Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medicina del lavoro'
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Rizzi, Carlo. "Medicina e lavoro medico: la diabetologia al lavoro." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367837.
Full textMorsillo, Filomena <1972>. "Sindrome del Tunnel Carpale: una meta-analisi degli studi osservazionali." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2816/1/Morsillo_Filomena_tesi.pdf.
Full textMorsillo, Filomena <1972>. "Sindrome del Tunnel Carpale: una meta-analisi degli studi osservazionali." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2816/.
Full textIndiveri, Paolo <1977>. "Sviluppo di tecniche di analisi ifenate per la quantificazione di biomarcatori di esposizione a tossici ambientali: gli acidi mercapturici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1393/1/indiveri_paolo_tesi.pdf.
Full textIndiveri, Paolo <1977>. "Sviluppo di tecniche di analisi ifenate per la quantificazione di biomarcatori di esposizione a tossici ambientali: gli acidi mercapturici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1393/.
Full textBarbieri, Anna <1969>. "Valutazione del danno da stress ossidativo come indicatore di effetto biologico dell'esposizione professionale a xenobiotici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2155/1/Barbieri_Anna_TESI.pdf.
Full textBarbieri, Anna <1969>. "Valutazione del danno da stress ossidativo come indicatore di effetto biologico dell'esposizione professionale a xenobiotici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2155/.
Full textCurti, Stefania <1980>. "Distacco di retina e lavoro manuale: utilizzo delle schede di dimissione ospedaliera per uno studio di incidenza." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4353/1/Curti_Stefania_tesi.pdf.
Full textBackground. Candidate risk factors for idiopathic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) include heavy manual handling (requiring Valsalva’s maneuver). We assessed incidence rates of surgically treated idiopathic RRD among manual workers, non-manual workers and housewives resident in Tuscany, Italy. Methods. In Italy, both public and private hospitals are obliged to compile coded discharge records (including day-cases) for archival in patients’ regions of residence; Tuscan hospitals additionally record employment information, allowing classification of patients as manual workers, non-manual workers or full-time housewives. We retrieved all discharge records bearing a principal diagnosis corresponding to RRD (ICD-9 code 361.0–361.07, 361.9) coupled with retinal surgery (DRG code 36) for any resident of Tuscany during 1997-2009. After elimination of repeated admissions and patients with coexistent, associated conditions (including recent trauma), subjects aged 25–59 years were classified as manual workers, non-manual workers or housewives. We extracted population data from the 2001 census and calculated age- and sex-specific rates as well as age-standardized rates (per 100,000 person-years) based on the WHO Standard European Population. Results. We identified 1,946 eligible cases (1,142 men). Among men, manual workers experienced a 1.8-fold higher age-standardized rate than non-manual workers (17.4 [95% CI, 16.1–18.7] vs. 9.8 [95% CI, 8.8–10.8]). Age-standardized rates among women were 1.9-fold higher for manual workers (11.1 [95% CI, 9.8–12.3]) and 1.7-fold higher for housewives (9.5 [95% CI, 8.3–10.8]) than in non-manual workers (5.7 [95% CI, 4.8–6.6]). Conclusion. This large population-based study suggests that manual workers are affected by idiopathic RRD requiring surgical treatment, more often than non-manual workers. The higher rates of surgically treated RRD experienced by manual workers accord with the hypothesis that heavy manual handling has a causal role.
Curti, Stefania <1980>. "Distacco di retina e lavoro manuale: utilizzo delle schede di dimissione ospedaliera per uno studio di incidenza." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4353/.
Full textBackground. Candidate risk factors for idiopathic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) include heavy manual handling (requiring Valsalva’s maneuver). We assessed incidence rates of surgically treated idiopathic RRD among manual workers, non-manual workers and housewives resident in Tuscany, Italy. Methods. In Italy, both public and private hospitals are obliged to compile coded discharge records (including day-cases) for archival in patients’ regions of residence; Tuscan hospitals additionally record employment information, allowing classification of patients as manual workers, non-manual workers or full-time housewives. We retrieved all discharge records bearing a principal diagnosis corresponding to RRD (ICD-9 code 361.0–361.07, 361.9) coupled with retinal surgery (DRG code 36) for any resident of Tuscany during 1997-2009. After elimination of repeated admissions and patients with coexistent, associated conditions (including recent trauma), subjects aged 25–59 years were classified as manual workers, non-manual workers or housewives. We extracted population data from the 2001 census and calculated age- and sex-specific rates as well as age-standardized rates (per 100,000 person-years) based on the WHO Standard European Population. Results. We identified 1,946 eligible cases (1,142 men). Among men, manual workers experienced a 1.8-fold higher age-standardized rate than non-manual workers (17.4 [95% CI, 16.1–18.7] vs. 9.8 [95% CI, 8.8–10.8]). Age-standardized rates among women were 1.9-fold higher for manual workers (11.1 [95% CI, 9.8–12.3]) and 1.7-fold higher for housewives (9.5 [95% CI, 8.3–10.8]) than in non-manual workers (5.7 [95% CI, 4.8–6.6]). Conclusion. This large population-based study suggests that manual workers are affected by idiopathic RRD requiring surgical treatment, more often than non-manual workers. The higher rates of surgically treated RRD experienced by manual workers accord with the hypothesis that heavy manual handling has a causal role.
Zanardi, Francesca <1979>. "Studio caso-controllo multicentrico su distacco di retina e movimentazione manuale di carichi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5728/1/zanardi_francesca_tesi.pdf.
Full textBackground/Objectives To investigate the hypothesis that repeated lifting tasks could be a risk factor for retinal detachment. Methods Case-control study (case definition: surgically treated retinal detachment. Cases were identified among patients operated for retinal detachment in two large urban hospital in Bologna and Brescia. Controls were drawn from outpatients attending an eye clinic in the same catchment area. 104 cases and 173 controls (blind to the study hypothesis) responded to a structured questionnaire regarding individual, pathological and work-related factors possibly related to retinal detachment, including past/present occupational lifting tasks. Three lifting categories were defined based on the median “cumulative lifting index” (product of load, manoeuvres/hour and lifting-years) among manual workers: no lifting (reference category); light lifting; heavy lifting. Odds ratios for retinal detachment associated with “heavy”, “moderate” or “light” occupational lifting in an unconditional logistic regression model (adjusted for age and sex) were obtained. Results In addition to ocular surgery and myopia (known risk factors), an independent associations were recorded for heavy lifting (odds ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 9.0). Likelihood ratio tests did not reveal interactions between heavy lifting, ocular/cataract surgery and myopia. Conclusions The results support the plausible hypothesis that heavy occupational lifting (involving Valsalva’s manoeuvre) may be a relevant risk factor for retinal detachment. Moreover these preliminary results confirmed, as reported in literature, an increased risk of retinal detachment for myopic subjects and for those who have undergone cataract surgery. Our observations emphasize the importance of prevention especially in subjects involved in the manual handling of loads, particularly if short-sighted.
Zanardi, Francesca <1979>. "Studio caso-controllo multicentrico su distacco di retina e movimentazione manuale di carichi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5728/.
Full textBackground/Objectives To investigate the hypothesis that repeated lifting tasks could be a risk factor for retinal detachment. Methods Case-control study (case definition: surgically treated retinal detachment. Cases were identified among patients operated for retinal detachment in two large urban hospital in Bologna and Brescia. Controls were drawn from outpatients attending an eye clinic in the same catchment area. 104 cases and 173 controls (blind to the study hypothesis) responded to a structured questionnaire regarding individual, pathological and work-related factors possibly related to retinal detachment, including past/present occupational lifting tasks. Three lifting categories were defined based on the median “cumulative lifting index” (product of load, manoeuvres/hour and lifting-years) among manual workers: no lifting (reference category); light lifting; heavy lifting. Odds ratios for retinal detachment associated with “heavy”, “moderate” or “light” occupational lifting in an unconditional logistic regression model (adjusted for age and sex) were obtained. Results In addition to ocular surgery and myopia (known risk factors), an independent associations were recorded for heavy lifting (odds ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 9.0). Likelihood ratio tests did not reveal interactions between heavy lifting, ocular/cataract surgery and myopia. Conclusions The results support the plausible hypothesis that heavy occupational lifting (involving Valsalva’s manoeuvre) may be a relevant risk factor for retinal detachment. Moreover these preliminary results confirmed, as reported in literature, an increased risk of retinal detachment for myopic subjects and for those who have undergone cataract surgery. Our observations emphasize the importance of prevention especially in subjects involved in the manual handling of loads, particularly if short-sighted.
