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Journal articles on the topic 'Medicinal plant extracts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Vicaș, Laura Grațiela, and Mariana Eugenia Mureșan. "Medicinal Plant Extracts." Plants 10, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050838.

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2

Solowey, Elisha, Michal Lichtenstein, Sarah Sallon, Helena Paavilainen, Elaine Solowey, and Haya Lorberboum-Galski. "Evaluating Medicinal Plants for Anticancer Activity." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/721402.

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Plants have been used for medical purposes since the beginning of human history and are the basis of modern medicine. Most chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment are molecules identified and isolated from plants or their synthetic derivatives. Our hypothesis was that whole plant extracts selected according to ethnobotanical sources of historical use might contain multiple molecules with antitumor activities that could be very effective in killing human cancer cells. This study examined the effects of three whole plant extracts (ethanol extraction) on human tumor cells. The extracts were fromUrtica membranacea(Urticaceae),Artemesia monosperma(Asteraceae), andOriganum dayi post(Labiatae). All three plant extracts exhibited dose- and time-dependent killing capabilities in various human derived tumor cell lines and primary cultures established from patients’ biopsies. The killing activity was specific toward tumor cells, as the plant extracts had no effect on primary cultures of healthy human cells. Cell death caused by the whole plant extracts is via apoptosis. Plant extract 5 (Urtica membranacea) showed particularly strong anticancer capabilities since it inhibited actual tumor progression in a breast adenocarcinoma mouse model. Our results suggest that whole plant extracts are promising anticancer reagents.
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3

Jangid, Renu, and Tahira vbegum. "Antimycotic Activity of Leaf Extracts of Medicinal Plants Against Dermatophytes." Journal of Fungal Diversity 1, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2766-869x.jfd-20-3603.

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Plant products have been used as medicines against fungal infectious diseases. In this research antimycotic activity of the leaf extracts of five medicinal plants (Nerium indicum, Catheranthus roseus, Lantana camera, Ziziphus mauritiana) were tested against three dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum. gypseum). Development of more effective and less toxic antimycotic agents is required for the treatment of dermatophytosis. The plant materials were extracted with methanol, ethanol and diethyl ether solvent to investigate their antimycotic activities in Vitro. Ethanol and methanol extracts of all selected medicinal plants were showed the positive activity against all tested dermatophytes. Diethyl ether extract was showed lowest activity against T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum and showed moderate activity against M. gypseum. The three dermatophytes differed with regard to their susceptibility to plant extracts.
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Fraser, Marie-Hélène, Alain Cuerrier, Pierre S. Haddad, John T. Arnason, Patrick L. Owen, and Timothy Johns. "Medicinal plants of Cree communities (Québec, Canada): antioxidant activity of plants used to treat type 2 diabetes symptomsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 2 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, no. 11 (November 2007): 1200–1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y07-108.

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Traditional medicines (TM) used to treat symptoms of diabetes by two Cree communities were assessed for their free radical scavenging activity using the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and their ability to protect human low-density lipoprotein from Cu2+-mediated oxidation by measuring lag time before the appearance of conjugated dienes and formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Water-soluble phenolic content was also measured. A total of 20 medicinal plants from Whapmagoostui and 16 from Mistissini were compared with 16 extracts of plants that were not used medicinally. Medicinal plant extracts, particularly those from Larix laricina, displayed high antioxidant activity, comparable with ascorbic acid, Trolox, and the known antioxidant flavonoids quercetin, epicatechin, catechin. Extracts of Pinaceae and Ericaceae contained the highest levels of phenolics. Factors such as season and area of plant collection, as well as the plant part from which the extract was derived, affected antioxidant activity. Positive correlations were found between the established traditional knowledge of Cree Elders and Healers and the antioxidant activity for medicinal plants used in Mistissini (r = 0.3134; p = 0.058) and in Whapmagoostui (r = 0.5165; p = 0.001). Significant correlations between phenolic content were also seen with the existing ethnobotanical data (r = 0.5015; p = 0.003) and bioassays (r = 0.4178; p = 0.003). These results indicate that a clear majority of plants used by the Cree are excellent sources of antioxidants.
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5

Uddin, Shaikh J., I. Darren Grice, and Evelin Tiralongo. "Cytotoxic Effects of Bangladeshi Medicinal Plant Extracts." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep111.

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To investigate the cytotoxic effect of some Bangladeshi medicinal plant extracts, 16 Bangladeshi medicinal plants were successively extracted withn-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water. The methanolic and aqueous extracts were screened for cytotoxic activity against healthy mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3) and three human cancer-cell lines (gastric: AGS; colon: HT-29; and breast: MDA-MB-435S) using the MTT assay. Two methanolic extracts (Hygrophila auriculataandHibiscus tiliaceous) and one aqueous extract (Limnophila indica) showed no toxicity against healthy mouse fibroblasts, but selective cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (IC501.1–1.6 mg mL−1). Seven methanolic extracts fromL. indica,Clerodendron inerme,Cynometra ramiflora,Xylocarpus moluccensis,Argemone mexicana,Ammannia bacciferaandAcrostichum aureumand four aqueous extracts fromHygrophila auriculata,Bruguiera gymnorrhiza,X. moluccensisandAegiceras corniculatumshowed low toxicity (IC50> 2.5 mg mL−1) against mouse fibroblasts but selective cytotoxicity (IC500.2–2.3 mg mL−1) against different cancer cell lines. The methanolic extract ofBlumea lacerashowed the highest cytotoxicity (IC500.01–0.08 mg mL−1) against all tested cell lines among all extracts tested in this study. For some of the plants their traditional use as anticancer treatments correlates with the cytotoxic results, whereas for others so far unknown cytotoxic activities were identified.
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6

Gouramma Patil and Sharanabasappa B Patil. "Biological synthesis of Nanoparticles from Medicinal Plants: Recent Studies." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.4142.

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In a recent trend, nanotechnology has been developed to be an important field of research in various fields like medicinal chemistry, pharmaceuticals and all. On the other hand, compared to chemical method of synthesis, method of synthesis of nanoparticles by green method is simple, effective & ecofriendly. Plant extracts are obtained from the plant, creep, cereals, etc. generally natural extracts are prepared by decoction method or solid powder formation method. The natural extracts are very much effective in the medicinal approach. The study of Nano sized particles towards natural extracts has given a novel way in the field of medicines. So from the nanomaterials of natural extracts, one can expect still good effective results. As we know that preparation of nanoparticles through green approach is one of the good selections in the view of betterment of ecology. Therefore by taking aqueous extracts of medicinal plants’ parts and metal ions, nanoparticles can be synthesized. The plant extract and metal ions are taken in a fixed ratio and keep at room temperature for the reduction. The Changes in the Color confirmed the formation of nanoparticles. Further, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV, EPMA, XRD and FTIR data.
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7

Maharjan, Naresh, Anjana Singh, Mangala D. Manandhar, Shaila Basnyai, Binod Lekhak, and Surya K. Kalauni. "Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Medicinal Plants." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (March 10, 2013): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7738.

