under the approach of NPSW. To achieve the objectives, different agents were approached, representing the three levels of the chain: 1 - suppliers of medical and hospital material, 2 - hospitals and 3 - companies specialized in the treatment of health waste. In order to enrich the results, governmental bodies were also addressed on their views towards health waste issues. Overall, the aim was to identify the existence or absence of collaboration between agents, the difficulties and opportunities in waste management and finally, the products and processes related to waste issues within this supply chain. The case study method was used and data was collected through interviews with managers of different agents in the supply chain of medical and hospital supplies in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In total, 17 professionals from 11 health-related institutions were interviewed. As main results, it was possible to identify the absence of cooperation with the suppliers of the chain, and incipient collaboration between the remaining members. It was also possible to identify difficulties, as the increasing disposability of products, poor segregation and lack of adequate treatment for chemical products. The opportunities were presented as a possibility for governmental intervention - that could act as stimulus for the development of less aggressive products and increase the legal pressure on chain agents to comply with the legislation. Among the products and processes investigated, interviewees highlighted products containing raw materials that are less aggressive in their final disposal, reverse logistics and replacement of consumer products for services.
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Ramabitsa-Siimane, Ts'aletseng. "The identification of environmentally sound technologies for healthcare waste management in Lesotho." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05112006-114349.
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Brunet, Nicolas. "Study of a valorisation process for biomass industrial waste involving acid cooking and enzymatic hydrolysis." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278738.
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Lignocellulosic biomass has potential to chip in the chemical and biofuels supplies in future societies,even though lignocellulose is a recalcitrant structure that has to be treated in several steps. After theirproper life cycle, wood-derived materials such as particleboards have few outcomes today apart fromenergy recovery for heat production. Then, they may be used as lignocellulosic biomass sources in theproduction of molecules of interest. Fermentation from wood-derived monosaccharides imposespreliminary sugar retrieval, for instance through pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. This studyfocuses on the potential of particleboards waste for chemical and biofuel production by comparingsaccharification through simulated steam explosion pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis betweennative and particleboard-derived wood, with an insight in subsequent fermentation by Saccharomycescerevisiae. Urea-Formaldehyde bound particleboard was investigated, as well as some aspects ofMelamine-Urea-Formaldehyde bound particleboard. Pre-treatment resulted in apparition of lignocellulosic degraded compounds in a much larger extent innative wood than in particleboard, which seemed to be only superficially impacted. Formation ofdegraded compounds from sugars – furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural – was enhanced when pretreatmentwas prolonged. Removal of a substantial fraction of the adhesive contained in theparticleboards was observed, leading to comparable concentrations in free urea, its degradedproducts, and formaldehyde between native wood and particleboards during enzymatic hydrolysis.Enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulases and hemicellulases highlighted a critical role of pre-treatment toenhance final yields, both in native wood and in Urea-Formaldehyde particleboard. Adding 20 minutessteam-explosion type pre-treatment at 160 °C resulted in glucose yields increase from 18.5 % to 32.8% for native wood and from 15.6 % to 37.4 % for particleboard. Prolonging pre-treatment residencetime to 35 minutes resulted in much better glucose extraction for native wood but only slight progressfor the particleboard, as glucose yields reached 64.5 % and 41.1 % respectively. Maximalconcentrations achieved were 277 and 184 mg/gbiomass respectively. Fermentation brought to light high inhibition from both native wood and particleboard sources ofmedia, which were attributed to components or degraded products of lignocellulose that were notanalysed in this project. Ethanol was formed during fermentation, with reduced productivity butincreased yields as compared with the control sample. Inhibition was so strong that no difference couldbe given between native and particleboard wood. In this situation, no inhibition potential of resin orits degradation products could be proved.Lignocellulosic biomassa har potential att bidra till kemikalier och biobränsletillförsel i framtidasamhällen, trots att lignocellulosa är en rekalcitrant struktur som måste behandlas i flera steg. Idagträmaterial som spånskivor bara används för energiåtervinning och värmeproduktion efter deraslivscykel. De kan därför användas som råvara för framställning av värdefulla molekyler.Fermenteringsprocesser behöver frisättningen av trä monosackarider genom förbehandlingsprocesseroch enzymatisk hydrolys. Studien fokuserar på potentialen för avfall från spånskivor för kemisk ochbiobränsleproduktion. Vi har jämfört sackarifiering mellan nativt trä och spånskivor genom simuleradångaxplosion och enzymatisk hydrolys, med en inblick i efterföljande fermentering av Saccharomycescerevisiae. Spånskivor bunden av urea-formaldehyd undersöktes, liksom vissa aspekter av spånskivorbundna med melamin-urea-formaldehyd. Förbehandlingen producerade högre koncentration av lignocellulosa nedbrytningsprodukter frånnativt trä jämfört med spånskivor. Bildningen av nedbrytningsprodukter från sockerarter - furfural och5-hydroxymethylfurfural - ökade med längre förbehandlingar. En väsentlig fraktion av limmet borttogsfrån spånskivorna, vilket ledde till jämförbara koncentrationer i fri urea, dess nedbrytningsprodukteroch formaldehyd mellan naturligt trä och spånskivor under enzymatisk hydrolys. Enzymatisk hydrolys med cellulaser och hemicellulaser avslöjade den kritiska rollen av förbehandlingför att förbättra utbytet, både i naturligt trä och i urea-formaldehyd spånskiva. Längre (20 minuter)ångexplosion vid 160° C resulterade i högre glukosutbytet (från 18,5% till 32,8% för naturligt trä ochfrån 15,6% till 37,4% för spånskivor). Förlängning av uppehållstiden före behandlingen till 35 minuterresulterade i mycket bättre glukosekstraktion för nativt trä (64,5%) men endast liten framsteg förspånskivan (41,1%). Detta resulterade i maximalt utbyte av 277 mg Glc/g biomassa och 184 mg Glc/ gbiomassa för nativt trä och spånskivor, respektive. Fermentering visade hög hämning från lignocellulosa nedbrytningsprodukter som inte analyserades iprojektet för både nativt trä och spånskällor för media. Etanol bildades under fermentering medreducerad produktivitet men ökade utbyten jämfört med kontrollprovet. Hämningen var så stark attingen skillnad kunde ges mellan naturligt trä och spånskivor. I denna situation kunde ingenhämningspotential för lim eller dess nedbrytningsprodukter bevisas.
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Irianti, Sri. "A Policy Framework for the Improvement of Health Care Waste Management in Indonesia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367328.