Graziosi, Francesca <1973>. "Fattori di rischio biomeccanico e valori limite di esposizione (TLV-ACGIH®) nell’ambito dello studio di coorte della sindrome del tunnel carpale occupazionale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6325/1/Graziosi_Francesca_tesi.pdf.
Full textOBJECTIVES: To explore the role of workplace physical factors, particularly repetition (hand activity level – HAL) and manual force (normalized peak force – PF), in the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), we studied a large cohort of industrial workers with reference to a threshold limit value (TLV©) proposed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). METHODS: Industrial workers were followed from 2000-2011. We classified subjects with respect to action limit (AL) and TLV. Case definitions were: (i) self-reported symptoms; and (ii) a combination of symptoms and positive nerve conduction studies (NCS). Poisson regression models including age, gender, body mass index, and presence of predisposing pathologies were conducted to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) of CTS. RESULTS: There were 1710 subjects with complete information at baseline and with at least one follow-up. We found an incidence rate (IR) of 4.1 per 100 person-years for CTS symptoms, and an IR of 1.3 per 100 person-years for CTS confirmed by NCS. “Unacceptable overload” (above TLV) was associated with a 1.76-fold risk of CTS symptoms, as compared with “acceptable load” (below the AL). A similar trend also emerged for CTS confirmed by NCS, but was not significant [IRR above TLV, 1.37 (95% confidence interval ( 95% CI) 0.84–2.23)]. Workers exposed between AL and TLV appeared at higher risk for CTS [IRR for symptoms, 3.31 (95% CI 2.39–4.59); IRR for symptoms and positive NCS, 2.56 (95% CI 1.47–4.43)]. HAL was a strong predictor of the outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS: Workplace risk factors contribute to the risk for CTS. Our study shows an increased risk for workers exposed between AL and TLV, suggesting that the current limits might not be sufficiently protective for some workers. Preventive efforts should target repetitive movements.
Graziosi, Francesca <1973>. "Fattori di rischio biomeccanico e valori limite di esposizione (TLV-ACGIH®) nell’ambito dello studio di coorte della sindrome del tunnel carpale occupazionale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6325/.
Full textOBJECTIVES: To explore the role of workplace physical factors, particularly repetition (hand activity level – HAL) and manual force (normalized peak force – PF), in the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), we studied a large cohort of industrial workers with reference to a threshold limit value (TLV©) proposed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). METHODS: Industrial workers were followed from 2000-2011. We classified subjects with respect to action limit (AL) and TLV. Case definitions were: (i) self-reported symptoms; and (ii) a combination of symptoms and positive nerve conduction studies (NCS). Poisson regression models including age, gender, body mass index, and presence of predisposing pathologies were conducted to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) of CTS. RESULTS: There were 1710 subjects with complete information at baseline and with at least one follow-up. We found an incidence rate (IR) of 4.1 per 100 person-years for CTS symptoms, and an IR of 1.3 per 100 person-years for CTS confirmed by NCS. “Unacceptable overload” (above TLV) was associated with a 1.76-fold risk of CTS symptoms, as compared with “acceptable load” (below the AL). A similar trend also emerged for CTS confirmed by NCS, but was not significant [IRR above TLV, 1.37 (95% confidence interval ( 95% CI) 0.84–2.23)]. Workers exposed between AL and TLV appeared at higher risk for CTS [IRR for symptoms, 3.31 (95% CI 2.39–4.59); IRR for symptoms and positive NCS, 2.56 (95% CI 1.47–4.43)]. HAL was a strong predictor of the outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS: Workplace risk factors contribute to the risk for CTS. Our study shows an increased risk for workers exposed between AL and TLV, suggesting that the current limits might not be sufficiently protective for some workers. Preventive efforts should target repetitive movements.
Valpiani, Giorgia <1974>. "Fattori eziologici della Sindrome del Tunnel Carpale: una revisione sistematica con meta-analisi degli studi analitici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6328/1/VALPIANI_GIORGIA_TESI.pdf.
Full textOBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to synthesize the evidence on the potential relationship between work-related and personal risk factors and the occurrence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching in multiple databases for case-control and cohort studies on risk factors for CTS. We assessed study reporting using STROBE checklist. The associations between risk factors and CTS were expressed in OR (95%CI). We combined the study-specific estimates with a random effects meta-analysis model. We assessed publication bias by observing funnel plot asymmetry and performing the Egger’s test to ascertain bias due to small studies. RESULTS: We identified 29 studies of which 19 were included in meta-analysis: 13 case-control and 6 cohort studies. The meta-analysis of 11 studies showed a significant increase of CTS for obese subjects in case-control studies [OR 2.4, 95%CI 1.9-3.1; I(2)=70.7%] and in cohort studies [OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.6-2.7; I(2)=0%]. Heterogeneity was significant overall (I(2)=59.6%, 11 studies). Results for diabetes subjects and thyroid diseases were similar. Smoking exposure was not associated to CTS in case-control studies [OR 0.7, 95%CI 0.4-1.1; I(2)=83.2%] and in cohort studies [OR 0.8, 95%CI 0.6-1.2; I(2)=45.8%]. No meta-analysis was conducted for work-related risk factors due to different ways of detecting exposures. The occurrence of CTS was associated with exposure to vibration, repetitive movements and hand-wrist awkward postures. The psycho-social risk factors have no association with CTS. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides consistent indications that CTS is associated with the personal risk factors. Based on the different quality of exposure data and the difference in effect by study design, our findings indicate sufficient evidence for a link between work-related risk factors and the occurrence of CTS. Objective prospective exposure measurement, especially for work-related risk factors, is needed in future studies.
Valpiani, Giorgia <1974>. "Fattori eziologici della Sindrome del Tunnel Carpale: una revisione sistematica con meta-analisi degli studi analitici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6328/.
Full textOBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to synthesize the evidence on the potential relationship between work-related and personal risk factors and the occurrence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching in multiple databases for case-control and cohort studies on risk factors for CTS. We assessed study reporting using STROBE checklist. The associations between risk factors and CTS were expressed in OR (95%CI). We combined the study-specific estimates with a random effects meta-analysis model. We assessed publication bias by observing funnel plot asymmetry and performing the Egger’s test to ascertain bias due to small studies. RESULTS: We identified 29 studies of which 19 were included in meta-analysis: 13 case-control and 6 cohort studies. The meta-analysis of 11 studies showed a significant increase of CTS for obese subjects in case-control studies [OR 2.4, 95%CI 1.9-3.1; I(2)=70.7%] and in cohort studies [OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.6-2.7; I(2)=0%]. Heterogeneity was significant overall (I(2)=59.6%, 11 studies). Results for diabetes subjects and thyroid diseases were similar. Smoking exposure was not associated to CTS in case-control studies [OR 0.7, 95%CI 0.4-1.1; I(2)=83.2%] and in cohort studies [OR 0.8, 95%CI 0.6-1.2; I(2)=45.8%]. No meta-analysis was conducted for work-related risk factors due to different ways of detecting exposures. The occurrence of CTS was associated with exposure to vibration, repetitive movements and hand-wrist awkward postures. The psycho-social risk factors have no association with CTS. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides consistent indications that CTS is associated with the personal risk factors. Based on the different quality of exposure data and the difference in effect by study design, our findings indicate sufficient evidence for a link between work-related risk factors and the occurrence of CTS. Objective prospective exposure measurement, especially for work-related risk factors, is needed in future studies.