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Plant and plant products are used as medicine from the beginning of human civilization. This study compares the antibacterial activity of crude hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts of nine different medicinal plants used in traditional Nepalese medicine, tested against 10 species of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 20063), Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49132), Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella dysenteriae by agar well diffusion method. The selected parts of these medicinal plants namely Acorus calamus (Rhizome), Aegle marmelos (Fruit), Asparagus racemosus (Tuberous root), Mimosa pudica (Root), Terminalia bellirica (Fruit), Terminalia chebula (Fruit), Tinospora cordifolia (Stem), Woodfordia fruticosa (Flower) and Holarrhena antidysenterica (Seed) were taken for study.The result showed that out of nine tested plants, four plant extracts (44%) showed activity against at least five or more tested bacteria and five plant extracts (56%) were active against three or less than three bacteria. None of the tested plant extracts was active against all the tested bacteria. A. racemosus was the least effective against bacterial species. S. aureus was the most susceptible bacteria being sensitive to 18 extracts from 9 medicinal plants. P. vulgaris was the most resistant bacteria being resistant to all selective plants. The MBC value ranges from 3.12 mg/ml to >50 mg/ml. Lowest MBC was shown by ethylacetate extract of T. bellirica against E. coli and ethylacetate extract of W. fruticosa against S. dysenteriae. Largest ZOI (31 mm) was produced by ethylacetate extract of T. bellirica. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 209-214 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7738
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8

Sunayana Manipal, Lubna Fathima, Sajid T Hussain, and Venkat R. "Efficacy of anti-bacterial and anti-fungal action on four medicinal plants extract the A.arabica, T.chebula, A.indica, and V.vinifera against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans -An in-vitro study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 4 (October 16, 2019): 3121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1608.

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The aim of the study was to test the anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal activity of four medical plants extract the A.arabica, T.chebula, A.indica, and V.vinifera against the streptococcus mutants and Candida albicans organisms. The extracts obtained from the medicinal plant of A.arabica, T.chebula, A.indica, and V.vinifera was procured and powdered. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the obtained extracts was determined by using the tube dilution method, and the bacterial strains of Streptococcus mutants and Candida albicans were cultured into the extract obtained at a concentration of 1mg/ml, 500µg/ml, 250µg/ml, and 100µg/ml respectively. The extracts obtained from A.arabica and T.chebula had a better anti-bacterial property when compared to the other two medicinal plants and the extracts obtained from A.indica and V.vinifera had a better anti-fungal property when compared to the other two medicinal plants. These plants extracts showed the anti-bacterial property in previous studies to add on to the review of literature in our study it proved that A.indica and V.vinifera had a better anti-fungal activity when compared to another two medicinal plant extract. The clinical significance of the medicinal plant extract can be effectively used as an anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agent as it was compared with the gold standard values of Streptomycin and Amphotericin B.
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9

Kirui, J. K., K. Kotut, and P. O. Okemo. "Efficacy of aqueous plant extract in disinfecting water of different physicochemical properties." Journal of Water and Health 13, no. 3 (April 8, 2015): 848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.002.

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This study explored the possibility of disinfecting water using aqueous extracts of medicinal plants. Seven medicinal plants used by Samburu herbalists for the treatment of stomach illnesses were investigated for water disinfection. Aqueous extracts of the dried powdered plant material were directly used to treat the water samples collected. Efficacy of water treatment with medicinal plants expressed as percentage reduction in bacterial colonies revealed that Acacia nilotica extract with a mean percentage reduction of 99.86% was the most effective at reducing the number of bacterial colonies. Albizia anthelmintica extract with a mean of 9.47% was the least effective at reducing the number of bacterial colonies. The study also revealed a possible interaction between plant extracts and water source (P < 0.05, df = 54). The results obtained in this study point out a possibility of using aqueous extracts from A. nilotica in disinfecting water of different physicochemical properties.
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10

Rashid, N., AA Paul, S. Islam, SA Sajib, K. Nasirujjaman, KMF Hoque, and MA Reza. "Studies on antioxidant potential, phytochemical properties and toxicity of four popular medicinal plants of Bangladesh." Journal of Bio-Science 25 (July 18, 2018): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v25i0.37495.

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Medicinal plant extract has long been used successfully in ‘unani’ or ‘ayurvedic’ medicine. Medicinal plant extract contains bioactive molecules and activity of these molecules may help to mitigate, eradicate or cure diseases. In the advent for the search for new medicinally important bioactive molecule, the current paper deals with the anti-oxidative, cytotoxic and phytochemical analysis of Scoparia dulcis leaf and root, Curculigo orchioides root, Pandanus fascicularis root and Baccaurea sapida leaf extract. Aqueous and methanolic extracts were made for each of the extracts where they posses significant antioxidative properties. High activities were seen in P. fascicularis and S. dulcis plant extract where IC50 values were 21.87 μg/ml and 173.36 μg/ml respectively. In toxicity test, only P. fascicularis extracts showed lethality in a dose-dependent manner where the LD50 value was 25.64 μg/ml. By the phytochemical analysis, it was found that each of these plant species possesses glycosides, protein, carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoid etc. which are pharmacologically active biomolecules. These important properties of those plants showed an indication that these plants can further be tested for the utilization in therapeutic purpose or in cosmetic industry.J. bio-sci. 25: 27-37, 2017
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11

Hassan, Amir, and Himayat Ullah. "Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of the Medicinal Plant Veronica biloba." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (November 7, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5264943.

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Plants are naturally God gifted for the synthesis of medicinal compound and provide a great help in a new discovery in the area of chemical diversity because of the unknown availability either as a standardized extract or as a pure compound. The medicinal plant Veronica biloba extracts obtained through Soxhlet and maceration methods were subjected to preliminary antimicrobial screening against pathogenic microorganisms. Fractionation was performed using liquid-liquid extracts such as ethyl acetate, water, dichloromethane, and hexane extract of plant, and the fractions were tested for antifungal activity and antibacterial activity using well-diffusion method at sample concentration of 10–30 μL. The result indicated that all extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all test pathogens. The ethyl acetate extract showed greater activity than other corresponding extracts. Among various extracts, only the ethyl acetate extract show potential against bacterial (gram negative and gram positive) and fungus test strain greater than standard Nystatin test control. Thus, the extract of Veronica biloba could be used to treat microbial (fungus and bacterial strain) infection.
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12

Al-Zereini, Wael A., Fuad Al-Rimawi, Saleh Abu-Lafi, Fadi Alakhras, Ghassab M. Al-Mazaideh, Haya J. Ayyal Salman, and Rasheed M. A. Q. Jamhour. "Identification and Antibacterial Evaluation of Selected Jordanian Medicinal Plants." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5 (October 3, 2018): 2456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340530.

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Dried aerial parts of three medicinal plants grown wild in Jordan, namely Ononis natrix L., Salvia spinosa L. and Salvia verbenace L., were extracted upon soaking with ethyl acetate by continuous shaking at room temperature for three days. The extracts were analyzed for their phenolic and flavonoids content by HPLC-PDA. The HPLC analysis of the plant extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the three plant extracts. The antibacterial activity of the crude extract was evaluated. The PDA wavelengths range was from 227-347 nm. Bioactivities were attributed mainly to the immense content of phenol-based compounds in plants.
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13

Nibret, Endalkachew, and Michael Wink. "Trypanocidal and Cytotoxic Effects of 30 Ethiopian Medicinal Plants." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 66, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2011): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2011-11-1202.

