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1
McDonald, Glenda Camille. "Concepts and treatments of phrenitis in ancient medicine." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1760.
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The goal of this dissertation is to investigate ancient medical concepts of phrenitis, a disease associated with high fevers and loss of reason. In particular, my dissertation examines the concepts of, and treatments for phrenitis that were put forth by the Pneumatist Aretaeus of Cappadocia (1st century AD), Galen (2nd century AD), and the Methodist Caelius Aurelianus (5th century AD). These physicians are relatively contemporary in their opinions (insofar as Caelius represents the opinions of the 1 st/2nd century AD Methodist author Soranus), and represent three different theoretical frameworks and approaches to disease. In order to provide a relevant background to the opinions of these physicians, this dissertation includes a review of concepts of phrenitis presented in a number of earlier works, including the Hippocratic Corpus, and the extant fragments of the 4th century Be physicians Diocles and Praxagoras. Together, these works constituted a tradition with which Aretaeus and Galen closely associated themselves, and against which Caelius aggressively polemicised.
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Veiga, Paula. "Health and Medicine in ancient Egypt; magic and science." Thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71526.
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Health was a constant concern in life and even the deceased needed extra care so they can be at their prime when closed in the sarcophagus, in the possession of magical ‘weapons’ so that, when they would reach the Afterlife, they would be in the complete possession of all their physical abilities. Medicine in ancient Egypt was trying to restrain all malefic beings from action and to preserve the well-being of the individual. Thus the initial statement that magic and science were one and only, a sole concept, represented by heka. Through this work, all descriptions and conceptions observed in the existing legacy of ancient Egypt will lead to conclusions that attest this unique duality, if we can name it.
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Roth, Adam David. "Reciprocal influences between rhetoric and medicine in ancient Greece." Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3.
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Marguerite, Heery. "Hippocrates' Medicine through the lens of a modern physician." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29812.
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Hippocrates of Cos, the fifth century BC physician, was famous in antiquity and his name continues to be recognised today in both academe and the wider world. It is the purpose of the study to examine the reason for this continuing fame.
The Hippocratic Corpus is the earliest body of work on the principles and practice of medicine available to us. An examination of this reveals that its authors were responsible for promulgating three innovative concepts of the body. These are the autonomy of the body; various theories of how the body functioned; and the ethical principles governing the relationship of the doctor and his patient.
Following an introduction, the first three chapters examine the evidence for these concepts. The fourth chapter considers the possible transmission of such concepts over time by the analysis of the medical response to two historic plagues, one in antiquity and one today. Analysis confirms that the concept of the autonomous body was lost after antiquity but regained in the modern era; that the only theory of body function to survive was that of the humours; and that the ethics of the relationship between doctor and patient is likely to be part of a universal response to the complexity of the roles of healer and patient that exists in both health and disease in any society. The fifth chapter is an evaluation of Hippocratic legacy to us today. It is concluded that Hippocrates name, if not his medicine, will continue to have public recognition.
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Sapsford, M. "The use of sodium salt deposits in medical and medically associated industries in Ancient Egypt." Thesis, Department of Applied Science, Security and Resilience, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4009.
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The utilisation of minerals in Ancient Egyptian medicine from procurement
through to use is examined here in a case study investigating the role of sodium
salts. The sodium salts, salt and natron are two of the three most commonly
used minerals in the Egyptian pharmacopeia. The results of the project are
important to medical historians and archaeomineralogists alike in that they
formulate a systematic understanding of the way in which minerals were used in
medical and medically associated industries.
Key sources of salt and natron were examined and the Wadi Natrun was
identified as the probable main site of natrun exploitation. A comprehensive
study conducted of this area involved examining sources of a historical
geographical nature and analysis of mineralogical samples gathered from
fieldwork in the Wadi Natrun.
From the source of exploitation, natron and salt were sold to the Egyptians to be
used in a number of everyday industries as well as for their use in medical and
medically associated industries. Salt and natron were found to be used for their
astringent and cleansing qualities, and are still being used in traditional medical
formulations. Prescription replication showed that these substances worked
effectively. Additional research into medically associated industries showed
commonality between sodium salts use between all three industries
investigated.