Marinelli, Francesco <1980>. "Mobi - kids - rischio di tumori cerebrali ed esposizione a campi a radiofrequenza nei bambini e negli adolescenti." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6907/1/Tesi_di_Dottorato_Marinelli_Francesco.pdf.
Full textIntroduction. The rapid increase in mobile phone use in young people as generated concern about possible health effects of exposure to radiofrequency and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF). Objectives. Mobi-Kids, a multinational case–control study, investigates the potential effects of childhood and adolescent exposure to EMF from mobile communications technologies on brain tumor risk in 14countries, within which lies the one conducted in 4 Italian Regions (Piedmont, Lombardy, Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna).Materials and methods. The target study population consists of all males and females aged 10–24 years residing in the study region with a confirmed diagnosis of an eligible first primary brain tumor diagnosed during the study period (3 years). Two hospital-based control s(who underwent an appendectomy for suspected diagnosis of appendicitis) are selected for each case, and matched on: sex, age and geographic area of residence. Results. As of June 2014, in Italy were interviewed, 106 cases and 191 controls; in Emilia-Romagna were recruited 21 cases and 20 controls. Participation rates were 81% and 65% among cases and controls, respectively. The study population in Emilia-Romagna (41 total subjects), has slightly more males (61%) than females, and more participants (44%) in the youngest age range (10-14). Of the 21 cases who have been interviewed, 7 (33%) have two interviewed controls and 6 (29%) have at least one identified control. Conclusions. The advantages of Mobi-Kids include its large sample size – it will be the largest study to date on this topic in young people. Despite the various challenges faced by the study team, our experience thus far in developing and implementing the study protocol indicates that Mobi-Kids is feasible and will generate results contributing to the understanding of potential brain tumor risks associated with use of mobile phones and other wireless communication technologies among young people.
Marinelli, Francesco <1980>. "Mobi - kids - rischio di tumori cerebrali ed esposizione a campi a radiofrequenza nei bambini e negli adolescenti." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6907/.
Full textIntroduction. The rapid increase in mobile phone use in young people as generated concern about possible health effects of exposure to radiofrequency and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF). Objectives. Mobi-Kids, a multinational case–control study, investigates the potential effects of childhood and adolescent exposure to EMF from mobile communications technologies on brain tumor risk in 14countries, within which lies the one conducted in 4 Italian Regions (Piedmont, Lombardy, Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna).Materials and methods. The target study population consists of all males and females aged 10–24 years residing in the study region with a confirmed diagnosis of an eligible first primary brain tumor diagnosed during the study period (3 years). Two hospital-based control s(who underwent an appendectomy for suspected diagnosis of appendicitis) are selected for each case, and matched on: sex, age and geographic area of residence. Results. As of June 2014, in Italy were interviewed, 106 cases and 191 controls; in Emilia-Romagna were recruited 21 cases and 20 controls. Participation rates were 81% and 65% among cases and controls, respectively. The study population in Emilia-Romagna (41 total subjects), has slightly more males (61%) than females, and more participants (44%) in the youngest age range (10-14). Of the 21 cases who have been interviewed, 7 (33%) have two interviewed controls and 6 (29%) have at least one identified control. Conclusions. The advantages of Mobi-Kids include its large sample size – it will be the largest study to date on this topic in young people. Despite the various challenges faced by the study team, our experience thus far in developing and implementing the study protocol indicates that Mobi-Kids is feasible and will generate results contributing to the understanding of potential brain tumor risks associated with use of mobile phones and other wireless communication technologies among young people.
Farioli, Andrea <1981>. "Malattie cardiovascolari tra i lavoratori dei servizi di emergenza. Fattori di rischio personali e professionali, impatto e strategie preventive." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7663/1/Farioli_Andrea_tesi.pdf.
Full textBackground. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major cause of on-duty death among US emergency workers. We conducted a research project aimed to: 1) assessing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases; 2) identifying occupational triggers of SCD; 3) describing the prevalence of personal cardiovascular risk factors among US emergency workers. Methods. We performed separate investigations among firefighters and law enforcement officers. We obtained data on cardiovascular deaths from national databases maintained by federal agencies and we conducted a series of nationwide surveys. Main results. Between 1998 and 2012, the incidence rate of SCD among US career firefighters was 18.1 per 100,000 person-years. Coronary heart disease was the leading underlying cause of death. Among young firefighters (≤ 45 years), 63% of deaths were observed among obese subjects. This observation is in line with our study on firefighters’ diet, which highlighted the need for dietary intervention in order to decrease the extremely high prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of active firefighters. Two independent studies showed that stressful duties (e.g. fire suppression or restraints and physical altercation) are important trigger of SCD (relative risks>30) among firefighters and law enforcement officers. Conclusions. The burden of sudden cardiac death among emergency workers is a major concern. On the one hand, emergency workers showed an unacceptably high prevalence of traditional risk factors, which were the main contributors of the observed incidence of coronary artery disease. On the other hand, law enforcement and firefighting involve extremely strenuous duties with may trigger cardiovascular events among susceptible individuals. The primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in these populations must be considered a priority. In particular, dietary intervention might be particularly effective in decreasing the burden of SCD among emergency workers. As a secondary prevention strategy, emergency workers should receive sufficient evaluation to exclude underlying heart disease.
Farioli, Andrea <1981>. "Malattie cardiovascolari tra i lavoratori dei servizi di emergenza. Fattori di rischio personali e professionali, impatto e strategie preventive." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7663/.
Full textBackground. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major cause of on-duty death among US emergency workers. We conducted a research project aimed to: 1) assessing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases; 2) identifying occupational triggers of SCD; 3) describing the prevalence of personal cardiovascular risk factors among US emergency workers. Methods. We performed separate investigations among firefighters and law enforcement officers. We obtained data on cardiovascular deaths from national databases maintained by federal agencies and we conducted a series of nationwide surveys. Main results. Between 1998 and 2012, the incidence rate of SCD among US career firefighters was 18.1 per 100,000 person-years. Coronary heart disease was the leading underlying cause of death. Among young firefighters (≤ 45 years), 63% of deaths were observed among obese subjects. This observation is in line with our study on firefighters’ diet, which highlighted the need for dietary intervention in order to decrease the extremely high prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of active firefighters. Two independent studies showed that stressful duties (e.g. fire suppression or restraints and physical altercation) are important trigger of SCD (relative risks>30) among firefighters and law enforcement officers. Conclusions. The burden of sudden cardiac death among emergency workers is a major concern. On the one hand, emergency workers showed an unacceptably high prevalence of traditional risk factors, which were the main contributors of the observed incidence of coronary artery disease. On the other hand, law enforcement and firefighting involve extremely strenuous duties with may trigger cardiovascular events among susceptible individuals. The primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in these populations must be considered a priority. In particular, dietary intervention might be particularly effective in decreasing the burden of SCD among emergency workers. As a secondary prevention strategy, emergency workers should receive sufficient evaluation to exclude underlying heart disease.
Rizzello, Emanuele <1988>. "Radiazioni ionizzanti come fattore di rischio per l'insorgenza del mesotelioma maligno: revisione della letteratura scientifica e analisi dei registri "Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results" (SEER)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9725/1/Tesi%20PhD%20Emanuele%20Rizzello.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this research work was to study the risk of developing mesothelioma in subjects exposed to ionizing radiation. This thesis consists of a scientific literature review and an analysis of the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and Final Results) database. The review was designed to investigate the relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation (external beam radiation therapy, EBRT, or occupational exposure) and the onset of mesothelioma. After screening 4104 items, the research led to a qualitative analysis of 19 studies in the literature; a meta-analysis was also carried out on 16 papers, that respected the inclusion criteria and reported all data we needed. A general risk estimate was found to be equal to 1.87 with 95% CI: 1.44-2.29. The analysis of the SEER database focused on the study of the risk to develop peritoneal mesothelioma as a second malignancy in subjects with localized prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy. In the study period between 1973 and 2015, 38 peritoneal mesotheliomas (as second neoplasm) were identified: 17 among patients previously treated with radiotherapy. The Hazard Ratio (HR) for EBRT, relative to non-irradiated patients, was found to be 1.72, with a 95% (CI) of 0.90-3.29. From the data analysis of SEER registries and scientific literature review on both high dose (EBRT) and low and fractionated dose (occupational exposure) exposures, an increased risk of developing mesothelioma after ionizing radiation exposure was highlighted. The last chapter on this thesis work reports all the papers I published in the field of Occupational Medicine, completed during the PhD programme.