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Trypanocidal and cytotoxic effects of traditionally used medicinal plants of Ethiopia were evaluated. A total of 60 crude plant extracts were prepared from 30 plant species using CH2Cl2 and MeOH. Effect upon cell proliferation by the extracts, for both bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and human leukaemia HL-60 cells, was assessed using resazurin as vital stain. Of all CH2Cl2 and MeOH extracts evaluated against the trypanosomes, the CH2Cl2 extracts from five plants showed trypanocidal activity with an IC50 value below 20 μg/mL: Dovyalis abyssinica (Flacourtiaceae), IC50 = 1.4 μg/mL; Albizia schimperiana (Fabaceae), IC50 = 7.2 μg/mL; Ocimum urticifolium (Lamiaceae), IC50 = 14.0 μg/mL; Acokanthera schimperi (Apocynaceae), IC50 = 16.6 μg/mL; and Chenopodium ambrosioides (Chenopodiaceae), IC50 = 17.1 μg/mL. A pronounced and selective killing of trypanosomes with minimal toxic effect on human cells was exhibited by Dovyalis abyssinica (CH2Cl2 extract, SI = 125.0; MeOH extract, SI = 57.7) followed by Albizia schimperiana (CH2Cl2 extract, SI = 31.3) and Ocimum urticifolium (MeOH extract, SI = 16.0). In conclusion, the screening of 30 Ethiopian medicinal plants identified three species with good antitrypanosomal activities and low toxicity towards human cells. Dovyalis abyssinica might be a promising candidate for phytotherapy of trypanosomiasis
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Goswami, Barna, Shamoly Akter, Nemai Chandra Nandi, Tanjina Akthar Banu, Shahina Akter, Sadia Afrin, Ahashan Habib, and Salim Khan. "Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Four Local Medicinal Plants." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 30, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v30i2.50688.

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Potential antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanolic, chloroformic and n-hexane leaf extracts of four local important medicinal plants like Ocimum americanum, O. basilicum, O. gratissimum and Centella asiatica was investigated. The methanolic leaf extracts of these plant species exhibited the potent DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 value, 2.67 ± 0.01, 14.17 ± 0.11, 60.22 ± 0.01 and 2.39 ± 0.025 μg/ml, respectively). Methanolic leaf extract of C. asiatica showed strongest antioxidant activity. Chloroformic leaf extracts possessed moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 79.44 ± 0.05, 110.56 ± 0.02, 54.95 ± 0.05, 101.0 ± 1.0 μg/ml, respectively) in all samples. The lowest antioxidant activity was recorded from n-hexane leaf extracts of O. americanum, O. gratissimum, C. asiatica and Ocimum basilicum (IC50 value 147.87 ± 0.06, 378.19 ± 2.65, 104.65 ± 0.39, 467.58 ± 0.52 μg/ml, respectively). Methanolic and chloro-formic leaf extracts showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, namely Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. Methanolic leaf extract of O. americanum and chloroformic extract of C. asiatica showed excellent antimicrobial activity. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(2): 179-187, 2020 (December)
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Mustafa, Sodah Bint, Muhammad Akram, Hafiz Muhammad Asif, Imran Qayyum, Asif Mehmood Hashmi, Naveed Munir, Fahad Said Khan, Muhammad Riaz, and Saeed Ahmad. "Antihyperglycemic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Selective Medicinal Plants Curcuma longa, Lavandula stoechas, Aegle marmelos, and Glycyrrhiza glabra and Their Polyherbal Preparation in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice." Dose-Response 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 155932581985250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325819852503.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with relative or absolute insulin deficiency or resistance, characterized by hyperglycemia. Modern prescriptions such as pioglitazone have better therapeutic potential, but its side effects and financial burden for developing countries have motivated the researchers to find alternative natural drugs to compete hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes. The present study was conducted to explore the therapeutic potential of selected medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes as an alternative to allopathic medicines. Method: In present study, hydroalcoholic extracts of Curcuma longa, Lavandula stoechas, Aegle marmelos, and Glycyrrhiza glabra and their polyherbal preparation (PHP) as compound drug were investigated for their antihyperglycemic potential in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The study subjects (mice) were divided into different groups as normal control, diabetic control, pioglitazone treated (standard drug), test groups (plant extract treated 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight), and PHP-treated group. Blood glucose concentration of all the study animals was determined by Glucose strip test. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of all the plant extracts was also performed following standard methods. Result: It was investigated that treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic mice with hydroalcoholic extracts of studied medicinal plants showed significant ( P < .05) effects on fasting blood glucose levels (from baseline to normal range) in a manner comparable to that of the reference drug, pioglitazone (1 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal). The tested plant extracts significantly ( P < .05) reduced the glucose concentration in blood of diabetes-induced mice in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: It could be concluded that studied medicinal plants have antihyperglycemic activity. The study findings favor the use of traditional herbal medicinal practices for the management of diabetes that might due to the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents in plants. However, larger studies are required to identify, isolate, and characterize the bioactive phytoconstituents responsible for antihyperglycemic activity of studied medicinal plants.
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Ghasemi, Pirbalouti, Parvin Jahanbazi, Shekoofeh Enteshari, Fatemeh Malekpoor, and Behzad Hamedi. "Antimicrobial activity of some Iranian medicinal plants." Archives of Biological Sciences 62, no. 3 (2010): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1003633g.

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The major aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of eight plant species which are endemic in Iran. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts of eight Iranian traditional plants, including Hypericum scabrum, Myrtus communis, Pistachia atlantica, Arnebia euchroma, Salvia hydrangea, Satureja bachtiarica, Thymus daenensis and Kelussia odoratissima, were investigated against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Candida albicans by agar disc diffusion and serial dilution assays. Most of the extracts showed a relatively high antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria and fungi. Of the plants studied, the most active extracts were those obtained from the essential oils of M. communis and T. daenensis. The MIC values for active extract and essential oil ranged between 0.039 and 10 mg/ml. It can be said that the extract and essential oil of some medicinal plants could be used as natural antimicrobial agents in food preservation. .
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Ushimaru, Priscila Ikeda, Mariama Tomaz Nogueira da Silva, Luiz Claudio Di Stasi, Luciano Barbosa, and Ary Fernandes Junior. "Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts." Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 4 (December 2007): 717–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822007000400024.

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18

Joo, Shin Youn. "Antioxidant Activities of Medicinal Plant Extracts." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 42, no. 4 (April 30, 2013): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.4.512.

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19

Abad, M. J., P. Bermejo, A. Villar, S. Sanchez Palomino, and L. Carrasco. "Antiviral activity of medicinal plant extracts." Phytotherapy Research 11, no. 3 (May 1997): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(199705)11:3<198::aid-ptr78>3.0.co;2-l.

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20

Hassan, Haider M., Zi-Hua Jiang, Christina Asmussen, Emma McDonald, and Wensheng Qin. "Antibacterial activity of northern Ontario medicinal plant extracts." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 2 (March 2014): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-258.

