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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medicinal discourse'
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1
Hemmings, Diane. "The role of organisational discourse in the geneticisation of medicine:." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490748.
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Organizational websites not only provide information but also have the potential to influence societal beliefs and values on contested issues. This study addresses how the rhetoric of two informational websites concerned with genetic testing for breast cancer contributes to the hegemony of geneticisation in medicine. The two sites analysed are CancerBACUP's Genetics from the United Kingdom and Cancer Facts. Genetic Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2: It's Your Choice, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute in the United States, McGee's (1980) theory of ideographic analysis was chosen as the analytic framework for the study. Ideographs are ordinary language terms that function as the basic structural elements of an ideology. They are crafted in use according the goals and needs of the author and their meanings can be altered in concert with changing conditions within a society. An examination of ideographs offers insight into how organisations use language to encourage public adherence to the values and beliefs that benefit the organisation. Three ideographs commonly used in traditional medical communication, CHOICE, RESPONSIBILITY and PRIVACY, were identified in both websites. The analysis shows that CancerBACUP and the NCI alter the common understandings of these terms to normalize the changes brought about by genetics. CHOICE is reconfigured to limit expectations of genetic testing for breast cancer. The understanding of RESPONSIBILITY in health care is expanded to assume concern for the health of family and future generations and PRIVACY is no longer an individual matter but is seen in terms of the privacy of family. Reconstituting the traditional meanings of these ideographs to accommodate the needs of genetics in medicine allows the organizations to support the current hegemonic paradigm, thus appealing to influential stakeholders, while promoting the geneticisation of medicine in the public sphere
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Pitt, Susan. "Midwifery and medicine : discourses in childbirth, c. 1945-1974." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683128.
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Gordon, Alison. "(Re)constructing the discourse of disease women's magazines' mediation of medicine /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39195.pdf.
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Wilson, Christopher C. "Paternal postpartum distress : a discourse analytic study." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5742.
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This portfolio thesis comprises of three parts: a systematic review paper, an empirical report and appendices. Part one is a systematic review in which the literature relating to the empirical paper is reviewed. Literature concerning the prevalence of paternal distress within the first year postpartum is addressed. The review attempts to determine levels of severity and aims to stipulate when distress is more prevalent within the year. The usefulness of such epidemiological data is also considered. Part two is an empirical paper examining the discourses around the postpartum father. The study aimed to conceptualise how the father's discursive position may limit the acceptability of distress in this period. The paper outlines popular competing constructions of postpartum fatherhood and paternal affect drawn from the accounts of first-time parents, midwives and health visitors. The impact of such discursive inconsistency on the recognition of this clinical issue is discussed. Clinical implications are then described. Part three comprises the appendices. A reflective summary drawing on the overall research process is included.
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Lemire, Diane M. "The body in Western and Chinese medicine : discourses and practices." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33297.
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This thesis is about the body and about how medical discourses conceptualise the body in health and in illness. However, any inquisitiveness about the body is determined by historical, social and political environment that nurtures the discursive formations of knowledge. I focus particularly on the conceptualisation of the body in the two distinct medical traditions of Western and Chinese medicine. I examine Michel Foucault's analysis on the medical gaze and on the external technologies of power deployed on the body of the individual and on the social body. The knowledge generated from the medical gaze is articulated through a normalising and prescriptive discourse. The gaze of Chinese medicine that looks at the workings of the cosmos to define the truth about the body generates similar authoritative knowledge that targets the individual and the social body. However, this effect of power, although it never disappears entirely, undergoes significant transformations when it enters the arena of human activities and the potential for improvisation in the behaviour of the human actor. There is always a gap between the text and the practice.
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Morris, Craig M. ""Their power will be your pain" : an investigation into the discourses of medicinal cannabis users." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2008. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8212/.
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The discourses of medicinal cannabis users are the topic of this thesis, examined by way of qualitative in-depth interviews with thirty-two medicinal cannabis users. The thesis focuses on four main aims: how medicinal users talk about their use of cannabis (including looking at what discursive resources and rhetorical devices they use); the prevalence and significance of talking about 'nature' and the 'natural' within these discourses; the differences between the accounts of different participants; and the potential of different 'types' of discourse in relation to contestation around the use of this substance for medicinal benefit. A discourse analysis approach is used that draws mainly on the work of Wetherell and Potter (1992) and Fairclough (1995; 2001). A Bourdieusian theoretical framework is employed that draws on the key concepts of field, habitus, linguistic habitus, cultural and linguistic capital and trajectory (1979; 1992). The main findings are that whilst participants discuss a range of issues and use a range of rhetorical strategies and discursive resources in doing so, the majority of participants discursively construct cannabis in relation to ideas about nature, with cannabis frequently being articulated as 'natural' and therefore preferable to prescribed medicines, alcohol, other illicit drugs and 'chemical' / 'man-made' substances in ways that are strongly related to various notions of 'risk' (Beck, 1992). However, there is a great deal of difference between participants' discourses and these differences are underpinned by different educational and vocational trajectories, the unequal distribution of linguistic capital and differential dispositions when using language and engaging with knowledge, and are mediated by participants' different engagement with the issue of medicinal cannabis use. This emphasises the importance of an awareness of how social structuration continues to affect how individuals are capacitated and disposed to talk about and understand issues and to engage in contestation in contemporary society.
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MacDonald, Malcolm. "The social construction of medical discourse." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3980/.
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The social construction of the discourse of medical institutions is analysed, drawing on both speech act and structural theories. Discourse is defined as a symbol system which has an ideological effect. This effect is linked to the maintenance of the interests of hegemonic social groups. Michel Foucault's archaeological method accords primacy to the relations which exist between institutional and social processes in the formation of discursive relations. Foucault's genealogical method also describes how the identity of the modern subject is constituted within the power nexus of coercive institutions. Medical discourse is paradigmatic of Basil Bernstein's model of pedagogic discourse. Pedagogic discourse is constructed according to the intrinsic grammar of the pedagogic device. This comprises distributive, recontextualizing and evaluative rules. These operate in three institutional contexts: the field of production, the field of reproduction and the recontextualizing field. M. A. K. Halliday's systemic linguistics defines three metafunctions of the text which operate in relation to its context of situation: the textual, ideational, and interpersonal. The textual characteristics of three principal modalities, or genres, of medical text are described in relation to their institutional contexts: the medical research report within the field of production, the medical interview within the field of reproduction and the medical textbook within the recontextualizing field. As a medical text shifts from the field of production to the recontextualizing field, certain transformations take place in the ideational options of tense, transitivity and process and the interpersonal options of modality. These syntactic transformations, organized by codes of the pedagogic device, symbolically authorize the recontextualized medical text.
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Knight, Denise Ann. "Patients and their use of medicines : a discourse analysis of encounters with nurse prescribers." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17191.
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Patients' use of medicines is widely recognised as sub-optimal with a high proportion of patients with a long-term condition not taking their medicines as prescribed. Research and policy guidance emphasise the importance of partnership within the patient-prescriber encounter in enhancing patients' use of medicines. There is however considerable evidence that this is not usually achieved by medical prescribers, limiting the extent to which shared decision-making occurs about prescribed medicines. There is a general assumption that nurse prescribers, who within the United Kingdom have comparable prescribing rights to medical doctors, demonstrate greater abilities in collaborative working with patients leading to an enhanced use of medicines. Research evidence is however limited, particularly in relation to the ways in which patients' use of medicines is discussed and negotiated within the patient-nurse prescriber encounter. This study focused on the management of patients' use of medicines within the patient-nurse prescriber encounter. Seven nurse prescribers, working within a number of clinical specialities in both primary and secondary care settings, were recruited to the study together with their patients who were living with one or more long-term conditions (n=21). Data collection involved the non-participant observation of out-patient consultations to examine the management of patients' use of medicines within the encounter and semi-structured interviews with both patients and prescribers. Discourse analysis was undertaken to examine underpinning assumptions, views and beliefs regarding the management of patients' use of medicines. Asymmetry was evident within the encounters with prescribers controlling the agenda for discussion and interrupting patients' attempts to demonstrate their knowledge. Patient accounts of the moral approach adopted in managing their condition in the context of their everyday lives were also ignored. Biomedical and contrasting moral discourses are examined. An interpretive framework derived from the work of Michel Foucault is used to explain the operation of disciplinary, pastoral and bio-political power within the encounter and the extent to which subjugation of patients' knowledge and resistance were evident. Foucault's concept of technologies of the self is examined to explore its potential application in enhancing patients' medicines use.