Staffolani, Sara. "Effetto carcinogenico delle polveri di legno: riparo del DNA e mutazioni EGFR/HRAS." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242088.
Full textBased on epidemiological studies, wood dusts, especially from hardwood, are classified by IARC as carcinogenic to humans. It was hypothesized that inspired dusts settle in various segments of respiratory sistem where they can trigger toxic and inflammatory mechanisms; in a long latency, this could induce a malignant transformation of cells. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying the carcinogenity of wood dusts is unclear. The aim of this study is the investigation of the carcinogenic potential of two dusts from hardwoods (Oak, Padouk) and two from softwoods (Pine, Fir). Our results show that wood dust induce a ROS-mediated DNA damage which causes the accumulation of oxidized purine and pyrimidine bases. These lesions are associated with a phenotypic change of the cells that acquire the ability to grow in an anchorage-independent manner. The cells transformed by the long exposure to wood dusts show a mitochondrial alteration and an increased number of autophagosomes, as well as an increased replicative capacity. The main characteristic of transformed cells is a down-regulation of the OGG1 gene that prevents the repair of the main mutagenic base (FPG sites) produced from ROS. The carcinogenicity of wood dusts also seems to involve the EGFR pathway: all transformed cells have a deletion in exon 19 of the EGFR gene (c.2236_2250del15) and a substitution in exon 1 of the HRAS gene (35G> A). Although the magnitude of the effect is different, the results show that different wood dusts may act with common mechanisms of carcinogenicity, without distinction of their classification as hard or soft wood.
CIPOLLONE, CLAUDIA. "Studio della risposta anticorpale alla vaccinazione anti-SARS-CoV-2 in una popolazione di operatori sanitari di una ASL del Centro Italia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11697/192080.
Full textROBBA, CHIARA. "Ultrasound-based non invasive intracranial pressure." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/931191.
Full textMASSA, EMANUELA. "Prevenzione della diffusione dei contagi COVID-19 nei luoghi di lavoro. L’esperienza di un cantiere di grandi opere nel periodo gennaio-novembre 2021." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1078638.
Full textPunzi, S. "Mobbing, violenza psicologica sul lavoro : modalità di esercizio e ripercussioni sulla salute : una ricerca in ambito clinico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/64455.
Full textRota, F. "AN IN VITRO STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS INDUCED BY PARTICULATE MATTER AND NANOPARTICLES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/169978.
Full textBarberi, C. E. "INTERVENTO DI PROMOZIONE DELLA SALUTE SUGLI STILI DI VITA PER IL PERSONALE DIPENDENTE DI UN GRANDE OSPEDALE MILANESE: VALUTAZIONE DELL'EFFICACIA DI UNA TECNICA DI COUNSELING MOTIVAZIONALE BREVE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/486800.
Full textAnelli, M. M. "IL SONNO NEL LAVORO A TURNI: CONFRONTO TRA TURNI "3X8" E "2X12"." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/232493.
Full textGinestrini, Simone. "Studio della valutazione del rischio da sovraccarico biomeccanico tramite dispositivi di misura del movimento." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
Find full textBIANCHI, Giacomo. "La valutazione del rischio stress lavoro correlato nelle piccole e medie imprese." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/32814.
Full textCANTARELLA, CARLO. "L'IMPATTO DELL¿INVECCHIAMENTO SULLA CAPACITÀ LAVORATIVA E SULLA SALUTE DEI LAVORATORI TURNISTI E NON TURNISTI NEL SETTORE SANITARIO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/2434/951504.
Full textIntroduction and Objectives In the context of accelerating technical and organizational changes at work and increasing life expectancy, the delayed retirement paradigm makes it important for people to remain healthy and professionally active longer than before. The interaction between age and working conditions (working hours, workload, stress, etc.) can have a significant effect on important outcomes such as work ability (performance efficiency, errors, accidents) and health (e.g., sleep, psychosomatic symptoms, chronic diseases). Aging can lead to reduced tolerance to shift and night work through a mechanism of weakening the circadian system, resulting from molecular, epigenetic, and functional changes in the biological clock. As a result, health deterioration with advancing age may be more pronounced in shift workers than in day workers. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of working time organization (night shift work or day work) on some biological functions and health conditions of aging workers, after adjusting for relevant contextual factors. Specifically, age-related changes were assessed in relation to exposure to night shift work with regard to interference with perceived health and well-being, hormonal patterning, and biological age. Materials and Methods Twenty-seven hundred and seventy-four shift and daily healthcare workers of both sexes and aged 24-66 years (divided into three age groups 24-35; 36-50; 51-66) were recruited from different departments of the Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano. The study sample includes all healthcare personnel (nurses, medical assistants, auxiliary staff, laboratory and radiology technicians) with a work history of at least one year; physicians were excluded from the recruitment. Data collected for each study subject through self-administered questionnaires included: demographic data, medical history, job task and seniority, socioeconomic/work conditions, shift work, work ability (Work Ability Index - WAI), stress (Effort/Reward Imbalance Index - ERI-I), physical and mental well-being. In addition, a number of biomolecular markers were assessed through blood samples to evaluate two factors: 1) levels of steroid hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (stress hormones) and sex hormones; and 2) relative telomere length as an epigenetic and biological age expression marker. Blood samples were collected in the morning (between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m.) after a normal night's sleep from a rest day or previous day shift. Subjects were assigned to nine different departments: High Intensity Care Internal Medicine (MIAIC), Emergency Surgery (CDU), Analytical Laboratories (virology, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, cytogenetics, pathological anatomy), Radiology, Neuroradiology, Occupational Medicine, Adult Intensive Care Unit (VECLA) and Pediatric, and Puerperium. Results Seventy-two percent of participants were female and 28% male, with an average age of 42 years. The most frequent job title is nurse (57%), followed by laboratory/radiology technician (24%) and OSS/ASA (19%). Fifty-nine percent of the participants work one or two day shifts (morning and afternoon), while 41% work three shifts including night shift. Eighty percent of subjects reported a good balance (ERI-I ≤1) between workload and rewards, while 84% of participants reported a high WAI score (>36), reflecting “good” or “excellent” work ability. Multivariate analyses did not show an effect of night shift on stress and performance indicators, although a negative influence of work stress on work ability emerged. Regarding hormones, the comparison of male and female hormone levels reflects the physiological difference in the general population, as well as the tendency for blood concentrations to decrease with increasing age. Mean levels of cortisol, cortisone, and corticosterone were found to be higher in female workers and particularly in night shift workers. Estradiol was found to be higher in female shift workers than in female day shift workers, especially in young shift workers, with a downward trend as age increased. Multivariate analyses, however, did not show an effect of night shift on hormones. Regarding the possible influence of perceived work-related stress (ERI-I) on stress hormones (cortisol axis), a slightly positive, although not statistically significant, trend was observed between increased ERI-I scores and cortisol blood levels. Analysis of mean telomere length values showed female workers to be longer than their male counterparts. Stratifying by shift type, in the lower age groups telomere length was greater among daytime workers, while in the higher age group telomere length was always greater among night shift workers. Multivariate analyses showed no significant effects of shift type, indicators of well-being/work ability (ERI-I/WAI) and hormonal blood values on telomere length. Discussion and Conclusion The study sample was representative of the hospital’s working population. Regarding indicators of well-being and work performance, most employees reported favorable scores for all scales, reflecting satisfactory working conditions. A negative association was observed between WAI and ERI-I scores: a decrease in work capacity corresponds to an increase in ERI-I scores, reflecting a negative influence of work stress on work capacity, although not statistically significant. The comparison of male and female hormone levels reflects the physiological difference in the general population as well as the tendency to decrease with aging, for almost all hormones. Interestingly, night-shift workers showed higher serum levels of all hormones analyzed than daily workers. In particular, cortisol was higher in female night-shift workers. However, no association was observed between hormone levels and stress conditions (ERI-I). Higher levels of estradiol were also found in night-shift women, and since some experimental studies have identified estrogen as one of the risk factors for breast cancer, it would be important to ensure closer health surveillance for night-shift women workers, especially those with a family history of breast cancer. Regarding epigenetic markers, telomere length was not found to be affected by type of work shift, well-being/performance indicators or blood hormone levels. The higher values in night shift workers over 50 may be explained by the so-called Healthy Worker Effect. The pandemic that began in March 2020 unfortunately affected adversely the progress of the study, stopping it altogether due to the inability to interfere with hospital activity. One of the main objectives set in the project design was the analysis of the trend of biomolecular markers contextualized with the work characteristics of the study population. Since this type of marker is based on biological mechanisms that change and show their effect over time, a longitudinal development of the study could have emphasized more this effect of biomolecular markers in the specific context of shift work. The study, however, provides additional data on the field of biological markers in association with work ability and psychophysical health, including possible epigenetic changes (telomere length and biological age). The combined use of self-reported data together with biomolecular indicators and reports on work organization can provide better insight into the aging process of the workforce. These findings can sensitize the relevant and responsible authorities toward interventions aimed at maintaining the well-being and health of hospital staff, and useful in selecting appropriate prevention targets.
