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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical waste'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Keene, John H. "Medical Waste: A Minimal Hazard." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 12, no. 11 (November 1991): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646266.

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Healthcare providers need to be aware of the facts regarding the environmental impact of regulated medical wastes and be prepared to voice concern over unnecessary and costly regulations. The wash-ups of waste, a small percentage of which was medical waste, on the beaches on New York and New Jersey in the summers of 1987 and 1988 prompted an immediate response by state and federal governments. Although it was demonstrated that this medical waste did not originate in healthcare facilities,' the public demanded that their elected representatives do something about what they perceived to be the degradation of the environment and a risk to public health caused by “uncontrolled dumping” of “medical wastes” into the ocean. As a result of these and other occurrences, several environmental concerns regarding the treatment and disposal of medical waste were voiced by the public and acknowledged by the legislators. These included the following: aesthetic damage to the environment; potential public health problems associated with infectious agents in medical waste; and potential environmental contamination with hazardous chemicals and radioactivity associated with medical wastes.

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2

Crossingham, James. "Medical waste." British Journal of General Practice 59, no. 563 (June 1, 2009): 451.1–451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp09x421021.

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3

Rutala, William A., and C. Glen Mayhall. "Medical Waste." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30146966.

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4

Belkin, Nathan L. "Medical Waste." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 13, no. 2 (February 1992): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30147063.

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5

Birnbaum, David, Stephen A. Streed, Louise P. Jetté, and Stephen Lapierre. "Medical Waste." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 14, no. 1 (January 1993): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30146502.

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6

Rutala, William A., and C. Glen Mayhall. "Medical Waste." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 13, no. 1 (January 1992): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646421.

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7

Belkin, Nathan L. "Medical Waste." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 13, no. 2 (February 1992): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646475.

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8

Birnbaum, David, Stephen A. Streed, Louise P. Jetté, and Stephen Lapierre. "Medical Waste." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 14, no. 1 (January 1993): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646619.

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9

Makous, Monte. "Medical waste." Lancet 359, no. 9316 (April 2002): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08460-x.

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10

Fay, Margaret F., William C. Beck, James Michael Fay, and Mary Kay Kessinger. "Medical Waste." AORN Journal 51, no. 6 (June 1990): 1493–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)66899-9.

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11

Shashi kant and Neeraj Sharma. "Bio medical waste management in Jammu city." Environment Conservation Journal 4, no. 1-3 (December 22, 2003): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2003.0412314.

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Ironically waste was not a problem for the society when man was primitive and uncivilized. The proliferation of modern concept of consumerism supplemented with culture of disposables has aggravated the waste problem. These biomedical wastes along with the municipal wastes commonly exceed the carrying capacity of biosphere to reabsorb and recycle. The present paper deals with the status of Bio medical waste management in Jammu city. 42 government and private health institutions have been identified which generate about 3917 kg/day @ 1.52 Kg/bed/day contributing 26% to the municipal solid waste. The paper seeks to demonstrate the waste collection, segregation, treatment and disposal of the wastes in the otherwise unplanned city of temples.

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12

Lin Lee, Chen. "Optimal Solutions to Reduce Medical Waste." International Journal of Modeling and Optimization 4, no. 5 (October 2014): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmo.2014.v4.410.

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13

Singh, Ajay, Bhaskar Agarwal, Srishti Agarwal, and Abhinav Shekhar. "Bio Medical Waste And Dentistry." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 5, no. 3 (2011): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-5-3-153.

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ABSTRACT This article provides dentists with the information they need to properly dispose of mercury and amalgam waste, and provides suggestions for managing the other wastes that result from the day-to-day activities of a dental office such as used X-ray fixers and developers; cleaners for X-ray developer systems; lead foils, shields and aprons; chemiclave/chemical sterilant solutions; disinfectants, cleaners, and other chemicals; and, general office waste.

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14

Sakalova, Halyna, Olena Khodanitska, and Liliya Dzikhovska. "Problems of disinfection and processing of medical waste." Personality and environmental issues 1 (January 13, 2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2786-6033-2022-1(1)-32-37.