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Compion, Sara. "Tuberculosis discourse in South Africa a case study /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08222008-110053.
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Bowen, William Michael. "The Americanization of Chinese medicine a discourse-based study of culture-driven medical change /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32660695.html.
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Barbosa, Rafael Ribeiro Mansur. "Psiquiatria e psicanálise: para além de convergências e divergências." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7657.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorNesta dissertação pretende-se investigar qual papel exerce hoje a psicanálise na prática psiquiátrica. A abordagem da psiquiatria e da psicanálise se dá em três campos distintos. Primeiramente é retomada no campo da história, com especial atenção para relação de Freud com os médicos suíços, Jung e Bleuler, no inicio do século XX, e a publicação do DSM-III na década de 1980. A ênfase é colocada nestes dois extremos, pois o que se observa neles, é o contato inicial da psiquiatria com a psicanálise num primeiro momento e uma mudança de paradigma na racionalidade do diagnostico psiquiátrico que é da ordem de um corte epistemológico a partir do qual a psicanálise é rejeitada. Entre esses dois extremos o que se observa é uma influencia maciça da psicanálise dentro da psiquiatria. Partimos então para o campo do discurso, no qual a presença do pensamento de Michel Foucault e a teoria dos quatro discursos de Jacques Lacan irão contribuir para uma leitura da medicina/psiquiatria e da psicanálise enquanto discurso, bem como das possibilidades de inserção do sujeito em cada uma dessas formas de discurso. Por fim, fazemos uma abordagem no campo da ética, na qual propomos a ética e a teoria da psicanálise como um possível regulador para uma psiquiatria que se aliena diante do Outro da ciência e do capital. Essa proposta é colocada após estudarmos como se deu o processo em que o corpo e a saúde entraram no campo da economia de mercado. Trazemos para discussão uma série de vinhetas de casos clínicos que servem para ilustrar nossas colocações acerca do papel da ética e da teoria psicanalítica dentro da prática médica e psiquiátrica.
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Carmichael, Helen. "Clinical supervision in mental health : a Foucauldian discourse analysis." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/2950/.
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The practice of clinical supervision amongst mental health practitioners is hampered by a lack of shared understanding of its nature and purpose and by a complex mixture of assumptions and external expectations. As a result, potential benefits of supervision are diminished and its practice risks losing credibility amongst those in a position to resource it. This study addresses these conflicts through an analysis of the discourse of supervision within mental health nursing, counselling and clinical psychology.
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Armstrong, Natalie. "Cervical Screening : women's resistance to the official discourse." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10485/.
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This study is an empirical exploration of Foucault's theoretical ideas on resistance, through a case study of cervical cancer screening and women's responses to the official discourse surrounding it. In England, this form of screening is organised through a national programme and consistently achieves coverage of over 80%. Given this high attendance it may appear that any resistance is negligible. However, this thesis argues that such a focus on attendance, or behaviour, is misguided and that, by focusing attention on the level at which the official discourse on screening is interpreted, understood and made sense of by individual women, it is possible to identify instances of thought and talk based resistance. Using qualitative interviews with a sample structured to include a range of ethnic backgrounds and ages, the thesis identifies three key forms of resistance. Firstly, women may resist the general subject position suggested within the official discourse and make sense of screening in ways that are meaningful to them as individuals. Secondly, many women resist the general 'at risk' status suggested and negotiate their own position drawing on a range of risk factors that do not always fit well with those medically recognised. Thirdly, in making sense of the information they receive, women frequently attempt to create a rational framework of knowledge and understanding which can lead to them interpreting issues such as risk factors or disease development in different ways. Based upon these, the thesis argues for conceptualising power and resistance in terms of a complex network of possibilities with multiple points of potential difference or divergence that can lead to individuals adopting very different subject positions. Although the majority of resistance detailed is thought and talk based, this is nevertheless important as it provides the means for challenges to the official discourse and constitutes a necessary prerequisite for further behavioural resistance.
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Silva, Leicy Francisca da. "Eternos órfãos da saúde - medicina, política e construção da lepra em Goiás (1830-1962)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3460.
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Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser le processus de construction de la lèpre dans l’Etat de Goiás, au Brésil. Pour ce faire, on a cherché, par l’analyse des discours médicaux et politiques produits pendant la période comprise entre 1830 et 1962, à observer les transformations de la façon de penser et d’exprimer le problème, et les éléments relatifs au pouvoir et au savoir qui construisent la maladie comme problème médico-politique. Les principaux documents utilisés dans cette analyse se composent de rapports médicaux, de revues médicales de Goiás, de rapports gouvernementaux des Provinces/Etats, et de journaux locaux. L’hypothèse défendue est que la manière de concevoir la maladie analysée s’est transformée à Goiás dans les années 1920. La morphée, qui était vue, au XIXe siècle, comme possiblement curable et dont les malades coexistaient avec les sains dans les espaces urbains, a donné place à la lèpre, maladie contagieuse qui se propage sur les espaces pauvres et “sans civilisation” de l’Etat, et qui exigeait que des actions soient entreprises pour la contenir. Cette transformation a lieu dans un contexte de croissance de l’intérêt porté à l’espace de l’intérieur du Brésil et à un moment de dispute discursive au sujet du transfert de la capitale fédérale de Rio de Janeiro à Goiás. Les discours construits autour de cette question présentaient un espace et une population caractérisés par la maladie et par l’absence du pouvoir public. Ainsi, les gouvernements, sans moyens d’assumer la politique sanitaire d’assistance médicale aux malades dans les années 1920 et 1930, laissent ce rôle aux institutions philanthropiques ; alors qu’à la fin des années 1930 et pendant les années 1940, l’Etat se l’approprie et centralise la politique de prophylaxie qu’il rapproche fortement du projet de construction de la nouvelle capitale de l’Etat de Goiás. Pour les médecins, la lutte pour l’hégémonie sur le problème sert de mot d’ordre pour le renforcement de la classe et pour sa projection sur la scène politique, dans le cadre de la défense du progrès régional.
This thesis aims at analyzing the process of construction of Leprosy in the Goiás. It seeks to observe the changes referring to the ways of thinking and of expressing the problem, as well as the factors related to power and knowledge, which constructs a disease as a medical-political problem, through the analyzes of the medical and political discourses produced over the period between 1830-1962. The main documents used for the analysis were the reports of general practicioners, medical magazines from Goiás, reports from the local and state government and local newspapers as well. The hypothesis is that in Goiás, in the 1920’s, there was a change in the way the disease was conceived. The morphea, which in the nineteenth century, was seen as a possibly curable disease and whose patients lived in urban areas together with the healthy individuous, gave place to leprosy, a contagious disease, that spread over the poor and uncivilization areas, which demanded state measures in order to control it. This change becomes contextualized in the increased interest in the countryside of Brazil and in the discursive dispute with respect to moving the Federal capital to Goiás. The discourse constructed around of this issue represents a space and a population characterized by the disease and the absence of the State power. Thus, the government, without conditions to undertake the sanitary policy for patients ‘medical care, in the 1920’s and in the 1930’s, allowed the phylantropic institutions to take care of it, though it was later taken over by the State at the end of the 1930’s and the 1940’s, which centralized the prophylaxis policy and strongly relates to the construction project of the new State capital. For the doctors, the struggle for hegemony over the issue serves as a motto for the strengthening of the class and their projections in the field of politics, in the defence of regional progress.