Bollati, V. "Changes in methylation pattern among workers exposed to low doses of benzene." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/60902.
Full textBurgazzi, E. "ASPETTI GIURIDICI E MEDICO-LEGALI NELLA VALUTAZIONE DELL'IMPATTO SULLA SALUTE DEL LAVORO A TURNI E NOTTURNO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/263183.
Full textFICHERA, GIUSEPPE PAOLO. "Minaccia all'integrità fisica nei luoghi di lavoro : conseguenze sulla salute psichica e aspetti di prevenzione secondaria." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/60897.
Full textTiramani, M. P. "Dispositivi di protezione individuale nella valutazione del rischio da antiparassitari: definizione, ruolo, armonizzazione." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/61195.
Full textManzella, Nicola. "Regolazione circadiana del sistema di riparo del danno ossidativo al DNA." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242834.
Full textMammalian cells possess a cell-autonomous molecular clock which controls the timing of many biochemical reactions including the cellular response to environmental stimuli such as genotoxic stress through the modulation of the DNA damage repair. Our goal was to investigate whether the activity of oxidative DNA damage repair by Base excision repair displayed a circadian rhythm. We sought to evaluate plasma cortisol and melatonin rhythms as well as clock gene expression and BER system activity in lymphocytes collected from 12 healthy subjects every 4h for a 24h period. Our results showed that all subjects had physiological daily rhythms in plasmatic melatonin and cortisol as well as clock gene expression (Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1,Cry2 e Rev-Erbα) as previously demonstrated in other studies. We find that base excision repair is highest in the morning hours and is at its lowest in the evening/night hours. This result could explain higher levels of oxidative purines (8-oxoG) observed in the evening hours compared to morning hours. The circadian oscillation of the repair capacity is caused mainly by the circadian oscillation of the hOGG1 glycosidase. In parallel with the rhythmicity of repair rate, we find that lymphocytes exposed ex vivo to oxidative damage at 08:00 PM display a greater accumulation of 8-oxoG than lymphocytes exposed at 08:00 A.M. In vitro a Shock Serum treatment-mediated circadian oscillation of Ogg1 expression in a fibroblasts line (HuDe) paralleled to a robust clock genes variation in 24h is abolished when clock molecular fluctuation is down-regulated. A further evidence linking molecular clock and BER system is explained by the finding that a deregulation of clock gene expression observed in a shift workers group results in an alteration of Ogg1 expression compared to a control group. We conclude that time of day of exposure could result in a different repair capacity as well as susceptibility possibly due to a circadian regulation of 8-oxoG repair.
Bordini, L. "LA RICERCA SISTEMATICA DEI TUMORI PROFESSIONALI: ATTIVAZIONE E PRIMI RISULTATI DEL REGISTRO TUMORI DEI SENI NASALI E PARANASALI DELLA LOMBARDIA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/152896.
Full textBorsetti, Simone. "Dallo stress lavoro correlato al burnout negli operatori sanitari: studio pilota per la valutazione di un protocollo di ricerca." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243055.
Full textFrom work-repeated stress to burnout in health operators: a pilot study evaluating a research protocol Dr. Simone Borsetti* * Psychologist-Psychotherapist, Clinic of Occupational Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy KEYWORDS: Work-related stress; burnout; personality characteristics; health operators Background: There are numerous studies on stress, burnout, and on the link of stress with a variety of job sectors. However, existing work does not explore how strongly personality may positively or negatively affect the perception of stress, linking personological traits to the effect of exposure to stress. Likewise, factors outside the work sphere, that may combine with work-related factors to either increase or decrease stress, have not been adequately taken into account. Research to date has been limited to the independent analysis of individual aspects (e.g. work-related stress, the burnout of certain operators, etc.) of a phenomenon which is, instead, multidimensional with components tightly coupled in a dynamical equilibrium. In particular, no study has yet looked at multiple factors simultaneously examining the possible correlations between work-related, work-exogenous, environmental, relational, and psychological factors. Objectives and Methods: Given the lack of research investigating and analysing the correlation between the aforementioned factors, the objective of this pilot study is to propose and evaluate the effectiveness of a methodology and corresponding detection tools to do so. Results: Answers to certain questions about work-related stress, such as the importance and interaction of different factors in causing the discomfort of operators up to the appearance of clinical disorders or burnout. Conclusions: This study reveals the diversity of factors involved in work-related stress and burnout and demonstrates the usefulness of a tool for multidimensional investigation in their diagnosis and in the subsequent planning for the management of problems faced by workers.
Neri, L. "CAPACITÀ DI LAVORO E QUALITÀ DELLA VITA IN PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA INSUFFICIENZA RENALE CRONICA: IMPATTO DELLA SEVERITÀ DELLA MALATTIA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/152897.
Full textCiarapica, Veronica. "Esposizione occupazionale ad insetticidi organofosforici in agricoltura: valutazione dei rischi e studio degli effetti genotossici." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243072.
Full textThe widespread use of pesticides is associated with potential health risks for farmers that may not be properly evaluated, owing to some particularities of agricultural work sector that make difficult the proper evaluation of the chemical risks. The aim of this work is to investigate the chemical risk and the genotoxic effects of occupational exposures to organophosphorus insecticides. A questionnaire was administered to 28 farms to assess which pesticides have been used and their mode of utilization. Six workers involved in the distribution of two organophosphorus insecticides were enrolled. Two algorithms were applied to estimate the chemical risk and the potential adsorbed dose, inhaled and absorbed through the skin, was calculated. Acetylcholinesterase activity and DNA damage and repair were determined. Our algorithms attributed the higher risk at the “mixture preparation” phase. However, the calculation of the potential absorbed dose revealed a higher risk during the “distribution” phase. A reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity, an increase of DNA damage and a reduced DNA repair ability were found in farmers although these findings do not achieve the statistical significance. In vitro tests confirmed the genotoxic potential of prolonged exposition to two insecticides. Exposures to pesticides in small farms are not free from health risks. Our results recommend that care should be taken during the “distribution” phase where the accidental skin contact may be the major mode of absorption. In conclusion, the possible absorbed doses and the potential genotoxic effects highlight the importance of a proper chemical risk assessment and prevention strategies in small farms.