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Indonesia is a developing country in the South East Asian region (SEAR), with a total population of 237,641,326, in 2010, living in 33 provinces. In line with economic development and decentralisation of the health system, the number of health care establishments steadily increases to keep up with population growth and public needs. Institutions delivering health services, including hospitals and health centres (HCs), inevitably generate a tremendous amount of wastes, a fraction of which are infectious and hazardous. The majority of health care institutions do not manage their medical wastes, properly, to minimise their risks. Consequently, their wastes are unsafe for patients, health care workers, waste handlers and the general population. These can spread health care-acquired infections (HAI). The Government of Indonesia (GoI) enacted a number of laws and regulations to govern the implementation of sound environmental management, municipal solid waste management (MSWM), and hazardous waste management. However, there is no clear policy framework to ensure safe health care waste management (HCWM), in accordance with such laws and regulations. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2010 to develop a suitable policy framework for sustainable HCWM. It employed concurrent mixed methods, including quantitative and qualitative inquiries, consisting of mailed survey questionnaires and in-depth interviews, waste audits and onsite observations. The mailed survey, using a structured questionnaire, reached 237 sample public hospitals across 27 provinces. In-depth interviews with relevant policy makers were conducted in eight hospitals, five HCs from five provinces, and four institutions at the central level, including the Ministries of Health (MoH), and Environment (MoE), as key stakeholders. The waste in eight large hospitals across five provinces was audited.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Santos, João Eduardo Correia dos. "Gestão de resíduos hospitalares em Portugal e avaliação de impactes no ambiente e na saúde." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3858.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências FarmacêuticasO aumento da qualidade dos serviços de saúde associado ao crescimento populacional, tem vindo nas últimas décadas a contribuir para um aumento da produção de resíduos hospitalares (RH). Com o intuito de melhorar a gestão destes resíduos, têm sido desenvolvidas várias estratégias para evitar o contato dos RH com o meio ambiente e com a população por razões de saúde pública. No entanto, e apesar de todos os esforços significativos a nível da informação e formação de profissionais envolvidos na gestão de RH e sensibilização da população em geral, tende a persistir uma manifesta incompreensão sobre os riscos associados a estes resíduos, conduzindo na maior parte das vezes, a uma incorreta deposição dos mesmos. Os RH, comumente associados com a designação de “Lixo Hospitalar”, representam um elevado potencial de risco para a saúde e para o meio ambiente. A falta de adoção de procedimentos técnicos adequados em ambiente hospitalar e o decorrente incumprimento pelas empresas licenciadas para a gestão destes mesmos resíduos, representam um sério problema em relação aos vários fatores intervenientes do processo. A preservação do bem-estar dos profissionais no circuito dos RH e o grande número de utentes que se dirigem todos os dias às Unidades Prestadoras de Cuidados de Saúde (UPCS) ficam em perigo, uma vez que a incorreta gestão dos RH poderá favorecer uma exposição ininterrupta destas pessoas aos impactes inerentes a este tipo de resíduos. De uma forma geral, também o meio ambiente fica em perigo uma vez que é o principal depósito dos compostos tóxicos resistentes aos tratamentos das Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETARs), provenientes dos efluentes hospitalares, dos RH que são direcionados para os aterros sanitários e dos compostos tóxicos emitidos pelo processo de incineração de RH. Segundo o enquadramento legal atual europeu e nacional, os RH são classificados em quatro grupos distintos dependendo da sua perigosidade e, com a implementação do primeiro Plano Estratégico dos Resíduos Hospitalares (PERH) em 1999 e do segundo Plano Estratégico em 2011, foram designados para cada grupo determinados procedimentos de manuseamento de RH nos seus locais de produção, técnicas de tratamentos/eliminação e o destino final adequado, bem como as metas a atingir para cada horizonte temporal evidenciadas nos dois planos estratégicos. Na realização deste trabalho, analisaram-se quais os impactes ambientais e na saúde humana provenientes de uma má gestão de RH e qual a evolução e situação atual relativamente às doutrinas legislativas e estratégias implementadas a nível nacional e se estas se encontram adequadas à realidade das UPCS. A sua realização permitiu concluir que são necessárias algumas mudanças relativamente à gestão de RH em unidades de serviços de saúde, através da implementação de estratégias mais adequadas às dimensões das instalações, estrutura e quantidade de resíduos perigosos produzida por cada unidade, salvaguardando prioritariamente a segurança dos profissionais de saúde e utentes de modo a evitar possíveis infeções pelo contato de resíduos perigosos. É necessário também garantir a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de gestão de RH, aumentando a sua eficácia e promovendo a inovação, nomeadamente nas técnicas de tratamento, tornando-as mais adequadas a cada tipo de resíduo e menos dispendiosas. The increase of quality in health services is associated with population growth in the last decades. It has contributed to an increase of production of medical waste (MW). In order to improve the management of these wastes, various strategies have been developed to avoid the contact of MW with the environment and with the population for reasons of public health. However, despite all the significant efforts on information and training of the professionals involved in MW management and general awareness, it tends to persist a misunderstanding about the risks associated with these wastes, leading in most cases to an incorrect deposition of the same wastes. MW is commonly associated with the designation of "Hospital Waste", representing a potential risk to health and for the environment. The lack in adopting appropriate technical procedures in a hospital environment and the failure of companies licensed for the management of these same residues represents a serious problem in connection to the various factors involved in the whole process. The preservation of the welfare of the professionals in the MW circuit and the large number of users who goes every day to a Health Care Unit are in danger, due to incorrect MW management, which can indulge exposure of these people to impacts inherent to this type of waste. In general, environment is also in danger since it is the main repository of toxic compounds which are resistant to treatments in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP), contained in the effluents from the hospital. Environment also ultimately receives the MW that come to landfills and the toxic compounds emitted by the incineration of MW. According to the current European legal and national framework, MW are classified into four distinct groups depending on their hazardous and, with the implementation of the first Strategic Plan for Medical Waste in 1999 and the second Strategic Plan in 2011, to each group certain procedures were assigned for handling MW in their local production sites, certain techniques of treatment / elimination and the appropriate final disposal, as well as the goals to achieve for each time horizon specified in the two strategic plans. In this work, the environmental impacts and in human health descendant from a poor management of MW were analyzed. Also, the evolution of the current situation regarding to law doctrines and strategies implemented at a national level were studied, intending to know if those are appropriate to the reality of Health Care Units. The work allowed to conclude that some changes are needed regarding MW management in these units, able to be achieved through the implementation of the most appropriate strategies to the size and structure of the facilities, and to the amount of hazardous waste produced by each unit, safeguarding priority safety health of the professionals and users in order to prevent possible infections from contacting with hazardous waste. It is also necessary to ensure the sustainability of MW management, increasing the efficiency if the system and promoting innovation, particularly in treatment techniques, making them more suitable for each type of waste and less costly.
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Raphela, S. F. "Treatment and disposal of medical waste in rural and urban clinics within Polokwane municipality of South Africa." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 12, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/663.
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Published ArticleThe objective of the study was to assess the medical waste management practices used by clinics located in the Polokwane Municipality, South Africa. The clinic personnel were not informed prior to the visit. A walkthrough survey was conducted on-site where potential health and safety risks were identified and noted. The health care personnel in charge of specific clinics completed the questionnaires providing general and detailed information about the treatment and disposal of medical waste. Frequencies and percentages were calculated from the data obtained. Data obtained indicate that (i) medical waste was not segregated from general waste in most of the clinics, (ii) rural clinics were burning medical waste with general waste inside the clinic yard (iii) there was no sufficient collection and transport of medical waste in clinics, (iv) sharps were disposed at various hospital incinerators and (v) most of the clinics did not have storage facilities for medical waste.