Esta tese tem como objetivo principal analisar o processo de construção da lepra em Goiás. Para tanto, busca, por meio das análises dos discursos médicos e políticos produzidos no período entre 1830 a 1962, observar as transformações referentes ao modo de pensar e expressar o problema e os elementos relativos ao poder e ao saber que constroem a doença como problema médico-político. Os principais documentos utilizados nessa análise são os relatórios de médicos-viajantes, revistas médicas goianas, relatórios dos governos provinciais/estaduais e jornais locais. A hipótese defendida é que ocorre em Goiás, na década de 1920, uma transformação na forma de conceber a doença. A morfeia, que no século XIX era vista como possivelmente curável e cujos doentes conviviam nos espaços urbanos com os sadios, dá lugar à lepra, uma doença contagiosa, que se expandia pelos espaços pobres e “sem civilização”, e que exigia ações do Estado para sua contenção. Esta transformação se faz contextualizada no aumento do interesse pelo espaço do interior do Brasil e na disputa discursiva com respeito à mudança da capital federal para Goiás. Os discursos construídos em torno desta questão apresentam um espaço e uma população caracterizados pela doença e pela ausência do poder público. Assim, os governos, sem condições para assumir a política sanitária de assistência médica aos doentes, nas décadas de 1920 e 1930, deixam esse papel para as instituições filantrópicas, sendo que no final da década de 1930 e na década de 1940 ele é apropriado pelo Estado, que centraliza a política de profilaxia e a relaciona fortemente com o projeto de construção da nova capital estadual. Para os médicos, a luta pela hegemonia sobre o problema serve como mote para o fortalecimento da classe e para sua projeção no campo da política, na defesa do progresso regional.
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Palmer, Jane Elizabeth. "Medical mythologies : iconographies, histories and counter-discourses in medicine, the arts and popular culture." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282587.
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Da, Silva Fátima. "Deconstructing patients : A discourse analysis of IBD patients’ medical records." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-61583.
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Lipman, Valerie. "The (in)visibility of older people in the international development discourse." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/346635/.
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Older people are the world’s fastest growing population group. By 2050 eighty per cent of older persons will live in what are now developing countries. There is established and growing evidence of the difficulties families in developing countries are experiencing in providing adequate support for their older members. This thesis explores how international development is responding to the interests of older people. The research examines how older people are represented in international development discourse and illustrates the impact of this on practice. This is informed by a comparative analysis with the progress of women in development. A critical discourse analysis of a corpus of texts from intergovernmental agencies illustrates the degree of visibility of older people in the development discourse. A case study of the work of inter-government organisations in West Bengal, India, shows how this can impact on grassroots activity. An original conceptual framework is introduced which aligns the dominant development paradigms with the dominant perspectives on older people emerging from this research. To the best of my knowledge this is the first research study to consider the (in)visibility of older people in international development discourse and to look at its implications on policy and practice. It highlights that a concentration of development resources at one end of the age spectrum to increase life expectancy is being met with an absence of planned support to meet the consequences when people successfully reach old age. The research further shows that when visible, older people are generally viewed as a homogeneous group in need of support and care, and not as citizens able to contribute and participate in development. The research illustrates a connection between global discourse and local practice in relation to older people and indicates a need for further studies to assess the extent of the links and to examine how local practice could inform the international development discourse.
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Seabrook, Marianne. "Exploring 'medically unexplained symptoms' with GPs and counselling psychologists : a Foucauldian discourse analysis." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2017. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1216/.
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"Medically unexplained symptoms" or "MUS" has been constructed as a term to describe persistent physical symptoms for which no medical aetiology can be found. "MUS" account for at least 20 per cent of UK medical consultations, yet fit uneasily within a biomedical discourse where illness is legitimised by medical diagnosis. "MUS" supposedly operates as a neutral category, yet critical review of the literature problematises this so-called neutrality: it fails to be neutral whilst avoiding depicting the situation as it is. There is widespread conflict about terminology and aetiology, which results in the subjective creation of legitimacy criteria; disavowal of a psychological dimension; and patients receiving costly and ineffective treatment. This research, motivated by the need within this conflict to better understand the implications of how we talk about “MUS”, explores how practitioners are constructing “MUS”. Four semi-structured interviews with GPs and counselling psychologists were undertaken and analysed using Foucauldian Discourse Analysis. Alongside underlying biomedical discourses, discourses of separation, mindbody dualism, psychology and holism were identified. These contributed to various constructions of "MUS", including "MUS-as-choice", "MUS-as-challenge", "MUS-as-unreal", "MUS-as-placeless" and "MUS-as-untold-story". This research problematises the separation of illness into categories, the psychologisation of "MUS" and the lack of availability of an acceptable holistic discourse with which to construct illness. It emphasises the performative nature of our talk about "MUS" and the importance of discourse awareness for deepening our understanding of social and cultural influences on how we see the world and act within it. Exclusive biomedical and psychological constructions of illness displace "MUS" as legitimate illness and limit opportunities for constructive dialogue. As practitioners, we need to resist getting caught up in these frameworks. Suggestions are made for how practical disturbances of current working practices might be achieved.
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Storey, Anne M. "The display and negotiation of expertise and uncertainty in problem-based tutorials in medicine : a discourse analytic approach." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/44885/.
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This dissertation examines interaction in a hybrid educational and clinical medical context, specifically how students and tutors negotiate and display expertise and uncertainty in problem-based learning (PBL) tutorials in the final years of an undergraduate medical curriculum. I take a broad view of expertise and uncertainty, one which includes scientific knowledge, evidence-based explanations, warrants for uncertainty, personal experience and communicative performance. Taking a discourse analytic approach, I analyse what constitutes expertise in this tutorial setting and how it is negotiated and displayed through the participating students’ and tutors’ interactional dynamics. I examine the nature of the various tutorial activities, the educational and clinical context, and how factors associated with the ethos and approaches of both PBL and traditional clinical curricula influence the display and negotiation of expertise and uncertainty. The data were collected during 2008 in two teaching hospitals in Hong Kong. Participants were selected by convenience sampling. Eight tutorials were video or audio recorded, and the interactions were transcribed. The discourse analytical approach (activity analysis, Sarangi 2010a) is based on the notions of activity types (Levinson, 1992[1979]) and discourse types (Sarangi, 2000) as well as notions of participant structure, roles, frames, and alignment. The analysis is conducted in three stages. First, the structural mapping indicates that the tutorials were composed of three main elements – presenting a patient history, presenting clinical reasoning, and presentation of the findings of the physical examination and that these were recursive. Second, the interactional mapping shows that the dominant participants were the presenter of the patient history and the tutor, and that the main discursive device is questioning. Third, the thematic mapping shows that implicit throughout the interaction is the display of expertise through role performance, and the hybrid clinical and educational frames associated with these roles. Role, frame and activity characteristics interact to contribute to a complex setting within which participants could display degrees of expertise and uncertainty.
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Von, Bentheim Ingrid. "Narrative discourse in English speaking coloured persons with aphasia and normal controls in the Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3483.
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Bibliography: leaves 103-108.This study aimed to characterise the discourse performance of English speaking Coloured persons with mild to moderate aphasia and match controls. It ascertained whether various narrative discourse tasks resulted in differences in discourse performance between the two groups in the amount of information and the quality of information provided as well as the number of evaluative devices used in various narrative tasks. Furthermore, adaptation features, dialectal features and ethnic discourse markers were identified. A narrative Discourse Test Battery devised by Ulatowska et al (1998) consisting of two composite pictures, a picture sequence story, a story retell and a personal experience task were administered to all subjects. In order to gain further insight into higher level cognitive processes the formulation of main ideas, providing the lessons for the stories and interpreting proverbs were used. All narrative samples were transcribed and the date treated in terms of the length of narratives, propositional units, quality analysis and analysis of evaluation. The results indicated that for all of these methods of assessment the experimental group performed poorer than the control group.
