Academic literature on the topic 'Medicinal herbal tea'

Background: Medicinal herbs are used in traditional medicine to control and treat many diseases, including diabetes. The use of medicinal plants by diabetic patients has increased dramatically over the past decade. Methods: From diabetic patients covered by Kermanshah Diabetes Center, 51 patients were selected for each of the three groups (herbal medicine, drug therapy, and combination therapy) of type 2 diabetic patients (151 patients in total). After completing the questionnaire, their attitude and practice were compared. Effective factors were also analyzed using chi-square, t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: Significant statistical differences were reported between the mean and standard deviation of patients' attitude toward herbal medicines in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the herbal (17.2±0.8), medicinal (9.7±2.7) and combination group (15.4±2.3) (P<0.001). There was no significant relationship between the level of positive attitude to herbal treatment with age, sex, education level, marital status, occupation and family history of diabetes. But this relationship was significant for the duration of disease and duration of treatment (P=0.01). Cinnamon, green tea, ginger, fenugreek, nettle, and turmeric were the most commonly used medicinal herbs. Conclusions: The results of this study show that diabetic patients with the use of herbal medicine had a better attitude towards the use of herbal medicines than patients with combination or drug treatment alone. Patients with shorter duration of treatment and illness had higher attitudes and performance than herbal medicines.

Various herbal teas including German chamomile, Chrysanthemum Vascuflow herb tea, hop, jasmine and orange flowers, sweet marjoram, spearmint and thyme leaves, and papaya-mint tea as well as coffee substitutes (Bambu instant Swiss, Teeccino chocolate-mint, and Teeccino Mediterranean Espresso) were analyzed for fungal contamination and the presence of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (APC). The results of this investigation showed that fungal counts reached levels as high as 5.8 × 105 colony forming units (cfu) per gram. German chamomile harbored the highest fungal contamination. The most common fungi found in herbal teas were Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Eurotium rubrum, E. chevalieri, A. flavus, Fusarium spp., Alternaria alternata, and yeasts. Among the coffee substitutes, only the chocolate-mint coffee was contaminated with low numbers (<1.0 × 103 cfu g-1) of E. rubrum, Ulocladium spp. and Phoma spp., and with yeasts (< 100–6.8 × 103 cfu g-1). Aerobic mesophilic bacteria were recovered from 100% of the herbal tea, chocolate-mint and Mediterranean Espresso, and from 50% of the Bambu instant Swiss coffee samples. The highest APC counts of 1.2 × 107 cfu g-1 were observed in spearmint leaves.

Although traditional green and black tea is the world’s favourite drink, health or herbal “teas” are becoming increasingly popular. Despite the diversity of indigenous South African plants, only two herbal teas, namely honeybush and rooibos, are presently being produced on a commercial basis. However, a “tea” obtained from the Athrixia phylicoides plant, is extremely popular in the eastern interior of the country and may have commercial potential. Two ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in the Limpopo Province and in KwaZulu-Natal to obtain information on the traditional use of the plant amongst different ethnic groups. It was found that A. phylicoides is used as a herbal “tea”, as a medicine and for the making of brooms. Although A. phylicoides tea is very popular, the plant is most often used for the making of brooms. Medicinally it is used to treat “heart problems”, high blood pressure and diabetes. Only minor ethnically-based differences in medicinal use were revealed by the surveys. Its symbolic value and use during religious ceremonies were previously undocumented. Owing to indiscriminate harvesting techniques practised by pickers from urban areas, the plant is becoming increasingly scarce and may be faced with local extinction.

Abstract This study aimed to assess diagnosis of Unique Health System (SUS) users profile with regard to herbal medicine. This is a cross-sectional study with observational data collection conducted in the city of Marechal Deodoro, through a semi-structured questionnaire with questions related to socioeconomic data, use, and knowledge of medicinal plants and herbal medicines and satisfaction with the use of medicinal herbs (MH) and interactions of phytotherapeutic drugs (PD). Among the topics, 86.89% of users used herbal medicines often, especially lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). It was also observed that the plants are generally used as a sedative (21.74%) and as tea (87.84%). 82.32% of respondents claim to have acquired the knowledge of herbal medicine through a family member and 85.36% make use of medicinal plants without having received any information on the use of MH and PD. 61% of the plants described that coincided with the form of use and therapeutic properties found in the literature. With regard to satisfaction by treatment with MH and PD, it was found that 56.67% are satisfied. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to this aspect of usage, in order to avoid possible drug interactions or adverse reactions resulting from the incorrect use.