Pasqua, di Bisceglie Anita. "Inquinamento domestico da radizioni non ionizzanti." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422475.
Full textLo scopo dello studio è quantificare l’inquinamento domestico da campi elettromagnetici in un campione di abitazioni all’interno del comune di Padova e di confrontarlo con i limiti di legge attualmente in vigore. Lo spettro elettromagnetico di interesse è quello delle radiazioni non ionizzanti caratterizzate da frequenza compresa tra 0 e 300 GHz. Di queste distinguiamo, per convenzione, le radiazioni elettromagnetiche a bassa frequenza comprese tra 0 Hz e 300 Hz e le alte frequenze tra 300 Hz e 300 GHz. Nell’ambito delle radiazioni a bassa frequenza quelle di maggior interesse sono le radiazioni con frequenza pari a 50 Hz chiamate anche ELF (Extremely Low Frequency), proprie della corrente alternata della rete elettrica. Quest’ultima comprende nell’ambiente esterno le linee ad alta e media tensione ossia le centrali elettriche, gli elettrodotti, e le cabine di trasformazione. All’interno delle abitazioni vi sono poi molteplici fonti di radiazioni a bassa frequenza rappresentate dagli elettrodomestici e dai dispositivi elettrici in genere collegati alla linea di bassa tensione; negli ultimi anni nelle abitazioni si stanno diffondendo nuovi dispositivi in grado di emettere radiazioni a bassa frequenza, quali gli inverter degli impianti fotovoltaici. Le principali fonti di campi elettromagnetici ad alta frequenza, esterne alle abitazioni, sono gli impianti di readiotelecomunicazione, le stazioni radio-base per la telefonia mobile, gli impianti satellitari, i sistemi wi-fi, i radar ecc. In ambiente domestico, invece, è interessante rilevare che, negli ultimi vent’anni, è andato aumentando in maniera esponenziale l’utilizzo di apparecchi emettitori di onde ad alta frequenza di uso assai comune quali forni a microonde, telefoni cellulari, telefoni cordless, router wi-fi, baby-call, lampadine a basso consumo, sistemi di allarme ed antifurto. Durante lo studio sono state condotte misure di campi elettromagnetici sia ad alta che a bassa frequenza all’interno delle abitazioni, valutando il contributo sia delle fonti interne, che da quelle esterne ad esse. La strumentazione utilizzata è costituita dall’analizzatore portatile di campi elettromagnetici a banda larga PMM 8053 che, collegato a sonde diverse, è in grado di coprire un range tra i 5 Hz e i 40 GHz. Per le misure in continuo di campi elettromagnetici a bassa frequenza, sono invece stati utilizzati i misuratori Emdex II ed Emdex Lite, che coprono intervalli di frequenza compresi tra 40 e 800 Hz e tra 40 Hz e 1 kHz rispettivamente. Al fine di valutare l’andamento dell’irraggiamento nell’intorno di apparecchi interni alle abitazioni, sono state pianificate misurazioni a distanze crescenti dalla fonte di emissione. Viceversa le misure mirate a quantificare l’inquinamento domestico dovuto alle fonti esterne alle abitazioni (elettrodotti, cabine di trasformazione, stazioni radio-base) hanno richiesto un campionamento di tipo fisso, della durata di almeno 24 ore. I valori ottenuti misurando radiazioni elettromagnetiche a bassa frequenza da sorgenti presenti all’interno delle abitazioni, quali gli elettrodomestici di uso comune, non sono significativamente alti. Fanno eccezione quelli relativamente elevati (oltre 50 µT) riscontrati in prossimità degli inverter degli impianti fotovoltaici che comunque si riducono a valori inferiori o prossimi all’1 µT, già ad un metro di distanza dall’inverter stesso. Analizzati nel loro insieme i dati raccolti nella misurazione dei campi magnetici domestici risultano inferiori al valore di riferimento di 100 µT stabilito dalla Comunità Europea nel 1999. Tale valore è da considerarsi protettivo rispetto ai soli effetti acuti dovuti agli ELF, quali l’induzione di correnti elettriche all’interno dell’organismo. Riguardo agli effetti a lungo termine indotti dai campi elettromagnetici a bassa frequenza, la comunità scientifica non è giunta a conclusioni univoche, sebbene siano noti da diversi anni gli studi internazionali che evidenziano un aumentato rischio di sviluppare leucemia infantile nelle popolazioni esposte a ELF superiori agli 0,3-0,4 µT emessi dagli elettrodotti. Tali riscontri hanno indotto l’International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) ad assumere una posizione prudenziale, classificando gli ELF come possibili cancerogeni per l’uomo. I dati ottenuti in relazione alle sorgenti di campi elettromagnetici ad alta frequenza presenti nelle abitazioni da noi considerate evidenziano intensità di campi elettrici non irrilevanti, se misurati in prossimità della fonte (distanza di 10 cm). Come atteso, i valori ottenuti decrescono drasticamente allontanandosi dalla sorgente e non superano in ogni caso i valori di riferimento, posti dalla Raccomandazione del Consiglio della Comunità Europea del 12 luglio 1999. Ancora una volta, tali valori limite fanno riferimento ai soli effetti acuti sperimentalmente testati, quali l’innalzamento di temperatura nei tessuti biologici indotto dalle radiofrequenze. Per quanto riguarda gli effetti a lungo termine dovuti all’esposizione a radiofrequenze, la letteratura scientifica riporta risultati discordi, tanto che la IARC si è recentemente espressa mantenendo una posizione possibilistica relativamente al rapporto tra radiofrequenze prodotte dai telefoni cellulari e neoplasie. In quest’ottica viene proposta una strategia cautelativa di assunzione di “distanze di sicurezza” almeno rispetto a quegli apparecchi le cui emissioni risultano più elevate (es. forni a microonde) o il cui utilizzo può essere protratto per diverse ore al giorno, come nell’utilizzo di telefoni cellulari o cordless o per i sistemi wi-fi. Un altro aspetto importante considerato del presente studio è rappresentato dall’irraggiamento percepito nelle abitazioni di campi elettromagnetici generati da sorgenti esterne ad esse. Le sorgenti a bassa frequenza considerate nello studio cono state le cabine di trasformazione e gli elettrodotti. I valori di campo magnetico misurati nelle abitazioni poste sotto o in prossimità degli elettrodotti risultano non trascurabili, pur sempre inferiori al limite di 100 µT e al valore di attenzione di 10 µT stabiliti dalla norma, ma prossimi in alcuni casi all’obiettivo di qualità di 3 µT. Sempre in un’ottica cautelativa, l’assunzione di distanze di sicurezza nell’istallazione delle linee dell’alta tensione, o il loro interramento, possono costituire azioni utili al fine di ridurre i possibili effetti a lungo termine legati all’esposizione a campi elettromagnetici a bassa frequenza. Per valutare l’inquinamento domestico da campi elettromagnetici ad alta frequenza dovuto a fonti esterne, sono state condotte misure in abitazioni poste in prossimità delle stazioni radio-base per la telefonia mobile. I valori ottenuti risultano decisamente contenuti, sia rispetto ai valori limiti stabiliti dalla legge, che all’obiettivo di qualità di 6 V/m. I valori misurati in queste condizioni sono peraltro del tutto trascurabili se paragonati a quelli emessi dagli apparecchi wireless o a microonde di uso comune, presenti nelle nostre abitazioni, a cui è stato precedentemente accennato.
Campanini, P. M. "Professioni, invecchiamento e orari flessibili." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/58316.
Full textFugnoli, L. "MONITORAGGIO DELLA CONTAMINAZIONE DA FARMACI ANTINEOPLASTICI NELLE STRUTTURE OSPEDALIERE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/216408.