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Lintz, Pascale. "Analyse et enjeux éthiques des nanotechnologies en médecine : temps et discours, approche éthique systémique : double discours, approche psychanalytique : complémentarité des discours entre science et théologie." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30062/document.
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Cette thèse analysera l'émergence des nanotechnologies en médecine qui pose le problème de l'introduction de composants artificiels et miniaturisés dans le corps humain pour soigner, pallier des insuffisances physiologiques voire améliorer les performances du corps humain. Ces technologies permettent de dresser un diagnostic sûr et précoce des maladies comme le cancer ainsi que des traitements ciblés et même des reconstructions ex nihilo d'organes. Ce domaine du progrès scientifique reste en grande partie encore à appréhender et à analyser. La réflexion se concentrera sur l'élaboration d'une nano-éthique adéquate, sur la notion de transgression des limites qu'implique le discours transhumaniste sur les nanotechnologies d'un point de vue psychanalytique, sur une tension fructueuse des discours entre science et théologieThis thesis will analyze the emergence of nanotechnology in medicine that poses the problem of the introduction of artificial and miniaturized components in the human body to heal or to alleviate physiological deficiencies or to improve the performance of the human body. These technologies allow the establishment of safe and early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer as well as targeted therapies and reconstructions ex nihilo of organs. This area of scientific progress still remains largely to be understood and analyzed. The study will focus on the development of an adequate ethic for the nanotechnology, the idea of transgression of limits implied in the transhumanist discourse on nanotechnology from a psychoanalytic point of view, and a fruitful tension between scientific and theological discourses
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Murdoch, Jamie. "The discursive construction of prophylactic medicine taking for people with asthma : interactional issues and moral discourses." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/19291/.
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Since the 1970s research on how people take, or "adhere" to prophylactic medications, has been dominated by individualistic approaches emphasising the role of attitudes in explaining adherence, with limited predictive success. Such limitations may be related to a restricted conceptualisation of talk about medicine taking as an accurate representation of individuals' attitudes. Using asthma as a case example, this thesis explored whether we can more productively view such talk as social action reflecting the interactional and social conditions in which it is produced. This enables us to examine interactional issues with specific influence on everyday decisions about medicine taking. Key amongst these issues are likely to be moral discourses of illness management. Using ideas and tools associated with Discursive Psychology and Linguistic Ethnography, the author examined a range of data sources for how moral discourses of asthma management structured talk of people with asthma in face-to-face interview and focus group settings. Participants could be seen to deploy a range of rhetorical devices to justify medicine taking, positioning versions of their asthma management, views and themselves within a range of moral discourses that can be seen to circulate different social spaces. Building on Goffman's term "performance," these findings indicated that people's talk about medicine taking can be seen as transference of linguistic resources across contexts, manifested in different interactions. The "meaning" of performances is therefore a result of how different criteria, set up within interactions about illness management, match available resources deployed by individuals with chronic illness. These findings suggest that rather than seeing lay-professional discussions of medicine taking as being about persuading people to adopt particular attitudes, this approach allows us to see how mutually-agreed treatment decisions may, instead, require us to identify appropriate linguistic resources for facilitating discussion of patients' everyday concerns about illness management, within that interaction.
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Branco, Rosele Maria. "Michel Foucault e a medicina: sobre o nascimento da clínica moderna." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21440.
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This work starts from the death experiences and the encounter with Michel Foucault thoughts, to interrogate the medical discursive practices about the pretension of the construction of a totalizing and hegemonic knowledge about the individuals. This thesis followed two parallel projects: one seeking to understand the descriptions of the book Naissance de la Clinique about modern medicine, denominated by Foucault as clinical medicine; and the other, concerned to contribute with medical formation. It was decided to organize the work following Foucault demarcations about the medical knowledge that are, mainly, in the book L’archéologie du savoir, because they made sense to explain the generalized dispersion of the medical knowledge in our days. References to Foucault biopolitics studies were included, whereas this moment indicates another important theme from the reflection about medicine. It was concluded that the power of the medical knowledge is in the way that it perceives, penetrates and approaches the body, even though its truths might be partial and provisory. Two dialogue directions are proposed to a new medical art, more flexible, critical and fair: one in the discussion of the new layers that can be added to the medical knowledge, and another, in the analysis of the experiences of medical practices
Partiu-se das vivências da morte e do encontro com o pensamento de Michel Foucault, para interrogar as práticas discursivas médicas sobre a pretensão da construção de um saber totalizante e hegemônico sobre os indivíduos. A tese seguiu dois trajetos paralelos: um buscando compreender as descrições do livro Naissance de la clinique sobre a medicina moderna, denominada por Foucault de medicina clínica; e o outro, preocupado em contribuir com a formação dos médicos. Apostou- se em organizar o trabalho seguindo as demarcações de Foucault acerca do saber médico que constam, principalmente, no livro L’archéologie du savoir, porque faziam sentido para explicar a dispersão generalizada do saber médico na atualidade. Incluíram-se referências aos estudos biopolíticos de Foucault, visto que esse momento indica outro tema importante da reflexão acerca da medicina. Concluiu-se que a força do saber médico está na forma como ele percebe, penetra e apreende o corpo, a despeito de que suas verdades sejam parciais e provisórias. Propõem-se duas direções de diálogo para uma nova arte médica mais flexível, crítica e justa: uma na discussão de novas camadas que possam ser acrescentadas ao saber médico; outra, na análise das vivências da prática médica
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Lemos, Lúcia Márcia Carvalho. "DISCURSOS E PRÁTICAS COMUNICACIONAIS: SAÚDE NA WEB." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2009. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/861.
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-07This dissertation broaches aspects of communicational practices in the context of communication of health. The speeches set on the National Scientific Society Portal of Cardiol and Diabetes are the highlights. The temporal clipping was centered in the period which went from September 1° to December 1° of 2008. The methodology used is the qualitative one and it must, preferably, rely on the text on the latent content suggested and on the language showed. It s verified, also, the layout presentation and some topics of usability s evaluation of pages too. The study is based on the perspective of the French Analysis of Speech (AD). Other Interdisciplinary theoretical approaches compose the thoughts. It s observed that the insertion of a speech of illness prevention and health promotion, and in its widest meaning, looks promising to the description of these representations on the diverse stages of the human and socio-cultural development. It has evidences that the promotion of health extends its targets and starts to relate to life, health, solidarity, fairness, democracy, citizenship, development, participation and intention of partnership with all individuals and segments. The analyzed patterns show that in the statements, understood as real units of the discursive communication, the publishers speak for the specialist characterizing thus, as scientific kind too.(AU)
Esta dissertação aborda aspectos das práticas comunicacionais no contexto da comunicação de saúde. Como foco, os discursos instaurados nos Portais Nacionais das Sociedades Científicas Cardiol e Diabetes . O recorte temporal centrou-se no período de 1º de setembro a 1º de dezembro de 2008. A metodologia empregada é a qualitativa e deve-se, preferencialmente, ater ao texto, ao conteúdo latente (insinuado) e à linguagem manifesta. Verifica-se, também, a apresentação do layout e alguns tópicos de avaliação da usabilidade das páginas. O estudo é fundamentado na perspectiva da Análise de Discurso francesa (AD). Outras abordagens teóricas interdisciplinares também compõem as reflexões. Observa-se que a proposta de inserção de um discurso de prevenção de doenças e promoção de saúde, em seu sentido mais amplo, e nas atuais discussões, parece promissora para a descrição dessas representações nos diversos estágios de desenvolvimento humano e sociocultural. Há indícios de que a promoção da saúde amplia seu escopo e passa a relacionar vida, saúde, solidariedade, equidade, democracia, cidadania, desenvolvimento, participação e intenção de parceria com todos os indivíduos e segmentos. Os exemplares analisados indicam que nos enunciados, compreendidos como unidades reais da comunicação discursiva, os editores falam pelo especialista caracterizando, assim, também, como gênero científico.(AU)
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Cavallari, Jason Robert. "Upcast Eyes: Medico-Legal Discourse, Spectacle, and Deviance in France, 1870-1914." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/989.