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The article provides an analysis of medical waste management in Ukraine. As medical waste is hazardous, it partially reflects the handling of dangerous waste components, such as chemicals used in medicine, heavy metals wastes, and other separately collected waste components. Particular attention should be paid to medical waste because it can be not only a source of infectious but also toxic pollution. It can also contain very high concentrations of toxic compounds (cytostatics, antibiotics, and other drugs) and radioactive substances, which have a negative impact on human health and the environment. The amount of drugs and products of their metabolism that pollute the planet's water resources is increasing all over the world. That is why the problem of hazardous medical waste management in Ukraine needs to be solved. We have carried out monitoring of medical waste, effective methods of disposal, and storage of waste within the dental medical center. The classification of pharmaceutical and medical wastes and ways of reducing the environmental impact of medical wastes are researched. Biological waste, dressing material, polymer waste, metal, glass, chemical waste, mercury, X-ray film, paper, rubber, plaster casts, household waste were found among the medical waste of the dental clinic. The largest group of waste by weight in morphological composition are polymers (syringes, gloves, saliva ejector, etc.). Hygienic and ecological assessment of waste disinfection methods is presented and relevant recommendations are provided. The higher efficiency of autoclaving in comparison with chemical disinfection of medical waste according to certain regulatory parameters is proved. Because the chemical disinfection does not guarantee the complete destruction of the infectious agent, it is recommended only as a temporary method of waste disinfecting with the following packaging and labeling for special disinfection.

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15

Liang, Qin. "Review and Research on Medical Waste Recycling Network." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (March 26, 2024): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/y080v252.

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The mass production of medical wastes has tested the safety of urban public health, and the recovery and disposal of medical wastes is imminent. Under various environmental backgrounds, such as the sudden increase in the number of medical wastes, the late start of the medical waste recycling industry in China, the low disposal rate, and the improper treatment of medical wastes affecting the environment and personal safety, medical wastes should be managed in a timely and standardized manner, and effective strategies should be put forward to minimize the environmental pollution caused by medical wastes. Therefore, in recent years, this paper studies the optimization of medical waste recycling network and summarizes the current research status of medical waste recycling network in academic circles.

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16

Sutrisno, Hendri, and Fitriana Meilasari. "Review: Medical Waste Management for Covid19." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 12, no. 1si (September 30, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.104-120.

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Introduction: Medical waste generation during the Covid19 pandemic increased by around 30%. Sources of medical waste generation are health care activities. If medical waste is not appropriately managed, it can pollute the environment and disturb health. The purpose of the review is to identify the potential of medical waste in health-care facilities in Indonesia when the Covid19 pandemic and to review medical waste management in Indonesia. The analysis uses a systematic literature review. Discussion: The potential of medical waste during the Covid19 epidemic is infectious waste (PPE wastes), sharps waste (syringes), chemical waste (expired medicines), and pharmaceutical waste (the used alcohol bottles when rapid tests). The hazardous waste management system refers to Government Regulation No. 101 year 2014 about Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste and and Regulation of Minister of Environment and Forestry of Republic Indonesia No. P.56/MenlhkSetjen/2015 about Procedures and Technical Requirements for Waste Management Hazardous and Toxic From the Health Service Facilities. Infectious waste, sharps waste, chemical waste, and pharmaceutical waste are destroyed with incinerators. Syringe residues were damaged with a needle shredder. Residue and incineration ashes are processed using solidification. If the heavy metal content under the quality standards, then the waste can be landfill. Conclusion: The potential of medical waste during the Covid19 pandemic is infectious waste, sharps waste, chemical waste, and pharmaceutical waste. Medical waste generated must be appropriately managed. Proper medical waste management can prevent environmental pollution and the spread of disease. One of the processing of potential medical waste is incineration. The incineration system produces residue and ash waste that must further be handled so that it does not pollute the environment and disturb health.

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17

Yustina, Endang Wahyati. "ASPEK HUKUM PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH MEDIS PADA FASILITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN." Jurnal Paradigma Hukum Pembangunan 6, no. 1 (July 16, 2021): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/paradigma.v6i1.2585.