Herbal extracts and isolated plant compounds play an increasing role in the treatment of skin disorders and wounds. Several new herbal drugs, medicinal products and cosmetic products for the treatment of various skin conditions have been developed in recent years. In this nonsystematic review, we focus on herbal drugs that were tested in controlled clinical studies or in scientifically sound preclinical studies. The herbal biomedicines are intended to treat atopic dermatitis (St. John’s wort, licorice, tormentil, bitter substances, evening primrose), psoriasis (araroba tree, lace flower, barberry bark, indigo, turmeric, olibanum, St. John’s wort), actinic keratosis (birch bark, petty spurge), herpes simplex (lemon balm, sage and rhubarb), rosacea (green tea, licorice, tormentil) and acne vulgaris (tea tree oil, green tea, hop), or to improve photo protection (green tea, Dyer’s weed, cocoa tree, carotinoids, licorice), aesthetic dermatology (licorice, pine bark, gotu kola) and wound healing (birch bark, onion).

The identification of yacon, a medicinal plant, in tea mixtures by rapid Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the Direct Analysis in Real Time coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (DART/TOF-MS) method were evaluated. Three tea products and a pure yacon tea were analysed using the molecular method PCR, concretely the intraspecific variation of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA and the DART method coupled with TOF-MS. The results show the reliability of PCR and restriction cleavage of the ITS as a combined approach to confirm the presence of yacon in herbal tea mixtures. Three fragments of approximately 700, 408, and 235 bp in length are present when yacon is a part of the herbal tea mixture. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on the fingerprints of the complete Total Ion Current (TIC) mass spectra shows sufficient separation of herbal teas with and without yacon leaves. The reported methods are technically rapid and can be used as an effective tool for the purposes of yacon identification or authentication.

Diabetes mellitus is a dreadful disease caused by the increase in hepatic glucose production and impaired insulin action. The usage of herbal based medicine has been increasing tremendously in both developing and developed countries over the last three decades. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive review of antidiabetic activity of following medicinal plants like Gymnema sylvestris, Rubia cardifolia, Bilberry, Green Tea, Salacia reticulate, Berberis aristata, Pterocarpus marsupium, Fenugreek, Ashwagandha, Bitter melon. The efficiency of these medicinal plants may regulate the diabetic metabolic abnormalities. This work would help researchers to choose potential herbal for diabetic treatment

“Bau Luang” or Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. is an aquatic medicinal herb that has been used as a component of traditional medicines, medicinal products, and herbal tea for good health, particularly in Asia. The stamen of N. nucifera is an important part of this medicinal plant that is used in the form of dried and/or powdered stamens for herbal tea as well as the main ingredient of some traditional remedies. However, there is another aquatic herb called “Bau Sai” or Nymphaea lotus L. that is distributed in similar locations. Living plants of these two aquatic species may be classified according to their morphology, but the dried and powdered stamens of these two medicinal species are difficult to distinguish. The major reason of adulteration is the higher price of Bau Luang stamen. As a result, various methods of authentication, such as pollen micromorphology evaluation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, bioinformatics analysis of two nuclear and plastic DNA markers, phytochemical stamen profiling, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of stamen plant material authentication from Bau Luang and Bau Sai, have been used in this present research in order to avoid some adulteration and/or misuse between the dried stamens of Bau Luang and Bau Sai. These results showed that the micro-morphology of pollen (size of pollen grain, number of apertures, and surface ornamentation) from the SEM analysis, some phytochemical compounds and the FTIR sporopollenin-to-protein ratio signal analysis are potential tools for authentication and identification of these two medicinal plants from their dried-stamen materials. This model of investigation may also be used to distinguish dried plant material from other problematic plant groups.