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Thesis advisor: Paul BreinesThis dissertation attempts to problematize the question of agency in disciplinary societies by examining the symbolic importance in fin-de-siècle French culture of the abject deviants who were the target of medico-legal discourse in the Third Republic. In particular, I develop three main propositions. First, I am making a broad anthropological claim that the power implicitly given to deviants to establish boundaries between normality and abnormality paradoxically enabled them to shift borders of cleanliness and pollution in public discourse. Whereas others have argued that borderline deviants are powerless in their abjection, I propose the opposite: by giving deviants the power to shape the order of the Third Republic, medico-legal authorities unwittingly gave them precisely that -- enormous power. Second, I contend that this power largely took shape within the context of the rise of consumer society and urban spectacle. Spectacularization and widespread accessibility to information engendered a populace capable of suspicion, resistance, and resignification. Others have interpreted the spectacularization of narratives of deviance as being foisted upon passive consumers lacking intellectual agency and therefore accepting these narratives as the standards for bourgeois behavior. I suggest instead that spectacularization provided the precondition of possibility for the invention of a resistant and even potentially revolutionary populace. Third and finally, I make the claim that those who are seen are also capable of seeing, and hence, of questioning, negotiating, and redefining. Others, particularly those influenced by the work of Michel Foucault, have argued that "the public" was a docile, passive crowd, stripped of agency, helplessly accepting of ideas of republican virtue embodied by medico-legal discourses of deviance and the clinical gaze. In particular, the paradigm of the "panopticon" has perhaps overly influenced notions of bourgeois society. In the panoptic society, being self-conscious of always being (hypothetically) seen, actors police themselves to the point of inaction. I contend that this position assumes the desirability of a "correct" form of behavior to which all others must conform. Therefore, I argue for a very different conception of bourgeois society. If we look not to the panopticon, but rather to venues of spectacularization and consumer culture, we will see that, contrary to the marginalization implied by the panoptic model, deviance was celebrated as a symbol of freedom and release from the deterministic medico-legal gaze and helped to create multiple competing "scopic regimes." As a result, the consumer culture of the grands boulevards was not a sterile, depoliticized world of uncritical engagement defined by passive observation and consumption of spectacle and commodity, but rather a culture that celebrated spectacle as a venue for re-infusing the public sphere with social and political ambiguity against the rigid boundaries erected by the medico-legal discourses of the Third Republic
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
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Blackett, Nina Jane. "Mediated transparency : truth, truthfulness, and rightness in digital healthcare discourse." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/941/.
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This thesis addresses the challenges of producing digitally mediated healthcare information, a high-stakes arena which is conceptualised as a complex discourse and its diverse producers as interlocutors within this discourse. The study is located theoretically in the tradition of universal or formal pragmatics, the foundation of Habermas’s theory of communicative action. Building on this theoretical core a conceptual framework is developed that integrates insight from several other traditions, including communication studies. The notion of communicative transparency is aligned with the idealised goal of a rich informational context supporting a range of perspectives in movement towards a balanced and consensual understanding by lay and expert actors of healthcare in our world. The central research question is: Can digital mediation increase the transparency of healthcare communication? The empirical focus rests on two organisations involved in the creation of digital information products. Key mediators of meaning in digital healthcare information are identified as the diverse types of expertise of its producers, the materiality of digital artefacts, and the communicative mechanisms, processes and practices that often lead to departures from the normative idealised standard of transparency. The methodology is a comparative case analysis based on field research employing principally interviews to build a rich corpus, analysed using a recursive in-depth thematic coding procedure to reveal the ways in which digitally mediated healthcare meanings are shaped and shared. The study demonstrates how communicative transparency emerges from shared frames of reference and common models of communication. It is concluded that digital mediation can indeed increase the transparency of healthcare information by supporting the deepening of Habermasian rational discourse, providing that validity claims to truth, truthfulness, and rightness can be raised and resolved at all stages in the discourse among all interlocutors, whatever their role and status.
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Cetnar, Ashley. "Valued Discourse in Oral Examinations for Medical Physicists." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1606920639129938.
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Boyce, Paul. "Men who have sex with men in Calcutta : gender, discourse and anthropology." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/40/.
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In this thesis I analyse paradigms for the conceptualisation of male-to-male sexuality as put forward in HIV/AIDS programming in India. This is an especially pertinent project; over the last decade, international and national HIV/AIDS agencies working in India have increasingly identified men who have sex with men as a ‘target population’ for community based intervention. By contrast, within the broader milieu of Indian society the notion of homosexual identity exercises little cognitive grip as a salient category for the constitution of specific persons. This is not withstanding ‘modern’, predominantly urban, middle class popularisations of ‘gay’ identity, nor the specification of various ‘indigenous’ categories of male-to-male sexuality, which have predominantly been outlined in policy oriented research. As a counterpoint to these concerns my research explores the experiences of men who have sex with men in Calcutta for whom categories of homosexual identity are either completely unfamiliar or, where used, inscribed within a far more subtle mesh of conflicting emotions and allegiances than current studies elucidate. Moreover, I argue that in many contemporary Indian contexts homosexuality is most often signified within relational tropes and social spaces made available within heteronormative parameters. Homosexuality therefore has an isomorphic correspondence to identity, meaning that policy and research needs better conceptions of the tacit conditions of sexual subjectivity. My thesis explores what this assertion means for the cross-cultural study of male-to-male sexuality and HIV/AIDS policy and programming.
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Jewell, Tess. "Gendering Genitals: Medical Discourse and Provider Education on Intersex Conditions." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1525771394081132.
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Domasch, Silke. "Biomedizin als sprachliche Kontroverse die Thematisierung von Sprache im öffentlichen Diskurs zur Gendiagnostik /." Berlin : De Gruyter, 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=0rViAAAAMAAJ.
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Rosenberg, Brett Allen. "Describing the nature of interpreter-mediated doctor-patient communication : a quantitative discourse analysis of community interpreting /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008433.
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Hore, Beth. "How do counselling psychologists in the UK construct their responsibilities to the wider world? : a Foucauldian discourse analysis." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2014. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/681/.
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Counselling psychology’s Professional Practice Guidelines state that "counselling psychologists will consider at all times their responsibilities to the wider world". (Division of Counselling Psychology, 2005, p.7). It is suggested that the way in which counselling psychologists construct their relationship with the wider world could impact on practice, training, research and counselling psychology professional identity. A critique of the extant literature found that this issue has not previously been researched. Five counselling psychologists were asked in semi-structured interviews about their responsibilities to the wider world. Foucauldian Discourse Analysis was applied to the transcript of the interviews. Different constructions of the relationship between counselling psychology and the wider world were identified in the transcript and located in four wider discourses: professionalism, scientific, social activism and guru. Common themes across responsibilities constructed by participants utilising the different discourses included: the wider world being outside of the consulting room; difficulties defining responsibilities; and responsibilities being weighty. Responsibilities to communicate knowledge were constructed using three of the discourses. Both the guru and scientific discourses were mobilised to construct responsibilities to engage with technologies of the self (Foucault, 1988). In contrast the professionalism discourse was used to construct a responsibility to perform to others in order to appear professional. The implications of these constructions for counselling psychology, and the discourses mobilised by participants, are discussed.