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Hazardous and Toxic Waste/ (Hazardous and Toxic Materials) is the residue of a business and/or activity containing hazardous and toxic materials (B3). One of the B3 wastes is medical waste, which is an infectious waste generated from activities at health care facilities, in the form of solid or liquid waste. These medical wastes are generated from activities such as hospitals, community health centres, independent practice places, clinics, etc. Amenities. Medical waste is an infectious object or item that must be properly managed, starting from the time of collection, transportation, to the destruction process. Therefore, it is necessary to have legally binding regulations related to waste and its management. This research is descriptive in nature which will produce a regulatory description of B3 waste management, particularly medical waste with the protection of environmental health rights. The research approach used normative legal approach. The data collected is in the form of secondary data, while the method of analysis used is qualitative analysis methods. The results showed that the more human activity increased, the more waste was generated. Medical waste is one of the B3 wastes. Medical waste is waste that is directly generated from the diagnosis and medical treatment of patients in health care facilities, such as in polyclinic, nursing, surgical, obstetrics, autopsy and laboratory rooms. To avoid environmental risks, medical waste management must be carried out properly. Various laws and regulations for the management of B3 waste have been enacted, including Government Regulation No. 19/1994 (PP 19/1994) concerning Management of Hazardous and Toxic Wastes up to PP 101/2014. The provisions regarding B3 waste management are based on Law Number 32 the Year 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (UUPLH). However, related to medical waste, it still needs to be synchronized with the regulations in Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health. Regulations on medical waste management aim to protect environmental health. Medical waste management can prevent environmental pollution and prevent disease transmission (infection) and prevent waste misuse.

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18

Fisher, Brandy E. "Dissolving Medical Waste." Environmental Health Perspectives 104, no. 7 (July 1996): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3433215.

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19

Krivokuća, Milan. "Medical waste management." Serbian Journal of Engineering Management 6, no. 1 (2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjem2101030k.

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Medical waste management is of great importance for people and the environment. Irresponsible management and classification of medical waste can lead to environmental hazards and cause health risks to both employees and patients. Traditional waste disposal on landfills are the most common form of waste disposal in our country, although the authors see the most efficient incineration solution as a more appropriate method or an integrated method of hierarchical management from the generation stage to waste treatment, which brings economic advantage and risk reduction potential damages. In order to live in harmony with the environment, the problem of waste disposal must be recognized as one of the important tasks of all structures involved in its creation and disposal.

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20

Fisher, B. E. "Dissolving medical waste." Environmental Health Perspectives 104, no. 7 (July 1996): 708–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.96104708.

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21

Anderson, Leigh G. "Medical Waste Management." Plastic Surgical Nursing 12, no. 1 (1992): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006527-199201210-00003.

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22

Shiffman, Melvin A. "Medical Waste Regulations." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 16, no. 4 (December 1999): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689901600408.

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23

Lee, C., George Huffman, and Richard Nalesnik. "Medical waste management." Environmental Science & Technology 25, no. 3 (March 1991): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00015a607.

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24

Medical Waste Committee (WT-3). "Medical Waste Disposal." Air & Waste 44, no. 10 (October 1994): 1176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1994.10467311.

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25

Conrardy, Julie, Mary Hillanbrand, Sandra Myers, and George F. Nussbaum. "Reducing Medical Waste." AORN Journal 91, no. 6 (June 2010): 711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2009.12.029.

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26

Sherman, Warren. "Reducing Medical Waste." JAMA 297, no. 23 (June 20, 2007): 2583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.23.2583-b.

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27

Hosseinzadeh, Ali, Mir Amir Mohammad Reshadi, Morteza Nazaripour, and Masomeh Rezaei. "Medical Waste Management in Private Hospitals in Tehran." Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research 11, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jaehr.1274.

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Background: Solid waste management is one of the important aspects of the hospital management. Methods: In this study, we examined the quantity and composition of medical solid waste in eight private hospitals in Tehran. For this purpose, a checklist was used through interviews with hospital waste management staff as well as collecting information on hospital waste generation. The annual average of obtained data was analyzed in this study. Results: The results indicated that the private hospitals under study generated solid waste ranging from 24 to 1091 kg/day. The average medical waste generation in the studied privative hospitals was 4 kg/bed/day equal to 5.09 kg/patient/day. Common waste accounted for 70.73% of total hospital solid waste, while infectious and sharp waste accounted for 31.04% of the hospital solid waste. Infectious wastes were disinfected using autoclave in all hospitals. Conclusion: Segregation of infectious waste from hospital waste mass reduces the environmental and health risk of hospital waste and reduces the cost of waste management in private hospitals.

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Giakoumakis, Georgios, Dorothea Politi, and Dimitrios Sidiras. "Medical Waste Treatment Technologies for Energy, Fuels, and Materials Production: A Review." Energies 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 8065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238065.