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Hassan, H. M., Jiang, Z.-H., Asmussen, C., McDonald, E. and Qin, W. 2014. Antibacterial activity of northern Ontario medicinal plant extracts. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 417–424. In the present study, the antibacterial activity (in vitro) of the leaf and/or flower crude extracts of Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth & Hook.f., Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal, Apocynum androsaemifolium L., Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng, Cornus canadensis L. and Xanthium strumarium L. medicinal plants was analyzed through the hole-plate diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays against Escherichia coli, Aeromonas caviae, Paenibacillus alvei, Micrococcus luteus, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Bacillus cereus bacteria. In addition, the time-kill dynamic processes of these extracts against A. caviae, B. cereus, P. alvei, and M. luteus bacteria were also tested. The leaf and flower extracts of Anap. margaritacea and G. squarrosa possess significant antibacterial activity against all the bacteria tested, with inhibition of A. caviae, P. alvei and M. luteus within 1–12 h of incubation at MBC. Particularly, at higher concentrations of the Anap. margaritacea flower crude extract (2–3×MBC), inhibition of A. caviae, B. cereus, P. alvei, and M. luteus bacteria is achieved between 0.5 and 4 h of incubation. In addition, these extracts exhibit high inhibition diameters (majority > 18 mm) and low MIC and/or MBCs (majority=1.25 mg mL−1). In contrast, the leaf extracts of Arct. uva-ursi, X. strumarium, Apoc. androsaemifolium and C. canadensis plants demonstrate moderate to low activity. These results indicate that extracts from Anap. margaritacea and G. squarrosa could be a source of novel antimicrobial scaffolds, compounds or pharmacophores with implications in the pharmaceutical industry and medicine.
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Robert, P. Ethalsha, and A. Malar Retna. "QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL DETERMINATIONS AND IN-VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS." Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 1, no. 01 (November 1, 2015): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2015.113.

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The present study evaluates in-vitro cytotoxic activity of active extracts of medicinal plants. It evaluates anti-cancer activity of most active extracts of I. pes-caprae and C. roseus. This study focuses on the total phenol content and the total flavanoid content of the plant and searches into its medicinal potency based on the total phenol and total flavanoid content. The anti-cancer activity of the extract is found to be more significant than one another.The cytotoxic activity of Ipomoea pes-caprae and C. roseus showed better results. Methanol extracts of aerial and root of Ipomoea pes-caprae possess maximum anticancer activity is found to be 61.77% and 65.55%. Chloroform extract of Catharanthus roseus root was also active against MCF- 7 cells by exhibiting 64.34% of activity. These plants may be a source of new antibiotic compounds.These findings enriches our knowledge of the chemical constituents that are responsible for the medicinal uses of the plant and the anti-cancer potential of selected plants.
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Ferreira, Fabiana Borges Padilha, Márcia Regina Pereira Cabral, Maria Helena Sarragiotto, Carla Maria Mariano Fernandez, Zilda Cristiani Gazim, Ranulfo Piau Junior, Izabel Galhardo Demarchi, Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira, and Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni. "Screening of six medicinal plant species for antileishmanial activity." Acta Pharmaceutica 71, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2021-0023.

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Abstract This study is aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of ethanolic, aqueous or dichloromethane extracts of leaves, flowers, fruits or roots, of six medicinal plant species, namely, Nectandra megapotamica, Brunfelsia uniflora, Myrcianthes pungens, Anona muricata, Hymenaea stigonocarpa and Piper corcovandesis. After isolation and analysis of chemical components by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS), the extracts were also tested for toxicity in J774.A1 macrophages and human erythrocytes. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, acetogenins, alkaloids and lignans were identified in these extracts. Grow inhibition of promastigotes forms of Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis and the cytotoxicity in J774.A1 macrophages were estimated by the XTT method. The most promising results for L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis were shown by the ethanolic extract of the fruits of Hymenaea stigonocarpa and dichloromethane extract of the roots of Piper corcovadensis, with IC 50 of 160 and 150 μg mL−1, resp. Ethanolic extracts of A. muricata (leaf), B. uniflora (flower and leaf), M. pungens (fruit and leaf), N. megapotamica (leaf), and aqueous extract of H. stigonocarpa (fruit) showed IC 50 > 170 μg mL−1 for L. amazonensis and > 200 μg mL−1 for L. braziliensis. The extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity towards J774.A1 macrophages with CC 50 > 1000 μg mL−1 and hemolytic activity from 0 to 46.1 %.
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Sbhatu, Desta Berhe, and Haftom Baraki Abraha. "Preliminary Antimicrobial Profile of Solanum incanum L.: A Common Medicinal Plant." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (January 22, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3647065.

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Medicinal plants and plant remedies have been in use in Ethiopia for centuries. Studies on ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, and ethnoveterinary estimate that nearly 80% of Ethiopians use some type of medicinal plants and plant remedies. Medicinal plants are regarded as the most important and sometimes the only source of therapeutics in the country. Some 800 plant species are used as sources of medicine to treat about 300 physical and mental disorders. However, because these plant species are not adequately studied, there is a big limitation in their documentation, profiling, and management. Moreover, there is a continuous loss of knowledge about medicinal plants because the communities and people are adopting new lifestyles. Hence, this article reports the finding of a study aimed at providing the gross phytochemical characteristics and antimicrobial activities of ethanol and aqueous extracts of fruit, leaf, and stem of Solanum incanum L. against two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria for developing gross antimicrobial profile of the plant. Phytochemical screening of fruit, leaf, and stem extracts of S. incanum has shown that it is the source of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids. According to agar disc-diffusion tests, 100 mg/mL extracts of the plant produced bacterial growth inhibition zones of 0.00 to 16.06 mm. Ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts produced inhibition zones ranging from 11.34 to 16.06 mm against all bacterial species. The greatest inhibition zone of 16.06 mm was recorded in E. coli subjected to ethanol leaf extract. The same extract resulted in a growth inhibition zone of 16.04 mm in S. aureus. The greatest growth inhibition zones in B. subtilis (13.34 mm) and S. typhi (11.56 mm) were observed with ethanol leaf and fruit extracts, respectively. Aqueous leaf extracts produced growth inhibition zones ranging from 10.45 mm (for S. typhi) to 14.02 mm (for E. coli). Ethanol leaf extracts resulted in the lowest Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of 1.56 mg/mL in E. coli and S. aureus. Therefore, fruits, leaves, and stems of S. incanum can be regarded as good sources of some bioactive compounds. The findings are important for taking measures for conservation and sustainable use of the plant as well as for further elucidation of its phytochemistry and antimicrobial efficacy of its constituents.
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Arora, Sneha, and Shoma Paul Nandi. "REVERSION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE WITH BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITOR FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 10 (September 1, 2017): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.20351.

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Objective: Screening of medicinal plants for the presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor identified three plants; Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, and Ocimum tenuiflorum, extracts of which inhibit beta-lactamase enzyme in vitro. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare beta-lactamase inhibiting potential of these plant extracts.Methods: Extracts of these plants were prepared with 6 solvents of different polarity. Beta-lactamase inhibition study was performed using antibiotic-resistant bacteria in bioassay and by micro-iodometric assay. Multidrug-resistant clinical strains of Escherichia coli and laboratory strain with plasmid carrying beta-lactamase gene as positive control were used.Results: Our results from bioassay, as well as micro-iodometric assay for enzyme activity, confirmed the presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor in these plant extracts. Among the extracts made by different solvents, hexane and ethyl acetate extract of T. chebula, hexane extract of T. bellirica, and all extracts of O. tenuiflorum except dichloromethane, possessed beta-lactamase inhibitor. Multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of E. coli AIIMS-1 could be reverted by applying 50 μg/μl of extract of all the medicinal plants. The micro-iodometric result showed highest beta-lactamase inhibition with O. tenuiflorum extracts. Comparative evaluation of the O. tenuiflorum extracts with increasing concentration of inhibitor suggests that ethyl acetate extract of O. tenuiflorum contains the highest inhibition potential, which is comparable with clavulanic acid.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract of O. tenuiflorum contain the highest level of beta-lactamase inhibitor, which in the future can be used as an alternative to synthetic beta-lactamase inhibitors that are presently being used to control beta-lactam antibiotic resistance
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Gemaque, Tainára Cunha, Sérgio Rodrigues Da Silva, Daniele Salgueiro De Melo, Daniel Pereira Da Costa, and Kleber Campos Miranda Filho. "Toxicity of Brazilian Medicinal Plant Extracts on Macrobrachium Amazonicum." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i2.18162.