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Knabe, Susan Margaret. "Moral pan(dem)ic deviance and disease in Canadian medical discourses on AIDS, 1981-1990 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ40476.pdf.
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Shirey, Jasmine. "Systems of Expression: Counter-Discourse in Online Intersex Communities." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1964.
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Individuals who do not fit neatly into the expected genetic and phenotypic XX/XY binary have been misrepresented, ignored, operated on without consent, denied legal rights, and gaslighted by multiple spheres of dominant society including, but not limited to: medicine, popular culture, and the justice system. Using Michael Foucault’s conception of 'counter-discourse' in conversation with the work of Gayatri Spivak, I ask how online intersex communities (OICs) have participated in counter-discourse by examining forums, blogs, comments, organization websites, memoirs and social media pages.
Major examples of phenomena OICs respond to, engage with, and critique include: surgery on intersex infants; the introduction of the term 'DSD'; intersexuality in popular television shows; chromosomal primacy; and legal standings of intersex individuals in different countries. I found that 'counter-discourse' within OICs include efforts to: redefine the 'truth' against common problematic appeals to medicine, morals, or nature; advocate acceptance of all bodies; and create of a sense of belonging where there is space for people to heal and organize on a foundation of affinity.
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Smith, Sally Lynn. "Religion in the United Nations (UN) political declarations on HIV & AIDS : an interdisciplinary, critical discourse analysis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30615/.
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This interdisciplinary cultural studies research uses critical discourse analysis to review the four political declarations on HIV & AIDS adopted by the United Nations in 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016. Religion is implicated in the tensions and conflicts around issues of HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights in the negotiations that hinders consensus, resulting in compromises and omissions in the texts. The research identifies four dominant discourses in the declarations and an additional two in the wider HIV response of relevance to these tensions; a public health, biomedical discourse; a human rights, gender equality and community engagement discourse; political discourses of leadership and national sovereignty; and a traditional religio-cultural discourse. In the wider HIV response a broader religious discourse and secularist discourse are evident but missing from the text of the declarations. This critical discourse analysis of the declarations investigates how the discourses interact in the text; how the traditional religio-cultural discourse influences the text; what is missing from the final text; and reasons for the gaps. Close textual analysis of the declarations identifies tension between the public health, human rights/gender equality discourses and the traditional religio-cultural and national sovereignty discourses. The traditional religio-cultural discourse operates to limit public health and rights-based approaches to HIV prevention and frames women and girls as passive victims, without agency to exercise their rights. When compared against UNAIDS strategies as a standard, the declarations are missing commitments to address the risks of key populations to HIV. Missing also is reference to any contributions the faith community brings to the epidemic. The broad religious discourse includes supportive approaches to public health, human rights and gender equality, with the potential to bridge gaps in the negotiations. The traditional religious discourse is implicated in gaps in the text on key populations and rights. The dominance of secularism at the UN is implicated in exclusion of the broad religious discourse. While obstacles around rights-based approaches to HIV prevention and key populations persist, common ground and synergies between the discourses exist. Recommendations include: to ask new questions at the UN about the role secularism plays that may increase space for conservative voices to operate; seeking new ways of working to bridge some of the gaps; and including different perspectives that have the potential to bridge the gaps and open up new ways to achieve consensus.
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Park, Yujong. "Analyzing medical discourse the organization of doctor-patient interaction in Korean primary care settings /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1835448471&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Bradder, Annette Mary. "Reflexivity in Professional Practise and The Social Construction of Defensive Medicine: A Study of Discourses of Risk in Medical Practice." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487540.
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Abstract: Viewed in the context of a so-called 'compensation crisis' in the United Kingdom, defensive medicine broadly refers to a response by doctors to the risk of being sued in an action for negligence. However, the interrelated risk discourses of a 'compensation crisis' and defensive medical practice are suffused with controversy and confusion. For example, influenced by the methods of positivism, narrowly constructed 'cause' and 'effect' studies of defensIve medicine have tended to heighten controversy and confusion around the phenomenon. Accordingly, whilst some researchers seem perplexed by the findings of their studies, others appear to have simply abandoned their projects. Thus, in contrast to simplistic 'cause' and 'effect' methods a key aim in this thesis is to adopt a social constructionist, and therefore a reflexive approach to the study of medical practice and discourses of risk. Underpinned by theories of risk and control, the discussion draws upon theoretical concepts that include contestation and therefore 'reflexivity' in knowledge, 'governmentality', trust, autonomy and discretion. In acknowledging in this thesis that risks associated in public discourse with defensive medicine might have some foundation in reality, unlike most studies informed by positivism, neither defensive medicine nor risk are understood as objective realities. Rather, risk is largely considered in relation to representations of the world as being anxious or in crisis of some kind. In sum, thi~/study suggests that 'reflexivity' in professional practice and medical discourses of risk may be viewed within a nexus of social, political, technological and cultural transformation, entailing for example, the organization of trust relations, indeterminacy, and the erosion of control. The thesis is structured around seven chapters. The initial chapters ground the later analysis of data generated via semi-structured interviews with hospital doctors in England and Wales.
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Incarnato, Palma. "Medicina e letteratura nella narrativa del secondo novecento." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL001.
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Cette recherche nait de l’intention de retrouver l’influence du « paradigme médical » dans le récit italien de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle. Aussi, nous sommes nous donné comme objectif celui de reparcourir l’histoire de la médecine, et de voir comment celle-ci a pu influencer tant le texte littéraire que les différents domaines dans lesquels cette discipline s’est imposée comme modèle interprétatif et cognitif. Notre travail a consisté en une revisitation des principales révolutions médicales dans le but de déterminer les ruptures épistémiques qui ont fourni un modèle, applicable à différents domaines (éthique, politique, épistémologie, littérature). En effet, comme l’a affirmé Kuhn, les théories scientifiques devant être considérés comme des « idées », donc le changement de tout paradigmes ne grave pas seulement sur le domaine disciplinaire où celui-ci se vérifie, car il comporte une transformation de tout le système conceptuelle, c’est-à-dire, la manière par laquelle le monde, et donc l’homme, sont perçus. Les principaux changements épistémiques qui se sont succédés – à partir de la naissance de l’anatomie pathologique jusqu’à la génétique – a permis de déterminer quelques éléments forts à travers lesquels ont été décomposés et analysés les textes littéraires pris en examen. Le cadre théorique a permis d’acquérir des renseignements grâce auxquels il a été possible de (re)lire les « cas littéraires » affrontés dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, constitué de certaines œuvres de Primo Levi, de Stefano D’Arrigo et de Valerio Magrelli, dans lesquelles on a trouvé des aspects du même « paradigme » de connaissanceThis research has originated from the intention of finding the influence of the “medical paradigm” in the Italian literature of the second half of the twentieth century. Also, we want to retrace the history of Medicine, and see how it influenced both literary texts and several areas in which it dictate as interpretative and cognitive model. Our work consisted of a revisitation of the main medical revolutions with the aim of determining the epistemic ruptures which supplied a model applicable to different domains (ethics, politics, epistemology, literature). Indeed, as stated by Kuhn, the scientific theories that must be considered as “ideas”, as well as the change of all paradigms, engraves not only on the disciplinary area where it occurs, because it involves a transformation of the conceptual system, that is to say, the way by which the world and the humans are perceived. The main epistemic changes which took place – from the birth of pathological anatomy up to the genetics – has identified some strong elements through which several texts were decomposed and analyzed. The theoretical frame allowed to acquire information which allowed to read the “literary cases” faced in the second part of the thesis, constituted by certain works of Primo Levi, Stefano D’Arrigo and Valerio Magrelli, in which we found aspects of the same “paradigm” of knowledge
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Taylor, Nadine. "The road to sainted motherhood : women in the medical discourse in Québec, 1914-1939." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28028.