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The importance of medical waste management has grown during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the increase in medical waste quantity and the significant dangers of these highly infected wastes for human health and the environment. This innovative review focuses on the possibility of materials, gas/liquid/solid fuels, thermal energy, and electric power production from medical waste fractions. Appropriate and promising treatment/disposal technologies, such as (i) acid hydrolysis, (ii) acid/enzymatic hydrolysis, (iii) anaerobic digestion, (vi) autoclaving, (v) enzymatic oxidation, (vi) hydrothermal carbonization/treatment, (vii) incineration/steam heat recovery system, (viii) pyrolysis/Rankine cycle, (ix) rotary kiln treatment, (x) microwave/steam sterilization, (xi) plasma gasification/melting, (xii) sulfonation, (xiii) batch reactor thermal cracking, and (xiv) torrefaction, were investigated. The medical waste generation data were collected according to numerous researchers from various countries, and divided into gross medical waste and hazardous medical waste. Moreover, the medical wastes were separated into categories and types according to the international literature and the medical waste fractions’ percentages were estimated. The capability of the examined medical waste treatment technologies to produce energy, fuels, and materials, and eliminate the medical waste management problem, was very promising with regard to the near future.

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Hosseinzadeh, Ali, Saeid Gitipour, Maryam Pazoki, Mir Amir Mohammad Reshadi, Morteza Nazaripour, and Masomeh Rezaei. "Management of Medical Wastes in Public Hospitals: A Case Study." Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jaehr.10.4.1269.

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Background: Medical wastes are one of the health and environmental challenges across the globe. Also, hospitals are one of the most important medical waste generators. Methods: In this study, the quantity and composition of solid wastes generated in 10 public hospitals in the city of Tehran were investigated. Medical wastes were classified into four groups and the one-year average was considered. Results: The results showed that the range of waste generation in public hospitals was from 107.5 to 2508 kg/day. Considering account hospital beds, the production of medical wastes in public hospitals was 3.53 kg/bed/day. Moreover, 67.45% of medical wastes in the hospitals studied included common wastes, but infectious and sharp wastes accounted for 31.65% of the medical wastes. Besides, chemical and pharmacy wastes accounted for an average of 0.8% of the medical wastes. Conclusion: Due to the importance of medical waste management, it is necessary to pay more attention to segregation and reduce the proportion of infectious wastes in the hospital studied.

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30

Munir, Sobia, Syeda Adila Batool, and Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry. "Characterization of hospital waste in Lahore, Pakistan." Chinese Medical Journal 127, no. 9 (May 5, 2014): 1732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20132088.

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Background It is a common practice in developing countries that medical/infectious waste openly dumped with municipal solid waste. This paper presented a generation and characterization study of hospital waste. Determination of the waste composition is a basic step for selecting the most efficient treatment method of hospital waste. Methods Stratified random sampling was used to collect the samples of general as well as medical wastes for seven days. Medical waste was sorted into 10 categories whereas general waste was classified into 11 categories. Incineration was observed thoroughly for observing flaws in the incineration process. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 16.0. Results The studied hospital produced an average 297 kilograms of medical waste daily and it comprises plastics (71.0%), glass (13.9%), papers etc. (3.8%), cotton/dressings (5.7%), masks/gloves/sheets (0.3%) diapers (0.4%), wasted machines used in operation theaters (2.0%) and blades (0.1%). Laboratories, cancer ward, nursery ward, OPD and emergency ward are the largest infectious waste producing departments in the hospital. The hospital produced an average 3 511 kilograms of general waste daily in which organics constitute (44.3%), diapers etc. (42.8%), demolition materials (3.7%), plastic waste mixing medical plastic waste (2.5%), miscellaneous (2.14%), cloth/clothes (1.6%), cardboard (1.3%), papers (0.8%), cotton dressings (0.28%), glass (0.27%) and iron materials (0.18%). Other alarming facts are: medical waste is recycled in study area, after incineration of hospital waste, ash simply dumped in the premises of the hospital without any liner system. Conclusions The studied hospital produces 10% of infectious waste and 90% of general waste. The largest components of the infectious waste are plastic and glass. Organics and diapers are major components of the general waste coming from different sites of the hospital. Lack of training, inadequate knowledge regarding to the composition of the infectious waste and risks associated with the waste are the major issues which must be addressed and resolved.

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Jeba, Jafrin Sultana, and Md Mujibor Rahman. "Medical waste management in Khulna City Corporation, Bangladesh." National Geographical Journal of India 66, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 306–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48008/ngji.1750.