<p>Camellia sinensis (tea) and Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) may improve reproductive function owing to their antioxidant properties. To test this<br /> hypothesis, male and female rats were given 2% and 5% green tea (Gt), black tea (Bt), unfermented rooibos (Ur) or fermented rooibos (Fr) as sole source of drinking for 52 and 21 days respectively. Control rats received tap water. In addition, TM3 Leydig cells were exposed to 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 % aqueous extracts of green tea, black tea, unfermented and fermented rooibos for 24h. In vitro analysis of tea and the herbal infusion revealed the phenolic property and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) in the order Gt &gt<br>Bt &gt<br>Ur &gt<br>Fr. Camellia sinensis and Aspalathus linearis revealed no significant effect on serum antioxidant capacity (p &gt<br>0.05) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the kidney or liver in both male and female rats and in the testes of the male rats (p &gt<br>0.05). In addition, the antioxidant levels were maintained in the testes, liver and kidneys in both the male and female rats. In the male rats, no significant alterations were observed in body weight gain, liver and reproductive organs weight, and serum testosterone (p &gt<br>0.05). Only, 5% green tea significantly increased testosterone level (p &lt<br>0.05). Seminiferous tubules displayed complete spermatogenesis with abundant sperm in the lumen in all treated groups. However, a significant decrease in diameter and germinal epithelial height of these tubules were observed (p &lt<br>0.05). In the epididymides, epithelial height of caput region showed a significant increase (p &lt<br>0.01), while the cauda region was increased by Camellia sinensis but decreased by Aspalathus linearis. Sperm concentration improved significantly by green tea and unfermented rooibos (p &lt<br>0.05), while black tea and fermented rooibos produced a non significant effect (p &gt<br>0.05). Sperm viability was enhanced in all treatment groups (p &lt<br>0.05). Furthermore, green tea, black tea and unfermented rooibos significantly improved the motility of rat sperm (p &lt<br>0.05)<br>fermented rooibos tended to improve it (p &gt<br>0.05). In addition, green tea, black tea and fermented rooibos enhanced acrosome reaction (p &lt<br>0.05). Creatinine activity was significantly higher in rats treated with black tea, unfermented rooibos or fermented rooibos (p &lt<br>0.05), green tea tended to increase it (p &gt<br>0.05) reflecting the significant increased kidney weight in the treatment groups at high concentrations. Liver markers, ALT and AST, decreased significantly in all treated groups (p &lt<br>0.05), except in 5% fermented rooibos where a significant increase in AST level was observed (p &lt<br>0.01). In the female rats, the body weight gain, and reproductive organs weight was no affected (p &gt<br>0.05). However, 5% fermented rooibos reduced the ovarian weight (p &lt<br>0.05), while 5% unfermented rooibos significantly increased the uterine weight (p &lt<br>0.05). Liver weight increased significantly by black tea and unfermented rooibos (p &lt<br>0.05) while the kidney weight increased significantly by 5% black tea (p &lt<br>0.05). No significant effect was observed in the level of FSH produced, on the other hand, Camellia sinensis significantly lowered the level of LH (p &lt<br>0.05), while Aspalathus linearis had no effect (p &gt<br>0.05). Creatinine activity was enhanced significantly only by 5% fermented rooibos (p &lt<br>0.05). Liver markers, ALT and AST were reduced in most treated groups except in fermented rooibos where an increase was observed. In addition, histological sections revealed no obvious alteration in the ovaries, uteri, kidneys and liver of all treated female rats. Camellia sinensis and Aspalathus linearis significantly reduced the level of testosterone produced in TM3 Leydig cells under stimulated conditions in vitro (p&lt<br>0.05). Furthermore, both plants maintained the viability and morphology of the cells. However, at 0.5% of either plant extracts, a significant decrease in the viability (p &lt<br>0.05) and altered morphology of the TM3 Leydig cells was observed. In conclusion, Camellia sinensis and Aspalathus linearis significantly improved certain sperm function which might be attributed to their high level of antioxidant activity. However, the prolonged exposure of both plant extracts might result in subtle structural changes in the male reproductive system and impair kidney function. In addition, fermented rooibos at high concentration may also impair the functions of the liver. In vitro, both plants were shown to possess anti-androgenic property on TM3 Leydig cells. Furthermore, both Camellia sinensis and Aspalathus linearis may be classified as weak phytoestrogens due to the changes in the weight of the uterus and ovaries observed.</p>

Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.<br>The increase in antibiotic resistant bacterial and fungal infections and the prevalence of oxidative stress-related conditions including cancers, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes has led to a consensus among pharmaceutical companies, clinicians and researchers that novel antimicrobial and antioxidant approaches are needed. These should be ideally efficacious, non toxic, easily accessible and affordable. There has been an increased interest in the identification of medicinal plants that possess both these bioactivities in an intrinsically related manner, allowing the simultaneous prevention of these ailments. Two South African herbal teas, rooibos and honeybush have been associated with a long history of medicinal use, hence their consideration for the current study. Numerous studies have been performed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of these South African herbal teas, however limited information about their antimicrobial activity currently exists.<br>National Research Foundation

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas<br>A Fitoterapia é uma terapêutica não convencional que tem vindo, ao longo das últimas décadas, a despertar o interesse da comunidade geral e científica, nomeadamente pelo seu possível papel na prevenção do cancro. Esta patologia constitui, ainda, uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. Algumas plantas têm demonstrado um potencial papel preventivo na ocorrência e/ou progressão do cancro (tal como outras doenças crónicas). Na primeira parte deste trabalho, apresenta-se uma abordagem aos conceitos de Fitoterapia, fitofármaco e fitoterápico. Segue-se uma perspetiva histórica do conceito de fitoterapia, evidenciando o crescente interesse demonstrado pela comunidade geral e científica nesta área. Como consequência deste interesse generalizado expõem-se, em seguida, aspetos importantes relacionados com a qualidade, eficácia e segurança na utilização de plantas medicinais, ou seja, critérios específicos e questões legais que envolvem e regem o seu uso. Na segunda parte desta contextualização teórica, apresenta-se uma breve exposição sobre o cancro e de seguida descreve-se, com base numa revisão da literatura, o impacto das plantas medicinais na prevenção desta patologia. No terceiro ponto, são analisadas pormenorizadamente as plantas com maior impacto na prevenção do cancro. Sobre as mesmas abordar-se-ão os seus compostos ativos, os mecanismos de ação subjacentes, efeitos secundários, interações com fármacos e, por fim, a respectiva influência na prevenção do cancro. Phytotherapy is an unconventional therapy that has, over the past decades, to arouse the interest of the scientific community generally and especially for its implication in cancer prevention. This pathology is also a major cause of death all over the world. Some plants have demonstrated a potential preventive role in the occurrence and/or progression of cancer (such as other chronic diseases). The first part of this work, consists of an approach to the concepts of phytotherapy, herbal medicine and phytochemical. Then follows a historical perspective of the concept of herbal medicine, highlighting the growing interest shown by the general community and this area. As a result of the widespread interest on phytotherapy, important aspects related to the quality, efficacy and safety in the use of medicinal plants, ie, specific criteria and legal issues that surround and govern your use were addressed. In the second part of this study, a brief exposition of the cancer is presented and then described, based on a literature review, the impact of medicinal plants in the prevention of this disease. Finally, the plants with the greatest impact on cancer prevention, we analyzed in detail. Namely, the active compounds, the effects, drug interactions, and ultimately, their influence on cancer prevention.

<p>Artemisia Afra, a popular South African traditional herbal medicine is commonly administered as a tea infusion of the leaves. However, clinical trials proving it safety and efficacy are lacking mainly due to the absence of good quality dosage forms and credible placebos for the plant. The objectives of this study were to prepare a standardized preparation of the plant leaves and freeze-dried aqueous extract powder of the leaves, in a tea bag dosage form and to design and prepare credible placebos for these plant materials.</p>