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In Quebec, between 1914 and 1939, women were portrayed as keepers of the hearth, roles established since the mid-19th century, and further reinforced in the early 20th century when the Western World was threatened with drops in population, high infant mortality and the general ill-health of society. French Canadian physicians were one of the self-proclaimed leaders and experts who maintained they possessed all the knowledge to cure society's ills. Their attention fell principally on the elimination of infant mortality on the one hand, and the promotion of multiple births on the other. To succeed, physicians maintained that while they held the knowledge, women and mothers were ultimately responsible for applying it. Training for motherhood began as early as childhood and would continue until maturity. Medical prescriptions for francophone mothers relied heavily on religion and patriotism to convince them that quality motherhood was necessary if the French Canadian "race" were to survive in an increasing changing landscape.
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Lillie, Alison Kate. "'The missing discourse' : how does the family history of cancer affect the care needs of palliative care patients?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/293/.
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There is increasing scientific understanding and growing public awareness of the influence of genetics on the development of cancer. It is known that up to ten percent of cancers are associated with a genetic predisposition. This study asks ‘How does the family history of cancer affect the care needs of palliative care patients?’ in this context. This question is addressed using the principles of phenomenology to explore the meaning of a family history of cancer for palliative care patients and nurses. Data was collected through recorded, semi-structured interviews with purposively sampled participants. The information obtained was analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s (1994) framework, where data is displayed, reduced, and conclusions drawn. Emergent themes were organized around Van Manen’s (1990) schema for existential reflection, which considers the relationship between phenomena and four universal themes: lived-body, lived-relationship, lived-time and lived-space. Findings describe how the physical, social, emotional and cultural dimensions of care are modified when viewed through the genetic lens. Patients’ poor understanding of cancer and novice nursing practice (Benner 1984) were barriers to appropriately meeting the needs of this patient group. A new approach to the care of palliative patients with a family history of cancer is proposed.
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Stoyle, Jacci. "A/gender for change : a feminist interrogation of secular and theological discourses relating to the new reproductive technologies." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2480/.
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The aim of this thesis is to deconstruct the ethical framework, in which the theological community deliberates the new reproductive technologies (NRTs) and to interrogate the constructions of woman and the embryo that have correlated into the ensuing discourses from ecclesiastic traditions. The foundational premise is that the church does not fulfil its pastoral and prophetic role in this increasingly vital socio-cultural area, predominantly because woman’s subject position of invisibility in theological discourses prevents the church from speaking differently to the secular world. The methodology establishes the validity of using critical discourse analysis as a tool of deconstruction based on the insights of Michel Foucault. This is then deployed to interrogate the constructions of woman and the embryo circulating in the popular NRT narratives of the media in order to ground a secular baseline. From this vantage point, critical discourse analysis is undertaken on two church reports and three theological texts. The concluding chapter sketches a different framework of moral perception, within which the church would be enabled to offer greater empathy in its pastoral care and also to prophetically challenge macro-systems of power more effectively.
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Buchabqui, Jorge Alberto. "O discurso docente sobre o ensino da cardiologia na graduação médica na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26926.
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Nesta tese, refletimos sobre o discurso docente com base nas falas e/ou escritos relativos às atividades nas disciplinas que envolvem o ensino da cardiologia na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (FAMED/UFRGS). Daí emerge questões a respeito da existência de um padrão discursivo legitimado, orientado pelos ideais do que seja ser médico e pelos modelos de identificação ao realizar a prática médica no hospital geral universitário (HCPA). Tendo ferramentas de Michel Foucault como referência, observamos que diferentes discursos podem coexistir com intensidades diferentes de poder. Assim, interessa-nos conhecer o sujeito falante, no qual são identificadas características do sujeito da educação tradicional e as do sujeito da educação por si. Com isso obtivemos subsídios sobre o projeto pedagógico e debatemos os aspectos do perfil do médico a ser formado segundo as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Os sucessivos movimentos sociais que promoveram a criação das Diretrizes (2001) assumem um grau de significância variado entre os docentes. Constata-se, ainda, a inexistência de um estudo sobre o tema, o que se configura como lacuna Através de entrevistas com estes docentes abordamos como se constituíram professores, como identificam suas trajetórias e quais suas perspectivas futuras enquanto docentes e médicos (e por vezes gestores), atuantes em uma instituição que passa por adaptações fruto das necessidades sociais de seu tempo e também das Diretrizes em voga. Deste modo, apresentamos essa produção em artigos com o intuito de ampliar conhecimentos e discussões sobre o tema, com vistas a colaborar para a promoção de um ensino médico com formação pedagógica qualificada e profissionais críticos e reflexivos.In this dissertation, we make a reflection about the teacher’s discourse based on oral and/or written statements referring to the activities in the courses related to teaching cardiology in the Medicine School of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (FAMED/UFRGS). Questions emerge regarding the existence of a legitimized discursive pattern, oriented by the ideals of what being a doctor is, and by the models of identification as the medical practice is exercised in the university’s general hospital (HCPA). Taking Michael Foucault’s theoretical tools as reference, we observe that different discourses may coexist with different intensities of power. Thus, our interest is to understand the speaking subject, in who are identified characteristics of the traditional subject of education and of the subject of education by itself. With that, we obtained subsidies about the pedagogical Project and we debated the aspects of the profile of the doctor to be formed according to the National Curricular Guidelines. The successive social movements that promoted the creation of the Guidelines (2001) assume a varying degree of significance among the teachers. We also find the inexistence of a study about the theme, which is configured as a gap. Through interviews with these teachers we approach the ways they became teachers, how they identify their trajectories and which are their future perspectives as teachers and doctors (and many times managers), acting in an institution that goes through adaptations due to the social needs of its time and also due to the current Guidelines. This way, we present this production in the form of articles, as to widen the knowledge and discussions about the theme, and aiming at collaborating for the promotion of a medical teaching with a qualified pedagogical formation and critical and reflexive professionals.
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Cordella, Marisa 1961. "The dynamic consultation : a discourse-analytical study of doctor-patient communication in Chilean Spanish." Monash University, Dept. of Linguistics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8920.
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Al, Makoshi Manal A. "Discourse markers and code-switching : academic medical lectures in Saudi Arabia using English as the medium of instruction." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5185/.
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This thesis is a corpus-based study of two spoken academic corpora in English as the (foreign) medium of instruction (EMI) context. The first corpus is compiled of transcripts of academic lectures by non-native speakers (NNS) from an EMI medical college in Saudi Arabia. To compare the data, a second corpus is compiled of similar transcripts by native speakers (NS) taken from the British Academic Spoken English (BASE) corpus. The first part of the research qualitatively and quantitatively investigates the use of English discourse markers (DMs) on two levels: Structural (e.g. okay, so, because) and Interactional (e.g. okay?, I mean, any questions?). Structural DMs are found to function frequently as Topic Initiators, Topic Developers, Summarizers, and Closers, and occur more frequently in NS lectures' discourse. Interactional DMs, which function as Confirmation Checks, Rephrasers and Elicitors, are found to occur more frequently in the NNS lectures. This thesis demonstrates that the uses of DMs by the NS and NNS lecturers are affected by discourse context, pedagogic goals, personal lecturing styles, interaction with students and the need to create a conducive learning environment. The second part explores the use of Arabic discourse markers (ADMs) in the NNS lecture discourse on similar Structural and Interactional levels. Interactional ADMs (e.g. ya3ni {means}, mufhoom? {understood}) have a higher overall frequency than Structural ADMs (fa {so}, laanu {because}). The third part of this thesis explores the pedagogical functions of English-Arabic code-switching (CS) in the NNS lectures. When the purpose of CS is to make meaning clearer and convey knowledge more efficiently, it is not a language barrier but an effective communicative strategy. The data shows that CS is used mainly in seven roles in the NNS lecture discourse: (1) solidarity, (2) reiteration, (3) elaboration, (4) topic, (5) elicitation, (6) checking comprehension and (7) classroom management.