The results of this research shows that a comprehensive study of the use of
minerals in medicine could be established. Primary sites of exploitation of both
salt and natron were identified, and minerals from theses sites were categorised
and identified. The results showed that the chemical nature of these deposits
had changed in the last 2000 years. The results also demonstrate reasons why the language surrounding the term natron needed to be revised. These results
have implications for both archaeology and the history of medicine.
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Buck, Peter Henry. "Medicine amongst the Maoris in ancient and modern times a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medicine (N.Z.) /." Wellington, N.Z. : New Zealand Electronic Text Centre, 2007. http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-CouNouv.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New Zealand, 1910."Abound" is the pseudonym of Sir Peter Buck. Photocopied material. Title from title screen (viewed on 19 June 2009). Creation of machine-readable version: Planman Technologies. Conversion to TEI.2-conformant markup: Planman Technologies. Creation of digital images: Planman Technologies. Originally published in print: University of New Zealand, 1910.
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Flemming, Rebecca Elizabeth. "Woman as an object of medical knowledge in the Roman Empire, from Celsus to Galen." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268302.
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Parys, Magalie. "Les symptômes mentaux en Mésopotamie ancienne." Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H003/document.
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La thèse recense les textes médicaux cunéiformes traitant les symptômes mentaux. Elle tente de les insérer dans une conception médicale globale et analyse les expressions employées ainsi que leurs occurrences dans les textesThe purpose of the dissertation is to gather medical texts with a mental symptomatology. The work introduces the Mesopotamian conception of medicine and analyses the expressions present in the texts
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Barnes, Madeline. "Rational and Temple Medicine in Ancient Greece: The Public Perception of the Two Forms." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/442.
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The thesis examines two of the most prominent forms of Ancient Greek medicine, rational and temple. These two forms put themselves in direct competition with each other and often tried to differentiate their form from the other. On the other hand the public often conflated these two types viewing them as one entity instead of two. The perception of Ancient Greeks was that the two forms were actually very similar and the temple practitioners and rational physicians were in many ways interchangeable.
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Zucconi, Laura M. "Can no physician be found? : the influence of religion on medical pluralism in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and Israel /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3175285.
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Techapinyawat, Rheana. "The Evolution of Opium and Anesthesia: From the Ancient Sumerians to 1800s." The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626597.
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Linden, David Edmund Johannes. "Medicine and morality in the ancient world : an analysis of Galen's medical and philosophical writings." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:986686c2-8397-43ae-9b61-44ffdf85770a.
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The great power of the medical profession over the lives of men entails a wealth of moral problems in medical practice and lends particular importance to questions of the responsibility of the physician. We investigate the solutions offered by Galen, the most prolific medical author of classical Antiquity, in his medical and philosophical writings. Issues of ethics and moral psychology are discussed in numerous passages of Galen's works, and he even devoted a number of treatises exclusively to ethics. The main results of our analysis of these treatises and passages can be summarized as follows. Starting with his interpretation of a prominent Hippocratic maxim, we discuss possible motivations for Galen's re-definition of the relationship between physician and patient. For Galen, it was the physician, not the patient, who led the fight against the disease. This prominent position of the Galenic physician entailed particular obligations and responsibilities. But Galen also took the view that certain responsibilities resided with the patient, particularly that of selecting the right physician and keeping the prescribed diets. Moreover Galen thought that everybody ought to pursue the systematic liberation of the soul from passions and errors, guided by his ethical methodology. Galen gave disciplined care for one's health and acquisition of medical knowledge the status of moral duties for every educated person. For physicians, he provided a wealth of additional principles and rules of conduct, covering areas as diverse as experimentation with drugs, surgical risks, promulgation of knowledge on poisons, remuneration and other social impacts of medicine, and medical education, all of them inspired by respect for the health of man, the animal who topped the teleological hierarchy of creation, and medicine, the art whose task it was to preserve and restore man's health. Galen held medicine in exceptionally high esteem, even by the standards of physicians. His view of medicine as the divine art kat 'exochen is considered in the context of his high valuation of human life and health. Health assumed a high rank in the hierarchy of goods, for it provided the basis for all the other goods and virtues. For Galen, preservation and restoration of health could be attained only on the basis of a sound scientific methodology. He was reluctant to apply criteria external to medicine proper to its practice, and mostly judged the morality of medical activities by the adherence to the principles of a well-founded therapy and avoidance of undue harm.