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Medicinal plants from Amazon have been commercialized for decades, but few scientific studies prove their effectiveness and safety in use in aquaculture activities. The objective of the present study was to use the Amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum to predict the toxicity of the natural extracts of nine medicinal plants viz pariri Arrabidaea chica, muirapuama Ptychopetalum olacoides, anauerá Licania macrophylla, barbatimão Ouratea hexasperma, faveira Vatairea guianensis, sacaca Croton cajucara, jacareúba Calophyllum brasilliense, pau d’arco Tabebuia sp. and verônica Dalbergia subcymosa, in concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 µg/mL. The media was prepared in 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) diluted with water. Ten post-larvae (0.5 ± 0.1 g) were added to each triplicate and, after 24 h, the mortalities were evaluated, with the results of median lethal concentration expressed as LC50-24h using the Probit statistical method. To obtain the concentrations of a common bioactive compound of plant extracts, the concentrations of flavonoids were analyzed using a methodology based on the formation of chromophores. The results of acute toxicity indicate variability in the toxic effects of medicinal plants, taking into account the concentration of total flavonoids, with the least toxic Tabebuia sp. (LC50 = 758.31 µg/mL) and the most toxic C. cajucara and V. guianensis (LC50 = 72.16 and 75.23 µg/mL), respectively. The extracts demonstrated lethality against M. amazonicum, which predicts toxicity and warns of its use them as herbal medicines. More studies must be carried out to determine other bioactive compounds in the plant extracts used since there is an unparalleled availability of chemical diversity.
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Pradhan, Suman Prakash, Kapil Adhikari, Saroj Nepal, and Bishnu Prasad Pandey. "Determination of Sun Protective Factor of Selected Medicinal Plants from Western Nepal." Journal of Nepal Chemical Society 41, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30487.

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Plant extracts contain active ingredients that can absorb, reflect or scatter the sunlight, depending on their nature. The effectiveness of plant extracts as a skin protective agent can be determined by measuring the sun protection factor (SPF). The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential of selected medicinal plant extracts as a component in sunscreen production in modern cosmetics. The absolute methanol extract of six medicinal plants namely; Asparagus racemosus, Bergenia pacumbis, Melia azedarach, Murraya koenigii, Pleurospermum benthamii, and Thymus linearis were examined in-vitro for their sun protective ability by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry method with the application of Mansur equation. Our results revealed that most of the plant extracts possess prodigious SPF values as compared with commercial sunscreen. The greatest SPF value was found in P. benthamii (34.97±0.25), T. linearis (24.98±0.60), and B. pacumbis (24.02±0.15). These results show that these plant extracts can act as a very good antisolar agent.
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Kumar N., Santhosh, Aliya Nusrath, and Dinesha Ramadas. "Quantitative analysis of chemical constituents in medicinal plant coleus aromaticus extracts." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2018): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180630.

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Background: Indian medicinal plants have great potential towards curing many diseases. Medicinal plant Coleus aromaticus is known for its wide medical applications. The main objectives of the study undertaken were to analyze the phytochemicals and compare the concentration present in the dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein extract with various solvents.Methods: Various extracts of the medicinal plant Coleus aromaticus leaves such as dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein, hydro alcoholic extract, ethanol extract and chloroform extract were prepared and analyzed for various phytochemical concentrations such as Total phenols (Folin-Ciocalteu method), Flavonoids (Aluminum chloride method), total sugars (Dubois method) and Proteins (Bradford’s method). Standard graph for each component was plotted.Results: The protein concentration in dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein extract is considerably higher (5.8μg/10μl) than hydro alcoholic extract (1.6μg/10μl), ethanol extract (5.2μg/10μl) and chloroform extract (2.8μg/10μl). The other phytochemicals like total phenol, flavonoids and total sugars were low in concentration in the dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein extract compared to hydro alcoholic extract, ethanol extract and chloroform extract.Conclusions: In this study, the protein concentration in dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein extract is considerably higher than the same in other solvent extracts. This is the basis for further studies to unfold the antioxidant activity of Coleus aromaticus protein in vitro.
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Варданян (Vardanian), Луиза (Luiza) Размиковна (Razmikovna), Лилит (Lilit) Валериковна (Valerikovna) Атабекян (Atabekian ), Сюзанна (Siuzanna) Арсеновна (Arsenovna) Айрапетян (Airapetian), and Размик (Razmik) Левонович (Levonovich) Варданян (Vardanian). "THE INFLUENCE OF SOLVENTS ON EXTENT OF ANTIOXIDANTS EXTRACTION FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (October 12, 2017): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018011968.

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In this work the influence of extragent on the antioxidant (AO) effect of individual extracts and their mixtures on kinetics of cumene oxidation were investigated on the example of nine medicinal plants. It was shown that the effective concentration of AO in investigated extracts increases with increasing of polarity of extragent (except for ethanol). For each used extract have been defined their antioxidant activities (AOA), i.e. RO2 + InH → ROOH + In reaction speed constants.At combined action of various plants extracts, and also same plant extracts extracted by different extragents the there were found effects of additivity, synergism and antagonism of inhibition. Maximum effect of synergism was shown by the mixture of strawberry leaves ethanol extract with falcaria leaves acetone extract (23%), and maximum effect of antagonism was shown the mixture of ethanol and benzene extracts of falcaria leaves (39%).The received results can be used in various scopes of extracts (or in various areas of extracts use) as stabilizers of oxidation and as medicines for the medical purposes.
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Upadhyay, Seema, and Vijaya Koche. "Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Content of Clerodendrum serratum L. from Different Provinces of Chhattisgarh State, India." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 10 (August 30, 2019): 2147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22056.

