Academic literature on the topic 'Medicinal plants Botany'
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Journal articles on the topic "Medicinal plants Botany"
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Tétényi, P. "BOTANY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 208 (August 1987): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.208.1.
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Li, Yanjiao, Zhilu Zhang, Guang Qi, and Huashan Gao. "Probe into the Application of PBL Teaching Method and Practice Reform in the Teaching of Medicinal Botany." Lifelong Education 9, no. 7 (December 8, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/le.v9i7.1501.
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Medicinal botany is a discipline that studies traditional or folk knowledge about the use of plants to prevent and treat diseases, and it is an important part of Chinese medicine learning. Traditional teaching methods do not perform well in the teaching of medicinal plants. Therefore, in order to improve the teaching effect of medicinal botany, teachers need to continuously research and innovate teaching methods to improve the quality of teaching. This article is guided by the PBL teaching method, and studies the application of the PBL teaching method in the teaching of medicinal plants in detail, hoping to improve the learning effect of students and improve the teaching quality of medicinal botany.
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Dzhurenko, N. I., O. P. Palamarchuk, I. V. Koval, and S. O. Chetvernya. "Assessment of genetic resources of medicinal plants collection of M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the NAS of Ukraine." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 24 (August 30, 2019): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v24.1111.
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Aim. The purpose of the work was to analyze the collection fund of medicinal plants of the Medical Botany laboratory at M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Methods. We used the methods of information analysis and synthesis and computer methods of information database processing. Results. The stages of collection formation, created by attracting seed and planting material from the natural flora of Ukraine and by exchange with the botanical gardens of Ukraine and the world are shown. Selection of the source material was carried out taking into account the introduction methods of genus complexes and climatic analogues. The carried out analysis of the taxonomic composition was represented by species belonging to 62 families. The collection has 388 species, including 385 flowering plants, 2 gymnosperms, 1 fern. Among them there are: 280 perennials, 52 biennials, 53 annuals. The introduced plants make up the significant percentage of the collections. Considerable attention is paid to the preservation of the collection fund valuable varieties. The rare and endangered medicinal plant species cultivated and conserving in the collection. Conclusions. The collection of the Medical Botany laboratory is a valuable gene pool of medicinal plants, including rare and endangered listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine; material is not only for scientific research, but it is also is a base of scientific and educational activities for students, post-graduate students and schoolchildren.
Keywords: genetic resources, collection fund, medicinal plants, introduced plants, rare plants.
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Habermehl, G. G. "South American Medicinal Plants—Botany, Remedial Properties and General Use." Toxicon 42, no. 4 (September 2003): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00178-8.
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Heinrich, Michael. "South American medicinal plants—botany, remedial properties and general use." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 83, no. 3 (December 2002): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00220-9.
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Manandhar, N. P. "Medico Botany of Gorkha District, Nepal -An Elucidation of Medicinal Plants." International Journal of Crude Drug Research 28, no. 1 (January 1990): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209009082768.
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Silva, Danielle Souza, and Dulcian Medeiros de Azevedo. "Use of medicinal plants in health care in Brazil: an integrative literature review." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 5, no. 8 (September 24, 2011): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.1262-12560-1-le.0508201131.
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ABSTRACT Objective: outlining a profile of medicinal plant consumption in Brazil. Method: An Integrative Review of Literature held in the Scientific Electronic Library On-line database, from 2005 to 2010, with the use of the descriptor "medicinal plants", having, then, 12 articles been selected. The search was conducted in February 2011. Results: there was a predominance of botany journals, surely justified by the specificity of the magazines and the concern of researchers acting in this field. It was found that the populations studied have, at least once, consumed medicinal plants in health care. Based on “Fator Consensual de Uso de Plantas entre Estudos” (FCUPE) [Researches' Consensual Factor for Plant Usage] ≥ 50%, 15 medicinal plants commonly used in 12 states of Brazil have been found, 12 of them having their therapeutic properties described in the literature referred. Conclusion: these are factors of concern and deserve attention in the academic and scientific fields: the low involvement of health professionals with this therapy; the attribution of innocuous character to natural products by the population; the lack of knowledge of the herbalists; the poor commercializing conditions; and the properties of plants that pose harm to consumers. We stress the importance of health education in the context of population's health care as well as of continuing health education activities for professionals in the area. Descriptors: plants, medicinal; community health nursing; surveillance; health education.RESUMOObjetivo: traçar um perfil de consumo das plantas medicinais no Brasil. Método: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura realizada na base de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online, período 