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The present study employed a two-phased approach to investigate the possible mechanisms involved in the chemopreventive properties of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and different honeybush species (Cyclopia spp.) in vitro. In the first phase, the effect of unfermented methanol and aqueous herbal tea extracts against the growth parameters (cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis) of normal (CRL 7761); premalignant (HaCaT); and malignant (CRL 7762) skin cells was evaluated and compared to green tea extracts. The predictive potential of polyphenol content (total polyphenol and flavanol/proanthocyanidins) and antioxidant properties (ABTS; ORAC; FRAP and LPO) in the biological activity of extracts in cells was also assessed. Of the herbal teas, the methanol extract of rooibos was the most active and it inhibited the growth of skin cells presumably by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction via membrane depolarisation. At lower concentrations, this activity was associated with inhibition of cell proliferation that was selective for cancer cells whilst higher concentrations induced apoptosis that was more prominent in premalignant cells. The strong antioxidant properties of the extracts implicated the role of pro-oxidative polyphenol/iron interactions involving monomeric flavonoids and polymeric proanthocyanidins in the cytotoxic effects of rooibos. The strong relationship between total polyphenolic and flavanol/proanthocyanidins content, antioxidant properties and reduction of cell viability indicated that these parameters (polyphenols and antioxidant properties) can serve as predictive tools for the cytotoxic effects of rooibos in vitro. The aqueous extracts of honeybush species, although weaker, displayed similar effects to rooibos extracts in cells with C. genistoides being the most effective at selectively inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells whilst the pro-apoptotic activity of C. subternata and C. intermedia was more prominent in premalignant cells. The underlying mechanisms are also likely to result from pro-oxidative mechanisms resulting from polyphenol/iron interactions that mainly involve polymeric flavanol-like proanthocyanidin compounds in honeybush. In contrast, the methanol extracts exhibited weaker cytotoxic effects and protected cancer cells from going into apoptosis. The cytoprotective effects of honeybush species are possibly mediated by the major monomeric compounds such as mangiferin and hesperidin through antioxidant mechanisms that result in reduction of oxidative stress. Due to the possible dual role of the monomeric and polymeric compounds in the honeybush extracts, the total polyphenolic content of these herbal teas may not be a good indicator of biological activity in vitro. However, as aqueous extracts displayed high flavanol/proanthocyanidins content and exceptional activity in the ABTS assay, these parameters may be considered as indicators of cytotoxicity. On the other hand, methanol extracts, particularly from the xanthone-rich species (C. genistoides and C. longifolia) which exhibited the weakest cytotoxic effects, were more active in the ORAC thus this assay may be a useful predictor for cytoprotective activity. In the second phase, an in vitro UVB/HaCaT model which used IL-1α as a biomarker for early inflammation was developed and validated with known anti-inflammatory compounds, dexamethasone and ibuprofen. It was used to determine the specific mechanisms involved in the modulatory effects of the herbal tea extracts against inflammation. Rooibos extracts and the aqueous extract of honeybush enhanced the cytotoxic effects of UVB in the model and exhibited indirect anti-inflammatory effects as they removed icIL-1α containing cells via apoptosis. In contrast, methanol extracts of honeybush exacerbated icIL-1α by protecting UVB stimulated cells from undergoing apoptosis. In conclusion, methanol extract of rooibos and aqueous extracts of honeybush species may be useful in protecting the skin after UVB exposure. These herbal tea extracts may block initiation and delay the promotion stage during skin carcinogenesis by removing premalignant cells via apoptosis and preventing onset of inflammation. In contrast, due to their cytoprotective effects, methanol extracts of honeybush may be more effective at preventing oxidative stress in skin before UVB exposure. Future studies should focus on the effects of extracts and polyphenolic fractions on the oxidative status of the cells and development of biomarkers of chemoprevention that can be utilised in vivo and in human skin.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie word moontlike velkankerwerende eienskappe van rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) en ‘n aantal heuningbos (Cyclopia spp.) spesies deur twee afsonderlike benaderings bestudeer. Die eerste benadering ondersoek die effek van die kruietee op groeiparameters van velselle [lewensvatbaarheid, groei en dood van normale selle (CRL 7761), vroeë kankerselle (HaCaT) en kankerselle (CRL 7762)]. Tydens eksperimente is die moontlikheid om polifenoolinhoud (totale polifenole, en flavanol/proantosianidiene verhouding) en antioksidant-eienskappe te gebruik om die biologiese funksies van die ekstrakte in die selle te voorspel, geevalueer. Die metanolekstrak van rooibos het die groei van selle die effektiefste gestop, moontlik deur depolarisasie van die mitokondriale membraan. By lae konsentrasies van die ekstrak is die groei van kankerselle selektief gestop, terwyl vroeë kankerselle die sensitiefste by hoër konsentrasies was. Die hoë antioksidant-aktiwiteit van die rooibosekstrak kan moontlik ‘n rol speel in die indusering van sitotoksiese effekte in die selle en kan toegeskryf word aan die pro-antioksidant aktiwiteit van die polifenole weens hul interaksie met yster. ‘n Spesifieke funksie word vir die monomeriese flavonoïede en die polimeriese proantosianidiene geïmpliseer. Die sterk verwantskap tussen die totale polifenoolinhoud, flavanol/proantosianidien inhoud en antioksidant aktiwiteit met die verlaging in selgroei, maak hul relevante parameters van die voorspellingsmodel. Die waterekstrakte van heuningbos induseer ook soortgelyke maar swakker effekte met die induksie van kankersel dood, met C. genistoides die selektiefste en C. subternata en C. intermedia die aktiefste spesies wat die groei van die vroeë kanker selle inhibeer. Die onderliggende meganismes betrokke blyk ook aan ‘n pro-oksidant effek toe geskryf te wees, waartydens spesifieke polifenool/yster interaksies betrokke is. In teenstelling met rooibos, beskerm die metanolekstrak van heuningbos kankerselle teen seldood, wat moontlik verband hou met die antioksidant-eienskappe van die hoof monomeriese polifenole, mangiferien/isomangiferien en hesperidien. Vanweë die dubbele rol van die monomeriese polifenole en polimeriese verbindings in heuninghbosekstrakte is die totale polifenol inhoud nie ‘n goeie indikator van die biologiese aktiwiteit in vitro nie. Daarenteen is die flavanol/proantosianien inhoud en die hoë aktiwiteit in die ABTS antioksidanttoets goeie indikators om seldood te voorspel. In teenstelling hiermee het die metanolekstrakte van die xantoon-ryke spesies (C. genistoides en C. longifolia) ‘n baie lae effek op seldood, maar ‘n hoë aktiwitiet in die ORAC toets getoon, wat ‘n goeie rigtingwyser is om die beskermende effek in selle te voorspel. Met die tweede benadering is die anti-inflammatoriese eienskappe en die onderliggende meganismes van die kruietee ondersoek in ‘n UVB/HaCaT selmodel. Intrasellulêre interleukin 1α (IL-1α) is as merker gebruik en die model is geëvalueer deur bekende anti-inflammatoriese verbindings soos dexamethasone en ibuprofin te gebruik. Die metanolekstrak van rooibos en die waterekstrak van heuningbos het die toksiese effek van UVB in die model verhoog deur selle met verhoogde vlakke,van icIL-1α te verwyder deur middel van die induksie van seldood. Die metanolekstrak beskerm die selle teen die oksidatiewe skade wat deur UVB geïnduseer word en verwyder nie selle met hoë IL-1α vlakke nie. Ter opsomming blyk dit dat die metanolekstrak van rooibos en die waterekstrak van heuningbos moontlik gebuik kan word om die vel te beskerm teen die induksie van icIL-1α en sodoende die inisiëring van kanker te blokkeer en ook die promosie van kanker te vertraag. Die beskermende effek van die metanolekstrak kan moontlik aangewend word om die oksidatiewe skade wat deur UVB veroorsaak word teen te werk deur dit aan te wend voordat blootstelling plaasvind. Toekomstige studies behoort verdere karakterisering van die polifenoolsamestelling van die ekstrakte in te sluit en hul effek op die oksidatiewe status en anti-inflammoriese effekte van selle te bepaal ten einde sekere merkers te identifiseer vir vel studies in vivo.