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Clerodendrum serratum L. is one of the important medicinal plant found in Chhattisgarh state of India. Its over-exploitation for medicinal value made it a threatened species according to Chhattisgarh Medicinal Plant Board. It is being used in Ayurveda from ancient times for many diseases like asthma, body ache, bronchitis, cholera, dropsy, eye diseases, fever, inflammations, malaria, ophthalmia, rheumatism, snakebite, tuberculosis, ulcers and wounds. Present study aimed to compare the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of a medicinally important plant C. serratum L. collected from different provinces of Chhattisgarh state (India). Plants were collected from three districts of Chhattisgarh (Jagdalpur, Bilaspur and Raipur). Aerial and underground parts were separated and subjected for extraction by using different solvents of different polarity. These extracts were evaluated for phytochemical profiling, phytochemical content (total phenolic and flavonoids content) and antioxidant activity. Methanolic extract shows highest antioxidant activity and phenolic and flavonoids content among all the extracts. When the plants of different regions were compared, it was found that plants of Jagdalpur district is a potent source of phytochemical and showing highest antioxidant activity. Further, the correlation study showed that phenolics and flavonoids mainly account for antioxidant activity. It may be possible that some different groups of phytochemical act synergistically together with the phenolics and flavonoids and provide antioxidant effect.
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Chhetri, Jyoti, Krishna Gurung, Abhisek Khadka, Reeju Sharma, Mira Kumari Khatri, Anil Bhujel, Amrita Acharaya, and Goma Pokharel. "Synergistic Effects of Artemisia vulgaris, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Azadirachta indica and Castanopsis indica Extracts against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Himalayan Biodiversity 5, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hebids.v5i1.36152.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health concern. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is not only resistant to methicillin and other β-lactam antibacterial agents but also to other antibacterial agents. Therefore, new agents are needed to treat Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The main aim of the present research was to study the antibacterial activity of four plants extract against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus at the purpose of overcoming its infection. The current investigation was carried out at Pokhara Bigyan tatha Prabidhi Campus based on the evaluation of traditional plants on its antibacterial activity against MRSA. Antibacterial activity of the medicinal plant extract was observed by mixing 100 g powder of collected leaves in 70% methanol making 1000 sml. After performed processes, extract was filtered and methanol was evaporated. Antibacterial activity of the medicinal plant extract was determined using agar well diffusion assay method. Methanol leaf extracts may have the potential to act against MRSA and could be a possible source to obtain new and effective herbal medicines to treat infections caused by methicillin resistant strains of microorganisms from community as well as hospital settings. The synergistic effect was clearly observed among all four medicinal herbs.
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Thapa, Bishnu, Anjana Singh, and Reshma Tuladhar. "In vitro Antibacterial Effect of Medicinal Plants Against Multidrug Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria." Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology 5 (September 26, 2018): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tujm.v5i0.22298.

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Objectives: The aim of this work was to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of herbal plants against the Multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples. Methods: Gram negative bacteria isolated from various clinical samples were processed for antibiotic susceptibility test by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and MDR bacteria were selected. Methanol extracts of six different medicinal plants Acorus calamus (bojho), Ocimum sanctum (tulsi), Azadirachta indica (neem), Cinnamomum tamala (tejpatta), Aloe vera and Zanthoxylum alatum (timur), were tested for antibacterial activity against the selected MDR bacteria by agar well diffusion method. Results: From clinical samples, 8 different MDR Gram negative bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. with E. coli dominated the number. Out of six medicinal plants extracts, Z. alatum, C. tamala and Ocimum sanctum were found to be effective with zones of inhibition ranging from 9-13 mm. The medicinal plants with antibacterial activity can be an alternative source of medicine against MDR Gram negative bacteria. Conclusion: Several herbal plants extracts exhibit antibacterial activity against MDR Gram negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts can vary with type of plant and extraction methods. Thus, for optimal benefit of plant extract, an appropriate extraction method and use of purified product is essential.
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Zhao, Muqiu, Huaibao Zhao, Qianjin Du, and Yunfeng Shi. "Inhibitory Effects of Tropical Medicinal Plant Extracts on Urea Hydrolysis and Nitrification in Soil: A Preliminary Study." HortScience 50, no. 5 (May 2015): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.5.744.

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Hydrolysis and nitrification are the key steps of biological transformation of urea in soils, which control the loss of nitrogen (N) in terrestrial ecosystem. The inhibitory effects of plant materials on N transformation provide potential benefits for agricultural production and environmental protection. In this study, water-soluble and ethanol-soluble compounds were extracted from 24 tropical medicinal plant species in Hainan Island, southern China, with the aim of measuring their effects on urease activity (UA), nitrification potential (NP), and ammonium oxidizer number in a paddy soil, by a series of short (5 hours) and long-term (14 days) incubation experiments. Total solid yields and phenols contents of 48 medicinal plant extracts were also analyzed in this study. There were big differences in total solid yield and phenols content among the extracts of the selected tropical medicinal plant extracts. The phenols content of the plant extracts varied from 15.1 to 273.4 mg GAE/g extract (milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract). A significant relationship between UA and NP of the soil treated with plant extracts and their phenols content was found, indicating that phenolic compounds are the major contributors to the inhibitory properties of these plants. Further studies indicated that the water extracts of Epimeredi indica aerial and Melia azedarach leaf, containing a high content of phenols, exhibited notable urease and nitrification inhibitory effects and reduced the number of soil ammonia–oxidizing bacteria, being promising sources of natural inhibitors for soil N transformation.
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Krasnoborodkina, Maria, Maria Ivanova, and Maxim Kutsev. "Screening of the Promising Phytogenic Medicinal Materials among the Plant Species of Altai Flora by Supercritical Fluid Extraction." Key Engineering Materials 683 (February 2016): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.683.481.

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The increase of bacterial resistance to synthobiotics makes it relevant to search for new medicinal materials with antibiotic properties. Antimicrobials based on plants represent a huge untapped source of medicines. Antibiotic properties of 34 plant species of Altai flora are studied in this paper. Extracts from plants were obtained by supercritical fluid extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide. Antimicrobial activity of these extracts was determined by micromethod of serial dilutions in liquid media. Escherichia coli XL-1 blue and Staphylococcus aureus 209 strains were used as test-cultures. Upon the results of the study, the extracts from raw material of Penthaphylloides fruticosa and Ribes nigrum can be considered as the most promising for further pharmacological evaluation as new medicinal materials
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Kulus, Dariusz, and Natalia Miler. "Application of Plant Extracts in Micropropagation and Cryopreservation of Bleeding Heart: An Ornamental-Medicinal Plant Species." Agriculture 11, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060542.

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Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara (bleeding heart) is valued both in the horticultural and pharmaceutical markets. Despite its great popularity, information on the in vitro tissue culture technology in this species is limited. There is also little knowledge on the application of plant extracts in the tissue culture systems of plants other than orchids. The aim of this study is to compare the utility of traditional plant growth regulators (PGRs) and natural extracts—obtained from the coconut shreds, as well as oat, rice, and sesame seeds—in the micropropagation and cryopreservation of L. spectabilis ‘Gold Heart’ and ‘White Gold’. The biochemical analysis of extracts composition is also included. In the first experiment related to micropropagation via axillary buds activation, the single-node explants were cultured for a 10-week-long propagation cycle in the modified Murashige and Skoog medium fortified either with 1.11 µM benzyladenine (BA) and 1.23 µM indole-3-butritic acid (IBA) or with 10% (v/v) plant extracts. A PGRs- and extract-free control was also considered. In the cryopreservation experiment, the same 10% (v/v) extracts were added into the medium during a seven-day preculture in the encapsulation-vitrification cryopreservation protocol. It was found that the impact of natural additives was cultivar- and trait-specific. In the first experiment, the addition of coconut extract favoured the proliferation of shoots and propagation ratio in bleeding heart ‘Gold Heart’. Rice extract, on the other hand, promoted callus formation in ‘White Gold’ cultivar and was more effective in increasing the propagation ratio in this cultivar than the conventional plant growth regulators (4.1 and 2.6, respectively). Sesame extract suppressed the development of the explants in both cultivars analysed, probably due to the high content of polyphenols. As for the second experiment, the addition of plant extracts into the preculture medium did not increase the survival level of the cryopreserved shoot tips (sesame and oat extracts even decreased this parameter). On the other hand, coconut extract, abundant in simple sugars and endogenous cytokinins, stimulated a more intensive proliferation and growth of shoots after rewarming of samples. Analysing the synergistic effect of conventional plant growth regulators and natural extracts should be considered in future studies related to L. spectabilis.
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T. Munir, A Mohyuddin, Z Khan, and R Haq. "Exploration of Antibacterial Potential of Melia Azedarach L." Scientific Inquiry and Review 1, no. 1 (November 7, 2017): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir/11/010103.