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Glasby, Michael A. "Wholeness and holiness : synergy or tension? : medicine, disease and the purity laws of Ancient Israel." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19519.
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The Book of Leviticus has been described as the ‘first hygiene text’ based upon the observation that Leviticus contains a great deal of matter relating to two conditions. The first is צרעת translated in the Septuagint as λέπρα and confused in English translations with modern leprosy. The second, זוב was misused as a generic term for a whole spectrum of genital discharges. Apart from these, Leviticus contains nothing of a ‘medical’ nature. The question arises, as to whether these terms implied any sort of medical context or whether their only significance was as markers of ritual impurity to the priesthood. In Chapter 1 this question is developed and an hypothesis arrived at. A hermeneutic and methodology for the study are introduced and discussed. Chapter 2 is a review of the state of developing ‘medical practice’ in the Ancient Near East. Chapter 3 is concerned with the ideology of the levitical priesthood and their worldview in particular in respect of the establishment and operation of practice of ritual. Chapter 4 treats on the Levitical notion of impurity considered from both taxonomical and sociological standpoints and these approaches are discussed in the context of the present study. Chapters 5 and 6 each contain a detailed ‘medical exegesis’ of chapters 13 and 15 of Leviticus dealing with צרעת and .זוב Chapter 7 contains a similar treatment of the biblical notion of blemish and addresses the question of whether this was a mark of impurity like צרעת and .זוב In Chapter 8 embodies idea of contagion in the context of the ‘hygienic’ theme in Leviticus and the priests’ concern with what might imperil sacred objects. Chapter 9 employs context logometrical analysis in a detailed study of the word צרעת and whether there was, in Ancient Israel, any relationship, adverse or synergic between the activities of the priests in preserving purity, and early healthcare practice. Chapter 10 is a discussion of how צרעת has been seen from a theological perspective. While the exact nature of צרעת remains unknown, its biblical context — levitical and non levitical — is considered in relation to modern theories of the relationship of the impurity laws, sin and the wholeness↔ healthcare dynamic. Chapter 11 is a presentation of the conclusions that may be drawn from this study in respect of the wholeness↔ holiness paradigm posited in the hypothesis. It is concluded that there is no clear evidence to suggest that the priesthood saw צרעת and זוב in any terms commensurate with modern pathology and clinical medicine. Consequently it would be wrong to suppose, as many authors have, that in the levitical context, countermeasures to these conditions, though diagnostic, were hygienic in the modern, medical, — they were not, nor were they ever envisaged to be. That some of these measures subsequently found a significant place in preventive medicine appears to have been both fortuitous and fortunate.
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Ozarowska, Lidia. "Healing sanctuaries : between science and religion." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b0cdbe4c-7d43-43a5-ab5f-a108707028f8.
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Divine healing has been often seen in opposition to human healing. The two spheres, have been considered as separate, both in space and in terms of elements involved. Asclepian sanctuaries have been mostly presented as domains of exclusively divine intervention, without any involvement of the human factor, possibly with the sole exception of dream interpretation. However, the written testimonies of temple cures, both those in the form of cure inscriptions dedicated in sanctuaries and the literary accounts of the incubation experience, give us reasons to suppose that the practical side of the functioning of the asklepieia could have assumed the involvement of human medicine, with the extent of this involvement differing in various epochs. Regardless of physicians' participation or its lack in the procedure, the methods applied in sanctuary healing appear to have evolved in parallel to the developments in medicine and their popular perception. Archaeological finds as well as the image of Asclepius as the god of medicine itself seem to confirm this. Nevertheless, by no means should these connections between the two spheres be treated as transforming the space of religious meaning into hospitals functioning under the auspices of a powerful god. Although acknowledging them does entail inclusion of human medicine within the space dedicated to Asclepius, it does not thereby deny the procedure of incubation its religious and metaphysical dimension. On the contrary, it shows that to the Greek mind divine and human healing were not mutually exclusive, but overlapped and coincided with each other, proving that the Greek sense of rationality was quite different from the modern and could comprise far more than what we call today "scientific thinking".