Lietuvoje vaistinių arbatų suvartojimas mažėja jau ketvirtus metus iš eilės, kai tuo tarpu išsivysčiusiose Pasaulio šalyse susidomėjimas augaliniais vaistiniais preparatais didėja. Taip pat Lietuvoje stebima ir vaistinių augalų arbatų asortimento kaita. Arbatų, registruotų kaip tradiciniai augaliniai preparatai, vaistinėse ženkliai mažėja, o maistinių arbatų daugėja. 2014 metų duomenimis Lietuvos Respublikos Valstybiniame vaistų registre yra užregistruotos tik 25 vaistinės arbatos, iš kurių 13 yra mišiniai ir 12 - vienkomponentės arbatos. Šio darbo tikslas - ištirti vaistinių augalų arbatų asortimentą ir pardavimų tendencijas Lietuvos vaistinėse. Siekiant tikslingai atlikti analizę, išsikelti uždaviniai: atlikti literatūros apie vaistinių augalų arbatas analizę, ištirti Lietuvos vaistinėse parduodamų vaistinių augalų arbatų asortimentą, vaistinių augalų arbatų paklausos priklausomybę nuo sezono, nustatyti, kurios vaistinių augalų arbatos yra populiariausios. Tiriamasis darbas - tai vaistažolių arbatų pardavimų Lietuvos vaistinėse aprašomoji analizė, kuriai pasirinktas 2012 metų laikotarpis, surašant kiekvieno mėnesio arbatų pardavimus pasirinktose vaistinėse nuo sausio iki gruodžio imtinai. Atlikus analizę, nustatyta, kad daugiausia (57,85 proc.) yra parduodama „Acorus Calamus“ gaminamos arbatų produkcijos. Arbata fasuota filtro paketėliuose yra 1,71 proc. populiaresnė nei palaida (biri) arbata. Nustatyta, kad nors ir ne ženkliai, tačiau daugiau parduodama vienkomponenčių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>Consumption of medicinal tea in Lithuania has been falling for already four years in a row, while the developed world interest in herbal products is increasing. It is also observed that the range of medicinal plant teas is changing in Lithuania. Teas that are registered as traditional herbal medicines, are significantly decreasing in pharmacies, while nutrient teas are increasing. According to 2014 data from the State Register of Medicinal Products of the Republic of Lithuania there are registered only 25 medicinal teas, out of which 13 are mixtures and 12 - single-component teas. The aim of this scientific work is to explore a range of medicinal herbal teas and their sales trends in Lithuanian pharmacies. In order to carry out targeted analysis, the work deals with these tasks: to make the literature analysis on medicinal plant teas, to examine the range of medicinal plants teas sold in the Lithuanian pharmacies, to investigate the medicinal herbal teas elasticity of demand from season, to determine which medicinal plant teas are the most popular. This research work includes the descriptive analysis of the herbal teas sales in Lithuanian pharmacies, for which the period of 2012 was selected; the sales of teas in selected pharmacies were investigated each month from January to December. The analysis showed that the majority (57.85 percent) of sold teas are of “Acorus Calamus” producer. Tea, bagged in sachet filter, is 1.71 percent more popular than loose tea. It was also... [to full text]