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Makhura, R. R., S. F. Matlala, and M. P. Kekana. "Medical waste disposal at a hospital in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa: implications for training of healthcare professionals." Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1571.
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Published in: SAMJ November 2016, Vol. 106, 1096-1102, DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i11.10689Background. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) produce various types of waste in the course of rendering healthcare services. Each classification of waste must be disposed of according to the prescribed guidelines. Incorrect disposal of waste may pose a danger to employees, patients and the environment. HCPs must have adequate knowledge of the disposal of medical waste. Objectives. To determine the knowledge and practices of HCPs with regard to medical waste disposal at a hospital in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Methods. A quantitative cross-sectional research approach was used. The study respondents included nurses, medical doctors, dental health staff and allied health staff. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.0. Results. A high proportion of HCPs did not have adequate knowledge regarding the disposal of medical waste, but nevertheless disposed of medical waste appropriately. While the knowledge and practices of HCPs with regard to medical waste disposal were not associated with age, gender or years of experience, there was an association between professional category and knowledge and practices. Conclusions. Disposal of medical waste is the responsibility of all HCPs. All categories of HCPs should receive regular training to improve their knowledge regarding disposal of medical waste and to minimise the risks associated with improper waste management. This will further increase compliance with the guidelines on disposal of medical waste.
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Яковлєва, Я. С., Тетяна Миколаївна Чурилова, Татьяна Николаевна Чурилова, and Tetiana Mykolaivna Churylova. "Правове регулювання утилізації медичних відходів в Україні." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77907.
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Однією з причин погіршення стану екологічної ситуації є неправильне поводження
з медичними та фармацевтичними відходами, а саме порушення правил утилізації.
Медичні та фармацевтичні відходи є факторами прямого і опосередкованого забруднення
навколишнього середовища, вони створюють ризик виникнення інфекційних та
неінфекційних захворювань серед населення [1]. Актуальність питання зумовлена ще й
тим, що медичні відходи мають різний ступінь екологічної безпеки. Такі відходи наносять
шкоду довкіллю шляхом забруднення навколишнього середовища через викиди
лікарських препаратів у повітря, забруднення ними стічних вод та інше.
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Oliveira, Paula Sampaio de. "Caracterização dos resíduos dos serviços de saúde de um hospital de porte III no município de São José dos Campos e análise da execução do plano de gerenciamento." Universidade de Taubaté, 2006. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=86.
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This study deals with the handling of medical waste at teh a hospital registered III in the State of São Paulo. The study was elaboradet through non participant observation e weight of waste. The observation about medical waste handling were realized at the hospital. We also realized the weight dos waste .The medical waste created at the study site belonged
to : Group A- infectious, Group D- comum. Authors verified that waste conditioning packages and recipients, transportation cars, individual protection equipment and external storage are in accordance with legislation. However, the practices lead to inadequate medical waste fluxogram, which may cause environmental contamination risk and increase the risk of accidents involving infected biological material. Resuls shwed the need to review the medical waste handling plan, as wel as to elaborate protocols for waste handling with permanent human resource training and education. In view of the obtained results, we elaborated proposals to adapt the physical structure and waste fluxogram, which can minimize the risks of occupational accidents and promote safety in the hospital community, population and enviroment.O estudo aborda a caracterização dos resíduos dos serviços de saúde de um hospital de porte III no município de São José dos Campos e análise da execução do plano de gerenciamento. Trata-se de um estudo realizado por meio de observações diretas em todas as etapas do manejo dos resíduos, conforme Resolução ANVISA RDC 306 (2004) e quantificação em peso de todos os resíduos gerados no hospital. Observou-se que alguns profissionais, os quais prestam assistência direta aos pacientes desconhecem o PGRSS, e os que têm conhecimento não procedem a segregação de maneira correta. Percebeu-se acondicionamento inadequado dos resíduos químicos e perfurocortantes, ausência de tratamento prévio para alguns resíduos infectantes, presença de resíduos infectantes e perfurocortantes respectivamente na farmácia, conforto médico e lavanderia. Quanto aos resultados obtidos nas pesagens, verificou-se que a quantidade maior de resíduos gerados foi do grupo D, seguido dos resíduos comuns recicláveis, ressalta-se que a quantidade gerada destes resíduos, em todos os setores foi abaixo do esperado. Constatou-se que a quantidade de resíduos dos serviços de saúde gerados por leito/dia foi de 3,98kg/leito/dia, este resultado está em concordância com a literatura consultada. Mediante resultados, infere-se que são necessárias algumas adequações em todas as etapas do manejo. Uma das dificuldades para a execução do plano,foi a irresponsabilidade do ser humano perante o meio ambiente enquanto que uma das facilidades foi o apoio da diretoria técnica.Apresenta-se algumas recomendações: nomear um profissional como técnico responsável pelo plano, compor grupo de apoio técnico, implantar educação continuada.
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Venter, Hilda Magdalena. "The difference between a stillborn baby and a medical waste foetus in light of the current South African Law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65633.
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South Africa’s Constitution is the supreme law of the Republic and protects the rights of all people in South Africa. The right to inherent human dignity is guaranteed to ‘everyone’. Therefore, the state has a duty to protect and promote the human dignity of everyone. The question arises, does the constitutional guarantee of human dignity extend to the yet unborn? The thesis examines the South African position regarding the legal regulation of the burial of foetuses. The law states a foetus meeting with death before 26 weeks intra uterine may not be buried but should be disposed of as medical waste. This is in sharp contrast to the law which stipulates that a woman may no longer terminate her pregnancy ‘on demand’ once 20 weeks of gestation has been reached and may do so only for medical and other specified reasons after 20 weeks of pregnancy. The above creates a paradox: once 20 weeks of gestation is reached, the foetus is not worthy of burial, but worthy of protection against being aborted. Put differently, after 20 weeks’ intra uterine existence a foetus is given some measure of protection by the law; before 26 weeks’ intra uterine existence has been achieved, nevertheless, the foetus is not worthy of burial. This paradox forms the crux of the thesis. The South African legal position as well as that of selected foreign jurisdictions regarding the burial of foetuses are examined. Changes are proposed to the Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages Act 51 of 1992 in order to afford parents of foetuses who meet with death before 26 weeks of gestation the option of affording the foetus a dignified burial.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Public Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Ramíres, Marilyn Del Carmen Thompson. "Plano de gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde: proposta de modelo para um hospital do município do Panamá, República do Panamá." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-14052012-110504/.
