Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medicinal plants (In vitro study)'
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Odeyemi, Samuel Wale. "A comparative study of the in vitro antidiabetic properties, cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of Albuca bracteata and Albuca setosa bulb extracts." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3154.
Full textSilva, Ana Mara de Oliveira e. "Efeito dos compostos fenólicos presentes no alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) sobre as enzimas antioxidantes e os parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue de ratos diabéticos induzidos por estreptozotocina (OU) Efeito dos compostos fenólicos presentes no alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) sobre as enzimas antioxidantes e os parâmetros bioquímicos de ratos diabéticos induzidos por estreptozotocina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-26092017-161242/.
Full textHerbs and spices are potential sources of antioxidants. This antioxidant capacity is related to the presence of phenolic compounds that play an important role in the peroxidation inhibition processes, that can act on the oxidative stress, which is related to various diseases, including the diabetes. Rosemary is much appreciated due to its aroma and flavor properties, and has the following constituents as phenolic compounds: carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmannlc acid, cafeic acid, and hydroxycinnamic ester. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity of the extracts and fractions of phenolic acids obtained from the leaves of rosemary and its effect on diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. The results showed that both extract and fractions contains high leveis of total phenolic compounds, and a significant in vitro antioxidative activity evaluated by three methods: β-carotene / Linoleic acid system, DPPH radical scavenging and ORAC. For in vivo tests, it was used a type 1 diabetes model, which presented the main clinicai features: polyuria, polyfagia, polydipsia, and weight loss. It was also observed the following changes in biochemical markers: an altered antioxidant enzymatic activity; a significant increase (p<0.05) of blood glucose, percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb-G), triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, and enzymes ALT and AST. The aqueous extract of rosemary administered daily for 30 days at dose of 50 mg/kg increased the activity of enzymes CAT and GPx in the liver and SOD in the brain of diabetic rats, also decreased the percentage of Hb-G. The same dose, when administered for 60 days, led to a reduction of percentage of Hb-G, circulating lipids, and creatinine, also reducing the activity of enzymes SOD and GPx in the analyzed tissues, and maintaining the normal function of liver enzymes AL T and AST. There was no dose¬response effect on the studied parameters. Some toxic effect was observed when higher doses were used (100 mg/kg) but this effect must be better characterized. Therefore, aqueous extracts of rosemary at dose of 50 mg/kg presented a significant in vitro antioxidant capacity that can be an important role on the oxidative stress in experimental diabetes.
Matongo, Kudakwashe. "Conservation and use-values of medicinal plants in rural eastern Zimbabwe: A study of selected medicinal plants." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4065.
Full textMedicinal plants remain a very important natural resource used as traditional medicines for health needs in many developing countries. In the current deepening economic and political crises in Zimbabwe a significant number of the population has inevitably relied more on natural resources which has led to receding population and scarcity of many medicinal plant species in their natural habitat. It is against this background that this research, using Rural Eastern Zimbabwe that this study explored the extent to which use values of medicinal plants increased since the Zimbabwean crises and the different use values of these species among men and women. The rational choice theory, use value approach and concept of utility constituted a theoretical grounding of the research process. The study essentially used qualitative research methods with some quantitative data. A mix of interviews and focus group discussions were employed for this study. Interviews were conducted with community leaders, traditional healers, NGOs in the similar field and Government stakeholders eliciting their views on use values of medicinal plants and sustainable interventions that can be enacted in conserving these species. The findings of the study were shown through using tables, charts and the quantitative data was presented using STATA. The calculated total usevalues of the 11 medicinal plants showed that Kirkia ancuminata Oliv, Dicoma anomala Sond, Syzgium guineense DC, Zingiber offinale, Acacia Karoo Hayne were found to have “high total use-values” and Lannea edulis Engl, Aloe, Lippia javanica Spreng, Virtex payos merril, parinari curatelli and Coleochloa setiflora have “low total use-values”
Siriwatanametanon, Nisarat. "Traditionally used Thai medicinal plants : in vitro anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522827.
Full textNtutela, Siyabulela Calvin Sibusiso. "In vitro efficacy tests against Mycobacterium species of South African traditional medicinal plants." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3445.
Full textTuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to a single organism; with a mortality of more than 3million people each year, worldwide. The emergence of multi-drug resistance and HIV/AIDS are the major causes of this problem. New therapeutic agents with a different mode of action, and thereby of resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent, are needed urgently. Amongst the methods used, the area of ethnopharmacology is explored in this study. Visits were performed to collect the plants used by traditional healers in 7 provinces of South Africa for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Van, Rooyen Anzel. "The effect of in vitro digestion on selected biological activities of Hypoxis sobolifera corms." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020058.
Full textLuseba, D., ME Letsoalo, and Katerere. "A comparative study of antibacterial activities of wild and cultivated plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine." African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000679.
Full textGutu, Ketema Tolossa. "Bioassay-guided phytochemical study of indigenous medicinal plants of Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28964.
Full textBoukes, Gerhardt Johannes. "The in vitro biological activities of three Hypoxis species and their active compounds." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1228.
Full textMulubwe, Ngosa. "A comparative study of the Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitory activity of Artemisia Afra, Leonotis Leonorus and mentha longifolia plant medicines. /." Thesis, Online Access, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_gen8Srv25Nme4_7163_1257926263.pdf.
Full textVenables, Luanne. "In vitro induction of cell death pathways by artemisia afra extract and isolation of an active compound, isoalantolactone." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021087.
Full textSantos, Fabio Vieira dos. "Avaliação da mutagenicidade in vivo e in vitro de compostos obtidos de plantas nativas do cerrado /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104029.
Full textBanca: Francisca da Luz Dias
Banca: Denise Crispin Tavares
Banca: Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
Banca: Daisy Maria Fávero Salvador
Resumo: No presente trabalho, foram avaliadas dez espécies vegetais, nativas do cerrado brasileiro e utilizadas popularmente no tratamento de úlceras gástricas, quanto ao seu potencial mutagênico. Foram empregados os testes de Ames (in vitro) e do micronúcleo em células do sangue periférico de camundongos (in vivo). De cada espécie vegetal foram avaliados dois tipos de extratos brutos: um polar e um apolar. Nos ensaios in vitro foi verificada mutagenicidade especialmente para os extratos polares (metanólicos) das seguintes espécies vegetais: A. castaneifolia, A. glandulosa, A. triplinervia, M. pusa, Q. grandiflora, Q. multiflora e S. pseudoquina. Nesses mesmos ensaios, os únicos extratos apolares que apresentaram mutagenicidade foram os obtidos de Q. grandiflora e Q. multiflora. Foram avaliados in vivo apenas os extratos polares, sendo que apresentaram mutagenicidade os extratos metanólicos de A. castaneifolia, A. glandulosa, A. triplinervia, Q. multiflora e S. pseudoquina. De acordo com as caracterizações químicas realizadas com as espécies vegetais estudadas, ficou evidente a participação bastante efetiva dos compostos fenólicos (flavonóides e taninos) na mutagenicidade observada. Também foi possível verificar o papel que possíveis interações entre os diferentes compostos químicos presentes nos extratos podem ter em suas atividades biológicas. Tendo em vista as informações obtidas, ficou clara a necessidade que os estudos biológicos e fitoquímicos apresentam para se promover uma maior compreensão dos riscos que podem estar associados aos tratamentos medicinais baseados em plantas.
Abstract: In this work we evaluate the mutagenic potential of ten vegetable species native of the Brazilian savannah and used popularly in the treatment of gastric ulcers. The Ames test (in vitro) and the Micronucleus test (in vivo) were employed. We evaluate a polar extract and a non-polar extract to each vegetal species. The in vitro assays show the mutagenicity of the methanol extracts (polar) obtained from A. castaneifolia, A. glandulosa, A. triplinervia, M. pusa, Q. grandiflora, Q. multiflora e S. pseudoquina. The non-polar extracts from Q.grandiflora e Q. multiflora were mutagenic too. In vivo, only the polar extracts were studied and the methanol extracts from A. castaneifolia, A. glandulosa, A. triplinervia, Q. multiflora e S. pseudoquina were mutagenic. The phytochemical studies with the evaluated plants permit to infer the participation of the flavonoids and tannins in the mutagenic activities observed in vitro and in vivo. We also verified in this biological activity possible interactions between the different substances present in the raw extracts. In this way, we could to observe the importance of phytochemical and biological studies to promote a better comprehension of the risks that can be associated to the medicinal treatments based in the plants use.
Doutor
Baatjies, Lucinda. "In vitro cytotoxic effects of selected Nigerian medicinal plant extracts on cancer cell lines." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008191.