Full textAbstract The use of antineoplastic drugs (ADs) by hospital personnel involved in the preparation and administration of chemotherapeutic drugs (pharmacy technicians, nurses, medical staff) may result in the undue occupational exposure to chemicals with toxic and carcinogenic effects. This problem is experienced by about thirty years' in the international arena. In Italy, from ten years the 'Document of guidelines for the safety and health of workers exposed to antineoplastic in the healthcare environment' (GU n ° 236 of October 7, 1999) specifies the procedures and protocols for the prevention of exposure, and protect the health of workers involved in this particular area of hospital activity. Environmental monitoring, carried out by the LaTMA (Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology and Metabolomics, Occupational Medicine San Paolo Hospital in Milan) during the last 20 years, is a fundamental tool in the exposure assessment and prevention at the workplace. In spite of the adoption of the most effective preventive measures, a more precise connotation to the general ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle should be provided. Due to the lack of official safe limits for ADs, it is necessary to define the level of contamination that can be considered to be acceptable as a result of the implementation of these measures. LaTMA’s monitoring activity has verified for some time the implementation and effectiveness of the guidelines put in place by different specialized hospitals by monitoring environmental contamination. In particular, the extent of the potential exposure to ADs has been evaluated through the measurement of contamination on working surfaces in preparation and administration areas. A standardized protocol, including the sampling strategy, analytical methods and interpretation criteria of the results, was developed. Original laboratory procedures, validated and published or to be published in the international scientific literature, have been developed for the detection of some of the most widely used ADs, using HPLC/UV. This paper aims to give a clarification of the criteria and sampling techniques that set the quality standard of environmental monitoring and the introduction of an interpretative model of the experimental data enabling an assessment as objective as possible and independent of the efficiency of facilities for the preparation and administration of CA in terms of level of contamination and its containment.
Liviero, Filippo. "La modulazione dei canali transient receptor potential v1 e a1 con prostaglandina-e2e bradichinina è associata adaumento della risposta tussigena alla capsaicina ed a variazionidella regolazioneautonomica del ritmo cardiaco in soggetti sani." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425778.
Full textBACKGROUND There is evidence in animal models, that particulate (PM) inhalation, activates TRPV-1 and TRPA-1 pulmonary receptors and may change the autonomic regulation of cardiac activity, through a modulation of afferent signals in the central nervous system. This hypothetical neurogenic pathway could explain the adverse cardiovascular effects observed in susceptible subjects after acute PM exposures. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to verify that the activity of TRPV-1 and TRPA-1 can be modulated in vivo by inhaled stimuli and that changes in TRP channels activity modify the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm. To do this we evaluated in a group of healthy volunteers: 1. Cough response to capsaicin (CPS) and cinnmaldeide (CMA), exogenous agonists of TRPV-1 and TRPA-1 channels, before and after inhalation of PGE2 and BK, endogenous mediators that activate TRP channels in vitro; 2. Heart rate variability (HRV) after modulation of TRP channels with PGE2 and BK. We also evaluated: 3. The molecular mechanism of TRPV-1 channel modulation in vitro, on HeLa cells transfected with the TRPV-1 wild-type; 4. Whether presence of functional polymorphisms (SNPs) of TRPV-1 explains the variability of cough response to CPS and whether it modifies cough response to the modulation of TRP channels with PGE2 and BK. METHODS 1. 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. 17 performed PGE2 and BK or diluent inhalation, in a randomized double-blind fashion. Immediately after inhalation of the modulators, the sensitivity of TRPV-1 to CPS and of TRPA-1 to CMA was assessed with cough challenge. 2. Heart rate variability (HRV) was tested in 12 of the enrolled healthy volunteers recording the electrocardiogram (ECG) after inhalation of diluent, PGE2 and BK. We analyzed the variables of spectral components in the frequency domain, that represent indexes of sympathetic, vagal and sympathetic-vagal balance. 3. Functional properties of TRPV-1 channel were evaluated measuring [Ca2 +] in HeLa cells after treatment with CPS and CMA. HeLa cells were transfected with the TRPV-1 human channel. [Ca2 +] in HeLa cells was measured after pre-treatment with increasing doses of PGE2, BK or diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEP) followed by CPS stimulation. 4. All volunteers were characterized according to cough response to the CPS. We analyzed the DNA of each subjects to assess the presence of six functional polymorphisms (SNPs) of TRPV-1. RESULTS 1. Inhalation of PGE2 and BK is associated with a significant increase of cough response induced by CPS, while inconsistent changes after stimulation of TRPA-1 with CMA were detected. 2. Inhalation of PGE2 and BK significantly modifies HRV, leading to an imbalance of the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm. In particular we detected an upregulation of the sympathetic system and a downregulation of the vagal system. 3. Pretreatment with PGE2 or BK of HeLa cells expressing TRPV-1 did not modify CPS-induced cellular responses, demonstrating that in our experimental model, these two mediators do not directly sensitize the TRPV-1 channel. Treatment with DEP significantly increased TRPV-1-mediated cellular responses, indicating that it is directly sensitized by particulate matter. 4. We demonstrated that the variability of cough response to CPS between healthy subjects is partially explained by multiple SNPs of the TRPV-1 channel. The major contribution to sensitivity in terms of cough response to CPS in vivo is due to the combination of four SNPs: I315M; I585V; T469I; P91S. However, the modulation of TRPV-1 was irrespective of the presence of SNPs. These data support the hypothesis that PM inhalation, interfering with the function of TRPs, induces acute cardiovascular effects in susceptible subjects.
Scarpa, Maria Cristina. "INTERAZIONE FRA DANNO POLMONARE CRONICO E INVECCHIAMENTO, MICROBIOMA POLMONARE ED ESPOSIZIONE AGLI INQUINANTI INALATORI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424798.