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Desde há alguns anos vêm se tornado a cada vez mais evidentes, as consequências do crescimento da população mundial, da industrialização, e do consumismo que caracteriza nossa sociedade capitalista. Isto é, o aumento da produção de bens materiais, explorando as fontes de materia prima, e a geração descontrolada de resíduos, o que impacta negativamente o meio ambiente e representa riscos para a saúde humana. No contexto dessa problemática de saúde pública, destaca-se a produção de resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS). Atualmente, é sabido que os resíduos gerados em estabelecimentos de saúde devem ter um gerenciamento especial e diferenciado, pois mesmo que existam resíduos que não apresentam periculosidade, também há determinadas categorias de resíduos potencialmente perigosos. A exposição humana a esses resíduos, perigosos pela sua composição química ou infectante, pode resultar em lesão ou doença. Diferente da realidade dos países desenvolvidos, no Panamá, o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos ainda se apresenta como um tema negligenciado e que, portanto, não está de acordo com as recomendações internacionais nem cumpre com a legislação vigente do país. Esta investigação visou conhecer a estrutura do gerenciamento dos RSS gerados no Hospital del Niño do Panamá, República do Panamá, com o objetivo de elaborar uma proposta de Plano de Gerenciamento de RSS para este hospital. Partindo do fato de que o Hospital del Niño (HN) é um hospital pediátrico de grande porte, localizado no Município do Panamá, área onde se concentram os principais recursos técnicos e financeiros do país; a futura aplicação do PGRSS tem potencial de repercutir nos demais municípios e cidades do país. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, baseando-se na observação de campo e entrevistas aos sujeitos selecionados no HN. Os sujeitos selecionados constituiram-se de 2 informantes-chave, responsáveis pelo gerenciamento dos RSS no HN, nos aspectos operacional e administrativo. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio do material obtido com a aplicação do instrumento I-RAT do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD, 2009), incluindo registro fotográfico, anotações feitas em campo e entrevistas realizadas. Os resultados revelaram uma estrutura de gerenciamento de RSS que precisa e pode ser melhorada, e que o local de estudo não cumpre integralmente com as recomendações e exigências legais do país. Também permitiram adotar um modelo de PGRSS, utilizado no estado de São Paulo (COSTA, 2001) e adaptá-lo à realidade panamenha. A proposta do PGRSS resultante deste trabalho é uma ferramenta para o gerenciamento dos resíduos gerados pelo HN e demais estabelecimentos de saúde no Panamá. Este instrumento pode ser útil no sentido de colaborar para a segurança do trabalho, a saúde pública e a proteção do meio ambiente, contribuindo, assim, para uma melhor qualidade de vidaIn recent years, it has become increasingly evident the consequences of world population growth, industrialization, and the excessive consumption that characterize our capitalist society. This is the increased production of material assets by exploring the sources of raw material, and uncontrolled waste generation, which impacts negatively the environment and represents risks to human health. In the context of this public health issue, we highlight the waste from health care services. Currently, it is known that the waste generated in healthcare facilities must have a special and differentiated management, this because, even though there are wastes which do not present hazardous characteristics, there are also certain categories of potentially hazardous waste. Human exposure to these hazardous wastes, because of their chemical or infective composition, may result in injury or illness. Different from the reality of developed countries, in Panama, the solid waste management still is presented as a neglected issue and therefore not in accordance with international recommendations nor complies with the current country legislation. This research aimed to getting to know the structure of medical waste management generated at the Hospital del Niño de Panama, Republic of Panama, with the main goal of developing a Medical Waste Management Plan proposal for this hospital. Based on the fact that the Hospital del Niño (HN) is a large scale pediatric hospital, located in the Panama Municipality area, where the main technical and financial resources of the country are concentrated; the future application of a Healthcare Waste Management Plan, may have the potential to positively influence the other municipalities and cities in the country. It is a descriptive research based on field observations and interviews with subjects chosen from the HN. The selected subjects were constituted by 2 key informers, responsible in the operational and administrative aspects, for managing the medical waste at the Hospital. Data analysis was performed with the collected information by the application of the United Nations Development Programmes instrument, the I-RAT (PNUD, 2009), including the photographic recording, the notes taken in field and the held interviews. The results revealed a medical waste management structure that needs and can be improved, and that the research location does not meet integrally with the recommendations and legal requirements of the country. They also allowed to adopt a Medical Waste Management Plan model, used in the state of São Paulo, BR (COSTA, 2001), and adapting it to the Panamanian reality. The proposed Medical Waste Management Plan resulting from this study is a tool for the management of waste generated by the HN and others health establishments over Panama. This tool can be useful to cooperate with occupational safety, public health and environmental protection, thus contributing to a better life quality
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Nabiyouni, Nasim. "A Lean Six-Sigma Approach to Red Bag Waste Management in Hospitals." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo14810384664442.
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Sattar, Shaheen. "An environmental impact perspective of the management, treatment, and disposal of hazardous compounds generated as medical waste at selected hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/802.
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Thesis (MTech(Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.Pharmaceuticals have been formulated to influence physiological systems in humans, animals, and microbes but have never been considered as potential environmental pollutants by healthcare professionals. The human body is not a barrier to chemicals, but is permeable to it. Thus after performing their in-vivo functions, pharmaceutical compound introduced into the body, exit mainly via urine and faeces. Sewage therefore contains highly complex mixtures of chemicals in various degrees of biological potency. Sewage treatment works including those in South Africa, on the other hand, are known to be inefficient in removing drugs from sewage and consequently either the unmetabolised pharmaceutical compounds or their metabolites emerge in the environment as pollutants via several trajectories. In the environment, the excreted metabolites may even undergo regeneration to the original parent molecule under bacterial influence, resulting in “trans-vivo-pharmaceutical-pol ution-cycles”. Although all incinerators are known to generate toxins such dioxins and furans from the drugs they incinerate, all the medicines disposed by the hospitals under research, were incinerated, as the preferred option of disposal. The incineration process employed was found to be environmentally unsafe. Expired and unused medicines which the general public discard as municipal solid waste become landfilled. Because many landfill sites are not appropriately engineered, the unwanted drugs landfilled therein, leach into the surrounding ground water, which is the influent source of water treatment plants. Water treatment plants, including those in South Africa, are also inefficient in eliminating pharmaceutical compounds, releasing them in sub-therapeutic concentrations into potable tap water as pollutants, the full effects of which are yet to be determined.
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Іскович-Лотоцький, Р. Д., Я. В. Іванчук, Я. П. Веселовський, and В. І. Повстенюк. "Піролізна установка утилізації медичних відходів з додатковим очищенням атмосферних викидів." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/25715.
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Lima, Marcio Milani Marques. "Subsídios para a minimização dos resíduos de serviços de saúde gerados na unidade hospitalar da UNIMED na cidade de Rio Claro - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-25012017-161134/.
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As proposições deste trabalho tiveram como objetivo fundamental orientar e/ou melhorar um sistema organizado de RSS (Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde), em qualquer estabelecimento gerador, com a finalidade de controlar, reduzir com segurança e economia, os riscos associados aos RSS. Para o desenvolvimento de tais aspectos, foi escolhido o Hospital Unimed, unidades I e II, por ser de porte médio. No desenvolvimento do trabalho, foram considerados três aspectos fundamentais: a organização do sistema de manuseio dos resíduos sólidos, os aspectos técnicos-operacionais, os recursos humanos necessários, determinando assim responsabilidades bem definidas com o intuito de reduzir ao máximo os riscos para a saúde e meio ambiente, atendendo as especificações exigidas pela legislação e colaborando assim com toda a comunidade para uma qualidade de vida cada vez melhor.The proposals of this work had as fundamental objective to orientate and/or to improve a system organized by HSW (HeaIth Service Wastes), in any generator establishment generated with the aim of controlling, reducing with insurance and economy the risks linked to HSW. To deveIopment of such aspects, Hospital UNIMED was chosen, Units I and lI, because it is a medium size hospital. In the development of this work, three fundamentaIs aspects were considered: The organization of the handIe system of the solids wastes, technical - operational aspects, the human resources necessaries, so determining well defined responsibiIities with the objective of reducing at rnaximum the health and environmentaI risks, taking into consideration the specifications demanded by the legislation and collaborating with all the community for a much better quality of life.
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Raila, Emilia Mmbando. "Climate Change Implications for Health-Care Waste Incineration Trends during Emergency Situations." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/242.
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Healthcare waste (HCW) incineration practices in the global South countries are among the major sources of black carbon (BC) emissions or smoke. This study analyzes HCW incineration trends during emergency situations and smoke from HCW incineration processes in Haiti. The study was prompted by the current arguments about the climate change and the growing health effects associated with BC emissions. The conceptual framework was based on both adverse health effects from BC emissions exposure and climate change potential of BC emissions. Therefore, the goal was to determine whether cardboard HCW sharps containers emit lower BC emissions to the atmosphere during the incineration process, relative to the plastic sharps containers, and the pattern of emergency HCW incineration before and after the 2010 earthquake and cholera emergencies in Haiti. This was an observational study conducted with secondary data on HCW incinerated weights from January 2009 to December 2013 and primary data on average smoke densities. Linear regression analysis of the pattern of HCW incinerated weights revealed a relatively linear pattern (R2 = 0.164) with fluctuating scenarios (peak sharp rise in 2012). Independent samples t-tests demonstrated significantly lower smoke emission during the incineration processes of cardboard sharps HCW containers as compared to plastic containers (95 % CI, p = 0.003). Implications for positive social change include provision of quantitative evidence of the benefits of cardboard sharps HCW containers in reducing smoke during incineration activities, potential data for policy formulation, suggestions for review of existing HCW guidelines, and additional research on potential health impacts of emergency HCW disposal and BC emissions.
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Sattar, Mohamed Shaheen. "An environmental impact perspective of the management, treatment, and disposal of hazardous pharmaceutical compounds generated as medical waste at selected hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2012.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.Pharmaceuticals have been formulated to influence physiological systems in humans, animals, and microbes but have never been considered as potential environmental pollutants by healthcare professionals. The human body is not a barrier to chemicals, but is permeable to it. Thus after performing their in-vivo functions, pharmaceutical compound introduced into the body, exit mainly via urine and faeces. Sewage therefore contains highly complex mixtures of chemicals in various degrees of biological potency. Sewage treatment works including those in South Africa, on the other hand, are known to be inefficient in removing drugs from sewage and consequently either the unmetabolised pharmaceutical compounds or their metabolites emerge in the environment as pollutants via several trajectories. In the environment, the excreted metabolites may even undergo regeneration to the original parent molecule under bacterial influence, resulting in "trans-vivo-pharmaceutical-pollution-cycles". Although all incinerators are known to generate toxins such dioxins and furans from the drugs they incinerate, all the medicines disposed by the hospitals under research, were incinerated, as the preferred option of disposal. The incineration process employed was found to be environmentally unsafe. Expired and unused medicines which the general public discard as municipal solid waste become landfilled. Because many landfill sites are not appropriately engineered, the unwanted drugs landfilled therein, leach into the surrounding ground water, which is the influent source of water treatment plants. Water treatment plants, including those in South Africa, are also inefficient in eliminating pharmaceutical compounds, releasing them in sub-therapeutic concentrations into potable tap water as pollutants, the full effects of which are yet to be determined.
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Moreira, Ana Maria Maniero. "Gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde: um desafio para unidades basícas de saúde." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-06092012-103002/.
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O estudo avaliou o desempenho do gerenciamento dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) em quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do Município de São Paulo, Brasil. Foi desenvolvida ferramenta para caracterizar as unidades quanto ao sistema gerencial, identificar e quantificar os resíduos gerados e levantar o grau de atendimento ao marco legalregulatório vigente. Com apoio desta ferramenta, foram realizadas duas avaliações da situação do gerenciamento dos RSS, em cada UBS: uma prévia (fev./2011) e outra, pós-intervenção (fev./2012). A avaliação prévia permitiu elaboração de um Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (PGRSS) específico para cada UBS, cuja implantação foi acompanhada com intervenção, durante um ano. Na situação prévia, apenas 26 a 30 por cento das regulamentações/normas vigentes eram atendidas pelas UBS, devido à ausência de processos gerenciais sustentáveis e déficit de cuidados básicos quanto à segurança do trabalhador e usuários. Após a intervenção houve pequena melhora, ficando entre 30 e 38 por cento . Uma UBS teve melhora de 11 por cento , enquanto as demais avançaram entre 4 e 5 por cento . A taxa de geração de resíduos comuns/atendimento nas quatro UBS variou de 0,02 a 0,17kg e de resíduos infectantes/atendimento de 0,02 a 0,06kg. Novo indicador de geração foi proposto: taxa de geração de resíduos infectantes por procedimento em áreas críticas, que variou de 0,05 a 0,12kg. A ferramenta de avaliação proposta mostrou-se de fácil aplicação, gerou resultados consistentes e comparáveis e facilitou a elaboração e monitoramento do PGRSS. O marco legal-regulatório, a ferramenta, o PGRSS e o apoio técnico não foram suficientes para aprimorar o gerenciamento dos RSS nas UBS estudadas. Foram identificados como determinantes essenciais para alavancar o desempenho da gestão dos RSS em unidades de atenção básica à saúde: vontade politica e tomada de decisão, recursos humanos e econômicos, informação, capacitação e maior integração entre as atores envolvidos.O estudo avaliou o desempenho do gerenciamento dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) em quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do Município de São Paulo, Brasil. Foi desenvolvida ferramenta para caracterizar as unidades quanto ao sistema gerencial, identificar e quantificar os resíduos gerados e levantar o grau de atendimento ao marco legalregulatório vigente. Com apoio desta ferramenta, foram realizadas duas avaliações da situação do gerenciamento dos RSS, em cada UBS: uma prévia (fev./2011) e outra, pós-intervenção (fev./2012). A avaliação prévia permitiu elaboração de um Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (PGRSS) específico para cada UBS, cuja implantação foi acompanhada com intervenção, durante um ano. Na situação prévia, apenas 26 a 30 por cento das regulamentações/normas vigentes eram atendidas pelas UBS, devido à ausência de processos gerenciais sustentáveis e déficit de cuidados básicos quanto à segurança do trabalhador e usuários. Após a intervenção houve pequena melhora, ficando entre 30 e 38 por cento . Uma UBS teve melhora de 11 por cento , enquanto as demais avançaram entre 4 e 5 por cento . A taxa de geração de resíduos comuns/atendimento nas quatro UBS variou de 0,02 a 0,17kg e de resíduos infectantes/atendimento de 0,02 a 0,06kg. Novo indicador de geração foi proposto: taxa de geração de resíduos infectantes por procedimento em áreas críticas, que variou de 0,05 a 0,12kg. A ferramenta de avaliação proposta mostrou-se de fácil aplicação, gerou resultados consistentes e comparáveis e facilitou a elaboração e monitoramento do PGRSS. O marco legal-regulatório, a ferramenta, o PGRSS e o apoio técnico não foram suficientes para aprimorar o gerenciamento dos RSS nas UBS estudadas. Foram identificados como determinantes essenciais para alavancar o desempenho da gestão dos RSS em unidades de atenção básica à saúde: vontade politica e tomada de decisão, recursos humanos e econômicos, informação, capacitação e maior integração entre as atores envolvidos.
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Hamilton, Patrick J. "Managing the Navy's infectious medical waste." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23720.
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Huang, Hui-Yan, and 黃揮原. "Combustion Efficacy of Medical Waste IncineratorI." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29664372054272962482.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
環境衛生研究所
87
ABSTRACT The Environmental Protection Administration, the Executive Yuan, began to enforce laws for the proper treatment of medical waste in 1990. No medical infectious has been allowed to be disposed in sanitary landfill since 1997. Faced with the lack of available landfills at any price, incineration of solid wastes has become the primary police of solid waste treatment, included infectious waste disposal. After one decade of effort from all associated parties, 36 incinerators are currently available at hospitals and other organizations for the disposal of medical wastes. With the lack of experience and technology of waste incineration, many medical waste incinerators of middle and small scales were not properly operated or not functioned to the conditions as originally designed. This study attempted to review literature on incineration theory and mechanism, to compile available data and information based on available regulations, literature and to develop a proper model incinerator for medical waste. By the basic combustion equations, a waste incineration model with essential parameters such as temperature and pressure can be established. This model also can establish relationships between flue gas composition, waste composition, heating values of waste, auxiliary fuel and excess air used. A laboratory scale medical waste incinerator was built to test the findings generated from the model. We have generated data using this model incinerator from 5 sets of experiments. In the experiments of gasoline combustion, it took about 1.5 sec between the mixing of gasoline and air, and the completion of gasoline combustion. At the completion of gasoline combustion, the temperature of the combustion chamber was 924℃. The results also showed that the best pyrolysis temperature of waste was about 620℃. The combustion conditions fulfill the existing regulation that requires a temperature of 1000℃ in the secondary combustion. And the optimal temperature for pyrolysis operating mode ( to avoid excess combustion ) in primary chamber should be designed at 750℃ after consider the heat loss caused by heat conduction from incinerator body and the heat carried out by ash. By simulating to the composition of the waste generated from two hospitals (hospital A and hospital B) and feeding in with proper amount of air to the incinerator by considering the heating value of waste and the auxiliary fuel we completed the experiment. The optimum temperature, residue oxygen and the content of fuel in the secondary combustion chamber were determined. And by the model generated, the energy loss due to the combustible content and the heat carried away due to the non-combustible content in waste were calculated. Energy balance, and the flue gas temperature from secondary combustion were thus obtained, and the function of incineration treatment was evaluated. This research has simulated the incineration treatment facility using a small-scale medical waste incinerator. The simulation was conducted by varying the combustion parameter and combustion procedures, and by measures the flue gas, main component composition, and temperature to calculate the destroying condition of hazard materials in combustion. This model can be used to improve the combustion condition for medical waste incineration, and to establish the optimal operation condition.
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Liow, Ming-Chu, and 廖明珠. "PAHs Emission from the Medical Waste Incinerator." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91036203735955977640.
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碩士國立成功大學
環境工程與科學系
85
A batch-type medical waste incinerator with one mechanical grate and on fixed grate was used to incinerate the infectious waste and pathological waste, respectively. The concentration and composition of 21 individual PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in the stack flue gas, the fly ash from ESP(electrostatic percipitator), the effluent from wet scrubber and the bottom ash were investigated. The stack flue gas samples were collected isokinetically by a PAH sampling system, while twenty one individual PAHs were primarily analyzed by the GC/MS. The distribution of PAHs emissions from mechanical grate and fixed grate were similar. The stack gas was found to have the majority of total PAHs emission (93%), while the distribution of total PAH mass discharged from the wet scrubber, the fly ash from ESP and the bottom ash were only 4.8%, 1.8% and 0.24%, respectively. The mean total- PAHs concentrations were 1290ug/Nm3 and 635ug/NM3 in the stack flue gas of mechanical grate and fixed grate, respectively. The majority (95%) of total PAHs concentration was contributed by the two and three rings PAHs(Nap, AcPy, Acp, Flu, PA and Ant). Among these 21 individual PAHs, Nap had the highest mean concentration. PAh mass distribution collected by the PAH sampling system were 96%, 2.9%, 0.28% and 0.38% for the gas phase, particle phase, water from cooling device and residual in the pipe, respectively. The removal efficiency of ESP for higher molecular weihgt PAHs (BaA, CHR, BbF, BaP RF, PER, IND, BbC and BghiP) averaged 26%, and that for low molecular weight PAHs (NaP, AcPy, Acp, Flu, PA and Ant) were below 5%.
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Klangsin, Pornwipa. "Medical waste treatment techniques used by hospitals in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36298.
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Providence, Tashana, and 克莉絲汀. "Medical Waste Management in St. Vincent and the Grenadines." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59032864219441586782.
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碩士國立中央大學
國際永續發展碩士在職專班
101
Medical Waste (MW) includes all of the waste that is generated by healthcare establishments, research facilities and laboratories. It negatively impacts both human health and the environment, when improperly managed. This thesis analyses the current Medical Waste Management (MWM) policy at a general hospital, four Rural Hospitals and Health Centres and eight Rural District Clinics in St. Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG), using a face-to-face interview. Its objectives are to understand the perception and attitude of staff and the general public towards MWM and employ a questionnaire survey and a self-completed questionnaire survey within its methodology, respectively. It seeks to explore their acceptance of the best treatment and disposal method and conducts a Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA) on the best selected treatment and disposal method for MWM. The face-to-face interview process was administered to the heads of healthcare facilities and to waste managers employed at these facilities. The results show that segregation practices at selected facilities, involve the use colour coded plastic bags system and sharps boxes. Pathological and Anatomical waste are buried in a deep burial pit or at close by cemeteries. And the infectious wastes after autoclaving, accompanied with non-infectious wastes are disposed of along with municipal solid waste at centralised Sanitary Landfills (SL’s). At the general hospital, a sanitary sewer is also used to discard laboratory free-flowing waste. Employees’ levels of concern towards MWM showed that 46% of the female respondents, 42% staff members and 100% doctors and heads of facilities had high concerns about MWM than other participants. The reason is that, most of the respondents are nurses. Doctors and nurses are more likely to be infected by viruses through direct contact with MW. The results also show that the younger generation despite educational levels, are aware of environmental issues and are concern about MWM. Persons with a higher level of education on the other hand, illustrate that they have a greater awareness of the health and environmental issues associated with MWM. The majority of the general public mentioned that their high levels of concern towards MWM are the fact that, they desire to gain knowledge about how to protect them when visiting healthcare facilities and how improper management of MW would affect the environment in which they live. The perception and attitude of the general public play an important role in determining public responses to MW, their demands for political change and increased attention to risk management institutions. In the exploration of the best treatment and disposal method for MW, participants preference of incineration illustrate 30% are from the general public and 42% are employees at healthcare facilities. Although both the general public and employees accepted incineration, the results of the MCA illustrate that Autoclave is the best method for MWM in SVG. Currently at Sanitary Landfills in SVG, Leachate Ponds are used to collect discharged leachate, which is normally allowed to evaporate and or slowly percolate into the ground. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on improving leachate management by installing surface aerators into already existing naturally aerobic ponds. The results show that capital investment and annual energy savings are the most sensitive parameters.
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Makhura, Ramadimetja Rosina. "Knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal in Mapulaneng Hospital in the Ehlanzeni District of South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1639.
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Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016.Background: Health care workers produce various types of waste in the course of rendering health care services. Each classification of waste must be disposed according to the prescribed guidelines. Improper disposal of waste may pose a danger to employees, patients and the environment. Health care workers must have adequate knowledge on disposal of medical waste. This study was therefore done to determine the knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal. Objectives: This study aims to determine the knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal at a hospital in the Mpumalanga Province in South Africa. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional research approach was used at a regional hospital for the Mpumalanga Province in the Bushbuckridge Municipality under the Ehlanzeni District. The study respondents included professional nurses, enrolled nurses, enrolled nursing assistants, medical doctors, dental health and allied health staff. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires analysed using International Business Management Statistical Package for Social Sciences 22 (IBM SPSS 22). Results: The results show that a high percentage of health care workers did not have adequate knowledge regarding disposal of medical waste but disposed medical waste appropriately. The results further show that knowledge and practice of health care workers had no association with age, gender and years of experience. There is an association between professional category and knowledge and practice of healthcare workers. Conclusion: Disposal of medical waste is the responsibility of all health care workers. There should be regular training of all categories of health care workers to improve their knowledge on disposal of medical waste and minimise the risks associated with improper waste management. This will further increase compliance with the guidelines of disposal of medical waste. Key words: Health care workers, medical waste, knowledge, practice, disposal
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Cesarotti, Dennis. "Comprehensive assessment of the recycling potentials for the waste streams of small quantity generators." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48049641.html.
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Shih, Wen-chieh, and 施文傑. "A Fuzzy Nonlinear Programming Approach for Medical Waste Treatment Management." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17011403840997251131.
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碩士雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所碩士班
96
The major reason that causes internal infection in many hospitals is that the employees inside do not handle the medical waste properly or that they neglect the importance of the whole medical-waste-treatment procedure. Such a reason has caused a large number of damages. According to the statistics done by the Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan, Taiwan, the quantity of domestic medical waste handling has been enough to be accepted by the market. But why there are still events that happen as law violation? Poor management, inapplicable equipment and local legal restrictions are probably the reasons that lead the medical waste to become dangerous for the environmental pollution and the spreading of germs and viruses. By the concept of traditional logistics, it is effective to control medical waste treatment and reduce environmental impact, thus avoiding the related organizations to deal with medical waste in the cheapest but law-violated way. Quite a few of factors must be considered in the process of medical waste treatment, such as all kinds of environmental law restrictions, the quality of medical waste treatment process, whether the transportation and clean-up can be organized to cooperate with the characteristics of medical waste, and the employee’s ability to deal with all kinds of situations. All of the above factors will affect the process of medical waste treatment. After the combination of uncertain factors, this research developed a fuzzy non-linear programming, and applied it to the policy making of medical waste treatment, expecting to achieve a safe treatment mode with the minimum cost. This research thus developed an integrated fuzzy non-linear programming mode for the policy making of medical waste treatment. Besides, it applied the simulated annealing algorithm for solve mode to propose the medical waste treatment policy organized by fuzzy non-linear programming mode in respect of the above-mentioned factors, and to solve the problems happening during the medical waste treatment. Keyword: medical waste, reverse logistics, fuzzy non-linear programming, simulated annealing algorithm
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Thopola, Thamaga Hilda. "Evaluation of medical waste management in Ekurhuleni metropolitan municipality clinics." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/7539.
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MPH (Occupational Hygiene), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009The study of medical waste management practices in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality clinics in South Africa took place in the absence of the relevant parliamentary law governing such waste, but governed by the final published Gauteng Health Care Waste Management Regulations 3003 of 2003. In accordance with the Gauteng Health Care Waste Management Regulations 303 of 2003, Medical Waste Management Practices are such that where medical waste is generated, it should be segregated at the point of generation, be properly containerised, labelled, stored, treated and finally be disposed of. The researcher studied 29 out of 112 clinics in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality on whether medical waste management practices in these clinics comply with the Gauteng Health Care Waste Management Regulations 3003 of 2003. The study also intended to help practising and managing nurses to reduce occupational health risks, while further increasing the safety of clinic service users from unforeseen infections by communicable diseases. Materials and methods The study followed a cross-sectional descriptive survey method wherein data acquisition was by means of interviewing clinic managers with regard to medical waste management iii practices in their clinics using a structured questionnaire; and by observations of medical waste management practices through a walkthrough survey checklist. The study sample composed of 30 clinics selected from a total of 112 clinics, where a total population of 7 maternity and 23 day clinics were included through random selection. A response rate of 29 out of 30 clinics selected was obtained. The interview questionnaire consisted of six dimensions of measurement of medical waste management practices, while the walkthrough survey checklist consisted of twenty six items measuring medical waste management practices. Both were developed in line with the stipulations of the Gauteng Health Care Waste Management Regulations 3003 of 2003. A pilot study was conducted to further refine the contents of the above two measuring tools. The study setting comprised individual sections of each clinic such as primary health care, maternity, HIV/AIDS, mental health, antenatal care, family planning and the communicable diseases section, wherein a nurse is assigned per shift to examine patients and to administer injections and medicines. Observations were done on all medical waste management practices in the examination rooms of all sections of the clinics in order to carefully record both negative and positive practices. Such observations made followed the required medical waste management process as per the Gauteng Health Care Waste Management Regulations 3003 of 2003. iv Results The operations of Ekurhuleni municipal clinics revealed a 67 percent (4 out of 6 required documentation) non-existence of the required documentations, predominantly in the areas of medical waste policy; written safe work procedures; a training programme; and conducting of risk assessments. Specifically, The majority (65.5%) of clinics in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality have no medical waste management policy. The majority (69%) of clinics in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality have no safe work procedures. The majority (93%) of clinics in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality have no waste management training programme. The majority (69%) of clinics in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality do not conduct risk assessment for their operations. Of the 26 medical waste management practices observed, positive medical waste management practices were observed in 46 percent of the observations compared to 50 percent of negative observations, made in operating conditions of clinics. Discussion The findings of the study revealed a high degree of non-compliance of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality with the Gauteng Health Care Waste Management Regulations v 3003 of 2003 with regard to the required documents and the acceptable observed practices. Conclusions Medical waste management training in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality does not happen due to both the lack of policy documents and budgetary problems. Health care workers are exposed to both ergonomic and biological hazards due to a lack of proper medical waste storage, storage signage and incorrect handling of medical waste. No medical waste management audits and risk assessments are conducted in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality clinics. Non accountability over disposal of medical waste may promote illegal dumping of medical waste generated from Ekurhuleni municipal clinics. Recommendations Managers of clinics in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality need to be informed of the stipulations of Gauteng Health Care Waste Management Regulations 3003 of 2003. Based on the developed policies, clinic managers need to develop medical waste management training programmes wherein the stipulations of Gauteng Health Care Waste Management Regulations 3003 of 2003 will be incorporated. Designated medical waste management storage facilities to be provided for all Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality clinics. vi Clinic management and appointed medical waste management officers to ensure that medical waste management audits and risk assessments are conducted and that corrective measures are implemented in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality clinics.
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Sun, Shu Rong, and 孫淑蓉. "Survey on the medical waste treatment modality and relative physical properties at Taiwan provincial medical facilities." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01381975558924705347.
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Olaniyi, Foluke Comfort. "Development of Intervention Strategies for Management of Medical Waste in Vhembe District, South Africa." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1515.
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PhD (Public Health)Department of Public Health
Medical waste is a special type of hazardous waste generated from healthcare facilities. Mismanagement of this waste has a negative impact on healthcare workers, patients and their relatives, medical waste handlers and the community. South Africa, like many other developing countries, is resource-constrained in the management of medical waste and poor practices have been reported across the country, especially in the urban health facilities that have received more attention from researchers. This study was conducted to explore the practices and challenges of medical waste management in Vhembe District, a largely rural district in Limpopo province and develop intervention strategies for better management of the waste in the District. A convergent parallel approach of mixed method design was adopted to achieve the objectives of this study. The target population included the main stakeholders of medical waste management in the district: the Department of Health, healthcare facilities and the waste management company responsible for the treatment and disposal of medical waste in Limpopo Province. The study population from the Department of Health included representatives from the medical waste management section while the waste management company was represented by the manager of the company in Limpopo Province. The samples for the healthcare facilities were drawn from fifteen randomly selected healthcare facilities in the district and included the administrative heads, medical waste generators and medical waste handlers. The study was conducted in three phases. Phase 1 was a qualitative study during which the administrative heads of the selected healthcare facilities, personnel directly involved in medical waste management at the healthcare facilities as well as the representatives from the Department of Health and waste management company were engaged in in-depth interviews. This phase also involved voice recording, observations, field documentation and taking of relevant pictures. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data obtained. During phase 2 (quantitative study), a semi-structured questionnaire was employed for data collection from medical waste generators and handlers at the healthcare facilities. A total of 229 questionnaires were retrieved from the participants and were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed; Chi-square and Cramer’s V tests were used to determine the associations between dependent and independent variables, as well as the strength of association where significant relationships exist. Statistical significant level was set at p<0.05 and the results are presented in tables and graphs. The results from both phases were interpreted and discussed simultaneously. Respondents and participants were assured of anonymity of their identities and confidentiality of the information they provided. They were given adequate information about the study and only those who volunteered participated in the study after appending their signatures on the informed consent form. In phase 3, the Medical Research Council Framework was used to develop intervention strategies for improved medical waste management in Vhembe District based on the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) and Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal (PESTEL) analysis techniques. The study revealed inefficient practices of medical waste management in all the healthcare facilities. Rate of medical waste generation was 338.15kg/day, 19.2kg/day and 15.5kg/day of HCRW from the hospitals, community health centers and clinics respectively. Segregation practices were poor, and only 28.4% of respondents rated their healthcare institutions as being excellent with medical waste segregation. The type of occupation was found to be significantly associated with exposure to training (p=0.000) and the level of knowledge about medical waste management (p=0.000). Also, the use of personal protective equipment was found to be significantly associated with training (p=0.011). Transportation and temporary storage were not done according to the recommendation in the guidelines and incineration was the main means of treatment of the waste. The final product of waste treatment is being disposed into an hazardous waste landfill. The challenges encountered in the process of managing medical waste include lack of adequate funding and budget for medical waste management, ineffective and irregular training of healthcare workers, non-compliance to medical waste management guidelines, insufficient bins, substandard central storage rooms, insufficient personal protective equipment and unavailability of Hepatitis B vaccine. The strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of medical waste management in Vhembe District were analyzed and specific intervention strategies were developed to improve on the strength, minimize the weakness, take advantage of the opportunity and combat the threats. The developed strategies were validated. This study provides the evidences of poor management of medical waste in Vhembe District, and shows the need for urgent intervention measures to be put in place. We therefore recommend that the intervention strategies proposed here be evaluated and implemented to mitigate the untoward effects of poor medical waste management among healthcare workers and the community as a whole.
NRF
50
Ta-Chien, Cheng, and 鄭大千. "The Composition Analysis Model of Products about Analytic Medical Waste Combustion." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26961588449197910277.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
機械系
88
We discuss mainly the combustion of Analytic Medical Waste in this article. We had to find out the characteristics of combustion reactions and flow field in incinerator where waste was inside. And different operation conditions would lead to different gas product composition. Finally we hoped to build the theoretical analysis model. While disposing Medical Waste, the flammable part will burn and pyrolyse, and finally achieve reaction equilibrium and chemical equilibrium. Especially dealing with the element " " of Analytic Waste properly, we can't deal it with only one chamber. It's better to deal it with two chambers - waste will pyrolyse in 1st chamber, and burn completely in 2nd chamber, in order to remove and destroy the pollution sources of hazardous gas products. The waste pyrolyse in 1st chamber first. Then we add proper quantity of fuel and gas in order to make perfect nebulization and mixture. Finally the flammable part of pyrolysis gas products will burn completely, and we can achieve the goal of removing and destroying and reducing pollution sources of hazardous gas products. Thus, the model and mechanism about how to achieve the better conditions and environment of pyrolysis in 1st chamber is the focus that we want to reduce the pollution sources of hazardous gas products. We depended on the two major equations - Mass Conservation and Energy Conservation. Considering different kind of composition of waste in incinerator, we analysed the models of chemical reaction and chemical equilibrium in order to build combustion analysis model. Because of high temperature and complex chemical reactions and products in any kind of flow field, we also made a closed chamber to experiment to compare the relationship between combustion reactions and pyrolysis with theoretical model. Further, we built the relationship between composition of gas products and operating conditions.