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Witts, Jennifer. "The role of magic and medicine in the lives of ancient Egyptian women and their children." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50522.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates the role that magic and medicine played in the lives of ancient Egyptian women and children. In a time when giving birth often ended in the death of the mother and child, and child mortality was extremely high, a variety of protective measures were undertaken by the ancient Egyptians. Medicine as the scientific treatment of ailments and women's health in general did exist in Egypt, however, life in Egypt was determined by religion and especially magic. The health of the ancient Egyptian woman and her child was studied by looking at the way in which magic influenced medicine, as well as by looking at how this connection between magic and medicine influenced the life and health of ancient Egyptian women and children. The research model followed was that of an interlinking society in which each aspect of Egyptian life had varying impacts on each other. The degree of impact of magic on aspects such as menstruation, conception and pregnancy was investigated, as well as, the magico-medical spells, amulets and other devices that were used to protect a woman and her baby. A catalogue of sources is given, including written and non-written sources. The first included the medical papyri and magical spells against evil forces and sickness. The second group were visual representations, divine statuettes, amulets and the specialized magical stelae (cippl) and "magical wands" ("Zaubermesser"). This thesis attempts to better understand how feminine issues such as menstruation, pregnancy, and giving birth were perceived and contended with, as well as to shed some light on the medical and magical treatment and protection of the women and children in ancient Egypt.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die rol wat magie en medisyne in die lewens van vrouens en kinders in antieke Egipte gespeel het. In 'n tyd toe die geboorte van 'n kind baie keer die dood van die ma en haar baba veroorsaak het, en kindersterftes uiters hoog was, het die antieke Egiptenare 'n verskeidenheid beskermingsmaatreëls gebruik. Medisyne as die wetenskaplike behandeling van siektes en vroulike gesondheidsorg het in Egipte bestaan, maar die lewe in Egipte was egter bepaal deur die godsdiens en veral die magie. Die gesondheid van die vroue en kinders van antieke Egipte is bestudeer deur te kyk hoe magie medisyne beïnvloed het, sowel as om te kyk hoe die verband tussen magie die medisyne die lewe en gesondheid van vroue en kinders in antieke Egipte bepaal het. Die navorsingsmodel wat gevolg is, is van 'n samelewing waarbinne elke aspek van die lewe in Egipte 'n impak op die ander het. Die graad van impak van magie op aspekte soos menstruasie, konsepsie en swangerskap is ondersoek, sowel as die "magies-mediese" spreuke, amulette en ander middels wat as beskerming vir die vrou en haar baba gebruik is. 'n Katalogus van bronne is ingesluit en sluit beide skriftelike en nie-skriftelike bronne in. Onder die eerste groep val mediese papiri en magiese tekste teen bose magte en siekte. Die tweede groep gee aandag aan visuele voorstellings, godebeeldjies, amulette en die gespesialiseerde magiese stelae (cippl) en "toorstaffies" ("Zaubermesser"). Hierdie tesis poog om beter te verstaan hoe vroulike sake soos menstruasie, swangerskap en geboorte gesien en hanteer is, sowel as om meer lig te werp op die mediese en magiese behandeling en beskerming van vrouens en hulle kinders in antieke Egipte.
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Abou-Aly, Amal Mohamed Abdullah. "The medical writings of Rufus of Ephesus." Thesis, Online version, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.246073.
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Fahey, Caitlin Jeanne. "Altogether Governed by Humors: The Four Ancient Temperaments in Shakespeare." Scholar Commons, 2008. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/230.
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Hippocrates, and later Galen, hypothesized that a person's character was influenced by a combination of four humors that governed the body: black bile, phlegm, yellow bile, and blood. Centuries later, the Elizabethans adopted these ideologies to their medical practices, and associated each humor with one of four temperaments: melancholy, phlegmatic, choleric, and sanguine. References to the four temperaments may be found embedded in a number of William Shakespeare's texts, most notably Hamlet, Henry IV, Part 1, Macbeth, and Twelfth Night. While many figures in Shakespeare embody many humoral traits, allowing for character development throughout the play, several characters possess a superfluity of one particular humor. As these characters motivate the action of each respective play, the play provides textual evidence that identifies the traits associated with each temperament.
Hamlet exemplifies the melancholy temperament, Sir John Falstaff the phlegmatic temperament, Lady Macbeth the choleric temperament, and Viola the sanguine temperament. The respective personalities of these characters are revealed not only by their actions in the plays but by numerous textual allusions to each humor. In examining these four characters, the reader may become familiar with the humor that each character represents, and, in turn, possess a greater knowledge of the driving forces behind many of Shakespeare's heroes, heroines, villains, and clowns. Moreover, these examinations may also shed light on the beliefs of early modern England and the beginning of character study and development.