2005-2010, com o emprego do descritor “plantas medicinais”, sendo selecionados 12 artigos. A busca foi realizada em fevereiro de 2011. Resultados: houve predominância de periódicos da área botânica, certamente justificado pela especificidade das revistas e preocupação dos pesquisadores da área. Constatou-se que as populações estudadas já consumiram, alguma vez na vida, plantas medicinais no cuidado à saúde. Com base no Fator Consensual de Uso de Plantas entre Estudos (FCUPE) [Factor consensuales uso de Investigación de Plantas] ≥ 50%, foram encontradas 15 plantas medicinais comumente empregadas em 12 estados do Brasil, 12 com suas propriedades terapêuticas descritas na literatura consultada. Conclusão: são fatores que preocupam e merecem atenção no âmbito acadêmico/científico: o pouco envolvimento dos profissionais de saúde com esta terapêutica; a atribuição de inocuidade aos produtos naturais pela população; o déficit de conhecimento dos herbolários; as precárias condições de comercialização; e as propriedades das plantas que oferecem perigo ao consumidor. Ressalta-se a importância da educação em saúde no contexto do cuidado à saúde da população e das atividades de educação permanente em saúde para os trabalhadores da área. Descritores: plantas medicinais; enfermagem em saúde comunitária; vigilância; educação em saúde.RESUMENObjetivo: delinear un perfil de consumo de plantas medicinales en Brasil. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en la base de datos Scientific Electronic Library Online, período 2005-2010, con el uso del descriptor “plantas medicinales", y seleccionados 12 artículos. La búsqueda se realizó en febrero de 2011. Resultados: hubo un predominio de las revistas de botánica, ciertamente justificada por la especificidad de las revistas y por la preocupación de los investigadores del área. Se constató que las poblaciones estudiadas ya habían consumido, en algún momento de sus vidas, las plantas medicinales en el cuidado de la salud. Basado en el Factor Consensual de Uso de Plantas entre Estudios (Fator Consensual de Uso de Plantas entre Estudos - FCUPE) ≥ 50%, se encontraron 15 plantas medicinales comúnmente utilizadas en 12 estados de Brasil, 12 con sus propiedades terapéuticas descritas en la literatura consultada. Conclusión: los factores de preocupación y que merecen la atención en los ámbitos académico/científico son: la baja participación de profesionales de la salud con este tratamiento; la atribución de inocuidad a los productos naturales por la población; la carencia de conocimiento de los herbolarios; las condiciones de comercialización deficientes; y las propiedades de las plantas que representan un peligro para los consumidores. Destacamos la importancia de la educación para la salud en el contexto del cuidado de la salud de la población y de las actividades de educación permanente en salud para los trabajadores del área. Descriptores: plantas medicinales; enfermería en salud comunitária; vigilancia; educación en salud.
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Zemanek, Alicja, and Piotr Köhler. "Botany at Stefan Batory University in Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius) (1919–1939)." Studia Historiae Scientiarum 18 (November 15, 2019): 93–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543702xshs.19.005.11011.
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The university in Vilna (in Polish: Wilno, now: Vilnius, Lithuania), founded in 1579, by Stefan Batory (Stephen Báthory), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, was a centre of Polish botany in 1780–1832 and 1919–1939. In the latter period the university functioned under the Polish name Uniwersytet Stefana Batorego (in English: Stefan Batory University). It comprised six departments connected with botany (General Botany, Pharmacognosy and Cultivation of Medicinal Plants, Plant Taxonomy, Botanical Garden, Garden of Medicinal Plants, and Natural History Museum). There worked such distinguished scientists, as: Jakub Mowszowicz (1901–1983), phytogeographer and phytosociologist; Jan Muszyński (1884–1957), botanist and pharmacist; Bronisław Szakien (1890–1938), cytologist and mycologist; Piotr Wiśniewski (1881––1971), physiologist; and Józef Trzebiński (1867–1941), mycologist and phytopathologist. Ca. 300 publications (including ca. 100 scientific ones) were printed in the period investigated, dealing mainly with morphology and anatomy, cytology, plant physiology, floristics (floristic geography of plants), systematics (taxonomy) of vascular plants, mycology and phytopathology, ecology of plant communities (phytosociology), as well as ethnobotany, and history of botany. Stefan Batory University was also an important centre of teaching and popularization of botany in that region of Europe. The aim of the article is to describe the history of botany at the Stefan Batory University in 1919–1939. Botanika na Uniwersytecie Stefana Batorego w Wilnie (Vilna, Vilnius) (1919–1939) Abstrakt Uniwersytet w Wilnie (w języku angielskim: Vilna, obecnie: Vilnius w Republice Litewskiej), założony w 1579 r. przez Stefana Batorego, króla Polski i wielkiego księcia Litwy, był ośrodkiem polskiej botaniki w latach 1780–1832 oraz 1919–1939. W tym ostatnim okresie funkcjonował pod nazwą Uniwersytet Stefana Batorego (w języku angielskim: Stefan Batory University). W latach 1919–1939 zorganizowano następujące zakłady związane z botaniką: Botaniki Ogólnej, Farmakognozji i Hodowli Roślin Lekarskich, Systematyki Roślin, Ogród Botaniczny, Ogród Roślin Lekarskich oraz Muzeum Przyrodnicze. W ośrodku wileńskim pracowali wybitni uczeni, m.in. Jakub Mowszowicz (1901–1983), fitogeograf i fitosocjolog; Jan Muszyński (1884–1957), botanik i farmaceuta; Bronisław Szakien (1890–1938), cytolog i mykolog; Piotr Wiśniewski (1881–1971), fizjolog oraz Józef Trzebiński (1867–1941), mykolog i fitopatolog. Badacze roślin ogłosili drukiem ok. 300 publikacji (w tym ok. 100 naukowych) dotyczących głównie morfologii i anatomii, cytologii, fizjologii roślin, florystyki (florystycznej geografii roślin), systematyki (taksonomii) roślin naczyniowych, mykologii i fitopatologii, ekologii zbiorowisk roślinnych (fitosocjologii), a także etnobotaniki i historii botaniki. Uniwersytet Stefana Batorego był również ważnym ośrodkiem nauczania i popularyzacji botaniki w tym regionie Europy. Celem artykułu jest opracowanie historii botaniki na Uniwersytecie Stefana Batorego w latach 1919–1939.