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Management of medical waste or Clinical Solid Waste (CSW) is a major challenge for developing world and poor countries. In a developing country like Bangladesh, poor and inappropriate handling of medical waste continuously increases health risks, as well as environmental risks thus treatment and management of Health-Care Waste (HCW), are important here. This study reviews the current situation of medical waste management (MWM) and practices in Khulna City Corporation, Bangladesh, and examines possible solutions for further study. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used in this study. The study was conducted in 30 HCEs (Health Care Establishments) within Khulna City Corporation. The Result of the study unveiled an unsatisfactory management system in the surveyed HCEs. The entire city corporation's waste management is looked after through a public-private partnership between City Corporation and Prodipan (NGOs). Everyday 3509kg wastes are generated from HCEs within the City Corporation. Only 28% of the waste handling process related personnel claimed that they got training, none of these HCEs has their waste transportation (off-site transportation) facilities and for waste management, they entirely depend on City Corporation and Prodipan. For waste management, absence necessary plan and monitoring team makes it more difficult, only 33% of the surveyed HCEs showed their satisfaction for their manpower in this sector. Only 3.3% Health-Care Establishments (HCEs) have claimed that they have their distinguished treatment facilities for specific non-hazardous wastes. Insufficient collection and storage facilities, inadequate transportation and disposal facilities. The funding also demonstrates that segregation practices were not satisfactory in public and small HCEs. Arrangement of training and awareness program, appropriate plan, skilled staffs, proper storage facilities, regular monitoring are recommended to achieve an efficient medical waste management system.

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32

Silalahi, Siska Amonalisa. "Rute Distribusi Limbah Medis Covid19 dengan VRPTW dan Nearest Neighbor." Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG) 8, no. 3 (August 30, 2022): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v8i3.434.

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Medical waste classified as hazardous and toxic (B3). Medical waste cannot be compared to household waste, its needs specific treatment. According to several newspapers, there is a lot of medical waste which handling mixed with household waste. In Surabaya, the number of medical wastes in 2019 reached 8 tons per day, this number certain to increase exponentially in the current Covid19 pandemic. It is important to manage well the medical waste of Covid19. To support the medical waste management of Covid19, it is necessary to design distribution route for Covid19 medical waste. The design of distribution route for Covid19 medical waste will use the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window (VRPTW) method and the Nearest Neighbor (NN) algorithm. The design of distribution route aims to obtain an optimal route that can minimize the distribution cost of Covid19 medical waste.

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33

Sharma, B. S., and A. Khajuria. "Assesment of bio-medical waste generated in Government hospitals, Agra city (India)." Environment Conservation Journal 9, no. 3 (December 18, 2008): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2008.090319.

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Bio-medical wastes include anatomical, pathological and clinical infectious/ hazardous organic and inorganic wastes. These wastes are disposed off in unscientifically manner. The study has been conducted in the government healthcare establishment only to reveal the per day waste generation on each patient, present mode of waste management within the units bed our suggestions which has helped the units to improve their waste management practices, in the city of Agra.

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34

Dewi, Oktavia, Sukendi Sukendi, Yusni Ikhwan Siregar, and Elda Nazriati. "Analisis Limbah Medis Layanan Kesehatan Gigi Mandiri dan Potensi Pencemarannya di Kota Pekanbaru." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 6, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.6.1.p.14-19.

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Healthcare development contributing positive outcome on public health status, but on the other side, medical waste existence become a troublesome as long as increased medical healthcare quantity particularly private dental healthcare. The amount of improperly managed medical wastes become accumulated and causing widespread pollution. The roblem of this study is improperly managed medical waste getting more increased causing widespread pollution. Even though 15-25 % of this contamination were categorized as hazardous waste, the risk is much greater. The purpose of this study was to analyze the number and types of private healthcare medical waste and its potential pollution. This study used descriptive qualitative with interviews and observations after conducting a survey of calculating the number and identification of medical waste types produced by private dental healthcare in Pekanbaru. The results showed 69% of infectious, 27% toxic, and 4% radioactive wastes. The presence of this medical waste has the potential to polluting water and soil environment, triggering health problems for health workers and high risk communities, and disrupting social and economic aspects of residents at nearby waste disposal. It is recommended that private dental healthcare to reduce generated medical wastes and to use safe and eco-friendly materials and tools for dental and oral care.

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35

Khamitova, G. M., and A. I. Khabirov. "Legal regulation of medical waste disposal in foreign law." Journal of Law and Administration 17, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2021-2-59-53-60.

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Introduction. The article considers international and national experience in legal regulation of medical waste disposal. The special attention is given to foreign experience and possibility of application and perfection of the legislation on medical waste recycling in the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Realization of research tasks has been reached on the basis of studying theoretical and practical experience of foreign countries concerning regulation of medical waste utilization. The study is based on the method of analysis of the current regulatory and legal framework in the Russian Federation, the practice of applying the legislation by judicial and other competent authorities and existing European (world) standards for the purposes of legal unification. Study results. In the article experience of the foreign countries concerning legal regulation of medical waste recycling, presented in the works of foreign and domestic researchers, the legislation of foreign countries is considered; the analysis of the sources regulating recycling of medical waste is conducted; various concepts of classifications of medical waste are revealed.Discussion and conclusions. The study showed that polymorphism of medical waste is both an epidemiological and environmental hazard. The problem is compounded by the potential hazards that arise from contact with these wastes, such as toxicity, radioactivity and infection. This is why environmental and environmental legislation is of particular importance, along with health and sanitary legislation. These legal norms should be taken into account by medical institutions when developing procedures for handling hospital waste. On the basis of the above-stated it seems expedient to study the experience of developed countries, in particular of the USA and the European states, concerning legal regulation of utilization of medical wastes as the problem of safe handling of medical wastes is important for each subject of the Russian Federation.

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36

MATSUSHIMA, Hajime. "Recent Trend in Medical Wastes. Management of Medical Waste in Large Scale Medical Institutions." Waste Management Research 7, no. 1 (1996): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.7.30.

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37

Alwabr, Gawad M. A., Ahmed S. Al-Mikhlafi, Saif A. Al-Hakimi, and Munira A. Dughish. "Determination of medical waste composition in hospitals of Sana'a city, Yemen." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 20, no. 2 (July 25, 2016): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i2.15.

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The composition analysis of medical waste is generally considered to be the fundamental information for the most basic steps in the development of a plan for solid hospitals waste management. The objectives of this study were to determine the quantity, generation rate, and the physical composition of medical waste generated in hospitals of Sana'a city, Yemen. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the composition of hospital wastes generated in four governmental hospitals in Sana'a City. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of the hospitals, which included (Al-Thawra, Al-Kuwait, Republic, and Military). Results of this study showed that the daily average of the waste generated from the studied hospitals was 5615 kg/day. Approximately 26% of the total waste was hazardous (infectious, pathological, and chemical wastes). While 74% was a general (non-hazardous) waste. The average rate of the total waste generation was 3 kg/patient/day, and 2.5 kg/bed/day. The mean individual components of generated waste in the studied hospitals were; foods 27%, plastic 22%, paper/cardboard 22%, glass 11%, metals 10%, and others 8%. In conclusion, about 26% of the waste was hazardous. The physical component analysis of the waste indicated that the foods, plastic, and paper/cartoon has the highest content of the hospitals waste. Decision makers in Yemen can use this study information for designing and plan the properly management for the collecting system and the healthy disposal of the hazardous waste. Also, for estimating the total policy of required facilities, manpower, and other related costs.Keywords: Composition; medical waste; hospitals waste; Yemen

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Habib Choudhury, Md Monjurul, Nilufar Jahan, Tafhim Ahmed Rifat, Progya Laboni Tina, and Md Samir Uddin. "Medical Waste Management Practices in Sylhet City among Healthcare Providers." Medicine Today 35, no. 1 (April 13, 2023): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v35i1.64932.

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Introduction: In the present world, large amount of wastes are clinical wastes, generated during diagnosis, treatment and research purpose. Most of the clinical wastes are hazardous like infectious, toxic of radioactive compounds. It is challenging to ensure proper waste management for developing countries like Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among doctors, nurse, nursing assistants, OT technicians, janitors, helper, sanitary worker and security guards at different private hospitals, clinics and diagnostic centers in Sylhet city. 300 healthcare staffs were purposively interviewed to evaluate the extend practices of biological or hospital waste management from January 2021 to December 2021. The study was conducted after taking informed written consent. Results: The outcomes of the present study indicated that maximum of the study participants were knowledgeable. But majority (71%) still do not use PPE (Personal protective equipment), 53% were not immunized against hepatitis B. They also had less practice to keep the hospital wastes in correct color coded container and less practice of washing the waste container properly. Conclusion: Most participants valued the significance of waste management practice to prevent health hazards but average practice was observed among them. For proper waste handling and disposal, frequent awareness program should be conducted among the health personnel. Medicine Today 2023 Vol.35(1): 12-15

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Yaseen AL Kindi, Ghayda, and . "Evaluation of the Reality of the Management and Treatment of Solid Waste in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (November 28, 2018): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.27417.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the reality of the management and treatment of solid waste in Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital, it’s observed that total generation rate of solid waste per day was 116.133 kg/day. while the rate of medical waste generation was 55.075 kg/day. More than 50% of this waste was generated in the surgery rooms and patients' rooms. As well as, it was found that the generation rate of waste for each bed per day was (0.87) kg, while it was (0.28 kg/bed.day) of medical solid waste. In addition, the medical wastes characteristics are studied by taking samples during 3 months of 2017, and analyzing them to determine their moisture content and density. The moisture content are observed between (1.7-30%, 40-56%) for medical and general waste respectively. While the density are (270.4 and 239), kg/m3 for medical and general waste respectively. In addition, the number of surgical operations and the number of patients per day are shown to be most important factors affecting the generation rate of medical waste in the hospital. The treatment of medical wastes for Al-Yarmouk Hospital adopts a system of steam sterilization in a special system.

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Han, Jun Shu, Zheng Wang, Li Hua Wu, Chao Wu, and Wen Chang Zhang. "Design of a Small Medical Waste Pyrolysis Furnance." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3590.

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In this paper, a small medical waste pyrolysis furnance, which could disposal 1t wastes, is designed for the safe disposal of medical wastes, by in-depth research of pyrolysis, detailed calculation analysis, and considering the experimental results and other factors in general. The flue gas treatment system of the small medical waste pyrolysis furnance is designed applying 3T principle, and the dioxin’s later synthesis is controlled, so the dioxin emissions problem is also resolved. The results show that the small furnance has reasonable configuration, works reliably, and it could self-support freely, its emissions meet the national standards for the dioxin emissions 0.213 ng/m3.

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Perelygin, Vladimir, Nataliia Sklyarova, Sergey Paramonov, and Timofey Pyatizbyantsev. "Approaches to a comprehensive solution to the problem of medical waste management." Pharmacy Formulas 1, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/phf18618.

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Topical issues of medical waste compliance with Federal Law 89-ФЗ On Production and Consumption Wastes and aspects of conducting medical waste management activities in order to comply with this regulatory legal act are considered. It has been established that when medical waste falls under the federal law FZ-89, additional requirements for conducting waste management activities are not taken into account, the entry of medical waste into the Federal Classification Catalog of Waste (FCCW) as a separate unit and optimization of the certification of medical waste. In our opinion, there are currently gaps in the medical waste management activities in the environmental legislation of the Russian Federation and, as a consequence, in law enforcement practice. An algorithm of scientifically based approaches to solving the main problems of the existing problems that can be applied during the preparation and development of the Information and Technical Guide on the best available technologies (BAT) for medical waste management is proposed.

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Chen, Lin, Jun Mei Sun, and Zheng Wen Huang. "Research on the Whole-Progress Management of Medical Waste with Life Cycle Assessment." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 900–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.900.

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The management and treatment of medical waste directly affected the security of doctors, patients and human health. The hazard of medical wastes and domestic status of medical waste management were discussed, the countermeasures for achieving sustainable management of medical waste in China were put forward on the basis of the theoretical framework of life cycle assessment and whole-process management called Cradle-toGrave. Finally, the development direction and trend, appropriate suggestion and control measures of medical waste management was put forward combined with the international development requirements.

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B, Meena Preethi, Dharshini B, and Gokul S. "Biomedical Waste Management Using Incineration and Autoclave." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 4645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43371.

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Abstract: Sanitarium wastes pose significant public health hazard if not duly managed. Hence, it's necessary to develop and borrow optimal waste management systems in the hospitals. Bio-medical waste (BMW) generated in our nation on a day-to-day base is immense and contains contagious and dangerous accoutrements. With the rise in COVID-19 cases, there are concerns about the disposal of huge amounts of biomedical waste. Tamil Nadu generated 35269.74 kg/per day of COVID-19 ‘bio-medical waste’ between 2020 to 2021. This paper deals on managing the Bio-medical waste (BMW) using Incineration and Autoclaving. Keywords: Bio-medical waste (BMW), World Health Organization (WHO), Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB), common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facility (CBMWTF), Incineration, Autoclaving

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Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel. "Medical Waste during COVID-19 Pandemic: Its Types, Abundance, Impacts and Implications." Industrial and Domestic Waste Management 2, no. 2 (October 14, 2022): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/idwm.v2i2.117.

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COVID-19 has resulted in an abrupt and significant increase in medical waste, albeit with improving air and water quality in certain regions. This paper aims to review the types, abundance, and impacts of COVID-19-related medical waste through examining the contents of 54 peer-reviewed scholarly papers. COVID-19-related medical waste compositions vary over time, with COVID-19 screening, diagnostic, and treatment wastes, as well as used personal protective equipment (PPE), constituting the majority of medical waste at the start, followed by vaccination waste during the peak of vaccination. COVID-19-related medical waste is expected to decrease and steady as more and more countries relax restrictions in an attempt to live with COVID-19. Geographically, the amount of COVID-19-related medical waste depends on population size, with highly-populated countries and cities such as China, Manila, Jakarta, and Bangkok seeing or expected to see a hike in the waste of between 210 tonnes/day and 280 tonnes/day during COVID-19. Packaging of the medical and PPE items forming the medical waste stream also contributes to a substantial amount of waste. As plastics are a major component of medical waste, the increase in COVID-19-related medical waste and its mismanagement have worsened environmental pollution caused by plastics. The surge of medical waste during COVID-19 strained the existing medical waste disposal systems, and incineration of the waste contributed to air pollution, which was often localized. Mismanagement of the waste could also raise public health concerns and cause visual repercussions.

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Oyebode, O. J., and J. A. Otoko. "Medical Waste Management and Design of a Low-Cost Incinerator for Reduction of Environmental Pollution in a Multi-System Hospital." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 1933–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i04.048.

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Pollution of the environment and inappropriate management of medical wastes are major challenges facing developing countries and this must be tackled with recent technology for public health, enhanced natural ecosystems, and a better environment. This research is a two-step process that involves the assessment of the existing Hospital waste management practices in a multi-system Hospital in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Excess air, kerosene (auxiliary fuel), single chamber, Batch-fed (Manual feeding), and controlled air incinerator were designed. Wastes were loaded once at the beginning of the combustion cycle followed by combustion, ash burnout, cool down, and ash removal to assist medical waste management. Findings revealed that personnel involved in handling medical waste were equipped with inadequate protective gear. Medical waste was handled together with municipal waste and both wastes were incinerated in an open dumpsite without engineered sanitary landfill at disposal locations constituting a nuisance with a high risk of pollution to the surrounding environment. The incinerator was designed for a waste load of 269 kg.day-1. It consists of four zones; the waste and combustion zone (2.7 m × 1.8 m × 1 m), the ash zone (0.23 m height), the combustion fumes and one-second retention zone (0.43 m height) as well as the excess air zone (0.46 m height). This low-cost medical waste incinerator has a lot of improvement, operational effectiveness, and efficiency to the currently available techniques. Viable recommendations made will improve the state of environmental health and reduce the harmful effects of medical waste.

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Grace, Chapala Sara, Grace ., M. Sreeja, and M. Deepika. "Non-human Intervention Robot in Biomedical Waste Management." International Journal of Health Technology and Innovation 2, no. 01 (April 12, 2023): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.60142/ijhti.v2i01.75.

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Medical waste is one of the growing concerns worldwide, hidden in wolf’s clothing. A wide range of medical waste is being produced daily, which should be distinguished in its disposal and treatment. Collection, segregation and treatment of these wastes is quite problematic as it may spread diseases to the workers and cause harm. Biomedical waste management using autoclave incinerators, their establishment and maintenance is highly economical. We hereby come up with the idea of employing a robot under human control to collect, segregate and treat medical wastes

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MIYAMORI, K. "Medical Waste Management System." JAPANES JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 60, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4286/ikakikaigaku.60.2_62.

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Gahutu, Jean Bosco. "Editorial: Medical waste management." Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v2i3.1.

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Bennett, Noel McK. "Disposal of medical waste." Medical Journal of Australia 149, no. 8 (October 1988): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120697.x.

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Honeycutt, Travis W., and F. D. Daschner. "Disinfection of Medical Waste." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 14, no. 6 (June 1993): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30146518.

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