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Passavanti, Sandro. "Délire et pathologie de la perception dans l’Antiquité classique : Littérature, philosophie, médecine." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP067.
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« Les Grecs et les Latins n’avaient pas fait du trouble de la raison une analyse assez profonde et détaillée pour penser à imposer une dénomination collective à un genre de ses symptômes, fussent-ils les plus remarquables de tous. Ceux dont il est ici question, les hallucinations, ils les avaient observés sans doute, ils les connaissaient. Mais ils ne les rassemblent pas sous une désignation générale ». Ceci était l’avis du médecin L.-F. Lélut (L’amulette de Pascal, 1846), un jugement qui reflète l’image que la science de son époque s’était faite de la réflexion des Anciens sur les pathologies de la perception dans le délire. À l’exclusion des recherches d’empreinte positiviste visant à retrouver les catégories psychiatriques dans certaines manifestations pathologiques dont nous avons trace dans les textes classiques, aucune étude générale n’a jamais été consacrée aux liens établis par les Anciens entre altérations cognitives et désordres morbides de la perception. Cette recherche se propose de combler cette lacune, en étudiant de manière systématique les textes anciens faisant état de cet ensemble d’expériences pathologiques, et ce sur la longue durée, depuis la physiologie présocratique jusqu’aux traités médicaux latins de l’Antiquité tardive. Après une introduction détaillant la méthodologie de recherche et le status quæstionis, le travail s’articule en trois parties. Dans la première, j’analyse les textes de la Collection hippocratique dans lesquels il est question d’altérations des facultés cognitives et sensorielles, retraçant le paradigme de compréhension de ces phénomènes propre aux médecins grecs des Ve-IVe siècles. Une comparaison avec les scènes de folie visionnaire du théâtre attique contemporain permet de faire ressortir la priorité chronologique et spéculative des représentations euripidéennes de la vision morbide comme phénomène trompeur, en opposition à l’image archaïque du visionnaire comme maître de vérité – un trait dont la médecine rationnelle saura aussitôt tirer profit à sa manière dans ses descriptions des syndromes hallucinatoires. La deuxième partie du travail retrace l’histoire de la réflexion philosophique antique sur les troubles de la perception depuis Alcméon jusqu’à Épictète, à travers le double prisme de la physiologie de la perception et de la gnoséologie. Refusant et distançant le modèle matérialiste des Présocratiques, Platon et Aristote articulent ouvertement le problème des perceptions altérées de la folie à la fois en termes de vérité/fausseté et de reconstruction physiologique, dans le but de repousser les objections relativistes des Sophistes. L’essor du débat hellénistique entre Stoïciens et Académiciens tire son origine d’une opposition semblable entre des conceptions dogmatiques reposant sur une ‘harmonie préétablie’ entre l’homme et les objets de sa connaissance et, d’autre part, les positions sceptiques de ceux qui n’admettent la distinction des sensations de l’homme sain de celle du fou. La substance de ce débat, qui ne s’épuise pas avant la fin de l’Académie platonicienne au Ier siècle av. J.-C., se prolongera dans le Stoïcisme d’époque romaine et sera accueillie de bon gré par la tradition médicale postérieure : dans la troisième partie de l’enquête, une attention spécifique est accordée aux textes de Celse, Arétée de Cappadoce, Asclépiade de Bithynie, Galien, Cælius Aurélien, où l’héritage philosophique hellénistique se greffe sur la tradition clinique et pharmacologique précédente, en donnant lieu à de nouvelles conceptions nosologiques qui serviront de point de départ incontournable à toute réflexion médicale postérieure sur les troubles sensoriels«The Greeks and Romans did not analyze the trouble of mind deeply enough to give a common denomination to a kind of its symptoms, as relevant as they may be. They surely observed and knew hallucinations, of which we are talking about. But they did not recollect them under a general definition». This was the opinion of the French physician L.-F. Lélut (L’amulette de Pascal, 1846), a statement which clearly reflects the opinion of scientists of his time about ancient analysis of psychopathological sensory alterations. Exception made for a positivistic interest, aiming at recognizing psychiatric categories in some pathological phenomena depicted in classical literature, no general study has ever been devoted to the relationship between cognitive alterations and pathological disorders of perception. This research intends to address such shortcoming through a long-term investigation of classical texts, by taking into account this cluster of pathological experiences, from Pre-Socratic physiology to the medical treatises of Late Antiquity. This work is structured in three sections: first, a methodological introduction and an analysis