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Salehi, Bahare, Sevil Albayrak, Hubert Antolak, Dorota Kręgiel, Ewelina Pawlikowska, Mehdi Sharifi-Rad, Yadav Uprety, et al. "Aloe Genus Plants: From Farm to Food Applications and Phytopharmacotherapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092843.
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Aloe genus plants, distributed in Old World, are widely known and have been used for centuries as topical and oral therapeutic agents due to their health, beauty, medicinal, and skin care properties. Among the well-investigated Aloe species are A. arborescens, A. barbadensis, A. ferox, and A. vera. Today, they account among the most economically important medicinal plants and are commonly used in primary health treatment, where they play a pivotal role in the treatment of various types of diseases via the modulation of biochemical and molecular pathways, besides being a rich source of valuable phytochemicals. In the present review, we summarized the recent advances in botany, phytochemical composition, ethnobotanical uses, food preservation, and the preclinical and clinical efficacy of Aloe plants. These data will be helpful to provide future directions for the industrial and medicinal use of Aloe plants.
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Raffauf, Robert F. "Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants: Recent advances in botany, horticulture, and pharmacology." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 19, no. 1 (January 1987): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(87)90143-7.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Medicinal plants Botany"
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Juan-Badaturuge, Malindra. "Antioxidant activity and phytochemical evaluations of selected medicinal plants." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2010. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8098/.
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The methanolic crude extract of aerial parts of the plant Scrophularia nodosa was shown to have potent DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 48.75 ± 7.00 μg/ml). Activity-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of three principal antioxidant compounds; acteoside, angoroside C and angoroside A. Acteoside (yield = 1.21%, IC50 = 15.2 μM) appeared to be the most abundant and most antioxidant-active. The potent antioxidant activity is in support of the traditional use of the plant for wound healing and anti-inflammatory conditions. The methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tanacetum vulgare has potent DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 37.00 ± 1.20 μg/ml). Activity-guided fractionation on the methanolic extract of T. vulgare resulted in the isolation of 3,5-di-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA), axillarin and luteolin. 3,5-DCQA appeared to be the most abundant and most antioxidant-active compound (yield = 7.28%, IC50 = 9.7 μM). The potent antioxidant activity is in support of the traditional use of the herb for fever, rheumatic conditions and anti-inflammatory conditions. The methanolic crude extract of Cassia auriculata and its fractions were shown to have potent scavenging activity on DPPH, hydroxyl and hydroperoxide radicals, moderate superoxide radical scavenging activity and potent ion(III) reducing power. The activity-directed studies resulted in the isolation of kaempferol-3-0-β-D-rutinoside, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin and unknown antioxidant inactive compound. The previously reported pharmacological aspects of the above flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides (anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, hyperglycaemic, antidiabetic) along with the shown antioxidant behaviour explain the traditional medicinal values of the plant. Cassia alata L crude extract and its fractions showed potent radical scavenging activity against formation of lipid peroxide radicals. The activity directed isolations resulted in the isolation of kaempferol along with p-hydroxybenzoic acid. These may contribute towards the traditional medicinal values of the plant as an antidiabetic, anti-microbial and for skin diseases.
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Sanchez-Medina, Alberto. "Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on some endemic Yucatecan medicinal plants." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2007. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6291/.
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Four endemic medicinal plants from the Yucatan peninsula belonging to genera with little pharmacological and phytochemical reported information and used for medicinal purposes by local communities were selected. The species selected included Jacquinia flammea Millsp. ex Mez, Sideroxylon foetidissimum Jacq. subsp. gaumeri, Serjania yucatanensis Standl., and Serjania adiantoides Radlk. The root, stem/bank and leaves of each plant species were extracted using ethanol and the resulting crude extracts were tested for their cytotoxic effect using the modified MTT (3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay followed by a bioassay-guided fractionation of the most active extracts in order to identify the active metabolites. The initial cytotoxic evaluation against HeLa cells at two fixed concentrations (100 and 33.3 µg/mL) identified the root extracts f J. flammea, S. foetidissimum subsp. gaumeri and S. yucatanensis, and the stem/bank extract of S. adiantoides as the most active extracts. The crude extract of roots of J. flammea was subjected to solvent partition using solvents of ascending polarity (pet. ether, CHCI3, EtOAc, BuOH and water). The resulting fractions were tested for their cytotoxic activity. The water fraction of the solvent partition showed the strongest activity against HeLa cells (IC50 = 28.61 ± 2.27 µg/mL). When tested against RAW 264.7 cells, the water fraction also showed significant activity (IC50 = 10.60 ± 1.83 µg/mL). The water fraction was subjected to chromatographic fractionation using open silica gel columns resulting in the isolation of a saponin as the most active metabolite against RAW 264.7 cells (IC50 = 4.76 ± 0.32 µg/mL). The isolated compound was identified using 1D (1H and 13C and DEPT-135) and 2D (COSY, HMBC, HSQC and NOESY and ROESY) NMR and mass spectrometry analysis as sakurasosaponin. The molluscicidal and antifungal activities of sakurasosaponin have been reported but no studies on its cytotoxic activity have been previously reported. The crude extract of roots of S. foetidissimum subsp. gaumeri was subjected to solvent partition using solvents of ascending polarity (pet. ether, CHC13, EtOAc, and BuOH). The resulting fractions were tested for their cytotoxic activity. The BuOH extract of S. foetidissimum subsp. gaumeri showed the strongest activity against RAW 264.7 cells (IC50 = 35.12 ± 4.32 µg/mL) and it was subjected to further chromatographic fractionation using open silica gel columns yielding mixtures of saponin-containing fractions. The crude extract of roots of S. yucatanensis was subjected to solvent partition using solvents of ascending polarity (pet. ether, CHCI3, EtOAc, and BuOH). The resulting fractions were tested for their cytotoxic activity. The crude extract of S. adiantoiodes did not show cytotoxic activity when tested against RAW 264.7 cells.
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Reeds, Karen. "Botany in medieval and Renaissance universities." New York : Garland, 1991. http://books.google.com/books?id=quLaAAAAMAAJ.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1975."Annex: 'Renaissance humanism and botany, ' Annals of science 33 (1976), 519-542 [and] 'Publishing scholarly books in the sixteenth century, ' Scholarly publishing, April 1983, 259-274." Includes bibliographical references (p. 261-283) and index.
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Goldberg, Karen. "Investigating the sustainability of medicinal plants and the loss of traditional knowledge in a rural community in Namaqualand." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25601.
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Up until the early 1990s conservation practices in South Africa were culturally biased, focusing largely on the value systems of the affluent. However, with the release in 1997 of the White Paper on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of South Africa's Biological diversity, the role that biological resources play in providing for the needs of all South Africans, is now emphasized. According to this policy, human needs must be considered if conservation is to be successfully implemented. Using this document as the framework for this study I chose to investigate various aspects of medicinal plant use in a rural community in Paulshoek, Namaqualand. The main aims were as follows: to evaluate the local knowledge regarding medicinal plants; to document the plants used and collected in Paulshoek; and to determine potential threats to the biological resource. This was achieved by employing a variety of social and ecological methods. It became apparent from the interactions and interviews with the residents that medicinal plants are an important resource to the Paulshoek community since more than 70% of the population regularly use herbal remedies. While there is some evidence to suggest that the local knowledge of medicinal plants is dying out, I would speculate that most of the knowledge has already been lost. Of the 15 plants used and collected in Paulshoek, most appear to be highly sustainable in the landscape. This conclusion was based on people's perceptions regarding the change in abundance of each of these species over time and by further comparing plant size between Paulshoek and adjacent commercial farms. As most medicinal species seem unaffected by either: harvesting or land use practices this indicates that it is possible to achieve a sustainable harvest. Certain species do, however, show evidence of decline. Fuelwood harvesting most probably accounts for the change in abundance of Rhus burchelli over time, while Mentha longifolia may be facing some reduction in plant fitness due to harvesting for medicinal purposes. Sceletium emarcidum is on the verge of local extinction due to a combination of intensive harvesting and high grazing pressures. In contrast, high stocking densities appear to account for the increased abundance in both Galenia africana and Ballota africana. These findings clearly show that while the resource as a whole may be fairly resilient to harvesting and land use practices, certain species are in need of urgent conservation. This study further highlights the need to look beyond the direct impacts of harvesting and consider all possible threats, if the resource is to be sustainably managed. While this case study is atypical of the state of the medicinal plant resource in most of South Africa, this survey serves as a novel protocol for evaluating the sustainability of any resource which is regularly utilized.
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Bullard-Roberts, Angelle L. "Medicinal Plants of Trinidad and Tobago: Selection of Antidiabetic Remedies." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2546.
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of non-infectious diseases that cause hyperglycemia. DM symptoms were first clinically described by ancient Greek physicians whose prescriptions included plant-based remedies. Today, DM affects >400 million people globally and prevalence rates are rapidly increasing in developing countries where basic healthcare relies on local knowledge of botanical remedies. Many developing countries are home to diverse peoples and plants—providing fodder for varied plant-selection strategies and unique botanical pharmacopoeias.
I addressed the plant-selection strategies used in a multi-ethnic, developing country, Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), to ascertain their role in shaping the local antidiabetic pharmacopoeia and to assess their benefits and risks in identifying safe and useful remedies. Using literature reviews, field surveys, and laboratory bioassays, I completed three categories of analysis.
Ethnobotanical analyses showed that T&T’s antidiabetic pharmacopoeia is primarily of recent origin as >50% of the 48 historical DM remedies were Neotropical natives, including congenerics of well-known medicinal Paleotropical genera. Nevertheless, conservative knowledge transmission was also evident as several Paleotropical species of T&T’s pharmacopoeia, including Momordica charantia and Catharanthus roseus were also used in Africa, India and across the Caribbean. Paleotropical natives with a long history of use are likely to be safer remedies.
Ethno-medicinal analyses of the pre- and post-2000 DM remedies of T&T, totaling 99 species, suggest that the centuries-old hot/cold folk disease-model was the model predominantly used in plant-selection. Parallels found between T&T folk concepts and biomedical mechanisms of DM provide probable bases for efficacy but the chronic use of purgatives and bitter-tasting plants is likely to be risky.
Phytochemical analyses revealed that 69% of the tested plant extracts contained phenolic compounds, with more than half producing >80% alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Phenolic content and alpha-glucosidase inhibition were strongly correlated among food plants used as medicines, suggesting higher probability of selection as a result of non-target effects. The medicinal use of food plants may provide the best margins of safety and efficacy in identifying antidiabetic remedies.
Together, these analyses showed how culture-specific plant-selection strategies can identify safe, useful remedies for developing countries to address their increasing DM prevalence in a cost-effective and sustainable manner.
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Mathabe, Matlakala Christina. "Bioactivity of medicinal plants used for treatment of diarrhoea in selected villages in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/925.
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Appidi, Jaipal Reddy. "Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal and toxicological properties of Hermannia Incana cav.: a South African medicinal plant." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/259.