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Mixson-Perez, Nicole. "Sizing Up Miami: A Multilevel Analysis of The Discourses and Politics of Obesity." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1183.
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National media attention sensationalizes the panic of obesity prevalence, placing fat bodies in the spotlight. Scholars employing social and cultural analyses criticize the way negative messages about obesity and fatness are delivered. Few studies directly engage with people of different body sizes asking how their experiences interact with the discourses that frame fat bodies as part of the “epidemic.” The present study is informed by scholarship centered on critical perspectives of health, food and embodiment furthering a critique of the way messages are disseminated by local health and food justice organizations through media campaigns and community programs that heighten fears of fatness. Miami offers a unique lens for a place-based approach to problematize assumptions, politics and discourses about bodies and health. Analysis of interviews with six organization representatives shows an overall emphasis on individually-targeted initiatives that detract from examining structural factors. This phenomenon aligned with mainstream discourse, centering individual choice and responsibility at the heart of the purported problem of obesity. An ethnography of body size, where residents of Miami communities speak to their own perspectives on these organizations and discourses, offers a unique approach showing how messages interact with lived experiences. The narratives of twenty women demonstrate their own concerns and thoughtfulness in making sense of the ubiquitous claims about obesity. My work contributes to critical theoretical perspectives that engage with problems of the body, health, food studies and elements of gender, race and class across numerous disciplines. This multi-disciplinary approach underscores the complexities of embodied experiences of discourses, politics, body size, health and place.
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McEwan, Islay Mary. "'When do I get to run on with the magic sponge?' : a Bourdieusian analysis of practitioner discourse and shifting employments in elite sports medicine in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534459.
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Roberts, Alexander Nelson. "The Construction of Illness Categories in Medicine and Public Policy: AIDS, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and the Problem of Reification." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511872977343143.
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Yen, Jeffery. "Healing at the margins: discourses of culture and illness in psychiatrists', psychologists' and indigenous healers' talk about collaboration." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002600.
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This dissertation explores discourses about culture and illness in the talk of mental health professionals and indigenous healers. It represents an attempt to situate the issue of indigenous healing in South Africa within a particular strand of critical discourse analytic research. In the context of current deliberations on the value, or otherwise, of indigenous healing in a changing health and specifically mental health system, the talk of both mental health practitioners and indigenous healers as they conceptualise “disorder”, and discuss possibilities for collaboration, is chosen as a specific focus for this study. Disputes over what constitutes “disorder” both within mental health, and between mental health and indigenous healing are an important site in which the negotiation of power relations between mental health professionals and indigenous healers is played out. The results of this study suggest that despite the construction of cogent commendations for the inclusion of indigenous healing in mental health, it remains largely marginalised within talk about mental health practice. While this study reproduces to some extent the marginalisation of indigenous healing discourse, it also examines some of the discursive practices and methodological difficulties implicated in its marginalisation. However, in the context of “cultural pride strategies” associated with talk about an African Renaissance, indigenous healing may also function as a site of assertion of African power and resistance in its construction as an essentially African enterprise. At the same time, it may achieve disciplinary effects consonant with cultural pride strategies, in constructing afflictions in terms of neglect of, or disloyalty to cultural tradition. These results are discussed in terms of the methodological difficulties associated with interviewing and discourse analysis of translated texts, which contributes to difficulties with articulating indigenous healing discourse in a way that challenges the dominant psychiatric discourses implicated in its marginalisation within mental health. It concludes with recommendations for future research which addresses indigenous healing discourse in its own terms, and examines its operation as a disciplinary apparatus in South African society.
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Lane, Claire Alice. "A discourse analysis of client and practitioner talk during motivational interviewing sessions : Volume 1 - research component and Volume 2 - clinical component." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3708/.
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Despite many studies of language use in motivational interviewing, the vast majority have based this upon the quantitative coding of practitioner and client linguistic behaviours in order to relate these to client change outcomes. The current study aimed to investigate how clients and practitioners co-constructed the process of change using discourse analysis. Ten MI sessions for alcohol use were analysed in terms of how alcohol was verbally constructed, the functions and effects of rhetorical strategies employed and subject positions. Power and subjectivity were considered alongside these strands of analysis. The findings suggest that clients and therapists constructed alcohol as either a destroyer or facilitator, drawing upon discourses of differing degrees of power, which impacted upon the availability of client positions of agency and expertise in relation to alcohol. There was also a diversity of function within categories of client and practitioner speech. These findings have implications for clinical practice, in terms of moving beyond the recognition of ‘types of client talk’ and responding with an ‘MI consistent’ verbal behaviour, and moving towards reinvigorating the spirit of MI in relation to clinical outcome.
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Cadwallader-Bouron, Delphine. "L'imaginaire de la pathologie : discours médical et écrits romanesques chez Wilkie Collins et Charles Dickens." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030136.
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Les études qui entreprennent d’évaluer la place de la maladie dans les romans de Dickens et Collins adoptent souvent le point de vue du médecin, montrant comment leurs peintures de la maladie constituent des diagnostics scientifiquement exacts. Or la médecine est d’abord un discours sur la maladie : diagnostiquer les personnages des romanciers reviendrait donc à considérer la grille de lecture médicale comme outil d’analyse valable pour évaluer la maladie dans leur œuvre. Cette thèse se propose d’interroger la pertinence d’une telle grille de lecture, qui semble anachronique [ce discours se construit tout au long du XIXe siècle, il n’est donc pas constitué au moment où les deux romanciers écrivent]. Il s’agit de comprendre comment le discours médical s’est imposé au fil du XIXe siècle : pour dire et écrire la maladie, la médecine s’est inspirée d’autres types de discours, et en premier lieu celui du roman, qu’elle a utilisé pour tenter de prendre place dans les esprits victoriens. Après avoir établi les conditions dans lesquelles est né ce nouveau discours normatif, cette thèse analyse la relation de Dickens et Collins avec ce discours. Conscients que les médecins tentent de passer d’un art à une science positive, les deux romanciers semblent se méfier des nouvelles catégories nosographiques et méthodes cliniques. Nous sommes alors fondés à lire leurs romans non plus seulement comme des documents qui questionnent la pathologie scientifique, mais aussi comme des prismes d’autres imaginaires du corps malade. L’étude de leur œuvre dévoile ainsi les soubassements imaginaires de la nouvelle médecine, mais aussi l’esthétique du morbide propre à chacun des deux auteursStudies concentrating on the value of disease in novels by Collins or Dickens often adopt a medical point of view, showing that the novelists depict illness with the eyes of trained clinicians, offering surprisingly precise case studies and diagnoses. This approach sheds light on some episodes; yet, the “medico-realists” seem to overlook that by viewing literature through a medical prism, they are using the tools and rationale of a constructed discourse. Pathology, which is the science that studies the disease and not the disease itself, was created all long the 19th century. Viewing the novelists’ treatment of disease only through the filter of pathology gives a reductive image of the way they understand morbidity. This research aims at deconstructing the medical discourse, and at showing how, to take up Dickens’s words, “for theories, as for organised beings, there is also a Natural Selection and a Struggle for Life”, which str! uggle scientific medicine has apparently won. Doctors have used other types of discourse to create their own, and in so doing, novels have been a great source of inspiration. After positing that medicine creates a myth of positivism, this study goes on to analyse the way Dickens and Collins considered the rise of this new field. Unlike what medico-realists seem to take for granted, the novelists did not subscribe to the new medical methods and even denied understanding disease according to pathological categories. Their use of diseases unexpectedly unveils the way doctors wrote and imagined disease. Studying Dickens’s and Collins’s ways of conceiving pathology offers insight into the imaginary origins of a burgeoning science