Full textMei, Mei. "In vitro characterization of metabolism and permeability of mulberroside A and its aglycone oxyresveratrol." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2445988.
Full textKnowles, Cindy-Lee. "Synergistic effects of mixtures of the kresoxim-methyl fungicide and medicinal plants extracts in vitro and in vivo against Botrytis Cinerea." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textMoller, Anelle. "In vitro propagation and leaf ultrastructure of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides) derived from nodal explants." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25368.
Full textDissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted
Peng, Yong. "Pharmacognostical study of lycium species." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/601.
Full textTshikalange, Thilivhali Emmanuel. "n vitro anti-HIV-1 properties of ethnobotanically selected South African plants used in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07032008-121613/.
Full textKok, Tsz Wai. "A comparative study of two anti-angiogenic compounds : sinomenine and norcantharidin." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2003. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/508.
Full textSaleem, Nabila. "An ethno-pharmacological study of Egyptian Bedouin women's knowledge of medicinal plants." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16851.
Full textPais, Vinícius Andrade Arce. "Avaliação de atividade anticâncer in vitro e in vivo de plantas medicinais provenientes da Serra da Mantiqueira Paulista." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317625.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O câncer é um conjunto de mais de 100 doenças diferentes que afligem a população mundial e caracteriza-se pela perda de função celular e ausência de diferenciação, além da proliferação descontrolada. Somente no Brasil, estima-se que foram registrados 489.270 novos casos de câncer em 2010. O Brasil é o país com a maior diversidade genética vegetal do mundo, representando uma das mais ricas fontes de materiais farmacologicamente ativos. Os extratos de plantas medicinais e seus compostos derivados são conhecidos por serem efetivos agentes contra vários tipos de cânceres. Estima-se que 60% das drogas antitumorais sejam de origem vegetal. A partir da coleta aleatória realizada no projeto BIOPROSPECTA-FAPESP (04/15410-0), foram selecionadas 10 espécies que apresentaram efeitos antiproliferativos. Dessas espécies, 5 foram novamente coletadas, sendo elas: Miconia latecrenata (DC.)Naudin, Mollinedia schottiana (Spreng.)Perkins, Boehmeria caudata Sw., Boehmeria cylindrica Sw. e Acnistus arborescens. Foram preparados extratos diclorometânicos (EBD) e etanólicos (EBE) das folhas destas espécies os quais foram avaliados quanto à atividade antiproliferativa in vitro, em linhagens de células tumorais humanas. Todos os extratos apresentaram pelo menos efeito citostático no teste in vitro à exceção daqueles obtidos de Mollinedia schottiana. A partir desses resultados e da disponibilidade de material vegetal, foram selecionados para dar continuidade ao estudo Boehmeria caudata e a B. cylindrica. Assim, por existir dados referentes a alcalóides com efeitos citostáticos descritos na literatura, realizou-se extração ácido-base dos dois espécimes, onde se isolou alcalóides de polaridades diferentes. Os alcalóides isolados, e suas frações neutras, das duas plantas, EBAEN e EBCA, para Boehmeria cylindrica e FALCBC e FAENBC para Boehmeria caudata, foram encaminhados a testes in vitro, onde apenas os alcalóides da espécie B. caudata, retornou resultados positivos. O EBD de Boehmeria cylindrica e os extratos EBE e EBD de Boehmeria caudata, juntamente com a fração FALCBC foram submetidos a testes in vivo, utilizando o modelo do Tumor Sólido de Ehrlich. O EBD de Boehmeria cylindrica e de Boehmeria caudata apresentaram resultados significativos ( p<0,05) diminuindo a progressão tumoral.Os EBDs de B. cylindrica e de B. caudata apresentaram redução significativa (p<0,05) na progressão tumoral. Por outro lado, o EBE de B. caudata e a fração FALCBC não apresentaram atividade no teste in vivo, sugerindo que em função da maior polaridade dos compostos presentes nessas amostras, essas substâncias que apresentaram atividade antiproliferativa in vitro foram metabolizadas e excretadas antes de atingirem seus sítios de ação no modelo in vivo. Concluindo, as espécies estudadas apresentaram significativa atividade antitumoral, corroborando com os relatos existentes de estudos de atividade antitumoral para outras espécies do gênero Boehmeria, e indicando o potencial do gênero para o desenvolvimento de uma droga anticâncer
Abstract: Cancer is a group of 100 different diseases that afflict the world's population and is characterized by loss of cell function, due to absence of differentiation, in addition to uncontrolled proliferation. In Brazil alone, an estimated 489,270 new cancer cases were reported in 2010. Brazil is the country with the greatest plant genetic diversity of the world, representing one of the richest sources of pharmacologically active materials. Extracts of medicinal plants and their derived compounds are known to be effective agents against several types of cancers. It is estimated that 60% of anticancer drugs are of plant origin. Based on the random collection performed in the project BIOprospecTA-FAPESP (04/15410-0), 10 species that had significant anti-proliferative effects, were selected. From these, five were collected again, as follows: Miconia latecrenata (DC.)Naudin, Mollinedia schottiana (Spreng.)Perkins, Boehmeria caudata Sw., Boehmeria cylindrica Sw. and Acnistus arborescens. These species were submitted for extraction process, resulting in dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts, subsequently which was evaluated with in vitro tests of human tumor cell lines. All of them showed cytocidal or cytostatic effects with in vitro assays, except for Mollinedia schottiana that produced no positive results. The available specimens with positive results were selected to continue the study; they are Boehmeria caudata and Boehmeria cylindrica. Thus, since data of alkaloids with cytostatic effects have been described in the literature, an acid-base extraction was made of the two specimens, where alkaloids of different polarities were isolated. Isolated alkaloids, and the respective neutral fractions of the two plants, EBAEN and EBCA for Boehmeria cylindrica, FALCBC and FAENBC for Boehmeria caudata, were used in in vitro assays, where only the alkaloids from B. caudata, gave positive results. The DBE of Boehmeria cylindrica and the extracts, EBE and DBE of Boehmeria caudata, along with the FALCBC fraction were tested in vivo using the solid Ehrlich's tumor model. The DBE of Boehmeria cylindrica and of Boehmeria caudata showed significant results (p <0.05), decreasing tumor progression. The brute ethanol extract of Boehmeria caudata, along with its fraction, FALCBC, showed no anti-proliferative activity. The genus Boehmeria was subject to several studies for different species, indicating a potential of the genus for the discovery of a new anticancer drug. The species studied showed significant antitumor activity. The negative results of the alkaloidal fraction and the EBE of Boehmeria caudata in in vivo tests, do not invalidate its potential because these samples were possibly metabolized and excreted before reaching their action sites, probably due to the polarity of these substances
Mestrado
Biologia Celular
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Ng'uni, Tiza Lucy. "Medicinal uses of Galenia africana: A study of the antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer properties." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5670.
Full textOver the years, microorganisms have become resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents leading to multidrug resistance. This is believed to occur even with new classes of therapeutic agents thus creating a challenge on the global healthcare system. The study of medicinal plants allows for their possible use as alternative therapeutic agents. Galenia africana (G. africana) is a South African medicinal plant with numerous health benefits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer properties of the ethanolic extract of G. africana. Prior to evaluating these properties, in vitro and in vivo acute toxicity studies were conducted to assess the toxicity profile of G. africana. The toxicity profile of the G. africana extract was evaluated using acute toxicity studies conducted in animal and reconstituted human epidermis skin models. The results of the acute oral and dermal toxicity studies revealed that the median lethal dosage (LD50) for G. africana extract in Sprague-Dawley rats was considered to exceed 2000 mg/kg. In the dermal sensitization study, the stimulation index (SI) values for the mice treated with the G. africana extract at concentrations of 25% (50 mg/ml), 50% (100 mg/ml), and 100% (200 mg/ml), when compared to the control group, were 1.3, 0.9 and 1.3, respectively which did not result in an SI value of ? 3 in any group. Hence, it did not elicit a hypersensitivity response. In the irritation test, the G. africana (concentrate) and G. africana (in-use dilution) extracts were non-irritant on the reconstituted human epidermis.
Maja, Matshidiso Patricia. "In Vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of selected South African medicinal plants used in the treatment of periodontitis." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24855.
Full textDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Community Dentistry
unrestricted
Qodi, Noluntu. "In Vitro tests for immunomodulatory effects of medicinal plants used in the treatment of Malaria in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3454.