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Melia azedarach L. belongs to one of the most versatile medicinal plants family meliaceae (mahogany) which has great attraction for researchers. The plant was selected for research because it was one of the least explored members. The presence of saponin, alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids in the leaves extracts of plant indicated its medicinal value. These compounds have pharmacological effects against cancer, viral and malarial infections that are one of the main causes of deaths. With passage of time most of bacterial strains develop resistance against traditional medicines so they are needed to be upgraded or replaced. There is a need to develop antimicrobial agents with more effectiveness and minimum side effects. There are some reports from last two decades that Melia azedarach is a potential source of novel antibodies. Its extracts have both antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Powdered leaves of M. azedarach were extracted with methanol and extract was preliminary examined by phytochemical tests and thin layer chromatography. The different concentrations of extracts showed good antibacterial activities against three pathogenic bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus thuringiensis. The results indicated that M. azedarach L. could be an effective source of herbal medicines against infectious diseases.
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Safi, Mazen, and Ayman Al-Mariri. "In vitro antibacterial activity of several plant extracts and essential oils against Brucella melitensis." Herba Polonica 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2014-0003.

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Summary Medicinal plants are considered to be new resources for the production of agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of some plants native to Syria in the treatment of brucellosis. In vitro activities of some essential oils and plant extracts of some medicinal plants against 89 Brucella melitensis isolates was determined by disc diffusion method at a concentration of 5%. The microdilution assay in the fluid medium was used to determine the MICs of essential oils and plant extracts. Among the evaluated herbs, only Thymus syriacus and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils and Laurus nobilis plant extract showed a high activity against B. melitensis strains. Thus, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC50) values for T. syriacus, C. zeylanicum, and L. nobilis against B. melitensis were 6.25, 3.125 and 6.25 μl/ml, respectively. Among studied essential oils and plant extracts, T. syriacus and C. zeylanicum essential oils, and L. nobilis plant extract were the most effective ones. Moreover, T. syriacus - C. zeylanicum combination was more effective than use of each of them alone. Then, T. syriacus and C. zeylanicum essential oils and L. nobilis plant extract could act as bactericidal agents against B. melitensis.
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Timilsina, Hari, Bindu Modi, and Ramchandra Basnyat. "Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Ethnobotanical Study of Calotropis gigantea." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 10, no. 2 (July 23, 2020): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.136.

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Introduction: According to the WHO, more than 80% of world’s population depends upon the traditional medicine for primary care of health. The increased interest in plant derived drugs is mainly because of ‘herbal medicines’ are safer than costly synthetic drug. In this study, Calotropis gigantea also known as 'Aank' in Nepali was selected as the plant for the research work. Plants were collected from different parts of the Chitwan district. The objective of the study was to prepare the methanol and hexane extracts of leaves and stem of C. gigantea and carry out phytochemical screening of those extracts. Similarly, antimicrobial activity of those extract were evaluated to find its potential as drug. The ethnobotanical survey was done to find out medicinal values of the plant. Methods: Methanol and hexane extracts of the leaves and stem of C. gigantea was prepared by Soxhlet extraction method. Methanol was used for the extraction of various polar compounds and hexane for non-polar compounds. Phytochemical screening results showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and terpenoids. The phytochemicals present in different plant extracts were analyzed by following the protocol given by Ciulei I. Inhibition of bacterial growth was tested by using agar well diffusion plate method (As per DPR/BS/SOP/ Am/1) and measured in the form of zone of inhibition (ZOI). Results: The ZOI shown by methanol extracts of leaves of C. gigantea for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were measured 8 mm and 13 mm respectively. Similarly, the zones of inhibition shown by hexane extract of leaves of C. gigantea for E.coli and S.aureus were measured as 11 mm and 9 mm respectively in antibacterial assay. Antimicrobial activity was not seen against Klebsiella pneumoniae by any of the extracts. The ethnobotanical study conducted showed that the plant is being used for different medicinal purposes. Conclusion : The findings of the study showed that the plant had high pharmaceutical importance. Traditionally, it is used alone or with other medicinal plants to treat common disease such as asthma, swelling rheumatism, diarrhoea, dysentery, syphilis, ulcer, leprosy etc. This study hopes to provide valuable information for different research.
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Romha, Gebremedhin, Birhanu Admasu, Tsegaye Hiwot Gebrekidan, Hailelule Aleme, and Gebreyohans Gebru. "Antibacterial Activities of Five Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia against Some Human and Animal Pathogens." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2950758.

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Objective. To evaluate thein vitroantibacterial activities of five plant extracts which have been used as traditional medicines by local healers against three multidrug resistant bacteria, namely,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, andPseudomonas aeruginosa.Results. The highest mean zone of inhibition (4.66 mm) was recorded from methanol extract ofCalpurnia aurea(Ait.) Benth. at a concentration of 200 mg/ml againstS. aureus, followed byCroton macrostachyusDel. (4.43 mm) at the same dose and solvent for the same bacterial species, while methanol and chloroform extracts ofE. bruceiSchwein. did not inhibit growth of any bacterial species. The lowest value (100 μg/ml) of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed from both methanol and chloroform extracts ofC. aurea(Ait.) Benth. against all the three bacteria. The results of the positive control had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) when compared with crude extracts ofC. aurea(Ait.) Benth. at concentration of 200 mg/ml againstS. aureus.Conclusion. The results of the present study support the traditional uses of these medicinal plants by the local healers. ExceptErythrina bruceiSchwein., all the plants investigated in this study exhibited antibacterial activities against the test bacterial species. Further researches are needed to be conducted to evaluate efficacy of these medicinal plant species on other microbes in different agroecological settings and their safety levels as well as their phytochemical compositions.
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Bajestani, M. S. "Effect of medicinal plant extracts on inoculated Meloidogyne javanica in tomato." Pakistan Journal of Nematology 35, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18681/pjn.v35.i01.p73-78.

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Ampofo, Elikplim Kwesi, Isaac Kingsley Amponsah, Evelyn Asante-Kwatia, Francis Ackah Armah, Philip Kobla Atchoglo, and Abraham Yeboah Mensah. "Indigenous Medicinal Plants as Biofilm Inhibitors for the Mitigation of Antimicrobial Resistance." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020 (October 23, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821905.

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The majority of indigenes in the rural areas of Ghana use herbal medicines for their primary health care. In this study, an ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to document medicinal plants used by traditional healers in the Ejisu-Juaben district in the Ashanti region of Ghana to treat infections and to further investigate the antibiofilm formation properties of selected plants in resisting pathogenic bacteria. Seventy medicinal plants used by traditional practitioners for the treatment of skin infections and wounds were documented from the ethnobotanical survey. Forty out of the seventy plants were collected and their methanol extracts evaluated for antimicrobial activity by the agar diffusion assay. Extracts that showed antibacterial activity were tested for biofilm inhibitory activity, and the most active plant was subsequently purified to obtain the active constituents. Biofilm formation was significantly mitigated by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Holarrhena floribunda stem bark. Bioassay-guided fractionation of an alkaloidal extract prepared from the methanol fraction led to the isolation of three steroidal alkaloids, namely, holonamine, holadienine, and conessine. The isolated compounds demonstrated varying degrees of biofilm formation inhibitory properties. The current study reveals that screening of indigenous medicinal plants could unravel potential leads to salvage the declining efficacy of conventional antibiotics. Holarrhena floribunda stem bark extract has strong biofilm formation inhibition properties, which could be attributed to the presence of steroidal alkaloids.
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41

Azad, MAK, I. Ahmad, and A. Mainuddin. "Application of plant extracts for pest management in tea: a study on tea leaf’s thrips, Scirtothrips bispinosus." Journal of Bio-Science 28 (December 28, 2019): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v28i0.44714.