Full textIl progetto di ricerca nel suo insieme si proponeva di analizzare l’interazione tra danno polmonare cronico, invecchiamento, microbioma polmonare ed esposizione agli inquinanti inalatori. Il proggetto era articola in quattro parti: 1) revisione sistematica della letteratura sul ruolo dei biomarcatori non invasivi nello studio degli effetti respiratori acuti dell’inquinamento associato a traffico; 2) studio retrospettivo/prospettico dei determinanti dell’accumulo delle particelle carboniose nei macrofagi delle vie aree; 3) valutazione prospettica dell’effetto del fumo e/o della malattia (BPCO) sulla colonizzazione microbica a livello polmonare; 4) studio prospettico dell’effetto dell’inquinamento urbano e del fumo di sigaretta sull’invecchiamento polmonare. La prima parte era un’analisi sistematica della letteratura sull’uso di campioni ottenuti in modo non invasivo per studiare degli effetti a breve termine sul sistema respiratorio dell'inquinamento atmosferico dovuto a traffico urbano. Da questa emerge che, sebbene i soggetti con broncopneumopatia cronica ostruttiva (BPCO) siano stati generalmente considerati a più alto rischio per gli effetti negativi degli inquinanti atmosferici, questi pazienti sono stati reclutati solo in pochi studi [1-4]. Secondo Manney et al. [1], l'aumento di nitrati e nitriti nel condensato dell’aria esalata (EBC) è stato associato con una grossa esposizione di particelle nei soggetti con BPCO e asmatici, senza differenze significative tra le due malattie. Le misure di ossido nitrico esalato (FeNO) in altri due studi hanno dato risultati opposti: uno ha trovato un rapporto con PM2.5 in soggetti con BPCO, ma non con asmatici [2], mentre nell’altro [3], il FeNO è stato associato con livelli di inquinamento da PM nei partecipanti con asma ma non in quelli con BPCO. Secondo Gong et al. [4] la cellularità dell’espettorato indotto in soggetti con BPCO non è influenzata dall’esposizione a particolato. Sono quindi necessarie nuove ricerche volte a chiarire l’effetto dell’inquinamento atmosferico acuto legato al traffico in soggetti che soffrono di malattie polmonari diverse dall’asma. Tuttavia, gli effetti acuti sulla salute sono difficili da attribuire ad un particolare inquinante nella maggior parte delle indagini con esposizione ambientale [5]. Ulteriori ricerche dovrebbero essere dirette a promuovere una migliore standardizzazione dei metodi per monitorare gli inquinanti da traffico. Va ricordato che, in condizioni di vita reale, i soggetti veramente 'non esposti' non esistono e la differenza tra i livelli minimi e massimi di inquinamento atmosferico è spesso meno di tre volte [6]. Dovrebbe essere stabilita, in particolare quando si pianificano studi osservazionali, una base di riferimento per i livelli di marcatori infiammatori in soggetti esposti a bassi livelli di sostanze inquinanti per essere in grado rilevare un effetto con esposizioni più elevate. Nella seconda parte l’obbiettivo era di indagare i determinanti dell’accumulo di particelle carboniose nel citoplasma dei macrofagi delle vie aeree ottenuti dall’espettorato indotto. A tale scopo si sono arruolati tre gruppi di soggetti: affetti da BPCO, fumatori sani e controlli non fumatori sani. Tramite questionario è stata valutata la loro esposizione a fumo passivo di sigaretta, a inquinamento indoor, a inquinamento dell’aria negli spostamenti quotidiani e all’esposizione professionale. Questa analisi ha permesso di controllare i potenziali fattori confondenti per poter eseguire una corretta analisi dell’esposizione personale a inquinamento dell’aria. Si è osservato come i maggiori determinanti del contenuto di black carbon (BC) nei macrofagi delle vie aeree siano la presenza di BPCO e l'esposizione al traffico urbano, mentre non è stato dimostrato un ruolo dell'abitudine al fumo di sigaretta. L’esposizione a traffico (misurato come numero di veicoli equivalenti) era correlata con il carico di particelle carboniose. Inoltre, per quanto concerne la BPCO, l'accumulo di particelle carboniose non risulta correlato con il grado di ostruzione né con il grado di infiammazione neutrofila delle vie aeree. La quantificazione di BC nei macrofagi risulta adatta a valutare l’esposizione a traffico, anche se sono necessari ulteriori studi sulla funzionalità dei macrofagi nei soggetti con e senza malattia e una valutazione degli effetti biologici sul singolo individuo dovuti all’accumulo di BC. Nella terza parte si è proposto di valutare, in modo non invasivo, il ruolo differenziale del fumo di sigaretta e della limitazione cronica del flusso aereo associata a fumo sulla colonizzazione batterica delle vie aeree. È stata quindi effettuata l’identificazione molecolare del microbiota polmonare residente nei 3 gruppi di soggetti. Sono stati identificati i phyla e i generi presenti in ciascun soggetto e in ogni gruppo. Sono stati poi calcolati gli indici di diversità α e β per valutare rispettivamente le differenze di composizione batterica intra campione e tra campioni dello stesso gruppo. La composizione in phyla nei pazienti BPCO stabili è risultata essere simile a quella trovata nelle precedenti ricerche basate sull'utilizzo di brushing bronchiale e broncolavaggio, con il vantaggio che il nostro numero di letture di sequenza è molto più alto di quelli precedentemente analizzati. Inoltre si è osservato che i soggetti con BPCO che ricevevano corticosteroidi mostravano una scarsa abbondanza di batteri di genere Prevotella e un’abbondanza maggiore di batteri di genere Veillonella rispetto ai soggetti non trattati. I fumatori rispetto ai non fumatori hanno un numero relativo aumentato dei generi Neisseria e Bergeyella, mentre è diminuito per i generi Streptococcus e Rothia. I risultati suggeriscono che il fumo di sigaretta possa indurre una diminuzione dell’abbondanza relativa di specie, indipendentemente dallo sviluppo della limitazione cronica al flusso aereo, influenzando così la composizione del microbioma polmonare. L’analisi molecolare si è rivelata indispensabile per confrontare nicchie diverse e identificare organismi più abbondanti presenti in un gruppo rispetto ad un altro, cosa che l’identificazione fenotipica dei batteri, ottenuta tramite i tradizionali esami colturali e saggi biochimici non consentiva. L'analisi del microbiota residente nei pazienti con BPCO stabile rispetto ai fumatori e soggetti non fumatori suggerisce che la ricchezza del microbiota è importante per la salute polmonare. Per svolgere l’ultima parte della ricerca è stato fatto uno studio di fattibilità dell’estrazione del DNA da cellule dell’espettorato e relativa quantificazione. La valutazione dell’invecchiamento polmonare dovuto ad inquinamento urbano e a fumo di sigaretta sarà effettuata sia su campioni di sangue che di espettorato misurando la lunghezza dei telomeri. Ci si aspetta che il tasso di declino della funzione polmonare sia associato al tasso di invecchiamento biologico. Tra risultati attesi ipotizziamo anche che l'invecchiamento nei leucociti del sangue rispecchi quello delle cellule dell'espettorato indotto. A parità di infiammazione e di esposizione all'inquinamento ambientale, ci si aspetta che il fumo di sigaretta acceleri l'invecchiamento delle cellule dell'espettorato indotto. In conclusione, la presenza di BPCO influenza sia il carico di particelle carboniose nel polmone legate al traffico urbano (a parità di esposizione esterna dei soggetti), sia la biodiversità della colonizzazione microbica polmonare. Viceversa, il fumo di sigaretta non ha effetti sul contenuto di particelle carboniose, ma agisce sulla composizione del microbiota.
Motta, V. "DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF REPETITIVE ELEMENTS TO AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/216407.
Full textMarsili, C. B. L. "ASMA DEL PANIFICATORE: NUOVE STRATEGIE PREVENTIVE, DIAGNOSTICHE E TERAPEUTICHE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/232491.
Full textBaker’s asthma is still one of the most frequent causes of occupational asthma in many countries. This is the most severe manifestation in flour exposed that may also develop rhinitis, conjunctivitis and dermatitis. Flour dust, some contaminants and additives can cause clinical manifestations. To date, many aspects of the pathogenesis remain to be clarified, as well as new diagnostic tests and new treatments must be validated. This doctoral research project has developed on a dual track : 1) adoption of specific nasal provocation test with extract of purified and standardized flour ( Lofarma Allergens), monitoring the resistance and nasal respiratory function. Then subjects for which there is a diagnosis of allergic respiratory disease related to flour dust, are enrolled for the sublingual immunotherapy. 2) Definition of genetic polymorphisms of TLR-4/+896 and CD14/-159 of bacterial endotoxins that are present as contaminants in the flour and can boost the immune response, as well as the dosage of interleukins IL6, IL8 and TNF- α, and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide ( FeNO ) identified as markers of inflammation, which may vary in populations of workers exposed to wheat flour. The clinical study has allowed us to test extracts of flour used in the specific nasal provocation test, a method that turned out to be essential for the diagnosis of some cases of occupational disease and that in the future will likely be used for the specific bronchial provocation test. Immunotherapy has provided more than satisfactory results in terms of improvement in symptoms and continuation of work. The biochemical study performed on a population of 167 workers divided among bakers with occupational disease, atopics and healthy workers, has allowed us to better clarify the role of interleukins and receptors for endotoxins in the pathogenesis of occupational asthma, providing interesting insights in terms of monitoring and prevention of pathology .
BERSI, FRANCESCA MARIA. "Gestione e Prevenzione delle ferite da taglio e da punta in studenti di area sanitaria della Scuola di Scienze Mediche e Farmaceutiche dell’Università degli Studi di Genova." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1046133.
Full textBITETTO, ANTONELLA. "CLIMA ORGANIZZATIVO E SICUREZZA IN OSPEDALE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/152915.
Full textCasali, M. B. "ASBESTOS LUNG BURDEN DETERMINATION IN AN URBAN POPULATION FROM MILAN, ITALY. ANALYSIS OF A NECROSCOPIC SERIES FROM 2009 TO 2011." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/169979.
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