of the current state of art leads to an inquiry on Hippocratic texts about cognitive and sensory alterations (5th- 4th centuries BC). A comparison between medical literature and theatrical episodes of visionary madness reveals the chronological and speculative priority of Euripidean representations of morbid visions as deceptive phenomena, in opposition to the archaic image of the visionary as ‘master of truth’. The second part of the thesis focuses on the history of philosophical thought about troubles of perception, from Alcmæon to Epictetus, through the twofold lens of physiology of perception and epistemology. By refusing the Pre-Socratic materialistic model, Plato and Aristotle openly formulated the problem of distorted perceptions of madness in terms of truth and falsehood and physiological explicability, in order to push back sophistic and relativistic arguments. The development of Hellenistic Stoic/Academic debates originated from an analogous opposition between dogmatic conceptions – resting upon a ‘pre-established harmony’ between men and their objects of knowledge – and, on the other side, skeptical objections about the supposed indiscernibility of sane and mad perceptions. The core of this debate, which lasted until the end of the Platonic Academy in the 1st century BC, was perpetuated by the Middle Stoicism and then received by the subsequent medical tradition: in the third section, particular attention is devoted to the treatises written by Celsus, Aretæaus of Cappadocia, Asclepiades, Galen, Cælius Aurelianus, in which the Hellenistic philosophical heritage grafted on to the earlier clinical and pharmacological traditions. This turning point represents the very foundation of every medical consideration about sensory disorders until the end of Classical Antiquity
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Musgrove, Caroline Joanne. "Oribasius' woman : medicine, Christianity and society in Late Antiquity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270083.
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As a writer of medical summaries and compendia, Oribasius has often been dismissed as a harbinger of late antique medical decline. This dissertation challenges this long-lived assumption by revaluating the compiler and his writings, and the place of medicine in the cultural and social landscape of late antiquity. Chapter one examines the scholarly biases that surround Oribasius’ career, positing that his Medical Collections were produced in response to the intellectual priorities of the Emperor Julian’s scholarly circle. Moreover, both the medical art and the physician were highly regarded in the fourth century, as chapter two demonstrates. Not only do the Collections reflect the priorities and order of empire, but the idea of the medical encounter granted both emperor and bishop a symbolic language with which to pose and articulate social questions in this period. Chapters three and four outline the ways Oribasius engaged with the medical realities of his day, by retaining in his compilation a sense of personal experience and patient interaction. In his borrowed case histories, female subservience in the face of medical authority is expected; whilst the hierarchy of the elite household is shown to dictate his approach to the patients within it. A messier reality of female agency in their own physical and spiritual care is better captured by Christian writers in the miracle account and sermon, in part because Christians like the Cappadocians and John Chrysostom imbued female choice with new theological meaning. Chapter five sets Oribasius’ approach to the female patient in the broader context of late antique social shifts. The compiler’s careful delineation of responsibility and blame in dealings with vulnerable pubertal and pregnant women reflect an attempt to reaffirm an unwritten social contract with the elite and the paterfamilias; a social priority which is also apparent in the legal compendia of the period. Christian writers, meanwhile, drew metaphorically upon medical discourses of generativity and patrimony to distinguish Christian society from the classical past, as chapter six demonstrates. In the final analysis, Oribasius’ Collections are shown to be intimately and variously in dialogue with the society that produced them, reflecting both the high standing of the art in late antiquity, and its symbolic role in defence of the social world, patriarchy and empire. Christian interactions with medicine are shown to reflect many of these same priorities, and to engage with medical norms in more pervasive ways than has often been noted. But it is only in the Christian text that the medical writers’ woman transcends the determinisms of her traditional generativity and physical inferiority, so central to the writings of Oribasius and his classical predecessors.
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Brand, Nadine. "The concept of the sanus homo in the De medicina of Celsus /." Thesis, Link to online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/343.