Full textUsing the ethno-medicinal data approach, nine South African plants used traditionally in the treatment of malaria were collected and evaluated for cytotoxic and lymphocyte-proliferating effects. These included Acokanthera oppositofolia, Zanthoxylum capense, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Harpephyllum caffrum, Lippia javanica, Pentanisia prunneloides, Psidium guajava, Typha capensis and Cannabis sativa. The cytotoxic effect of the aqueous, methanol and dichloromethane extracts of these plants was evaluated in vitro in Rat-1 fibroblasts there was no observable difference in cytotoxic activity between cold-and hot-water extracts of all the plants investigated. Cell proliferation greater than 80% was observed for aqueous extracts of A. oppositofolia, H. caffrum, L. javanica, P. prunneloides, P. guajava and T. capensis which would suggest are considered safe for consumption. However, high cytotoxic effect was exhibited by dichloromethane extracts of Z. capense, L. javanica, C. sativa and P. guajava at 100 μg/ml. These findings suggest that dichloromethane extracted compounds that are not normally extractable by traditional methods.
Okeleye, Benjamin Ifeoluwa. "In vitro activity of bioactive compounds of selected South African medicinal plants on clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/310.
Full textFewell, William. "An assessment of the in vitro neuroprotective potential of selected Algerian and South African medicinal plant extracts." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8608.
Full textPenduka, Dambudzo. "In-vitro anti-vibrio activities of crude extracts of Garcinia Kola seeds." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/405.
Full textGiovannini, Peter. "Mazatec Ethnomedicine. A Community Study on Laypeople Knowledge of Medicinal Plants and Pharmaceuticals." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499204.
Full textAnkli, Anita Sabine. "Yucatec Mayan medicinal plants : ethnobotany, biological evaluation and phytochemical study of Crossopetalum gaumeri." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13555.
Full textSantos, Fabio Vieira dos [UNESP]. "Avaliação da mutagenicidade in vivo e in vitro de compostos obtidos de plantas nativas do cerrado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104029.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
No presente trabalho, foram avaliadas dez espécies vegetais, nativas do cerrado brasileiro e utilizadas popularmente no tratamento de úlceras gástricas, quanto ao seu potencial mutagênico. Foram empregados os testes de Ames (in vitro) e do micronúcleo em células do sangue periférico de camundongos (in vivo). De cada espécie vegetal foram avaliados dois tipos de extratos brutos: um polar e um apolar. Nos ensaios in vitro foi verificada mutagenicidade especialmente para os extratos polares (metanólicos) das seguintes espécies vegetais: A. castaneifolia, A. glandulosa, A. triplinervia, M. pusa, Q. grandiflora, Q. multiflora e S. pseudoquina. Nesses mesmos ensaios, os únicos extratos apolares que apresentaram mutagenicidade foram os obtidos de Q. grandiflora e Q. multiflora. Foram avaliados in vivo apenas os extratos polares, sendo que apresentaram mutagenicidade os extratos metanólicos de A. castaneifolia, A. glandulosa, A. triplinervia, Q. multiflora e S. pseudoquina. De acordo com as caracterizações químicas realizadas com as espécies vegetais estudadas, ficou evidente a participação bastante efetiva dos compostos fenólicos (flavonóides e taninos) na mutagenicidade observada. Também foi possível verificar o papel que possíveis interações entre os diferentes compostos químicos presentes nos extratos podem ter em suas atividades biológicas. Tendo em vista as informações obtidas, ficou clara a necessidade que os estudos biológicos e fitoquímicos apresentam para se promover uma maior compreensão dos riscos que podem estar associados aos tratamentos medicinais baseados em plantas.
In this work we evaluate the mutagenic potential of ten vegetable species native of the Brazilian savannah and used popularly in the treatment of gastric ulcers. The Ames test (in vitro) and the Micronucleus test (in vivo) were employed. We evaluate a polar extract and a non-polar extract to each vegetal species. The in vitro assays show the mutagenicity of the methanol extracts (polar) obtained from A. castaneifolia, A. glandulosa, A. triplinervia, M. pusa, Q. grandiflora, Q. multiflora e S. pseudoquina. The non-polar extracts from Q.grandiflora e Q. multiflora were mutagenic too. In vivo, only the polar extracts were studied and the methanol extracts from A. castaneifolia, A. glandulosa, A. triplinervia, Q. multiflora e S. pseudoquina were mutagenic. The phytochemical studies with the evaluated plants permit to infer the participation of the flavonoids and tannins in the mutagenic activities observed in vitro and in vivo. We also verified in this biological activity possible interactions between the different substances present in the raw extracts. In this way, we could to observe the importance of phytochemical and biological studies to promote a better comprehension of the risks that can be associated to the medicinal treatments based in the plants use.
Anibal, Paula Cristina. "Potencial de ação antimicrobiana in vitro de extratos de plantas na inibição de Candida spp, Streptococcus mutans e Staphylococcus aureus." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289352.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A cavidade oral abriga uma complexa comunidade de microrganismos que podem estar aderidos aos dentes, à mucosa epitelial ou formando biofilme. A maioria desses microrganismos são comensais, com uma minoria causando infecções oportunistas. Dentre esses microrganismos, encontramos as leveduras do gênero Candida, principalmente em indivÃduos imunocomprometidos; o principal agente etiológico da cárie dental Streptococcus mutans e, apesar da presença controversa, o patógeno oportunista Staphylococcus aureus. Diante do desenvolvimento de resistência aos antimicrobianos, há uma grande preocupação relacionada a qual tipo de tratamento utilizar no combate à s infecções provocadas por esses microrganismos. O emprego de extratos brutos de plantas tem merecido a atenção de pesquisadores de vários paÃses, já que podem inibir o crescimento bacteriano e fúngico por diferentes mecanismos quando comparados aos antimicrobianos, justificando a pesquisa em questão. As plantas utilizadas nesta pesquisa foram a Mentha piperita, Rosmarinus officinalis, Tabebuia avellanedae, Arrabidaea chica, Syzygium cumini e Punica granatum, extraÃdas com os solventes diclorometano e metanol, os quais foram eliminados em rotaevaporador, para a obtenção dos extratos brutos, a fim de se avaliar sua concentração inibitória mÃnima (CIM) frente a essas cepas de microrganismos. Os resultados obtidos revelaram-se promissores com as espécies de Candida testadas, principalmente com o extrato metanólico, cuja inibição apresentou atividade com alta sensibilidade das leveduras, porém essa mesma atividade não ocorreu entre as bactérias. Esses dados indicam a necessidade da ampliação do conhecimento sobre as espécies de plantas com potencial antimicrobiano, além de se testar extratos mais purificados e com propriedades farmacológicas ativas contra organismos microbianos. De qualquer forma, estes resultados nos levam a considerar esses extratos vegetais como fontes valiosas para a descoberta de novas moléculas bioativas empregadas para o tratamento alternativo no combate aos agentes microbianos, principalmente à queles resistentes à s drogas antifúngicas e antibacterianas convencionais
Abstract: The oral cavity is a source of a complex microorganisms community that may adhere to teeth, epithelial mucosa or form biofilms. Most of these strains are thought to be commensal, and a small number cause opportunistic infections. Among these microorganisms Candida yeast is the most commom in immunocompromised patients; Sretptococcus mutans is regarded as the primary etiologic agent of dental caries and, although considered controversial the presence, Staphylococcus aureus is also mentioned as an opportunistic pathogen in the oral cavity. Considering the frequent use of antifungal and antibiotics as antimicrobial agents, the development of resistance to these drugs has become an important and worrying factor for the treatment of the infections caused by these microorganisms. The use of crude plants extracts has been a researcherâ?¿s concern from all over the world, since they may inhibit the bacteria and fungi growing by different mechanisms present in the conventional antimicrobials, becoming an important source of investigation. The plants used in this research were Mentha piperita, Rosmarinus officinalis, Tabebuia avellanedae, Arrabidaea chica, Syzygium cumini and Punica granatum, extracted with dichloromethane and methanol solvents, followed by a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluation. The data obtained with Candida strains were promising, specially with the methanolic extract that showed activity in a higher sensibility, but the same activity did not occur among the bacterias. This information increases our knowledge of the crude plants extracts effect against microbial organisms. Nevertheless, the results of this study indicated that these extracts are a promising source for the alternative treatment against the microbial agents, specially for those resistant to the conventional antimicrobial agents
Mestrado
Microbiologia e Imunologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
Grobbelaar, Maria Catharina. "Influence of strigolactones and auxin on Sutherlandia (Lessertia) frutescens in vitro plant tissue cultures." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85701.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. Br., also known as Lessertia frutescens, is a leguminous shrub indigenous to southern Africa. Traditionally this plant has been used for the treatment of various ailments; current interest in this plant has escalated after it was announced that extracts could aid in the relief and treatment of HIV/AIDS. These extracts contain an array of metabolites, including sutherlandins, sutherlandiosides L-arginine, L-canavanine, asparagine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and various other amino acids, which have been linked to medicinal uses. This study focused on the use of hormones to promote the growth and metabolite production of S. frutescens in vitro cultures. The growth promoting substances used in this study were synthetic analogues of strigolactones, GR24 and Nijmegen-1, and auxins, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The first part of this study focused on the effects strigolactones and auxins, alone and combined, had on the growth of S. frutescens in vitro nodal explants. The S. frutescens nodal explants had the most significant improvement in growth with treatments that contained 1 mg/L NAA. These treatments increased growth via fresh and dry mass and plant length. The metabolite content of these nodal explant cultures was evaluated using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolite analysis. The treatments that contained 1 mg/L NAA differed in metabolite composition and showed an increase in metabolite quantity. The SU1 content of the treated plants was also quantified using LC/MS techniques and a combination of 1 mg/L NAA and Nijmegen-1 doubled the amount of SU1. The effect of strigolactones was also studied using hairy root cultures of S. frutescens. Strigolactones alone slightly inhibited the formation of lateral transgenic roots, but when these chemicals were used in combination with auxins, significant reduction in dry mass and lateral root outgrowth resulted. Of the treatments tested in this study, 0.1 mg/L IBA caused noticeable alterations to the metabolite pool, with amino acids such as GABA and arginine accumulating at higher levels than the control explants. The exploitation of hormones to up-regulate the growth and metabolism of the medicinally important plant, Sutherlandia frutescens, proved successful in this study. The use of in vitro nodal explants along with hairy root cultures has assisted in the establishment of a stable system for the up-regulation of metabolites.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. Br., ook bekend as Lessertia frutescens, is 'n peulagtige struik inheems tot suider Afrika. Tradisioneel is die plant vir 'n groot verskeidenheid van kwale gebruik; huidige belangstelling in die plant het toegeneem nadat dit bekend gemaak was dat ekstraksies vanaf hierdie plant verligting kan bied vir MIV/VIGS. Hierdie ekstrakte bevat 'n verskeidenheid van metaboliete, insluitend sutherlandins, sutherlandiosiede L-arginien, L-kanavanien, asparagien, gamma-aminobottersuur (GABS), asook verskeie ander aminosure wat medisinale gebruike het. Die studie het gefokus op die gebruik van hormone om die groei en metaboliete van S. frutescens in vitro kulture te vermeerder. Die groei reguleerders wat in hierdie studie gebruik was, was die sintetiese analoë van strigolaktoon, GR24 en Nijmegen-1, asook die ouksiene, indool-3-bottersuur (IBS) en naftaleen asynsuur (NAS). Die eerste deel van die studie het gefokus op die effek van strigolaktoon en ouksien, alleen en in kombinasie, op die groei van S. frutescens in vitro nodale mikrostingels. Die S. frutescens nodale mikrostingels wat behandel was met 1 mg/L NAS het die aansienlikste toename in groei getoon. Hierdie behandeling het groei bevorder deur middel van vars en droë massa en plant lengte. Die metaboliet inhoud van die behandelde mikrostingels was met behulp van vloeistofchromatografie/massa spektrometrie (VC/MS) ondersoek. Al die behandelinge wat 1 mg/L NAS bevat het, het in metaboliet samestelling verskil en het ook 'n toename in metaboliet hoeveelheid getoon. Die SU1 inhoud van die behandelde plante was ook met behulp van VC/MS tegnieke gekwantifiseer en dit was gevind dat 'n kombinasie van 1 mg/L NAS en Nijmegen-1 die hoeveelheid SU1 verdubbel het. Die effek van strigolaktoon op harige wortel kulture van S. frutescens was ook ondersoek. Strigolaktoon alleen het die formasie van laterale transgeniese wortels effens inhibeer, maar wanneer hierdie chemikalieë saam met ouksiene gebruik was, was die aansienlike afname van die massa en inhibisie van die laterale wortel uitgroeisels meer prominent. Van al die behandelinge wat in hierdie studie getoets is, het 0.1 mg/L IBS die mees merkbare veranderinge in metaboliete meegebring en aminosure soos GABS en arginien het teen hoër vlakke versamel. Die uitbuiting van hormone om groei en metaboliet produksie te bevorder in die belangrike medisinale plant, Sutherlandia frutescens, was suksesvol in hierdie studie. Die gebruik van nodale mikrostingels asook harige wortel kulture het bygedra om 'n stabiele sisteem te vestig vir die vermeerdering van metaboliete.
Zhang, Qi. "The study of novel dioxin antagonist-euxanthone and its derivatives." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2003. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/507.
Full textLiu, Jing. "Comparative study on the chemical constituents and bioactivity between radix astragali and radix hedysari." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1401.
Full textValmorbida, Janice [UNESP]. "Propagação da espécie Trichilia catigua A. Juss (Catiguá)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103248.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Pertencente à família Meliaceae, a espécie Trichilia catigua A. Juss é conhecida popularmente como catigua, cataguá, argelim-rosa e mangalto-catingam. Sua casca apresenta propriedades adstringente, inseticida, purgativa, tônica, bactericida, antiinflamatória e antidepressiva. Com o objetivo de propagar a espécie T. catigua foram desenvolvidos experimentos testando o enraizamento de estacas e a micropropagação com explantes de matrizes e sementes. Os experimentos de enraizamento de estacas foram realizados na primavera 2004, verão 2004/2005, outono, inverno e primavera 2005 e primavera 2006. Em todos os experimentos, estacas com aproximadamente 15 cm de comprimento foram coletadas de árvores adultas e preparadas da parte apical e mediana dos ramos. A seguir, foram submetidas aos reguladores vegetais IBA (ácido indolbutírico), NAA (ácido naftalenoacético) e IAA (ácido 3-indolacético), variando as dosagens. Para a avaliação dos experimentos determinou-se a percentagem de estacas enraizadas, não enraizadas e mortas e quando enraizadas, seu comprimento e diâmetro. No experimento primavera de 2004 foram testadas as concentrações de 1000 e 2000 mg L-1 dos reguladores vegetais IBA, NAA e IAA. As avaliações aos 90 dias após sua instalação revelaram maiores percentagens de enraizamento e iguais a 33,33, 25,00, 22,91 e 23,43 % para estacas submetidas a IBA 1000, 2000 mg L-1 e NAA 1000 e 2000 mg L-1, respectivamente. No verão 2004/2005, outono, inverno e primavera 2005 os experimentos foram conduzidos com as concentrações dos reguladores IBA, NAA e IAA iguais a 1000, 2000 e 3000 mg L-1 e as avaliações foram realizadas após 120 dias. Não houve enraizamento no outono e inverno. A análise conjunta dos resultados obtidos na primavera e no verão mostrou percentagem de enraizamento superior na primavera. A maior percentagem de enraizamento, igual a 19,17%...
The Trichilia catigua A. Juss from the Meliaceae family is popularly known as catigua, cataguá, argelim-rose and mangalto-catingam. Its bark has astringent, insecticide, purgativa, tonic, bactericide, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant properties. With the aim of propagate T. catigua, experiments of rooting with stem cuttings and of micropropagation with explants of trees and seeds were carried out. In all the rooting experiments the stem cuttings with approximately 15 cm of length were collected from adult trees and prepared from the apical and intermediate parts. The cuttings were immersed in the vegetable regulators IBA (Indole-3- butyric acid), ANA (Naphthalene acetic acid) and IAA (Indole-3 acetic acid). The rooted stem cutting and not rooted stem cutting percentage and, when rooted, the length and diameter of roots, were evaluated. In the experiment spring 2004 the concentrations of 1000 and 2000 mg L-1 of IBA, ANA and IAA were tested, with evaluations 90 days after installation. The highest rooting percentage were 33,33, 25,00, 22,91 and 23,43% for IBA 1000, 2000 mg L-1 and ANA 1000 and 2000 mg L-1, respectively. In the summer of 2004/2005, autumn, winter and spring of 2005 IBA, ANA and AIA, with concentration of 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg L-1, were tested. The evaluation was carried out at 120 days. No rooting was observed in autumn and winter. The analysis of data from summer and spring showed higher rooting percentage in spring. The highest rooting percentage was obtained with IBA 3000 mg L-1 (19,17%). In the spring 2006 IBA (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg L-1) and ANA (1000, 2000, 3000 mg L-1) were tested. The highest rooting percentage (41,67%) was obtained with IBA 5000 mg L-1. In the in vitro cultivation, explantes obtained from trees were submitted to asepsis treatments with HgCl2, CaOCl2 and NaOCl and inoculated in Murashige & Skoog culture medium (MS) with 25%... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Oliveira, Adam Heron de. "Atividade antimicrobiana e imunológica in vitro dos extratos de Senna reticulata (Willd.) Irwin & Barneby (mata-pasto) E Vismia guianensis (Aubl.)(lacre) /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96232.
Full textBanca: Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
Banca: Eloir Paulo Schenkel
Banca: Taís Maria Bauab
Resumo: As espécies Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) (Clusiaceae) e Senna reticulata (Willd.) Irwin & Barneby (Caesalpiniaceae), conhecidas popularmente por lacre e mata-pasto, respectivamente, são encontradas na região amazônica, onde são utilizadas na medicina popular para o tratamento de diversas moléstias, principalmente infecções e dermatomicoses. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos e frações das referidas espécies vegetais, através da bioautografia e da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) pelo método de microdiluição. Foi avaliada também a atividade imunológica dos extratos hidroetanólicos das cascas do caule e das folhas de Senna reticulata e de Vismia guianensis através da produção e inibição de óxido nítrico por células peritoneais de camundongos. Todos os extratos apresentaram atividade inibitória frente às cepas padrão (ATCC) e clínicas dos fungos Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes e Microsporum canis. O extrato hidroalcoólico das cascas de V. guianensis apresentou melhor atividade antimicrobiana, com CIM de 62,5 μg/mL, de 125 μg/mL e de 500 μg/mL frente às cepas padrão de T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum e M. canis, respectivamente; CIM de 125 μg/mL para as cepas clínicas de T. rubrum e T. mentagrophytes e, de 15,63 μg/mL frente à cepa clínica de M. canis. O extrato hidroetanólico das cascas de V. guianensis também apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra todas as bactérias testadas, sendo as cepas de S. aureus, S. epidermidis e B. subtilis foram as mais sensíveis. As cepas de C. albicans foram resistentes aos extratos de ambas espécies vegetais. Através dos ensaios de atividade imunológica in vitro observou-se que na concentração de 50 μg/mL os extratos não apresentaram citotoxicidade e que apresentaram potencial atividade antiinflamatória
Abstract: The Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) (Clusiaceae) and Senna reticulata (Willd.) Irwin & Barneby (Caesalpiniaceae), popularly known as seal and obtusifolia, respectively, are found in the Amazon region, where they are used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases, especially infections and dermatomycoses. In this light, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of extracts and fractions of these plant species by bioautography and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by microdilution method. We also evaluate the immunological activity of the hydroethanolic from the stem bark and leaves of Senna reticulata and Vismia guianensis and production through the inhibition of nitric oxide by peritoneal cells of mice. All the extracts showed activity against the standard strains (ATCC) and clinical fungi Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis. The hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of V. guianensis showed better antimicrobial activity, with MIC of 62.5 μg/mL, 125 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL against the standard strains of T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and M. canis, respectively, MIC of 125 μg/mL for clinical strains of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes and of 15.63 μg/mL against the clinical strain of M. canis. The hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of V. guianensis also showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested, with strains of S. aureus, S. epidermidis and B. subtilis were the most sensitive. The strains of C. albicans were resistant to the extracts of both species. Through the in vitro testing of immune activity was observed that the concentration of 50 μg/mL extracts showed no cytotoxicity and showed potential anti-inflammatory activity
Mestre
Harnett, Siobhán Margaret. "In vitro anti-HIV activities of Sutherlandia frutescens and Lobostemon trigonum extracts." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/347.
Full textLiu, Iain Xiaojun. "A study of compounds having antibacterial activity isolated from Rubus pinfaensis levl. et vant." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385212.
Full textVITA, Gilmar Ferreira. "Efic?cia de plantas medicinais no controle de parasitos gastrintestinais de Gallus gallus: testes in vitro e in vivo." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2196.
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CAPES
The present study was developed from 2013 to 2016 in the Laboratory of Zoology of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro and the Department of Animal Parasitology of the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro. The objective was to test in vitro and in vivo the efficiency of the medicinal plants Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Mentha piperita Linnaeus, and Spigelia anthelmia Linnaeus, in phytotherapeutic and homeopathic forms, as an alternative way to control endoparasites of the Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758 (red junglefowl). Endoparasites are a serious problem that affects domestic bird rearing and development. They cause growth retardation, decrease in the food conversion index, increase in the susceptibility to infectious diseases, and culminate in death. The methodologies used were recommended by Coles et al. (1992), supported by the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP), reference to anthelmintic tests, and by Hubert and Kerboeuf (1992). The plants B. trimera and M. piperita showed moderate efficiency rate in in vitro tests, with maximum values of 80.00%, and low efficiency rate in in vivo test, with maximum values of 9.31%. The plants E. globulus and S. anthelmia, showed high efficiency rate in in vitro and in vivo tests, with values above 80.00%. The present study recorded the presence of the genera Ascaridia, Capillaria, and Heterakis. The plants sometimes showed indices above the traditional product used (Febendazol).
A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Laborat?rio de Zoologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro e Setor de Parasitologia Animal da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, estado do Rio de Janeiro, no per?odo de 2013 a 2016. O objetivo foi testar in vitro e in vivo a efic?cia das plantas medicinais Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Mentha piperita Linnaeus e Spigelia anthelmia Linnaeus, nas formas fitoter?pica e homeop?tica, como meios alternativos para o controle de endoparasitos de Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758 (Galinha Caipira), um s?rio problema que afeta a cria??o e desempenho de aves dom?sticas, ocasionando morte quando muito intenso, retardo de crescimento, redu??o de ?ndice de convers?o alimentar e aumento na suscetibilidade ?s doen?as infecciosas. As metodologias utilizadas foram preconizadas por Coles et al. (1992), creditada pela World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP), organiza??o refer?ncia para testes anti-helm?nticos, e Hubert e Kerboeuf (1992). Para as plantas B. trimera e M. piperita, os ensaios in vitro demonstraram moderada taxa de efic?cia com valores m?ximos de 80,00%, e o ensaio in vivo, baixa taxa de efic?cia, com valores m?ximos de 9,31%. Para E. globulus e S. anthelmia, os ensaios in vitro e in vivo demonstraram alta taxa de efic?cia, com valores acima de 80,00%. A pesquisa evidenciou a presen?a dos g?neros Ascaridia, Capillaria e Heterakis. As plantas demonstraram em certos momentos ?ndices superiores ao produto tradicional utilizado (Febendazol).
Adegborioye, Abiodun. "In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of olea europaea subsp. africana and euryops brevipapposus used by Cala community folkloric medicine for the management of infections associated with chronic non-communicable diseases." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4869.
Full textHutton, Kimberly. "A Comparative Study of the Plants Used for Medicinal Purposes by the Creek and Seminoles Tribes." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1665.
Full textBapela, Mahwahwatse Johanna. "Nmr-based metabolomic study of medicinal plants used against malaria and the isolation of bioactive alkaloids." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53513.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Plant Science
PhD
Unrestricted
Berla, Sandra Maria Carvalhal. "Atividade inibitória in vitro de extratos de Arrabidaea chica (Verlot.) sobre Candida albicans." Universidade de Taubaté, 2008. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=508.
Full textThere is a great interest in substances that have inhibitory action on yeasts of the genus Candida. Several plants, used in popular medicine, have been studied for this purpose. This aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro the inhibitory activity of Arrabidaea chica (Verlot.) extracts, known in Rondônia (Brazil) as crajirú, against Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts, autoclaved and filtered was assessed, using the technique of agar dilution. Twenty-five strains of C. albicans were studied. The crude extracts were submitted to a Fine Chromatography Analysis (FCA). The hydroalcoholic extract presented seven compounds and the aqueous autoclaved extract two. Hydroalcoholic extracts inhibited all strains of C. albicans in the concentration of 20%. The aqueous filtered extract not showed inhibitory effect until 50%. The aqueous autoclaved extract, in the concentration of 30%, inhibited 84% of the strains. Hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts showed activity against C. albicans. The hydroalcoholic extract presented superior performance in a lower concentration and had a greater number of compounds.
Shauli, Mathulo Mathabiso. "Histopathology induced by a medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa that has shown in vitro anti-microbial activity against drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3990.
Full textOliveira, Adam Heron de [UNESP]. "Atividade antimicrobiana e imunológica in vitro dos extratos de Senna reticulata (Willd.) Irwin & Barneby (mata-pasto) E Vismia guianensis (Aubl.)(lacre)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96232.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
As espécies Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) (Clusiaceae) e Senna reticulata (Willd.) Irwin & Barneby (Caesalpiniaceae), conhecidas popularmente por lacre e mata-pasto, respectivamente, são encontradas na região amazônica, onde são utilizadas na medicina popular para o tratamento de diversas moléstias, principalmente infecções e dermatomicoses. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos e frações das referidas espécies vegetais, através da bioautografia e da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) pelo método de microdiluição. Foi avaliada também a atividade imunológica dos extratos hidroetanólicos das cascas do caule e das folhas de Senna reticulata e de Vismia guianensis através da produção e inibição de óxido nítrico por células peritoneais de camundongos. Todos os extratos apresentaram atividade inibitória frente às cepas padrão (ATCC) e clínicas dos fungos Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes e Microsporum canis. O extrato hidroalcoólico das cascas de V. guianensis apresentou melhor atividade antimicrobiana, com CIM de 62,5 μg/mL, de 125 μg/mL e de 500 μg/mL frente às cepas padrão de T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum e M. canis, respectivamente; CIM de 125 μg/mL para as cepas clínicas de T. rubrum e T. mentagrophytes e, de 15,63 μg/mL frente à cepa clínica de M. canis. O extrato hidroetanólico das cascas de V. guianensis também apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra todas as bactérias testadas, sendo as cepas de S. aureus, S. epidermidis e B. subtilis foram as mais sensíveis. As cepas de C. albicans foram resistentes aos extratos de ambas espécies vegetais. Através dos ensaios de atividade imunológica in vitro observou-se que na concentração de 50 μg/mL os extratos não apresentaram citotoxicidade e que apresentaram potencial atividade antiinflamatória
The Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) (Clusiaceae) and Senna reticulata (Willd.) Irwin & Barneby (Caesalpiniaceae), popularly known as seal and obtusifolia, respectively, are found in the Amazon region, where they are used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases, especially infections and dermatomycoses. In this light, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of extracts and fractions of these plant species by bioautography and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by microdilution method. We also evaluate the immunological activity of the hydroethanolic from the stem bark and leaves of Senna reticulata and Vismia guianensis and production through the inhibition of nitric oxide by peritoneal cells of mice. All the extracts showed activity against the standard strains (ATCC) and clinical fungi Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis. The hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of V. guianensis showed better antimicrobial activity, with MIC of 62.5 μg/mL, 125 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL against the standard strains of T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and M. canis, respectively, MIC of 125 μg/mL for clinical strains of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes and of 15.63 μg/mL against the clinical strain of M. canis. The hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of V. guianensis also showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested, with strains of S. aureus, S. epidermidis and B. subtilis were the most sensitive. The strains of C. albicans were resistant to the extracts of both species. Through the in vitro testing of immune activity was observed that the concentration of 50 μg/mL extracts showed no cytotoxicity and showed potential anti-inflammatory activity
Fogolari, Hoilson. "Potencial de extratos à base de Calendula officinalis L. na indução de resistência e no efeito fungistático sobre Botrytis cinerea, in vitro." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2010. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/252.
Full textSeveral studies have demonstrated the potential of medicinal plants in the pathogens control, through its direct fungistatic action or its ability to induce plant defense, it suggesting the presence of molecules with characteristics elicitors. Three experiments were carried out on 2009 and 2010, in the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos city (PR – Brazil). The aim of this work was to evaluate prepared caledula (Calendula officinalis L.) potential for phytoalexins induction in the soybean cotyledons, resistance induction in the strawberry fruits and fungistatic effect of Botrytis cinerea in vitro. The experimental design was completely randomized with 15 treatments resulting from the combination of three forms of extraction (alcohol extract, infusion and maceration) and five concentrations (zero, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10%), with zero concentration distilled water in a factorial (3 x 5) with four replications the distilled water was used as control. The first experiment evaluated the potential fungistatic preparations in the B. cinerea control. The preparations with the different concentrations were put in Petri dishes with BDA culture media. After the media solidification, a hole of 8 mm was punched in the dishes Petri center and in this hole was introduced 2μL of spore B. cinerea suspension. The Petri dishes were kept in growth chamber for 7 days at 25°C. In the seventh day, the halo diameter fungus growth was evaluated. The second experiment evaluated the phytoalexins induction in the soybean cotyledons soybean as result of C. officinalis derivatives. Soybean seeds were sown in sterilized sand and it were kept at room temperature during 10 days. Then, the seedlings cotyledons were removed and on the abaxial part it was applied the treatments. After methodological procedures of extraction technique, it was obtained the phytoalexins glyceolin quantification by for spectrophotometry. The third study evaluated the C. officinalis solutions effect on the strawberry fruits physic-chemical and biochemical characteristics. The fruits were packed in plastic trays and it sprayed with different treatments. After six hours of the treatments spraying, it was sprayed a solution containing about 10-4 spore of B. cinerea fungus. After 3 days, it was realized the evaluations. The mass loss, rots incidence, titratable acidity, flesh firmness, total soluble solids, totals sugars, anthocyanins, flavonoids and activity of phenylalanine-amonialiase (PAL) were evaluated. The results showed that the maceration with all over the concentrations used, it inhibited of the B. cinerea fungus in vitro growth. Concentrations higher that 2.5%, presented total inhibition ability. Treatment with infusion using the highest concentration (10%) also showed positive response for B. cinerea growth inhibiting. The C. officinalis solutions presented induction capacity of the phytoalexins glyceolin in soybean cotyledons. It was observed that the solutions applied during the strawberry postharvest didn’t influence in the physico-chemical characteristics (mass loss, rots incidence, titratable acidity, flesh firmness and total soluble solids). In the biochemical analyzes for totals sugars and anthocyanins wasn’t observed statistical difference among the treatments. The alcoholic extract all over the concentrations and the infusion with concentrations higher than 5% stimulated the flavonoids productions. The PAL enzyme activity was stimulated by the application of extracts.
Cheung, Hoi-yan, and 張凱恩. "The study of Chinese herbal medicinal compound on implantation : in vitro spheroid-endometrium co-culture." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196547.
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Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
Valmorbida, Janice 1968. "Propagação da espécie Trichilia catigua A. Juss (Catiguá) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103248.
Full textBanca: João Domingos Rodrigues
Banca: Giuseppina Pace P. Lima
Banca: Marcos Roberto Furlan
Banca: Antonio Natal Gonçalves
Resumo: Pertencente à família Meliaceae, a espécie Trichilia catigua A. Juss é conhecida popularmente como catigua, cataguá, argelim-rosa e mangalto-catingam. Sua casca apresenta propriedades adstringente, inseticida, purgativa, tônica, bactericida, antiinflamatória e antidepressiva. Com o objetivo de propagar a espécie T. catigua foram desenvolvidos experimentos testando o enraizamento de estacas e a micropropagação com explantes de matrizes e sementes. Os experimentos de enraizamento de estacas foram realizados na primavera 2004, verão 2004/2005, outono, inverno e primavera 2005 e primavera 2006. Em todos os experimentos, estacas com aproximadamente 15 cm de comprimento foram coletadas de árvores adultas e preparadas da parte apical e mediana dos ramos. A seguir, foram submetidas aos reguladores vegetais IBA (ácido indolbutírico), NAA (ácido naftalenoacético) e IAA (ácido 3-indolacético), variando as dosagens. Para a avaliação dos experimentos determinou-se a percentagem de estacas enraizadas, não enraizadas e mortas e quando enraizadas, seu comprimento e diâmetro. No experimento primavera de 2004 foram testadas as concentrações de 1000 e 2000 mg L-1 dos reguladores vegetais IBA, NAA e IAA. As avaliações aos 90 dias após sua instalação revelaram maiores percentagens de enraizamento e iguais a 33,33, 25,00, 22,91 e 23,43 % para estacas submetidas a IBA 1000, 2000 mg L-1 e NAA 1000 e 2000 mg L-1, respectivamente. No verão 2004/2005, outono, inverno e primavera 2005 os experimentos foram conduzidos com as concentrações dos reguladores IBA, NAA e IAA iguais a 1000, 2000 e 3000 mg L-1 e as avaliações foram realizadas após 120 dias. Não houve enraizamento no outono e inverno. A análise conjunta dos resultados obtidos na primavera e no verão mostrou percentagem de enraizamento superior na primavera. A maior percentagem de enraizamento, igual a 19,17%... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Trichilia catigua A. Juss from the Meliaceae family is popularly known as catigua, cataguá, argelim-rose and mangalto-catingam. Its bark has astringent, insecticide, purgativa, tonic, bactericide, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant properties. With the aim of propagate T. catigua, experiments of rooting with stem cuttings and of micropropagation with explants of trees and seeds were carried out. In all the rooting experiments the stem cuttings with approximately 15 cm of length were collected from adult trees and prepared from the apical and intermediate parts. The cuttings were immersed in the vegetable regulators IBA (Indole-3- butyric acid), ANA (Naphthalene acetic acid) and IAA (Indole-3 acetic acid). The rooted stem cutting and not rooted stem cutting percentage and, when rooted, the length and diameter of roots, were evaluated. In the experiment spring 2004 the concentrations of 1000 and 2000 mg L-1 of IBA, ANA and IAA were tested, with evaluations 90 days after installation. The highest rooting percentage were 33,33, 25,00, 22,91 and 23,43% for IBA 1000, 2000 mg L-1 and ANA 1000 and 2000 mg L-1, respectively. In the summer of 2004/2005, autumn, winter and spring of 2005 IBA, ANA and AIA, with concentration of 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg L-1, were tested. The evaluation was carried out at 120 days. No rooting was observed in autumn and winter. The analysis of data from summer and spring showed higher rooting percentage in spring. The highest rooting percentage was obtained with IBA 3000 mg L-1 (19,17%). In the spring 2006 IBA (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg L-1) and ANA (1000, 2000, 3000 mg L-1) were tested. The highest rooting percentage (41,67%) was obtained with IBA 5000 mg L-1. In the in vitro cultivation, explantes obtained from trees were submitted to asepsis treatments with HgCl2, CaOCl2 and NaOCl and inoculated in Murashige & Skoog culture medium (MS) with 25%... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Colling, Janine. "Towards understanding the metabolism of in vitro Sutherlandia frutescens (L.)R.Br. cultures." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4601.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. Br., also regarded as Lessertia frutescens, is a leguminous, perennial shrub indigenous to South Africa. Extracts prepared from the leaves have traditionally been used for the treatment of various diseases. Reports have also indicated that S. frutescens provides certain health benefits to cancer and HIV/AIDS patients. Analysis of extracts indicated the presence of several compounds (bitter triterpenoid glycosides, several flavonoids, amino acids, small amounts of saponins (no alkaloids though), asparagine, Larginine, canavanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and pinitol) which contribute to the medicinal properties of this plant. The first part of this study involved testing the effect of six treatments (light, dark, soaking of seeds, physical scarification, chemical scarification and flaming of seeds) on the in vitro germination of Sutherlandia seeds to elucidate the factors which control seed germination. Those treatments which removed the seed coat were most successful for germination with physical scarification being the most efficient method, resulting in 98.6% of the seeds germinating after 21 days. Although the organogenesis of Sutherlandia explants (cotyledons and hypocotyls) in vitro were investigated (results not included in this thesis), omitting plant growth regulators (PGR) in the cultivation medium was best for shoot multiplication. However, this PGR-free system successfully provided a continuous supply of plant material for further studies. It would be possible to successfully adopt it for commercial production of plants to assist with cultivation of Sutherlandia as a field crop. Another advantage of this system is spontaneous rooting with 85% of the in vitro microshoots rooting in PGR-free medium. These rooted plants were acclimated in the glasshouse using vented lids to harden off the shoots and this method resulted in 100% survival of plants. The second part of this study investigated the induction of hairy root cultures of S. frutescens using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The efficiency of three Agrobacterium strains (A4T, LBA9402 and C58C1) to transform different S. frutescens explants (cotyledons and hypocotyls) was analyzed. All three strains were equally efficient at inducing hairy roots in both hypocotyls and cotyledons. However, transformation of S. frutescens was dependent on the type of explant used with the hypocotyls being more efficiently transformed than the cotyledons. Overall the transformation of both the hypocotyl (93%) and cotyledon (47%) was highest when the strain A4T was used. Four hairy root clones were selected and their cultivation in a liquid system was optimized by investigating their growth in four different types of media (Gamborg B5 (Gamborg et al., 1968), White’s (White, 1934; White, 1954), MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) and half strength MS medium). All the growth of hairy root clones was best in the B5 and MS medium, with White’s medium being the least effective cultivation medium. Molecular analysis of hairy roots was used to prove the transgenic status of these four putative transgenic clones. This was achieved using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of rol A (320 bp), B (780 bp) and C (600 bp) genes to determine the presence of the TL-DNA in the plant genome. During Southern hybridization a radioactively labeled rol A probe was used to determine the copy number of the rol A gene. The three rol genes were present in all four hairy root clones. The third part of this study focused on the effect of three abiotic stress factors (nitrogen availability, salinity and drought) on the synthesis of four metabolites (gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), asparagine, arginine and canavanine). The effect of nitrogen availability on metabolite synthesis and the morphology was determined using in vitro shoot cultures as well as the hairy root clone C58C1-g. Nitrogen availability studies were conducted by cultivating the microshoots or root tips on modified MS medium. The MS medium contained either the normal amount of nitrogen (1.9 g L-1 KNO3 and 1.65 g L-1 NH4NO3) in the MS medium (1x nitrogen), half the normal nitrogen concentration in MS medium (0.5x nitrogen) or twice the normal nitrogen concentration in MS medium (2x nitrogen). The arginine and asparagine levels in the roots and shoots and the canavanine level in the shoots were directly correlated with the amount of nitrogen in the medium (as the nitrogen level increased, the metabolite levels increased). The GABA level in the shoots was inversely correlated with the amount of nitrogen in the medium. Several reasons may explain these metabolic changes including the assimilation of extra nitrogen into asparagine, canavanine and arginine in the shoots. The reduced GABA levels may indicate the preferential flux of the free GABA into other nitrogen assimilatory pathways such as protein synthesis as well as its rapid utilization to replenish the tricarboxilic acid cycle intermediates. The effect of water (induced by including 3% (w/v) PEG in the medium) and salt stress (induced by including either 50 or 100 mM NaCl in the medium) was only investigated in the shoot cultures as the root cultures lacked the synthesis of canavanine. Water stress did not significantly alter the metabolite levels, but resulted in a significant decrease in the growth (fresh weight and total shoot length) and the rooting response of these microshoots. Salt stress only resulted in a significant increase in arginine levels with increasing salinity and also caused a reduction in the rooting and growth response. Lowered plant vigour may be the first visual sign of water stress. Addition of NaCl may lead to ion toxicity and requires osmotic adjustment resulting in changes at the metabolic level concomitant to physiological growth changes. Finally, the anti-bacterial activity and the phytochemistry of transgenic root cultures and untransformed in vitro and ex vitro plant material was examined. Only the extracts prepared from the wild harvested leaf material exhibited moderate anti-bacterial activity (1.25 mg ml-1) against all the bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) tested. Changes to the secondary metabolism of hairy roots were investigated using TLC and LC-MS analysis. Several of the compounds in the hairy root extracts were present in higher levels than in the control root extracts. Transformation also increased the complexity of the phytochemical pattern of the hairy roots, either due the synthesis of novel compounds or upregulated synthesis of existing metabolic pathways. The production of hairy roots and the establishment in a liquid system during this study was an important step towards upscaling these cultures to a bioreactor. In future these roots can assist in developing cultures which produce a high yield of the desired metabolites.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. Br., ook bekend as Lessertia frutescens is ‘n peulagtige meerjarige struik, inheems tot Suid Afrika. Ekstrakte wat van die blare voorberei word, is tradisioneel gebruik vir die behandeling van verskeie siektes. Berigte het ook daarop gedui, dat S. frutescens sekere gesondheidsvoordele vir kanker en HIV/VIGS pasiënte inhou. ‘n Ontleding van die ekstrakte, dui op die teenwoordigheid van verskeie verbindings (bitter triterpenoïed glikosiede, verskeie flavonoïede, aminosure, klein hoeveelhede saponiene (alhoewel geen alkaloïede), asparagien, L-arginien, canavanien, gamma-aminobottersuur (GABS) en pinitol) wat tot die medisinale eienskappe van hierdie plant bydrae. Die eerste deel van die studie het die effek van ses behandelings (lig, donker, week van sade, fisiese skarifikasie, chemiese skarifikasie en die vlam van sade) op die in vitro ontkieming van Sutherlandia sade getoets met die doel om die faktore wat saadontkieming beheer, te identifiseer. Die beste behandeling vir saadontkieming was dié behandelings wat die saadhuid verwyder het. Die mees effektiewe metode van saadhuidverwydering was die fisiese skarifikasie van sade, wat gelei het tot ‘n 98.6% ontkieming van sade na 21 dae. Alhoewel in vitro organogenese van Sutherlandia eksplante (kotiel en hipokotiel) ondersoek was (resultate nie ingesluit in die tesis nie), was plant groei reguleerders (PGR) uitgesluit in die groeimedium om stingelvermeerdering te bevorder. Nie te min was die PGR-vrye sisteem suksesvol om ‘n voortdurende bron van plant material vir verder studies te verskaf. Dit sou egter moontlik wees om die PGR-vrye sisteem suksesvol te kon aanpas vir die kommersiële produksie van plante met die doel om Sutherlandia as ‘n landbougewas te bevorder. ‘n Verdere voordeel van dié sisteem, is die spontane wortelvorming, met 85% van die in vitro mikrostingels wat wortels in die PGR-vrye medium produseer het. Hierdie bewortelde plante was in die glashuis geakklimatiseer met behulp van geventileerde deksels (vir stingel afharding) en het tot ‘n 100% oorlewing gelei. Die tweede deel van die studie het die induksie van S. frutescens harige wortelkulture met behulp van Agrobacterium-bemiddelde transformasie ondersoek. Die effektiwiteit van drie Agrobacterium stamme (A4T, C58C1 en LBA9402) om verskillende S. frutescens eksplante (kotiel en hipokotiele) te transformeer, was geanaliseer. Al drie stamme was ewe effektief om harige wortels op beide hipokotiel en kotiele te induseer. S. frutescens transformasie blyk egter tog van die tipe eksplant afhanklik te wees, aangesien die hipokotiele meer effektief as die kotiele getransformeer kon word. Met inagneming van beide die hipokotiel (93%) en kotiel vii (47%), was transformasie optimaal met die gebruik van die A4T stam. Vier harige wortelklone was geselekteer en hulle produksie in ‘n vloeibare sisteem was geoptimiseer deur hulle groei in vier verskillende tipe media (Gamborg B5 (Gamborg et al., 1968), White’s (White, 1934; White, 1954), MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) en half-sterkte MS medium) te ondersoek. B5 en MS medium was beskou as die beste vir alle die harige wortelklone se groei, terwyl White’s medium die minste doeltreffende groeimedium was. Molekulêre analise van die harige wortels was gebruik ten einde die transgeniese status van die vier vermoedelike transgeniese klone te bewys. Dit was behaal deur polimerase kettingreaksie amplifisering (PKR) van die rol A, B en C gene ten einde die teenwoordigheid van die TL-DNS in die plant genoom aan te toon. Tydens Southern hibridisasie was ‘n radioaktief gemerkte peiler gebruik om die aantal rol A geen kopieë te bepaal. Die drie rol gene was teenwoordig in al vier harige wortelklone. Die derde deel van die studie het gefokus op die effek van drie abiotiese stress faktore (stikstof beskikbaarheid, sout- en droogte stres) op die produksie van vier metaboliete (GABS, asparagien, canavanien en arginien). Die effek van stikstof beskikbaarheid op die metaboliet produksie asook die morfologie was bestudeer deur gebruik te maak van in vitro mikrostingels asook die harige wortel kloon C58C1-g. Stikstof beskikbaarheidstudies was uitgevoer deur die mikrostingels of wortelpunte in ‘n gewysigde MS medium te groei. Die MS medium was aangepas om die normale hoeveelheid stikstof (1.9 g L-1 KNO3 en 1.65 g L-1 NH4NO3) in MS medium (1x stikstof), of die helfte van die normale stikstof konsentrasie (0.5x stikstof) of twee keer die normale stikstof konsentrasie in MS medium (2x stikstof) te bevat. Die arginien en asparagien vlakke in die wortels en stingels, asook die canavanien vlak in die stingels was positief gekorreleerd aan die stikstof konsentrasie in die medium. Die GABS vlak in die stingels was egter omgekeerd eweredig aan die stikstof konsentrasie in die medium. Verskeie redes kan aangevoer word om die metaboliet veranderinge te verduidelik, insluitende die assimilasie van addisionele stikstof in asparagien, canavanien en arginien in die stingels. Die verlaagde GABS vlakke kan dui op die voorkeur van vrye GABS vloei na ander stikstofassimilerende metaboliese paaie soos proteïen sintese, asook die snelle benutting van GABS ten einde die Trikarboksielsuursiklus intermediêre produkte aan te vul. Die effek van droogte (geïnduseer deur die byvoeging van 3% (m/v) PEG tot die medium) en sout stres (geïnduseer deur 50 of 100 mM NaCl byvoeging tot die medium) was slegs in die stingel kulture ondersoek weens die afwesigheid van canavanien produksie in die wortel kulture. Water stres het nie ‘n betekenisvolle verandering in die metaboliet vlakke meegebring nie, maar dit het wel tot ‘n beduidende afname in groei (vars massa en totale stingel lengte) en bewortelingsreaksie in die mikrostingels gelei. Sout stres het slegs tot ‘n betekenisvolle viii toename in arginien vlakke asook ‘n afname in die wortelvorming en groeireaksie tydens die toenemende sout vlakke gelei. ‘n Verlaging in plant groeikragtigheid mag ‘n eerste visuele teken van water stres wees. Die toevoeging van NaCl tot die medium kan tot ioontoksisiteit lei en plante reageer deur middel van osmotiese aanpassing wat tot veranderinge in die metaboliet vlakke asook veranderinge in fisiologiese groei, lei. Die finale deel van die studie het die anti-bakteriële aktiwiteit en die fitochemie van die transgeniese wortel kulture asook die ongetransformeerde in vitro en ex vitro plant materiaal ondersoek. Slegs die ekstrakte verkry vanaf blaar materiaal geoes uit die natuur, het matige anti-bakteriële aktiwiteit (1.25 mg ml-1) teen al die bakterië (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis en Staphylococcus aureus) wat ondersoek is, getoon. Aanpassings in die sekondêre metabolisme van die harige wortels is deur middel van dunlaag chromatografie (DLC) en vloeibare chromatografie-massa spektroskopiese (VC-MS) analise ondersoek. Verskeie verbindings was in hoër vlakke in die harige wortels teenwoordig, as in die kontrole wortel ekstrakte. Transformasie het ook die kompleksiteit van die harige wortels se fitochemiese patroon verhoog, moontlik weens die produksie van nuwe verbindings of weens die opregulasie van bestaande metaboliese paaie. Die produksie van harige wortels en die vestiging daarvan in ‘n vloeibare sisteem tydens hierdie studie word beskou as ‘n belangrike stap na die opskalering van die kulture na bioreaktore. Hierdie wortels kan toekomstig tot die ontwikkeling van kulture met ‘n hoë produksie van gewenste metaboliete lei.
Hopkins, Allison L., John Richard Stepp, Christopher McCarty, and Judith S. Gordon. "Herbal remedy knowledge acquisition and transmission among the Yucatec Maya in Tabi, Mexico: a cross-sectional study." BioMed Central, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621265.
Full textBackground: Ethnobotanical knowledge continues to be important for treating illness in many rural communities, despite access to health care clinics and pharmaceuticals. However, access to health care clinics and other modern services can have an impact on the distribution of medical ethnobotanical knowledge. Many factors have been shown to be associated with distributions in this type of knowledge. The goal of the sub-analyses reported in this paper was to better understand the relationship between herbal remedy knowledge, and two such factors, age and social network position, among the Yucatec Maya in Tabi, Yucatan. Methods: The sample consisted of 116 Yucatec Maya adults. Cultural consensus analysis was used to measure variation in herbal remedy knowledge using competence scores, which is a measure of participant agreement within a domain. Social network analysis was used to measure individual position within a network using in-degree scores, based on the number of people who asked an individual about herbal remedies. Surveys were used to capture relevant personal attributes, including age. Results: Analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between age and the herbal medicine competence score for individuals 45 and under, and no relationship for individuals over 45. There was an insignificant relationship between in-degree and competence scores for individuals 50 and under and a significant positive correlation for those over 50. Conclusions: There are two possible mechanisms that could account for the differences between cohorts: 1) knowledge accumulation over time; and/or 2) the stunting of knowledge acquisition through delayed acquisition, competing treatment options, and changes in values. Primary ethnographic evidence suggests that both mechanisms may be at play in Tabi. Future studies using longitudinal or cross-site comparisons are necessary to determine the whether and how the second mechanism is influencing the different cohorts.