This chapter per the authors will introduce the reader to Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and shall discuss herbalism as a subset of CAM. Particular emphasis will be placed on herbal teas or rather infusions and decoctions used in disease therapy. This chapter will enumerate the different types of teas and shall use maps, graphs, and other tools to illustrate location, consumption, use and availability. Furthermore, the authors will highlight potential health benefits, recent studies (in vitro, in vivo) undertaken by research scientists to validate efficacy, and shall call for more research (clinical data management, clinical trials, etc.) and support for ongoing work in this area of expertise. The authors shall place a spotlight on the plant family, Asteraceae, and their herbal plants of interest, Artemisia annua and Brickellia cavanillesii. Extensive studies have been performed to determine the therapeutic potential of Brickellia cavanillesii plant at Ernest E. Smith laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA.

This chapter per the authors will introduce the reader to Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and shall discuss herbalism as a subset of CAM. Particular emphasis will be placed on herbal teas or rather infusions and decoctions used in disease therapy. This chapter will enumerate the different types of teas and shall use maps, graphs, and other tools to illustrate location, consumption, use and availability. Furthermore, the authors will highlight potential health benefits, recent studies (in vitro, in vivo) undertaken by research scientists to validate efficacy, and shall call for more research (clinical data management, clinical trials, etc.) and support for ongoing work in this area of expertise. The authors shall place a spotlight on the plant family, Asteraceae, and their herbal plants of interest, Artemisia annua and Brickellia cavanillesii. Extensive studies have been performed to determine the therapeutic potential of Brickellia cavanillesii plant at Ernest E. Smith laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA.