To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Medical Women physicians.
Journal articles on the topic 'Medical Women physicians'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Medical Women physicians.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Mamtani, Mira, Frances Shofer, Anita Mudan, et al. "Quantifying gender disparity in physician authorship among commentary articles in three high-impact medical journals: an observational study." BMJ Open 10, no. 2 (2020): e034056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034056.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundScholarship plays a direct role in career advancement, promotion and authoritative recognition, and women physicians remain under-represented as authors of original research articles.ObjectiveWe sought to determine if women physician authors are similarly under-represented in commentary articles within high-impact journals.Design/Setting/ParticipantsIn this observational study, we abstracted and analysed author information (gender and degree) and authorship position from commentary articles published in three high-impact journals between 1 January 2014 and 16 October 2018.Primary outcome measureAuthorship rate of commentary articles over a 5-year period by gender, degree, authorship position and journal.Secondary outcome measuresTo compare the proportion of men and women physician authorship of commentaries relative to the proportion of men and women physician faculty within academic medicine; and to examine the gender concordance among the last and first authors in articles with more than one author.ResultsOf the 2087 articles during the study period, 48% were men physician first authors compared with 17% women physician first authors (p<0.0001). Of the 1477 articles with more than one author, similar distributions were found with regard to last authors: 55% were men physicians compared with only 12% women physicians (p<0.0001). The proportion of women physician first authors increased over time; however, the proportion of women physician last authors remained stagnant. Women coauthored with women in the first and last authorship positions in 9% of articles. In contrast, women coauthored with men in the first and last author positions, respectively, in 55% of articles.ConclusionsWomen physician authors remain under-represented in commentary articles compared with men physician authors in the first and last author positions. Women also coauthored commentaries with other women in far fewer numbers.
2
Rouse, Linda P., Stephanie Nagy-Agren, Roberta E. Gebhard, and Wendy K. Bernstein. "Women Physicians: Gender and the Medical Workplace." Journal of Women's Health 29, no. 3 (2020): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2018.7290.
Full text
3
East, Cara, and Debbie Bridges. "Women Physicians at Baylor University Medical Center." Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings 17, no. 3 (2004): 304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2004.11927985.
Full text
4
Jakes, Adam D., Ingrid Watt-Coote, Matthew Coleman, and Catherine Nelson-Piercy. "Obstetric medical care and training in the United Kingdom." Obstetric Medicine 10, no. 1 (2016): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753495x16681201.
Full textAbstract:
The UK confidential enquiry into maternal deaths identified poor management of medical problems in pregnancy to be a contributory factor to a large proportion of indirect maternal deaths. Maternal (obstetric) medicine is an exciting subspecialty that encompasses caring for both women with pre-existing medical conditions who become pregnant, as well as those who develop medical conditions in pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynaecology trainees have some exposure to maternal medicine through their core curriculum and can then complete an advanced training skills module, subspecialise in maternal–fetal medicine or take time out to complete the Royal College of Physicians membership examination. Physician training has limited exposure to medical problems in pregnancy and has therefore prompted expansion of the obstetric physician role to ensure physicians with adequate expertise attend joint physician–obstetrician clinics. This article describes the role of an obstetric physician in the UK and the different career pathways available to physicians and obstetricians interested in maternal medicine.
5
Campolieti, Michele, Douglas Hyatt, and Boris Kralj. "Determinants of Stress in Medical Practice." Articles 62, no. 2 (2007): 226–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016087ar.
Full textAbstract:
We use data from a unique survey of Ontario physicians to examine the determinants of work and personal stress in physicians with six stress indexes we constructed. We have a number of findings of particular interest. First, we find that males experience significantly less stress than women in a number of our regressions. Second, some of our estimates suggest that physicians who practice in health service organizations, which are paid primarily by capitation rather than fee-for-service, experience less stress. This estimate suggests that alternative payment systems, which are becoming more prevalent, may help to alleviate the stress experienced by physicians. Third, increases in the percentage of billings required to cover overhead expenses are associated with higher levels of stress. Finally, our most consistent empirical finding relates to the number of hours a week the physician works, which had a significant effect on all six of our stress indexes.
6
Stolzer, J. M., and Syed Afzal Hossain. "Breastfeeding Education: A Physician and Patient Assessment." Child Development Research 2014 (June 1, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/413053.
Full textAbstract:
In the study presented here, Likert scaled surveys derived from the Surgeon General’s Blueprint for Action on Breastfeeding (2000) were mailed to 400 practicing physicians in a Midwestern state to assess medical school breastfeeding education. In addition, 500 surveys were mailed to women in the same Midwestern state who had given birth within the last year to determine what type of breastfeeding information they were receiving from their attending physicians. The purpose of this study is to analyze physician breastfeeding education and to ascertain if the data collected from the physicians is congruent with the data collected from the women who had recently given birth. Results of this study indicate that while the majority of physicians reported sufficient levels of breastfeeding education while in medical school, women participating in this study reported that they did not receive compendious breastfeeding information from their attending physicians.
7
Young, Aaron, Humayun J. Chaudhry, Xiaomei Pei, Katie Arnhart, Michael Dugan, and Scott A. Steingard. "FSMB Census of Licensed Physicians in the United States, 2018." Journal of Medical Regulation 105, no. 2 (2019): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-105.2.7.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT There are 985,026 physicians with Doctor of Medicine (MD) and Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degrees licensed to practice medicine in the United States and the District of Columbia, according to physician census data compiled by the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB). These qualified physicians graduated from 2,089 medical schools in 167 countries and are available to serve a U.S. national population of 327,167,434. While the percentage of physicians who are international medical graduates have remained relatively stable over the last eight years, the percentage of physicians who are women, possess a DO degree, have three or more licenses, or are graduates of a medical school in the Caribbean have increased by varying degrees during that same period. This report marks the fifth biennial physician census that the FSMB has published, highlighting key characteristics of the nation's available physician workforce, including numbers of licensees by geographic region and state, type of medical degree, location of medical school, age, gender, specialty certification and number of active licenses per physician. The number of licensed physicians in the United States has been growing steadily, due in part to an expansion in the number of medical schools and students during the past two decades, even as concerns of a physician shortage to meet health care demands persist. The average age of licensed physicians continues to increase, and more licensed physicians appear to be specialty certified, though the latter finding may reflect more comprehensive reporting. This census was compiled using the FSMB's Physician Data Center (PDC), which collects, collates and analyzes physician data directly from the nation's state medical and osteopathic boards and is uniquely positioned to provide a comprehensive snapshot of information about licensed physicians. A periodic national census of this type offers useful demographic and licensure information about the available physician workforce that may be useful to policy makers, researchers and related health care organizations to better understand and address the nation's health care needs.
8
Steiner, Mark E., D. Bradford Quigley, Frank Wang, Christopher R. Balint, and Arthur L. Boland. "Team Physicians in College Athletics." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 10 (2005): 1545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546505275491.
Full textAbstract:
Background There has been little documentation of what constitutes the clinical work of intercollegiate team physicians. Team physicians could be recruited based on the needs of athletes. Hypothesis A multidisciplinary team of physicians is necessary to treat college athletes. Most physician evaluations are for musculoskeletal injuries treated nonoperatively. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods For a 2-year period, a database was created that recorded information on team physician encounters with intercollegiate athletes at a major university. Data on imaging studies, hospitalizations, and surgeries were also recorded. The diagnoses for physician encounters with all undergraduates through the university's health service were also recorded. Results More initial athlete evaluations were for musculoskeletal diagnoses (73%) than for general medical diagnoses (27%) (P<. 05). Four percent of musculoskeletal injuries required surgery. Most general medical evaluations were single visits for upper respiratory infections and dermatologic disorders, or multiple visits for concussions. Football accounted for 22% of all physician encounters, more than any other sport (P<. 05). Per capita, men and women sought care at an equal rate. In contrast, 10% of physician encounters with the general pool of undergraduates were for musculoskeletal diagnoses. Student athletes did not require a greater number of physician encounters than did the general undergraduate pool of students on a per capita basis. Conclusion Intercollegiate team physicians primarily treat musculoskeletal injuries that do not require surgery. General medical care is often single evaluations of common conditions and repeat evaluations for concussions.
9
Sormanti, Mary, and Erica Smith. "Intimate Partner Violence Screening in the Emergency Department: U.S. Medical Residents' Perspectives." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 30, no. 1 (2010): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/iq.30.1.c.
Full textAbstract:
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is physical, psychological, or sexual harm committed by a current or former partner, spouse, boy/girlfriend. In the United States, the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (2003) estimates that 1.5 million women experience physical assault each year while the lifetime prevalence rate of IPV for women reaches almost 30%. Given the frequency and range of injuries and other health-related problems that result from IPV, the medical system shows promise as a central source of service provision for large numbers of abused women and their children. However, identification rates of IPV in many medical settings are low. This article describes a study that examined focus group data from 25 physicians in residency training at an urban hospital in the United States. Physicians discussed their knowledge and attitudes about IPV screening in the emergency department (ED) setting and suggestions to address perceived barriers to such screening. These data depict multiple barriers to physician screening of IPV in the ED. Findings substantiate previous research and provide new direction for enhancing IPV identification, referral, and treatment mechanisms in the ED setting including alternatives to physician mandated universal screening.
10
Shemo, Connie. "“‘Her Chinese Attended to Almost Everything’: Relationships of Power in the Hackett Medical College for Women, Guangzhou, China, 1901–1915”." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 24, no. 4 (2017): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02404002.
Full textAbstract:
This essay uses a 1915 crisis at the American Presbyterian Hackett Medical College for Women in Guangzhou, China as a lens to explore the level of control Chinese women, who were known as “assistants,” exercised at the school. Official literature of the Hackett portrays the American woman missionary physician Dr. Mary Fulton as controlling the college, but in fact its Chinese women graduates largely ran the institution for some years before 1915. Challenging images of American women missionary physicians either as heroines or imperialists, this article describes instead how Chinese women shaped the institution. Placing the Hackett into the broader context of American Presbyterian medical education for Chinese women since 1879, it argues that rather than only interpreting and adapting missionary ideologies, many of the Chinese women medical students in Guangzhou brought their own conceptions of women practicing medicine. In the case of medical education for women in Guangzhou before 1915, American missionaries were partially responding to Chinese traditions and demands. Ultimately, this essay presents a more complex view of cultural transfer in the women’s foreign mission movement of this period.
11
Young, Aaron, Humayun J. Chaudhry, Xiaomei Pei, Katie Arnhart, Michael Dugan, and Kenneth B. Simons. "FSMB Census of Licensed Physicians in the United States, 2020." Journal of Medical Regulation 107, no. 2 (2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-107.2.57.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT There are 1,018,776 licensed physicians in the United States and the District of Columbia, representing a physician workforce that is 20% larger than it was a decade ago, according to data from 2020 compiled by the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB). The licensed physician population has grown in number relative to the total population, but concerns about a doctor shortage remain as both the general and physician populations age. Late career physicians generally work fewer hours and retire at higher rates, while younger physicians place more emphasis on work-life balance that may also limit work hours, even as many older physicians have delayed retirement in recent years. The mean age of licensed physicians is now 51.7 years, a year higher than it was in 2010. The physician workforce is increasingly mixed in gender and type of physician, with more women and more individuals with Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degrees, specialty board certification and international medical degrees than a decade ago. The ability to inventory a nation’s health care workforce across all specialties and jurisdictions is essential to the delivery of quality health care where it is needed most. This paper marks the FSMB’s sixth biennial census of licensed physicians in the United States and the District of Columbia and provides valuable information about the nation’s available physician workforce, including information about medical degree type, location of undergraduate medical education, specialty certification, number of active licenses, age and sex. As the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the United States is not yet fully known, this report should help state medical boards as they consider changes to their statutes and regulations to facilitate telemedicine and licensure portability after the pandemic ends and before another national public health emergency.
12
Ainsworth-Vaughn, Nancy. "Topic transitions in physician-patient interviews: Power, gender, and discourse change." Language in Society 21, no. 3 (1992): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500015505.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis article examines the ways topic transitions are made in 12 physician-patient encounters between eight physicians (four men and four women) and eight patients, all women, in private practice settings. The data include visits by the same patient to more than one physician; these data are unique in the literature. I expand both the explicit theoretical frame in which topic transitions have been described and the types of these transitions that need consideration. The two major types of transitions are reciprocal and unilateral activities. Reciprocal topic-transition activities are assumed to share power between physician and patient; unilateral topic transitions are assumed to allocate power to the speaker. Ratios of reciprocal to unilateral activities differ widely by gender of the physician. Change in discourse norms for this event may be in progress, due to increasing numbers of women physicians. (Medical discourse, topic, power, gender, sociolinguistic change, English)
13
Malko, Andrei, and Vaughn Huckfeldt. "Physician Shortage in Canada: A Review of Contributing Factors." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 9 (2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n9p68.
Full textAbstract:
The physician shortage in Canada is multifactorial. It is important to identify potential factors and policies contributing to the problem. An extensive literature review to retrieve primary source articles was performed using the PubMed database. Other sources of information included reports identified using the websites of organizations, associations, government bodies and Google scholar, as well as additional primary source articles identified using reference lists of retrieved articles and reports. Healthcare policy changes in the 1990’s limited the growth of physician supply through the reduction of medical school enrolment, restrictions on recruitment of international medical graduates into the workforce, redistribution of family physician and specialist mix and loss of physicians to the US. Inadequate supply of primary care physicians is reflected in the low interest among medical students in a family medicine career and the shortage of physicians in rural areas. Reduction of physician productivity is characterized by an aging physician population, greater proportion of women in the workforce and the reduction of direct patient care hours among the new generation of physicians. The problem is further exacerbated by inefficiencies in healthcare expenditures, judging from high healthcare spending and low physician-to-population ratio. An understanding of factors contributing to the physician shortage is essential in order to develop successful strategies to alleviate inadequate physician supply.
14
Carmel, Sara, Yaacov Bachner, and Aya Biderman. "AWARENESS OF HEALTH RISKS OF CAREGIVING AMONG PRIMARY PHYSICIANS AND THE CAREGIVERS THEMSELVES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S216—S217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.794.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Literature indicates that family primary caregivers (FPC) to severely-ill patients are at high risk to incidence of physical and mental morbidity, especially if they are old themselves. The purpose of these studies was to examine the FPC’s awareness to their own health risks, and primary physicians’ awareness to the importance of locating, following and providing preventive treatment to FPC in their clinic. Participants included 202 FPC older spouses with average age 70.7 (SD=8.33), and 68% women, and primary physicians (N=201) with average age of 48.5 (SD=11.22) and 53.5% women. Among the FPC, awareness to the health risks of caregiving was higher the greater was the caregiving burden, the worse was their self-rated health, the severer was the patient’s disease, as well as the lower was the number of children and among women and spouses. Awareness to importance of medical surveillance was low. Among physicians, awareness to the risks of caregiving was highest among physicians who received their diploma in Israeli universities, and to specialists in family medicine. Their awareness was higher to the FPC’s susceptibility to mental risks rather than to physical risks. Physician’s awareness to the efficiency of medical surveillance of the FPC was high but their actual performance of it was low. This finding is in accordance with the FPC’s report about a low level of interest in their own health among their primary physicians. The importance of awareness to location, surveillance and preventive treatment of FPC should be promoted in medical education, and primary medical services.
15
Beagan, Brenda, Erin Fredericks, and Mary Bryson. "Family physician perceptions of working with LGBTQ patients: physician training needs." Canadian Medical Education Journal 6, no. 1 (2015): e14-e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.36647.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Medical students and physicians report feeling under-prepared for working with patients who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ). Understanding physician perceptions of this area of practice may aid in developing improved education.Method: In-depth interviews with 24 general practice physicians in Halifax and Vancouver, Canada, were used to explore whether, when and how the gender identity and sexual orientation of LGBTQ women were relevant to good care. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti data analysis software.Results: Three major themes emerged: 1) Some physicians perceived that sexual/gender identity makes little or no difference; treating every patient as an individual while avoiding labels optimises care for everyone. 2) Some physicians perceived sexual/gender identity matters primarily for the provision of holistic care, and in order to address the effects of discrimination. 3) Some physicians perceived that sexual/gender identity both matters and does not matter, as they strove to balance the implications of social group membership with recognition of individual differences. Conclusions: Physicians may be ignoring important aspects of social group memberships that affect health and health care. The authors hold that individual and socio-cultural differences are both important to the provision of quality health care. Distinct from stereotypes, generalisations about social group differences can provide valuable starting points, raising useful lines of inquiry. Emphasizing this distinction in medical education may help change physician approaches to the care of LGBTQ women.
16
Győrffy, Zsuzsa, and Edmond Girasek. "Female physicians’ health in Hungary. A longitudinal perspective." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 25 (2014): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.29912.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: There is a worldwide rising tendency of women who decide to become physician. One of the most remarkable fields of investigation is the well-being of female doctors. Aim: To study the prevalence of somatic and reproductive morbidity in a representative sample of Hungarian female physicians and compare it with a control group of graduated women. Method: Data for this epidemiological study were collected from 2515 female physicians in 2013. Graduated women from a representative survey (Hungarostudy 2013) served as controls. The results were compared to the previous (2003–2004) representative female physicians’ survey. Results: We found that the prevalence of chronic somatic morbidity among female physicians was significantly higher than that in the respective control groups. A larger proportion of female medical doctors were characterized by time-to-pregnancy interval longer than one year, and undergoing infertility therapy and miscarriages, compared to the control female population, while the same prevalence of terminations of pregnancy was found. Conclusions: The longitudinal perspective confirmed the existence of the “Hungarian female physicians’ paradox”. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(25), 993–999.
17
Cusimano, Maria C., Nancy N. Baxter, Rinku Sutradhar, et al. "Reproductive patterns, pregnancy outcomes and parental leave practices of women physicians in Ontario, Canada: the Dr Mom Cohort Study protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (2020): e041281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041281.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionSurveys and qualitative studies suggest that women physicians may delay childbearing, be at increased risk of adverse peripartum complications when they do become pregnant, and face discrimination and lower earnings as a result of parenthood. Observational studies enrolling large, representative samples of women physicians are needed to accurately evaluate their reproductive patterns, pregnancy outcomes, parental leave practices and earnings. This protocol provides a detailed research plan for such studies.Methods and analysisThe Dr Mom Cohort Study encompasses a series of retrospective observational studies of women physicians in Ontario, Canada. All practising physicians in Ontario are registered with the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CPSO). By linking a dataset of physicians from the CPSO to existing provincial administrative databases, which hold health data and physician billing records, we will be able to retrospectively assess the healthcare utilisation, work practices and pregnancy outcomes of women physicians at the population level. Specific outcomes of interest include: (1) rates and timing of pregnancy; (2) pregnancy-related care and complications; and (3) duration of parental leave and subsequent earnings, each of which will be evaluated with regression methods appropriate to the form of the outcome. We estimate that, at minimum, 5000 women physicians will be eligible for inclusion.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Board at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (#18–248). We will disseminate findings through several peer-reviewed publications, presentations at national and international meetings, and engagement of physicians, residency programmes, department heads and medical societies.
18
Cochran, Christopher R., and Emmanuel C. Gorospe. "Physician Satisfaction in a Cancer Prevention Program for Low-Income Women in Nevada." Scientific World JOURNAL 7 (2007): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.50.
Full textAbstract:
Physicians and health care organizations that provide services to low-income patients are valuable partners in improving health care access for the uninsured and medically underserved. In this pilot study, we explored physicians' needs and factors for satisfaction in the Women's Health Connection (WHC), a breast and cervical cancer-screening program for low-income women in Nevada. Of the 126 physicians in the WHC program, 50 physicians completed a needs-and-satisfaction questionnaire. Survey data were subjected to factor analysis using Varimax rotation. The results yielded three components, which accounted for 65% of the variance. The three components or dimensions for physician satisfaction were: (1) appropriate administrative support and documentation, (2) availability of support for medical management, and (3) timeliness of diagnostic reports. Amount of reimbursement was not a significant factor. The respondents serving in this cancer prevention program for low-income women were satisfied in their involvement in the program. Further attention should be given on the identified issues for satisfaction among physicians, which could lead to quality improvement and serve as a model for other programs that serve low-income patients in cancer prevention.
19
Manne-Goehler, Jennifer, Neena Kapoor, Daniel M. Blumenthal, and Wendy Stead. "Sex Differences in Achievement and Faculty Rank in Academic Infectious Diseases." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 2 (2019): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz200.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background This study assesses differences in faculty rank between female and male infectious diseases (ID) faculty with academic appointments at US medical schools. Methods We analyzed a complete database of US physicians with medical school faculty appointments in 2014. This database consists of a linkage between the American Association of Medical Colleges faculty roster and a physician database from Doximity, and includes physician age, sex, years since residency completion, publications, National Institutes of Health grants, and registered clinical trials for all academic physicians by specialty. We used multivariable logistic regression models with medical school–specific fixed effects to assess sex differences in full professorship by specialty and the relationship between these factors and achieving the rank of full professor within ID. We compared this adjusted difference in ID to that of peer subspecialties. Results Among a total of 2016 academic ID physicians, there were 742 (37%) women who together accounted for 48.1% of assistant professors, 39.7% of associate professors, and 19.2% of full professors. Women faculty had fewer total (16.3 vs 28.3, P &lt; .001) and first/last author publications (9.8 vs 20.4, P &lt; .001). In adjusted models, the rate of full professorship (vs assistant or associate) among female compared to male ID physicians was large and significant (absolute adjusted difference, –8.0% [95% confidence interval, –11.9% to –4.1%]). This difference was greater in ID than in cardiology. Conclusions Significant sex differences in achieving the rank of full professor exist in academic ID, after adjustment for multiple factors known to influence these outcomes. Greater efforts should be made to address equity in academic ID.
20
Abood, Delaney C., Spencer A. King, Douglas C. Eaton, and Susan M. Wall. "Changing Demographics of NIDDK-Funded Physician-Scientists Doing Kidney Research." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 16, no. 9 (2021): 1337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.02440221.
Full textAbstract:
Background and objectivesAlthough US physician-scientists have made enormous contributions to biomedical research, this workforce is thought to be getting smaller. However, among kidney researchers, changes have not been fully quantified.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe mined National Institutes of Health RePORTER to explore demographic changes of early-career and established physician and nonphysician principal investigators doing kidney-focused research. We searched for National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)–funded K series and R01 awards focused on the kidney that were active between 1990 and 2020 and determined if their emphasis was basic or clinical science. We then used public databases available on the internet to determine if these funded investigators were physicians or nonphysicians, the year in which they received either their MD (physicians) or their terminal graduate degree (nonphysicians), their sex, and whether they received their terminal degree from a US or international institution.ResultsKidney-focused R01-funded principal investigators are aging, particularly among physicians. Moreover, the relative representation of physicians among both early-career and established principal investigators is falling, particularly among those doing basic science research. In contrast, the number and relative representation of nonphysician-scientists are increasing. There is also greater representation of women and international graduates among physician and nonphysician R01-funded, kidney-focused NIDDK investigators. However, although there are greater numbers of women physician principal investigators doing both basic as well as clinical research, women physician principal investigators are increasingly more likely to do clinical rather than basic science research.ConclusionsThe physician-scientist workforce is increasingly made up of women and international medical graduates. However, the physician-scientist workforce is older and represents a smaller proportion of all principal investigators, particularly among those doing basic science research.
21
Devernay, Marie, Emmanuel Ecosse, Joël Coste, and Jean-Claude Carel. "Determinants of Medical Care for Young Women with Turner Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 94, no. 9 (2009): 3408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-0495.
Full textAbstract:
Context: Turner syndrome is associated with reduced life expectancy. Lifelong follow-up is strongly recommended, but follow-up during the transition between pediatric and adult care has been little evaluated. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the medical follow-up of a population-based cohort of young adult patients. Design, Setting, and Patients: A questionnaire study was conducted with a national cohort of 568 women, aged 22.6 ± 2.6 yr (range, 18.3–31.2), a mean of 6 yr after stopping GH treatment (StaTur cohort). Main Outcome Measures: We assessed the proportion of patients with adequate follow-up at seven medical assessments over 4 yr and its determinants. Results: Most participants were followed by gynecologists or general practitioners. Medical assessments were performed in 16% (audiometry) to 68% (lipid level determinations) of participants, with little consistency in individual patients. Only 20 of 568 patients (3.5%) underwent all assessments in the 4-yr period. Multivariate analysis identified the type of physician as the only factor consistently associated with follow-up, which was more adequate with endocrinologists than with other physicians. Other variables associated with at least one adequate follow-up assessment were paternal socioeconomic class, education level, number of Turner syndrome disease components, size of the medical center following the patient in childhood, and physical health dimensions of Short Form 36 questionnaire. Conclusions: By contrast with the intensive medical follow-up in childhood, follow-up was grossly inadequate during the transition phase. During this phase, patients should be sent to physicians specializing in Turner syndrome and particular attention should be paid to patients with lower levels of education and from families of low socioeconomic status. This study finds adherence to recommended follow-up for young adult women with Turner syndrome is incomplete even when there is good access to care.
22
Young, Aaron, Humayun J. Chaudhry, Jon V. Thomas, and Michael Dugan. "A Census of Actively Licensed Physicians in the United States, 2012." Journal of Medical Regulation 99, no. 2 (2013): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-99.2.11.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, signed into law in 2010 and upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court last year, is expected to provide health care coverage to as many as 32 million Americans by 2019. As demand for health care expands, the need for accurate data about the current and future physician workforce will remain paramount. This census of actively licensed physicians in the United States and the District of Columbia represents data received from state medical boards in 2012 by the Federation of State Medical Boards. It demonstrates that the total population of licensed physicians (878,194) has expanded by 3% since 2010, is slightly older, has more women, and includes a substantive increase in physicians who graduated from a medical school in the Caribbean. As state medical boards begin to collect a Minimum Data Set about practicing physicians and their practice patterns in the years ahead, this information will inform decisions by policymakers, regulators and health care market participants to better align health care demand with supply.
23
Milanovic, Jasmina, and Jelena Jovanovic-Simic. "Female physicians and physicians’ wives - members of the Women’s Society (1875-1915)." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 148, no. 9-10 (2020): 648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh191106078m.
Full textAbstract:
Prior to the Herzegovina Uprising (1875) and the First Serbian? Turkish War (1876?1877), two associations were established in Serbia with humane work goals that provided great assistance to the health service throughout the war conflicts in which the Serbian people participated. The first of these was the Women?s Society, established in May 1875, and the second one was the Serbian Red Cross Society, established in February 1876. Shortly before the wars, they organized training courses for voluntary paramedics and nurses, during the wars they established reserve hospitals, collected money, medical supplies, and clothing for the wounded and the refugees. In peacetime, among other activities, they worked to raise public awareness of the importance of hygiene and proper nutrition. Female physicians and physicians? wives were particularly active in the Women?s Society, and were followed by women around them. The work of the female members of the Women?s Society was especially invaluable in the subcommittees, as they worked together with their husbands to promote health education in culturally primitive rural areas.
24
Joseph, Meera, Sujen Saravanabavan, and Jeff Nisker. "Physicians' Perceptions of Barriers to Equal Access to Reproductive Health Promotion for Women with Mobility Impairment." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 7, no. 1 (2018): 62–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v7i1.403.
Full textAbstract:
In Canada, 15% of women report having a disability, most frequently mobility-related. Research with women with disabilities has for decades brought attention to barriers to reproductive health promotion. Research with physicians regarding why these barriers exist and how they can be dissolved has not occurred. Physicians were recruited through email and pamphlets to participate in 30-45 minute in-person interviews, audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Charmaz-based qualitative analysis was supported by NVivo10TM software. Twenty-five interviews were conducted before theoretical sufficiency. Six themes were co-constructed: I-Physicians’ Perceptions of Barriers; II-Physicians' Perceptions of Consequences of Barriers; III-Resolving Barriers; IV-Physicians’ Sub-Understanding of Legal Right to Accommodation; V-Obligation of Physicians to Advocate for Accommodation; and VI-Language Suggesting Physicians’ Lack of Understanding of How Persons with Disabilities See Themselves and Want to be Seen. Physicians identified physical access barriers previously identified in critical disability studies literature, but did not identify the barriers of physician attitudes and lack of information provision as reported in this literature. Physicians perceived their additional time for pap smears and other surveillance strategies as barriers, particularly when not remunerated. Physicians were unaware of their legal obligation to accommodate under human rights codes, perceiving that taking extra time to provide accommodation was doing so out of the "goodness of your heart". Physicians used language illustrating many were unaware of how disabled persons see themselves and want to be seen. Education regarding disability rights and culture must be introduced immediately and prominently into all levels of medical education, with the educators being people with disabilities.
25
Fortoul van der Goes, Teresa I. "Observar, preguntarse y proponer soluciones." Revista de la Facultad de Medicina 63, no. 3 (2020): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fm.24484865e.2020.63.3.01.
Full textAbstract:
Tiny details can make huge changes, that was what Semmelweiss story shows. He was observant physician that identified the relevance of hands washing to prevent more dangerous diseases. That single activity saved the life of a lot of women, which were treated in the clinic from the General Hospital of Vienna by medical students and physicians. His proposal of hands washing, and its results were taken as an affront by the physicians treating them because it made them look like criminals.