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Hermannia incana Cav. (Sterculiaceae), known as sweet yellow bells, is a medicinal plant used by the people of the Eastern Cape for the treatment of stomach-ache and diarrhoea. It has purgative and diaphoretic effects. It is a prostrate herb with yellow flowers and sparsely hairy and slightly glandular leaves, occurring in grassland and marshes in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Based on the ethnomedical uses of this plant, the research project was designed to evaluate its antidiarrhoeal and toxicological properties. An ethnobotanical study of plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in the Eastern Cape Province was carried out, using a questionnaire which was administered to herbalists, traditional healers and rural dwellers. This survey indicated a total of 17 plant species from 14 families. Elephantorrhiza elephantine (Burch.) Skeels, Hermannia incana Cav., Pelargonium reniforme Curt., Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh. and Bulbine latifolia (L.f.) Roem. et Schult. were the most frequently mentioned and highly recommended plants for the treatment of diarrhoea by both the traditional healers and rural dwellers. The root, bark and leaves are the common parts of plants used, while decoctions and infusions are the main methods of preparation. The agar dilution method was used to study the antimicrobial activity. The methanol extracts of the plant showed appreciable activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 7.0 mg/ml. The acetone and water extracts of both the leaves and the roots showed moderate activity against Gram positive bacteria and less activity against Gram negative bacteria. All the extracts inhibited the growth of the fungi Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Mucor hiemalis with growth inhibition ranging from 54.31 percent to 96.67 percent at 0.1-10 mg/ml. None of the extracts suppressed the growth of Candida albicans at the maximum concentration (10 mg/ml) tested. iii In the in vivo antidiarrhoeal evaluation using Wistar rats, the aqueous extract at all the doses tested, significantly prolonged the time of induction of diarrhoea and also reduced the frequency of diarrhoeal episodes and fecal parameters (total number, number of wet, fresh and dry weight and water content of the faeces). The percentage inhibition of defecation and intestinal content (enteropooling) were increased in dose dependent manner. The doses also reduced the intestinal transit time of charcoal, masses and volumes of intestinal fluid (gastrointestinal motility). These results are indications of antidiarrhoeal property of H. incana leaf extract with the 600 mg/kg body weight of the extract being the most effective. In the toxicological evaluation using Wistar rats, the oral administration of the extract did not produce any significant effect on the liver and kidney body weight ratios, RBC, HB, PCV, MCV MCH, MCHC, RCDW, WBC, neutrophils, monocytes and basophils cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherogenic index. The extract also did not affect the levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, albumin, total and conjugated bilirubin. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransaminase in the serum were increased by the extract whereas aspartate aminotransaminase was decreased. The levels of LUC, platelets, lymphocytes and eosinophils were significantly affected at 600 mg/kg body weight. The available evidence in this study suggests that the extract of H. incana leaf is mild, parameter and dose specific. The structure and distribution of foliar appendages on the leaves of this plant were investigated with the JEOL (JSM-6390LV) scanning electron microscope (SEM). Both glandular and non-glandular trichomes were observed. Long stalked glandular trichomes were present on both the abaxial and adaxial surfaces while short stalked glandular trichomes were present only on the adaxial surface. Glandular trichomes were capitate while nonglandular trichomes were stellate with many arms. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopyiv SEM showed that Al, Ca, K, Na, Ti and Si were the major constituents of the crystals analyzed from the leaf surfaces. The phytochemical screening of H. incana revealed the presence of bioactive antidiarrhoeal agents such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, triterpenes, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, cardenolides and dienolides. Two flavonoids, epicatechin and 3, 5, 7, 2’ tetra-hydroxy flavone-3- O--D-glucopyranoside were isolated from the leaves of the plant through bio-active guided fractionation. Both these compounds were screened against diarrhoea causative organisms (Echerichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and exhibiting minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 100 μg/ml. The findings from this research have generally justified the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of diarrhoea in this province.
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Yip, Ka Man. "Integration metabolomics and glycomics for understanding the traditional usage of morindae officinalis radix." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/724.