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Medicinal plant extract contains bioactive molecules and these molecules are benefited to mitigate, eradicate or cure diseases. In advent to search for new medicinally important plant, the current paper deals to select the most effective and promising plants which are suitable for controlling tea leaf’s thrips (Scirtothrips bispinosus) based on extracts concentration and death affect over time. To fulfill the specific objectives, five medicinal plants extracts viz. Ipomoea crassicaulis, Lantana camara, Ipomoea hederaceaa, Glycosmis arborea, and Justicia gendarussa had been used with four different concentrations. From statistical analysis using One-way ANOVA and post hoc test, it was found that Ipomoea crassicaulis and Lantana camara are the most promising of all the experimented plants extracts based on both time and concentration. In the study, average mortality was found 0.47, 1.67, 1.93 and 2.53 for concentration of 1%, 5%, 10% and 15% respectively. Analysis based on different concentrations reveals that average mortality of thrips increases significantly with the increase of concentrations. Coefficient of variance was found minimum for Ipomoea crassicaulis and Lantana camara plants with range of 5.44 to 6.71 based on time and concentration. So, it could be concluded that these two plants are the most effective plants for controlling the tea thrips. For the other plants, ranks were found as Ipomoea hederaceaa, Glycosmis arborea and Justicia gendarussa respectively as well. J. bio-sci. 28: 87-93, 2020
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42

K, Muthuraj, Abdul Kaffoor H, and Nagarajan N. "EVALUATION OF IN VTRO ANTI BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE BREYNIA PATENS (ROXB.) BENTH. & HOOK. F. EXTRACTS." Kongunadu Research Journal 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj73.

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The plants provide a source of inspiration for novel drug compounds, as plant derived medicines made large contributions to human health and well being. The Present investigation is about the antibacterial activity of Breynia patens (Roxb.) Benth. & Hook.f. against five bacterial strains using the disc diffusion agarmethod. The whole plant extracted with ethanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and Aqueous. The sensitivity order of the Methanol crude extracts was illustrated by the corresponding inhibition zone diameter to be Salmonella paratyphii(20±009mm zone of incubation) and followed by other bacterial strains. The resultsindicated that the plant extract exhibited antibacterial properties, thus justifying scientifically their traditional uses as medicinal plants
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43

Hammad, E. Abou-Fakhr, M. Akkary, N. Saliba, M. Farran, and S. Talhouk. "Bioactivity of Indigenous Medicinal Plants against the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 7 (June 7, 2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n7p123.

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Forty two methanol extracts and 12 aqueous extracts of 29 indigenous medicinal plant species were tested for their acaricidal bioactivity against the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae adults at the laboratory. Fourteen methanol plant extracts caused significant mortality in mites. This is the first report for the potential effect on survival of mites for 27 tested endemic plant species. Methanol whole plant extracts (WPEs) of Lotus carmeli, Alchemilla diademata, Eryngium deserlorum and aqueous fruit extracts (FrEs) of Melia azedarach caused toxic effects against the adult mites in the range of 41-46% mortality. The methanol WPE of L. carmeli and the aqueous FrE of M. azedarach (1:5) caused the highest mite mortality of 43.55% and 45.55%, respectively and each was used as reference sample for potential acaricidal activity in the methanol and aqueous treatment groups. The latter extract was not significantly different in its effect from aqueous extracts of M. azedarach leaf extract (LE) and Achillea damascena WPE. Methanol extracts of Salvia rubifolia flowers and Calendula palestina FrE were found to be more active against the adult mite than their extracts of other plant parts as leaves and flowers, respectively. The former two extracts, flower extracts of Anthemis scariosa, Echinops gaillardoti, Nepeta curviflora, and Ranunculus cuneatus, leaves and stems extract of An. scariosa and WPEs of Melissa inodora, Ranunuculus myosuroides, Origanum libanoticum and Ac. damascena were found to be comparable in their acaricidal activity to that of the whole plant extract of L. carmeli. Thus, these bioactive extracts of some local plant species can cause toxicity to adult T. urticae mites and consequently could be an alternative control for mite pests.
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44

Rajan, DR Jenifer Solomon. "SCREENING OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST Thielaviopsis spp-A DISEASE CAUSING PLANT FUNGUS." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES 2, no. 1 (May 25, 2015): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jns.v2i1.372.

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Medicinal plants have been used in the prevention, treatment and cure disorders and diseases in ancient times and they provide abundant resources of antimicrobial compounds, has been used for centuries to inhibit the microbial growth. Diseases of medicinal plants were caused by the pathogenic microbes: especially fungi are common throughout the world. Microbial diseases of plants cause malfunctions such as disturb normal functions by degrading enzymes, toxin and growth substances, reduce the yield, survival capacity and resulting to death. In recent times, the medicinal plants were affected by exogenous, endogenous and microbial infections. The medicinal plant plant Argemone mexicana L. (Mexican poppy) is an annual exotic weed flora used for medicine in several countries throut the world and chosen for this study.This plant was frequently affected by many fungal pathogens. The present investigation focuses the isolation of frequent disease causing fungal pathogen(Thielaviopsis spp)from infected leaves and their control measures by using herbal extracts(Acalypha indica ,Catharanthus roseus  and Murraya koenigii  ) via. Invitro approach.
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Mamedov, N. A., A. A. Rzayev, E. N. Shamilov, A. S. Abdullaev, I. A. Rzayeva, N. I. Gasimova, G. N. Guliev, and L. E. Craker. "RADIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 925 (December 2011): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.925.46.

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46

Lee, Seung-Eun, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Jin-Kyung Kim, Geum-Sook Kim, Young-Ok Kim, Jin-Sook Soe, Je-Hun Choi, Eun-Suk Lee, Hyung-Jun Noh, and Seung-Yu Kim. "Anti-inflammatory Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts." Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 19, no. 4 (August 30, 2011): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7783/kjmcs.2011.19.4.217.

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47

Bedoya, L. M., S. Sanchez-Palomino, M. J. Abad, P. Bermejo, and J. Alcami. "Anti-HIV activity of medicinal plant extracts." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 77, no. 1 (September 2001): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00265-3.

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48

Mauri, Pierluigi, and Piergiorgio Pietta. "Electrospray characterization of selected medicinal plant extracts." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 23, no. 1 (August 2000): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00264-8.

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49

Giordani, Cristiano, Giovanna Simonetti, Damdinsuren Natsagdorj, Gotov Choijamts, Francesca Ghirga, Andrea Calcaterra, Deborah Quaglio, Giulia De Angelis, Chiara Toniolo, and Gabriella Pasqua. "Antifungal activity of Mongolian medicinal plant extracts." Natural Product Research 34, no. 4 (May 28, 2019): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2019.1610960.

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50

Grosso, C., J. Bernardo, P. Correia, C. Andrade, P. Valentão, and PB Andrade. "In vitro neuroprotection by medicinal plant extracts." Planta Medica 81, S 01 (December 14, 2016): S1—S381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1596360.

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