26
Gavurova, Beata, and Matus Kubak. "The importance of evaluating inpatients? satisfaction with emphasis on the aspect of confidence." Oeconomia Copernicana 12, no. 3 (2021): 821–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2021.027.
Full textAbstract:
Research background: The patients? confidence in physicians, as well as in healthcare personnel in general, is an important determinant of the patients? satisfaction and their loyalty. The patients? confidence as well as their overall satisfaction is influenced by many determinants, which are in a causal relation.
 Purpose of the article: The main aim of the study is to find out which socio-demographic factors influence the confidence of inpatients in physicians, nurses, other medical personnel, as well as in the treatment as such. The inpatients´ confidence is considered as an important dimension of the inpatients? satisfaction.
 Methods: The questionnaire consists of 112 structured and semi-structured sur-vey questions. It was inspired by the HCAHPS survey. The questionnaire was distributed both on-line and in paper form in the Czech Republic. The dataset consists of 1,479 observations (899 females and 580 males). The descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to process all data.
 Findings & value added: The research revealed significant differences in the confidence of inpatients in physicians in relation to the physicians? communication styles regarding the inpatient?s gender. Males are more tolerant to the communication styles of physicians than women. There exists a relatively strong linear relationship between confidence in physicians, nurses, other healthcare professionals, and confidence in a treatment. Also, it was determined that in cases when a physician talks about an inpatient as if she/he is not there, the patient?s confidence in the medical personnel is reduced by 65%. Overall confidence in medical personnel is also gender biased i.e., in 87% of cases, women are more likely to have a higher confidence in medical personnel than men. The age of inpatients is not statistically significant and its impact on a confidence in medical personnel is neglectable.
27
Schochow, Maximilian, and Florian Steger. "Medical care or clinical research on humans? Contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin in the GDR and its consequences." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 58, no. 02 (2020): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1034-8108.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background In 1978 and 1979, contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin was used in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). As a result, several thousand women were, in the end, infected with hepatitis C. These women received medical attention, part of which was research on hepatitis C. Up to now, results of the research and data are being published in international journals. It remains unclear whether the affected women were asked to be subjects of the clinical research. Methods The authors analyzed historical sources and conducted interviews with contemporary witnesses. Results In the GDR, these women were compulsorily treated by physicians without sufficient information about the disease, diagnostics, and therapy. If the women refused medical care, they were coerced into it by the physicians. Medical care and research were inseparable. Without the knowledge of the women and without their consent, research was carried out on the blood samples and liver biopsies acquired from them.After the German reunification, the same physicians continued to conduct research on the same group of patients. Beginning in 1990, interferon therapy was offered to the women. Parallel to the medication with interferon, studies on the effects of the therapy were carried out. In this case as well, the women were not informed about the use of collected data, nor did they agree to it. Conclusions Physicians should clearly define the border between medical care and scientific interest. Exclusively, data obtained from studies performed correctly under ethical point of view should be accepted for publication.
28
Sharples, Laurel, Cathina Nguyen, Baldeep Singh, and Steven Lin. "Identifying Opportunities to Improve Intimate Partner Violence Screening in a Primary Care System." Family Medicine 50, no. 9 (2018): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2018.311843.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a silent epidemic affecting one in three women. The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine IPV screening for women of childbearing age, but actual rates of screening in primary care settings are low. Our objectives were to determine how often IPV screening was being done in our system and whether screening initiated by medical assistants or physicians resulted in more screens. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review to investigate IPV screening practices in five primary care clinics within a university-based network in Northern California. We reviewed 100 charts from each clinic for a total of 500 charts. Each chart was reviewed to determine if an IPV screen was documented, and if so, whether it was done by the medical assistant or the physician. Results: The overall frequency of IPV screening was 22% (111/500). We found a wide variation in screening practices among the clinics. Screening initiated by medical assistants resulted in significantly more documented screens than screening delivered by physicians (74% vs 9%, P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: IPV screening is an important, but underdelivered service. Using medical assistants to deliver IPV screening may be more effective than relying on physicians alone.
29
Nelson, Sioban. "Medical careers and feminist agendas: American, Scandinavian, and Russian women physicians." Social Science & Medicine 57, no. 1 (2003): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00146-6.
Full text
30
Britton, Dana M., and Elianne Riska. "Medical Careers and Feminist Agendas: American, Scandinavian, and Russian Women Physicians." Contemporary Sociology 32, no. 2 (2003): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089576.
Full text
31
Ruzek, Sheryl Burt. "Medical Careers and Feminist Agendas: American, Scandinavian, and Russian Women Physicians." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 28, no. 4 (2003): 755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-28-4-755.
Full text
32
French, Fiona. "Medical Careers and Feminist Agendas: American, Scandinavian and Russian Women Physicians." Sociological Research Online 7, no. 4 (2002): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136078040200700411.
Full text
33
Harris, John M., Cheryl Novalis-Marine, and Robin B. Harris. "Women physicians are early adopters of on-line continuing medical education." Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions 23, no. 4 (2003): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chp.1340230505.
Full text
34
Konda, Manojna, Arya Roy, Richa Parikh, et al. "Gender variation in clinical activity and Medicare payments among medical oncologists and hematologists." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): 11014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.11014.
Full textAbstract:
11014 Background: While physician sex has been shown to impact salary even after adjusting for productivity, gender-based differences in clinical activity and reimbursement for oncologists and hematologists are not completely understood. We evaluated the differences in Medicare reimbursement for male and female physicians in medical oncology and hematology. Methods: A retrospective analysis using Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File (POSPUF) for the year 2017 was performed to identify charges and total payment information for individual oncologists and hematologists. Mean values were compared using two-sample t-test, and the medians were compared by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: A total of 8553 oncologists and hematologists (2710 women and 5843 men) were included in the POSPUF in 2017. Female physicians submitted a mean of 16,754 fewer charges (95% CI, −19,696 to −13,812; P < .0001), collected a mean of $173,632 less in revenue (95% CI, −201,184 to −146,080; P < .0001), and submitted a mean of 5.65 fewer unique billing codes (95% CI, - 6.69 to - 4.61; P <.0001) compared to their male counterparts. Women represented 219 of the 1069 most highly productive oncologists and hematologists (20.4%) and collected a mean of $281,263 (95% CI, −417,517 to −145,008; P < .0001) less than similarly productive men. Conclusions: This study suggests that female oncologists and hematologists submit fewer Medicare charges and receive lower Medicare payments compared to male providers. Even among similarly productive hematologists and oncologists, women collected less revenue than men. Further research is required to explore causes for this difference. [Table: see text]
35
RADU, Irina Angela, Ileana Anca EFRIM, and Dumitru MATEI. "Barriers perceived by family doctors in the implementation of medical education for the prevention of mental health disorders in the perinatal period." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 16, no. 1 (2021): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2021.1.11.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. The prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health are valuable tools for reducing the incidence and prevalence of mental health disorders. These tools can be used by family physicians, early, since the perinatal period. The objective of the research was to identify the barriers perceived by family doctors in communicating preventive measures for mental health disorders, through medical education, to the young patient in the preconception period and the pregnant patient. Method and results. The research was conducted on the basis of a self-administered, anonymized questionnaire. The target group was represented by 153 family doctors from Romania. The answers to the questions aiming to identify the possibility for the family doctors to do medical education for the prevention of mental health disorders of the future conception product, in the young woman, in the preconception period as well as in the pregnant woman were analyzed. The results showed that 32.89% of respondents express their willingness to do medical education to prevent mental health disorders of the future product of conception in women in preconception and 41.45% in pregnant women. The ranking of the reasons chosen for the lack of availability to communicate preventive measures during the consultation, in the patient in the preconception period, puts on the first place the lack of necessary work tools (45.10%), and on the second place, the lack of knowledge of communication techniques for such situations (22.55%), and on the third, the fact that patients do not come to the doctor with such questions (17.65%). In pregnant women, the perceived barriers are: lack of necessary work tools (47.19%), lack of knowledge of communication techniques for such situations (22.47%), and the fact that patients do not come with such questions to the family doctor (14.67%). Conclusions. Family physicians express their willingness to communicate preventive measures and to promote mental health through early applied medical education, since the perinatal period. The research reveals that the lack of knowledge of communication techniques, the lack of adapted work tools and the fact that patients do not come with such questions to the family doctor are the main barriers perceived by family doctors.
36
Ambrosio, Giuseppe, Peter Collins, Ralf Dechend, Jose Lopez-Sendon, Athanasios J. Manolis, and A. John Camm. "StaBle Angina: PeRceptIon of NeeDs, Quality of Life and ManaGemEnt of Patients (BRIDGE Study)—A Multinational European Physician Survey." Angiology 70, no. 5 (2018): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319718796313.
Full textAbstract:
Stable angina (SA) is a chronic condition reducing physical activity and quality of life (QoL). Physicians treating patients with SA in Italy, Germany, Spain, and United Kingdom completed a web-based survey. The objective was to assess physician perceptions of patient needs, the impact of SA on QoL, and evaluate SA management. Overall, 659 physicians (cardiologists and general practitioners) entered data from 1965 eligible patients. The perceived importance of everyday activities for patients with a recent diagnosis (≤2 years) was higher than for patients with a longer diagnosis (>2 years), while severity of limitations for those activities were rated similarly for both groups. Gender-based analyses revealed that physicians documented more severe SA, more symptoms and more angina attacks in women, yet they rated the patients’ condition as similar for both sexes. Women also received less medical and interventional treatment. Patients who have previously had a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) had more severe SA, despite more intense medical treatment, than patients with no previous PCI. In conclusion, severity, symptoms, and impact of SA on health status and everyday life activities vary by duration of disease, gender, and previous PCI. However, physicians do not seem to attach appropriate importance to these differences.
37
Kelner, Merrijoy, and Carolyn Rosenthal. "Postgraduate Medical Training, Stress, and Marriage." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 1 (1986): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378603100105.
Full textAbstract:
In a pilot study, 20 interviews were conducted with married female interns and residents and their spouses in order to explore both positive effects of spousal support and negative effects of additional role obligations during medical training. The marital state has been shown to be related to lowered levels of stress. Past studies of medical marriage have focused on male physicians and their wives. However, marriage and parenthood impact differently on women than men, and thus on women physicians. To explore these differences, our findings are contrasted with findings on male medical students and their wives by R. Coombs. Compared to our subjects, Coombs found spouses were either housewives or held lower level jobs rather than demanding careers, and consequently our subjects experienced greater difficulty meeting demands of everyday life (cooking, cleaning, child care). Coombs’ wives showed greater vicarious identification with the goals and satisfactions of the physician in-training; greater feelings of obligation to nurture, support and make sacrifices on behalf of their spouses; and less resentment toward the current system of medical training. They stressed the nurturing aspect of marital support rather than instrumental aspects. Subjects in both studies feared growing apart but while Coombs’ wives feared being outgrown intellectually, our husbands were critical of their wives’ narrowness of interests. Subjects in both studies believed marriage provided benefits (intimacy, support, affection, sex) but also complained of the negative impact of exhausting and emotionally draining medical training. Implications of findings for reducing the stress of medical training are discussed.
38
Brown-Johnson, Cati, Rachel Schwartz, Amrapali Maitra, et al. "What is clinician presence? A qualitative interview study comparing physician and non-physician insights about practices of human connection." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (2019): e030831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030831.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the concept and practices of ‘clinician presence’, exploring how physicians and professionals create connection, engage in interpersonal interaction, and build trust with individuals across different circumstances and contexts.DesignIn 2017–2018, we conducted qualitative semistructured interviews with 10 physicians and 30 non-medical professionals from the fields of protective services, business, management, education, art/design/entertainment, social services, and legal/personal services.SettingPhysicians were recruited from primary care clinics in an academic medical centre, a Veterans Affairs clinic, and a federally qualified health centre.ParticipantsParticipants were 55% men and 45% women; 40% were non-white.ResultsQualitative analyses yielded a definition of presence as a purposeful practice of awareness, focus, and attention with the intent to understand and connect with individuals/patients. For both medical and non-medical professionals, creating presence requires managing and considering time and environmental factors; for physicians in particular, this includes managing and integrating technology. Listening was described as central to creating the state of being present. Within a clinic, presence might manifest as a physician listening without interrupting, focusing intentionally on the patient, taking brief re-centering breaks throughout a clinic day, and informing patients when attention must be redirected to administrative or technological demands.ConclusionsClinician presence involves learning to step back, pause, and be prepared to receive a patient’s story. Building on strategies from physicians and non-medical professionals, clinician presence is best enacted through purposeful intention to connect, conscious navigation of time, and proactive management of technology and the environment to focus attention on the patient. Everyday practice or ritual supporting these strategies could support physician self-care as well as physician-patient connection.
39
Masjedi, M. R., A. Cheragvandi, M. Hadian, and A. A. Velayati. "Reasons for delay in the management of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 8, no. 2-3 (2002): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2002.8.2-3.324.
Full textAbstract:
The study assessed reasons for delay between patient’s first symptoms of tuberculosis and initiation of therapy. Fifty newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to the NRITLD in Teheran were studied. Mean patient delay before consulting a physician was 12.5 +/- 10 days, significantly higher among men than women. Mean delay until the physicians’ diagnosis was 93 +/- 80 days, significantly higher for women than for men. Almost no treatment delay was observed [mean 4 +/- 4 days after diagnosis had been confirmed]. The major delay was the time taken by physicians to diagnose tuberculosis in symptomatic patients. An active and effective national tuberculosis programme is needed in the Islamic Republic of Iran, with integration of the programme in medical school curricula and in continuing professional training.
40
Paulin Baraldi, Ana Cyntia, Ana Maria de Almeida, Gleici Perdoná, Elisabeth Meloni Vieira, and Manoel Antonio dos Santos. "Perception and Attitudes of Physicians and Nurses about Violence against Women." Nursing Research and Practice 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/785025.
Full textAbstract:
Cross-sectional study compares the perception and attitudes about violence against women of physicians and nurses working in the primary health care clinics in Ribeirão Preto, SP. A total of 170 physicians and 51 nurses were interviewed in the District Health Clinics. Physicians feel more comfortable than nurses to talk about the sex life of patients () and to investigate the use of drugs (0.001). Compared to the nurses greater number of physicians believed that the aggression to the woman by the husband should be treated as a medical problem (). Both believe that external factors, as alcohol or drug abuse, unemployment, and psychological problems of the husband and not of the victim, can cause violent acts. Most interviewees understand that gender violence exceeds the issues of individuality and privacy and has become a public health problem, by the dimension present in the social relationships.
41
Shaikh, Asim Jamal, Shiyam Kumar, Sajjad Raza, Maria Mehboob, and Osama Ishtiaq. "Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer: Physician’s Choices." International Journal of Breast Cancer 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/849592.
Full textAbstract:
The choice of adjuvant hormonal therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer has remained a matter of controversy and debate. The variety of agents is available, with each claiming to be superior. This clinical survey was undertaken to get an impression of the physician’s first choice of therapy in an attempt to find out what questions still need to be answered in the making of “standard of care.” A web-based clinical survey was sent to the cancer physicians around the world, and 182 physicians responded to the survey. Most were medical oncologists in a tertiary care hospital. 36.3% preferred Anastrozole, 35.2% Tamoxifen, and 22.2% Letrozole as their first choice. Data support (67.8%) and safety concerns (30%) were given as the main reasons for the choice, 63.7% switched their therapy, and 24% had to switch because of side effects. 73.6% used 5 years of adjuvant hormonal therapy, 6.6% for 7 years, and 4.4% for 10 years. 61.5% follow their patients 3 times monthly, and 73.2% used laboratory and radiological assessment at each followup.Conclusion. Physicians show disagreement over the choice and duration of hormonal therapy in this patient population. Clinical trials leading to firm recommendations to set standards from which patients benefit the most are needed.
42
Chen, Brian K., Dakshu Jindal, Y. Tony Yang, Nicole Hair, and Chun-Yuh Yang. "Associations Between Physician Supply Levels and Amenable Mortality Rates: An Analysis of Taiwan Over Nearly 4 Decades." Health Services Insights 13 (January 2020): 117863292095487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178632920954878.
Full textAbstract:
Access to health care is an important determinant of health, but it remains unclear whether having more physicians reduces mortality. In this study, we used Taiwan’s population-level National Death Certification Registry data to investigate whether a greater supply of physicians is associated with lower rates of amenable mortality, defined as deaths that can be delayed with appropriate and timely medical treatment. Our baseline regression analysis adjusting only for age and sex shows that an increase in the number of physicians per 1000 is associated with a reduction of 1.7 ( P < .01) and 0.97 ( P < .01) age-standardized deaths per 100 000 for men and women, respectively. However, in our full analyses that control for socioeconomic factors and Taiwan’s health insurance expansion, we find that physician supply is no longer statistically associated with amenable mortality rates. Nevertheless, we found that greater physician supply levels are associated with a reduction in deaths from ischemic heart disease (−0.13 ( P < .05) for men, and −0.066 ( P < .05) for women). These findings suggest that overall, physician supply is not associated with amenable mortality rates after controlling for socioeconomic factors but may help reduce amenable mortality rates in specific causes of death.
43
Charles, Cathy A., Tim Whelan, Amiram Gafni, Andy Willan, and Sylvia Farrell. "Shared Treatment Decision Making: What Does It Mean to Physicians?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, no. 5 (2003): 932–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.05.057.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Physicians are urged to practice shared treatment decision making (STDM), yet this concept is poorly understood. We developed a conceptual framework describing essential characteristics of a shared approach. This study assessed the degree of congruence in the meanings of STDM as described in the framework and as perceived by practicing physicians. Methods: A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was mailed to eligible Ontario medical and radiation oncologists and surgeons treating women with early-stage breast cancer. Open-ended and structured questions elicited physicians’ perceptions of shared decision making. Results: Most study physicians spontaneously described STDM using characteristics identified in the framework as essential to this concept. When presented with clinical examples in which the decision-making roles of physicians and patients were systematically varied, study physicians overwhelmingly identified example 4 as illustrating a shared approach. This example was deliberately constructed to depict STDM as defined in the framework. In addition, more than 85.0% of physicians identified as important to STDM specific patient and physician roles derived from the framework. These included the following: the physician gives information to the patient on treatment benefits and risks; the patient gives information to the physician about her values; the patient and physician discuss treatment options; both agree on the treatment to implement. Conclusion: Substantial congruence was found between the meaning of STDM as described in the framework and as perceived by study physicians. This supports use of the framework as a conceptual tool to guide research, compare different treatment decision-making approaches, clarify the meaning of STDM, and enhance its translation into practice.
44
Ospel, Johanna Maria, Nima Kashani, Alexis T. Wilson, et al. "Endovascular treatment decision in acute stroke: does physician gender matter? Insights from UNMASK EVT, an international, multidisciplinary survey." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 12, no. 3 (2019): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-015003.
Full textAbstract:
Background and purposeDifferences in the treatment practice of female and male physicians have been shown in several medical subspecialties. It is currently not known whether this also applies to endovascular stroke treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore whether there are differences in endovascular treatment decisions made by female and male stroke physicians and neurointerventionalists.MethodsIn an international survey, stroke physicians and neurointerventionalists were randomly assigned 10 case scenarios and asked how they would treat the patient: (A) assuming there were no external constraints and (B) given their local working conditions. Descriptive statistics were used to describe baseline demographics, and the adjusted OR for physician gender as a predictor of endovascular treatment decision was calculated using logistic regression.Results607 physicians (97 women, 508 men, 2 who did not wish to declare) participated in this survey. Physician gender was neither a significant predictor for endovascular treatment decision under assumed ideal conditions (endovascular therapy was favored by 77.0% of female and 79.3% of male physicians, adjusted OR 1.03, P=0.806) nor under current local resources (endovascular therapy was favored by 69.1% of female and 76.9% of male physicians, adjusted OR 1.03, P=0.814).ConclusionEndovascular therapy decision making between male and female physicians did not differ under assumed ideal conditions or under current local resources.
45
Khairat, Saif, Cameron Coleman, Paige Ottmar, Thomas Bice, Ross Koppel, and Shannon S. Carson. "Physicians’ gender and their use of electronic health records: findings from a mixed-methods usability study." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 12 (2019): 1505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz126.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective Physician burnout associated with EHRs is a major concern in health care. A comprehensive assessment of differences among physicians in the areas of EHR performance, efficiency, and satisfaction has not been conducted. The study sought to study relationships among physicians’ performance, efficiency, perceived workload, satisfaction, and usability in using the electronic health record (EHR) with comparisons by age, gender, professional role, and years of experience with the EHR. Materials and Methods Mixed-methods assessments of the medical intensivists' EHR use and perceptions. Using simulated cases, we employed standardized scales, performance measures, and extensive interviews. NASA Task Load Index (TLX), System Usability Scale (SUS), and Questionnaire on User Interface Satisfaction surveys were deployed. Results The study enrolled 25 intensive care unit (ICU) physicians (11 residents, 9 fellows, 5 attendings); 12 (48%) were men, with a mean age of 33 (range, 28-55) years and a mean of 4 (interquartile range, 2.0-5.5) years of Epic experience. Overall task performance scores were similar for men (90% ± 9.3%) and women (92% ± 4.4%), with no statistically significant differences (P = .374). However, female physicians demonstrated higher efficiency in completion time (difference = 7.1 minutes; P = .207) and mouse clicks (difference = 54; P = .13). Overall, men reported significantly higher perceived EHR workload stress compared with women (difference = 17.5; P &lt; .001). Men reported significantly higher levels of frustration with the EHR compared with women (difference = 33.15; P &lt; .001). Women reported significantly higher satisfaction with the ease of use of the EHR interface than men (difference = 0.66; P =.03). The women’s perceived overall usability of the EHR is marginally higher than that of the men (difference = 10.31; P =.06). Conclusions Among ICU physicians, we measured significant gender-based differences in perceived EHR workload stress, satisfaction, and usability—corresponding to objective patterns in EHR efficiency. Understanding the reasons for these differences may help reduce burnout and guide improvements to physician performance, efficiency, and satisfaction with EHR use. Design Mixed-methods assessments of the medical intensivists’ EHR use and perceptions. Using simulated cases, we employed standardized scales, performance measures, and extensive interviews.
46
Cartwright, Lillian Kaufman, and Paul Wink. "Personality Change in Women Physicians from Medical Student Years to Mid-40S." Psychology of Women Quarterly 18, no. 2 (1994): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb00456.x.
Full textAbstract:
Scales from the California Psychological Inventory's (CPI; Gough, 1987) Externality and Control clusters, in conjunction with a case study, were used to investigate personality change in a sample of women physicians who entered a Pacific Northwest medical school in 1964–1967. A core of 40 women was retested in their early 30s and mid-40s. From mid-20s to early 30s, the physicians' decreased scores on CPI's Sociability and Empathy scales indicated a greater internality. Decreases on the Responsibility and Good Impression scales indicated greater tendencies to question duties and obligations. An increase on the Achievement-via-Conformance scale indicated greater ability to achieve in structured situations. From early 30s to mid-40s, a further shift toward internality was evidenced by decreased scores on Social Presence and Self-Acceptance. Gains in leadership potential and increases on the Responsibility, Self-Control, Good Impression, and Achievement-via-Conformance scales were also noted.
47
Chow, Candace, Carrie L. Byington, Lenora M. Olson, Karl Ramirez, Shiya Zeng, and Ana Maria Lopez. "2175." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.164.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Knowing how to deliver culturally responsive care is of increasing importance as the nation’s patient population diversifies. However, unless cultural competence is taught with an emphasis on self-awareness (Wear, 2007) and critical consciousness (Kumagai and Lypson, 2009) learners find this education ineffective (Beagan, 2003). This study examines how physicians perceive their own social identities (eg, race, socio-economic status, gender, sexual orientation, religion, years of experience) and how these self-perceptions influence physician’s understandings of how to practice culturally responsive care. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This exploratory study took place at a university in the Intermountain West. We employed a qualitative case study method to investigate how academic physicians think about their identities and approaches to clinical care and research through interviews and observations. In total, 25 participants were enrolled in our study, with efforts to recruit a diverse sample with respect to gender and race as well as years of experience and specialty. Transcriptions of interviews and observations were coded using grounded theory. One major code that emerged was defining experiences: instances where physicians reflected on both personal and professional life encounters that have influenced how they think about themselves, how they understand an aspect of their identity, or why this identity matters. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Two main themes emerged from an analysis of the codes that show how physicians think about their identities and their approaches to practice. (1) Physicians with nondominant identities (women, non-White) could more easily explain what these identities mean to them than those with dominant identities (men, White). For example, women in medicine had much to say about being a woman in medicine, but men had barely anything to say about being a man in medicine. (2) There was a positive trend between the number of defining experiences a physician encountered in life and the number of connections they made between their identities and the manner in which they practiced, both clinically and academically. It appeared that physicians who have few defining experiences made few connections between identity and practice, those with a moderate number of experiences made a moderate number of connections, and those with many experiences made many connections. Physicians who mentioned having many defining experiences were more likely to be able to articulate how those experiences were incorporated into their approaches to patient care. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: (1) According to literature in multicultural education, those with dominant identities do not think about their identities because they do not have to (Johnson, 2001). One privilege of being part of the majority is not having to think about life from a minority perspective. This helps to explain why women and non-White physicians in this study had more anecdotes to share about these identities—because they have had defining experiences that prompt reflection on these identities. (2) We propose that struggles and conflict are what compel physicians to reflect on their practice (Eva et al., 2012). Our findings suggest that physicians are more prepared to apply what they have learned from their own identity struggles in delivering culturally responsive care when they have had more opportunities to reflect on these identities and situations. Findings from this study have implications for transforming approaches to medical education. We suggest that medical education should provide learners with the opportunity to reflect on their life experience, and that providers may need explicit instruction on how to make connections between their experiences and their practice.
48
Manne-Goehler, Jennifer, Neena Kapoor, Daniel Blumenthal, and Wendy Stead. "875. Sex Differences in Academic Achievement and Faculty Rank in Academic Infectious Diseases." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (2018): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy209.058.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Sex differences in faculty achievement in academic medicine have been described, but little is known about these differences in infectious diseases (ID). This study assesses differences in faculty rank between female and male infectious disease faculty with academic appointments at US medical schools. Methods We analyzed a complete database of US physicians with medical school faculty appointments in 2014. This database consists of a linkage between the American Association of Medical Colleges faculty roster and a comprehensive physician database from Doximity, a professional networking website for doctors and includes physician age, sex, years since residency completion, publications, National Institutes of Health grants, and registered clinical trials for all academic physicians by specialty. We estimated sex differences in key metrics of academic achievement, including publications and faculty rank, among faculty physicians within ID. Multivariable regression models with medical school-specific fixed effects were used to assess sex differences in full professorship by specialty and the relationship between these factors and achieving the rank of full professor within ID. Results Among 2,016 academic ID physicians [Female: 742 (37%)], women accounted for 48.1% of assistant professors, 39.7% of associate professors, and 19.2% of full professors, when compared with men at each level. Women faculty members were younger than men (mean: 48.4 years vs. 54.0 years, P &lt; 0.001) and had fewer total (mean: 24.1 vs. 37.8, P &lt; 0.001) and first/last author publications (mean: 16.7 vs. 32.2, P &lt; 0.001). In adjusted models, the rate of full professorship (vs. assistant or associate) among female compared with male infectious disease physicians was large and highly significant (absolute adjusted difference = −8.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −11.9% to −4.1%). This adjusted difference was greater in ID than in cardiology (−4.7%, 95% CI: −7.9% to −1.3%), hematology (−1.5%, 95% CI: −6.2% to 3.2%), or endocrinology (−0.2%, 95% CI: −4.9% to 4.6%). Conclusion Significant sex differences in publications and achieving the rank of full professor exist in academic ID, after adjustment for multiple factors known to influence these outcomes. Greater efforts should be made to address equity in academic ID. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
49
Hyman, Chris Stern. "Pain Management and Disciplinary Action: How Medical Boards Can Remove Barriers to Effective Treatment." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 24, no. 4 (1996): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1996.tb01876.x.
Full textAbstract:
The current debate about physician-assisted suicide and the question of whether patients would ask for such help if their pain were adequately controlled place in sharp focus the issue of undertreated pain. Studies have repeatedly documented the scope of the problem. A 1993 study of 897 physicians caring for cancer patients found that 86 percent of the physicians reported that most patients with cancer are undermedicated for their pain. A 1994 study found that noncancer patients receive even less adequate pain treatment than patients with cancer-related pain, and that minority patients, the elderly, and women were more likely than others to receive inadequate pain treatment. Although the problem of undertreatment of pain is multifaceted, I only address how state medical boards contribute to the problem and suggest possible remedies.The literature on palliative care describes the numerous barriers that impede effective pain management and that result in the inadequate prescribing of pain-relieving drugs for terminally and chronically ill patients.
50
Moskvitcheva, M. G., V. V. Sakharova, Yuriy A. Semenov, and I. V. Boyko. "The experience of functioning of oblast perinatal council of physicians on territory of the Chelyabinskaia oblast." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 22, no. 1 (2016): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2106-2016-22-1-4-6.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers organizational issues of functioning of the oblastnoii perinatal council of physicians related to maintenance of availability of obstetric-gynecologic care of pregnant women on territory of the Chelyabinskaia oblast. The analysis of functioning of oblast perinatal council of physicians “The oblastnoii perinatal center” is presented with purpose of increasing of effectiveness of medical care of pregnant women.