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Morindae Officinalis Radix (MOR), Bajitian in Chinese, is the dried root of Morinda officinalis F.C.How. (Rubiaceae). It is one of the most popular herbal medicines used in the southeast region of China. Various types of chemical constituents have been experimentally shown to be bioactive components of MOR, among which secondary metabolites and saccharides predominate. Pharmacological studies revealed MOR shows kidney tonifying, anti- osteoporosis, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. Since 2002, MOR has been approved as a food supplement for daily healthcare, hence increasing consumption and demand for better quality of MOR. However, selection of MOR with superior quality is largely based on traditional experience which lacks scientific basis. For example, 3-4-year-old MOR is usually used without xylem; and processed MOR are believed to show different bioactivities. Therefore, to promote the rational utilization and ensure efficacy of MOR, overall qualitative and quantitative characterization of MOR in different traditional usage is needed. Anthraquinones, iridoid glycosides and oligosaccharides are the common reference compounds for chemical characterization of MOR. However, they are usually selectively characterized, which is not comprehensive enough in herbal quality evaluation. To deal with this, metabolomics targeting secondary metabolome and glycomics targeting glycome can be applied. And the integration of metabolomics and glycomics could be a promising approach to investigate overall chemical variations in MOR according to its traditional usage. Therefore, in this study, chromatographic methods for metabololmics and glycomics were firstly developed to study the traditional usage of MOR. In Chapter 2, they were applied for studying chemical variation and differences in growth year and plant tissue of MOR. In Chapter 3, chemical differences in processed products of MOR were also studied using the established metabololmics and glycomics methods. Further bioactivity differences of them were studied by cell metabolomics with HEK 293 cells under high glucose microenvironment. Besides that, in Chapter 4, consumption method of not only MOR, but other herbal medicines were studied. Conventional boiling water extraction (BWE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were compared to understand their effects on polysaccharides. For the study of growth year and tissues of MOR, the results showed that various types of bioactive components reached a maximum between 3-4 years of growth; and that xylem contained more potentially toxic constituents, but less bioactive components, than cortex. For the study of processing products, the results showed that secondary metabolome and glycome of raw MOR and other processing products was found qualitatively and quantitatively different. Contents of secondary metabolites were generally increased in processed products, while saccharides were decreased instead. Also, steamed MOR (F) seemed to show preventive effect of diabetic nephropathy and different MOR processing products had induced different metabolic changes on high glucose induced HEK 293 cells. In the study of extraction methods, the results showed that the polysaccharides from the herbal medicines by UAE were quantitatively and qualitatively different with those by BWE. The powerful extraction ability and polysaccharide degradation caused by ultrasound collectively contributed to these differences. It was revealed that not only the UAE conditions but also the polysaccharide structures could affect the extraction ability and polysaccharide degradation To conclude, metabolomics and glycomics were integrated in this study to investigate the variations in secondary metabolome and glycome in MOR. We had successfully applied these methods to study and provide scientific basis for traditional practice of MOR. We had proved that 3rd to 4th years of growth are the key period for the development of the biochemical signature of MOR. Xylem and cortex of MOR were qualitatively and quantitatively different and removing xylem could help to remove potentially toxic components. This study also provided scientific evidences for the justification of MOR and its processed products, as well as their metabolic effects on high glucose induced DN in HEK 293 cells. Besides, this study revealed both UAE parameters and structural properties of polysaccharides affects extraction recovery of polysaccharides in herbal medicines. Hence, we suggest UAE should be carefully considered before employing it in relevant chemical and pharmacological analysis.
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Nombewu, Nomatile. "The impacts of harvesting circumcision amaryllids from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020648.
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This quantitative study seeks to determine the impacts of harvesting three plant species traditionally used for wound healing during circumcision. Three localities where these plant species occur have been identified. The population size for each species was determined and an assessment of the extent of harvesting was determined through repeated assessment of marked plants. A significant harvest of these species resulted in the unsustainable use of our natural resources. Out of 25 Boophone disticha plants marked, only one plant was remaining after two circumcision seasons. The Brunsvigia grandiflora and Scadoxus multiflorus populations monitored disappeared completely, with no single marked plant found after two circumcision seasons. Growth rates of wild populations of Boophone disticha and cultivated Brunsvigia grandiflora and Scadoxus multiflorus plants were determined. The seedling bulbs of Brunsvigia grandiflora grew significantly more slowly at less than 0.6 cm per year, while Scadoxus multiflorus grew faster at over 1 cm per year. A model for population dynamics of the three plant species was designed which showed that the plants are being harvested before they even flower. It is therefore recommended in this study that a conservation plan for these plant species must be done to save the little that is left in the wild before they become critically endangered.
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White, Andrew Graeme. "The effect of geography, cultivation and harvest technique on the umckalin concentration and growth of pelargonium sidoides (Geraniaceae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003803.
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Pelargonium sidoides DC. (Geraniaceae) root extracts are used in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa as a traditional medicine for the treatment of respiratory tract and gastro-intestinal infections. Ethanolic extracts are used globally as herbal treatments for bronchitis, asthma and as an immune system booster. Despite documented exploitation of wild populations by illegal harvesters, this species has not been awarded a protected status. The high level of harvest in the years preceding this study prompted this investigation of the prospects for sustainable root harvest through wild harvest and greenhouse cultivation. A novel method was developed for the purification of umckalin, a bioactive constituent in root extracts, such that the root umckalin concentrations of wild and cultivated plants could be quantified by HPLC. As part of the cultivation experiments, the concentration of umckalin in roots was measured for plants across part of the species’ distribution range in the Eastern Cape Province. This survey revealed that root umckalin concentrations were inversely related to the average annual rainfall of the collection site (r² = 0.94, p = 0.007) and directly related to soil pH (r² = 0.97, p = 0.002). Thus, the possibility of inducing high umckalin concentrations in greenhouse-cultivated plants was investigated by subjecting plants to rapid and prolonged water stress treatments. Two leaf applied hormone treatments (cytokinin and gibberellin) and a root competition treatment with a fast growing annual (Conyza albida) were also investigated based on the potential function of umckalin in P. sidoides plants. These five treatments did not significantly affect root umckalin concentrations compared to well-watered controls. The results of further experiments suggested that umckalin production may have been influenced by the geographical origin and genetics of plants rather than environmental variation. Following wild harvest experiments, the regrowth of replanted shoots from which a standard proportion of the root was harvested showed that water availability affected shoot survival but not root regrowth rate. Regrowth rates were low, questioning the viability of wild harvest. In contrast, greenhouse cultivated plants showed ca. six times greater growth rates, supporting the cultivation of roots to supply future market demand.
Books on the topic "Medicinal plants Botany"
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Pardo de Tavera, T. H. Plantas medicinales de Filipinas =: Medicinal plants of the Philippines. Makati City, Philippines: Ayala Foundation, 2000.
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Zhao, Zhongzhen, and Peigen Xiao. Encyclopedia of medicinal plants. Shanghai, PRC: Shanghai World Publishing Corporation, 2009.
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Johanna, Lehner, ed. Food, drink, and medicinal plants. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2005.
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Turay, B. M. S. Medicinal plants of Sierra Leone: A compendium. Edmonton, Alberta: Centre for the Cross-Cultural Study for Health and Healing, University of Alberta, 1997.
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Trivedi, P. C. Medicinal plants: Utilisation and conservation. 2nd ed. Jaipur, Raj., India: Aavishkar Publishers, Distributors, 2009.
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Roth, Ingrid. South American medicinal plants: Botany, remedial properties, and general use. Berlin: Springer, 2002.
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Roth, Ingrid. South American medicinal plants: Botany, remedial properties and general use. Berlin: Springer, 2002.
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Medicinal plants of the world: Chemical constituents, traditional, and modern medicinal uses. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 1999.
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Ross, Ivan A. Medicinal plants of the world: Chemical constituents, traditional and modern medicinal uses. 2nd ed. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Medicinal plants Botany"
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Wickens, Gerald E. "Human and Veterinary Medicinal Plants." In Economic Botany, 317–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0969-0_16.
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Singh, D., Y. Y. Siew, H. C. Yew, S. Y. Neo, and H. L. Koh. "Botany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Leea Species." In Medicinal Plants, 11–41. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2019. | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429259968-2.
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Ahmed, Hassan, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, Mallappa Kumara Swamy, Muhammad Saiful Ahmad-Hamdani, Dzolkifli Omar, Mohd Yusop Rafii, Uma Rani Sinniah, and Mohd Sayeed Akhtar. "Botany, Chemistry, and Pharmaceutical Significance of Sida cordifolia: A Traditional Medicinal Plant." In Anticancer plants: Properties and Application, 517–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8548-2_22.
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Alamgir, A. N. M. "Pharmacognostical Botany: Classification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs), Botanical Taxonomy, Morphology, and Anatomy of Drug Plants." In Progress in Drug Research, 177–293. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63862-1_6.
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"Botany of Phytosteroids Containing Medicinal Plants." In Contemporary Phytomedicines, 97–104. Title: Contemporary phytomedicines / Amritpal Singh Saroya. Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2016] | “A Science Publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315367071-20.
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McCormack, Carey. "Discovery and Patriarchy." In Environments of Empire, 129–48. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469655932.003.0007.
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This chapter focuses on the famous botanist and director of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Joseph Hooker, and his journeys in South Asia. Joseph Hooker’s journeys provide a typical case study of a significant shift in the network of exchange from a diversity of people engaged in botanical “discovery” to a white, male-dominated profession. While professional botanists such as Joseph Hooker relied on indigenous knowledge about cultivation, soil erosion, adaptation and medicinal uses of plants collected in British holdings, local collectors who performed the majority of the work increasingly became silent partners in “discovery.” Botany and the expansion of Empire are intimately tied during the mid-nineteenth century and the hardening of the colonial categories of race, class and gender is evidenced by this shift towards botany as an exclusionary science. The professionalization of botany led to the exclusion of women and colonial subjects from the science of discovery.
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Devi, Suman, Ena Gupta, Mamta Sahu, and Pragya Mishra. "Proven Health Benefits and Uses of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)." In Ethnopharmacological Investigation of Indian Spices, 197–204. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2524-1.ch015.
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Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) is an annual herb that belongs to the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) and is commonly known as dhanya. For centuries, the coriander plants and their parts, primarily their leaves and ripe seeds, have been used in folk medicines in addition to culinary uses. This plant is herbaceous and aromatic and is cultivated in several countries, including India, Italy, the Netherlands, Europe, China, and Bangladesh. The coriander plant is rich in essential oils, vitamins (vitamins C and K), minerals (calcium, phosphorous, potassium, thiamine, and niacin), and other micronutrients. The plants are extensively used in the preparation of food items. C. sativum essential oil and extracts possess various potential pharmacological properties and has been found to possess carminative, diuretic, stomachic, aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. The present study aims to discuss the botany, traditional uses, medicinal, and industrial applications of coriander extracts and essential oils.
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Sahu, Mamta, Suman Devi, Pragya Mishra, and Ena Gupta. "Mustard Is a Miracle Seed to Human Health." In Ethnopharmacological Investigation of Indian Spices, 154–62. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2524-1.ch012.
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Brassica juncea, known as Indian mustard, has been used for centuries for its nutritional and medicinal values. L. brassica is a genus of plants in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. Among the different varieties of mustard, the three principals are Brassica hirta or Alba (yellow-white), B. nigra (black), and B. juncea (brown). In Asian countries, India ranks first in mustard production, and mustard is the primary cooking oil used. In folkloric medicine, different parts of the plants are obtained to treat a wide variety of human aliments. Mustard seed is good source of protein, fibre, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and phytonutrients. The plant has several health benefits acting as antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, antimalarial, etc. The present study aims to discuss the up to date information regarding the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications of mustard seed and its essential oil.
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"Botany, medicine, and plant introductions." In Gardens for Gloriana. Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350134669.ch-006.
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Meriç, Sinan, Tamer Gümüş, and Alp Ayan. "Plant-based Vaccines: The Future of Preventive Healthcare?" In Botany - Recent Advances and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97861.
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Infectious diseases threatened humankind countless times through history, when knowledge on microorganisms was absent and medical capabilities were limited. Pandemics and outbreaks caused death of millions, brought empires to their knees and even wiped some ancient civilizations. In “modern” days, despite of improved medical application, sanitary precautions and effective medicines, infectious diseases are still cause of more than 54% of total mortality in developing countries. Millions of people are protected from the infectious diseases annually as a result of mass immunization campaigns. Nevertheless, novel diseases as COVID-19, MERS-CoV, avian influenza, Ebola, Zika and possible future infections require dynamic vaccine research and investment. Along with all the advantages of vaccines, there are several limitations regarding cost, biosafety/biosecurity, storage, distribution, degradation topics. Plant-based vaccine production for humans and animals has been under serious consideration to overcome some of these limitations. Nowadays, plant biotechnology brought new insight to vaccines research through gene transfer strategies to plants and improvements in amount, isolation and purification and addition of adjuvant for production of recombinant vaccine antigens in plants. Recombinant vaccines can undeniably offer us new standards and legal regulations to be introduced for the development, approval, authorization, licensing, distribution and marketing of such vaccines. The aim of this chapter is to exploit uses, methods and advantages of recombinant DNA technology and novel plant biotechnology applications for plant-based vaccine research in respect to existing infectious diseases.
Conference papers on the topic "Medicinal plants Botany"
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Postnikova, M. E., and M. N. Shurupova. "Medicinal plants of the Tomsk region: questions of economic botany." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-32.
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Some scientific problems in the economic botany area are represented in the article. The list of medicinal plants that were grown on the territory of the Tomsk region was complied and analyzed. According to the literature, the degree of knowledge of the resources of medicinal plants in the Tomsk region was determined. We investigated Tomsk drugstores’ assortment of drugs plant species of the Tomsk region have been identified, which can be used in the production of medicines to meet the demand in this territory.
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Doyle Prestwich, Barbara. "Learning beyond the classroom - Importance of residential fieldcourses in teaching plant biology." In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.28.
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The establishment of physic gardens (gardens particularly focused on plants with medicinal properties) dates back to the middle of the 16th century and generally had strong links with university medical schools (Bennett, 2014). Wyse Jackson in 1999 described botanic gardens as ‘institutions holding documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display and education’. In 2014, Bennet described the role of botanic gardens in university education as akin to learning in Paradise. By 2050 it is predicted that almost two thirds of the world’s population will live in an urban environment. This may have a huge impact on our ability to both experience and understand the natural world. Plants have a massive impact on the earth’s environment. This paper focuses on learning beyond the classroom in botanic & physic gardens and in industry settings using the annual Applied Plant Biology fieldcourse in UCC as a case study. The Applied Plant Biology residential fieldcourse has been running for the past five years (started in 2014) and takes place around Easter each year. I am the coordinator. It is a 5 day residential course for 3rd year Plant Science students. The learning outcomes of the fieldtrip state that; students should be able to discuss recent developments in industrial plant science research (facilitated in part by visits to a multinational (Syngenta) and smaller family owned companies (Tozers)); be able to explain worldwide plant conservation approaches and plant biodiversity in the context of different plant ecosystems and anthropogenic environmental impacts through engagement with such centers of excellence as Kew Botanic Gardens in London, Kew’s Millenium Seedbank Wakehurst in Sussex and the Chelsea Physic Garden in central London.
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Young, M., G. Levielle, and S. Jackson. "In vitro antioxidant activity of Modern Botany™ products and selected natural product ingredients." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400423.
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Griffin, Alidair A., Barbara Doyle Prestwich, and Eoin P. Lettice. "UCC Open Arboretum Project: Trees as a teaching and outreach tool for environmental and plant education." In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.25.
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The University College Cork (UCC) Open Arboretum Project aims to re-imagine the original purpose of the University’s tree collection – as a teaching tool. The arboretum represents a unique on-campus learning space which has been under-utilised for teaching in recent times. The arboretum has the capacity to engage students, staff and visitors in a tangible way with important global issues (e.g. the climate emergency and biodiversity loss). It is also an opportunity to combat ‘plant blindness’, i.e. the ambivalence shown to plants in our environment compared to often charismatic animal species. Wandersee and Schussler (1999) coined the term “plant blindness” to describe the preference for animals rather than plants that they saw in their own biology students. Knapp (2019) has argued that, in fact, humans are less ‘plant blind’ and more ‘everything-but-vertebrates-blind’ with school curricula and television programming over-emphasising the role of vertebrates at the expense of other groups of organisms. Botanic gardens and arboreta have long been used for educational purposes. Sellman and Bogner (2012) have shown that learning about climate change in a botanic garden led to a significant shortterm and long-term knowledge gain for high-school students compared to students who learned in a classroom setting. There is also evidence that learning outside as part of a science curriculum results in higher levels of overall motivation in the students and a greater feeling of competency (Dettweiler et al., 2017). The trees in the UCC collection, like other urban trees also provide a range of benefits outside of the educational sphere. Large, mature trees, with well-developed crowns and large leaf surface area have the capacity to store more carbon than smaller trees. They provide shade as well as food and habitats for animal species as well providing ‘symbolic, religious and historic’ value in public common spaces. Such benefits have recently been summarised by Cavender and Donnolly (2019) and aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 11, Sustainable Cities and Communities by Turner-Skoff and Cavender (2019). A stakeholder survey has been conducted to evaluate how the tree collection is currently used and a tour of the most significant trees in the collection has been developed. The tour encourages participants to explore the benefits of plants through many lenses including recreation, medicine and commemoration. The open arboretum project brings learning beyond the classroom and acts as an entry point for learning in a variety of disciplines, not least plant science and environmental education generally.