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Herman, Jonathan David. "Halofuginone: A Story of How Target Identification of an Ancient Chinese Medicine and Multi-Step Evolution Informs Malaria Drug Discovery." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11540.
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Malaria is a treatable communicable disease yet remains a common cause of death and disease especially among pregnant women and children. Most of malaria's worldwide burden disproportionately lies in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Western medicine's 100+ year history of combating Plasmodium falciparum has taught us that the global population of malaria parasites has a unique and dangerous ability to rapidly evolve and spread drug resistance. Recently it was documented that resistance to the first-line antimalarial artemisinin may be developing in Southeast Asia.
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Alsina, Julieta. "As revoluções da alma: sonho e prodiágnosis no tratado hipocrático Da dieta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-18112015-115324/.
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O tema desta Tese é a interpretação dos sonhos no tratado hipocrático Da dieta, como uma forma de conhecimento do corpo. Trata-se de uma forma de mapeamento das perturbações do corpo que não são evidentes a uma mera observação diagnóstica e que serve como um tipo específico de prognose para a manutenção da saúde: a prodiagnose. O conhecimento e reconhecimento dos sonhos enquanto material da prodiagnose depende da compreensão do processo de conformação do corpo e da alma, que ocorre por meio da apomímesis toû hólou. Essa apomímesis supõe uma relação analógica de correspondência e reciprocidade entre uma esfera macrocósmica relativa aos elementos de uma parte da phýsis que é imutável, e uma microcósmica, relativa ao corpo, que, por sua vez possui elementos da phýsis passíveis de modificação por meio da dieta. A Tese procura mapear nos escritos hipocráticos coevos ao Da dieta elementos que deem conta de delinear uma conceituação do sono, do sonho, da alma e do corpo.The theme of this Thesis is the interpretation of dreams in the Hippocratic treatise On Regimen, considered as a form of body knowledge. This body knowledge is a form of mapping bodily disorders that are not visible to a mere medical diagnosis, and also configures itself as a specific type of prognosis in regard of health maintenance: the prodiagnosis. The knowledge and recognition of dreams as prodiagnosis material depends on the understanding of body and soul formation processes, which occur by the concept of apomímesis toû hólou. This apomímesis could be considered as an analog relationship of correspondence and reciprocity between a macrocosmic sphere, regarding a part of phýsis which is immutable, and a microcosmic sphere of the body, which, on the other hand, has some elements of phýsis that can be modified through the diet. The thesis seeks to link some coeval Hippocratic writings to that of On regimen that give account to draw up the concepts of sleep, dream, soul and body.
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King, Daniel A. "Painful stories : the experience of pain and its narration in the Greek literature of the Imperial period (100-250)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c5509a42-cd3f-4e11-b9a1-8a3b6fa84101.
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This research project investigates the relationship between pain and the practices of explaining and narrating it to others. Current scholarship argues that the representation of suffering became, during the Imperial period, an increasingly effective and popular strategy for cultivating authority and that this explains the success of Christian culture’s representation of itself as a community of sufferers. One criticism of this approach is that the experience of pain has often been assumed, rather than analysed. Here, I investigate the nature of pain by attending to its intimate relationship with language; pain was connected to the strategies used to communicate that experience to others. I will show that writers throughout the Imperial period were concerned with questions about how to communicate pain and how that act of communication shaped, managed, and alleviated the experience. I investigate this culture along three axes. Part 1, ‘The Sublime Representation of Pain’, investigates the way different authors thought about the capacity of sublime language and rhetorical techniques such as enargeia to effectively communicate pain. I argue that for writers such as Longinus, the sublime offers an opportunity to replicate the traumatic experience of the pain sufferer in the audience or listener—pain is narrated to the audience through a traumatic communicative mode. Contrarily, I show how authors such as Plutarch and Galen were particularly concerned to desublimate the representation of pain, reducing the affective power of images of pain by promoting the audience’s conscious engagement with the text or representational medium. Part 2, ‘Medical Narratives’, examines a conflict between Galen and Aristides over the way language and narrative signified or referred to painful experiences. I show how both writers negotiate the way pain destroys and transcends ordered, structured, narrative by engaging in a process of narrative translation. I will illuminate the difference between scientific, diagnostic narratives which explain and rationalise pain experiences (in the case of Galen) and those which attempt to give witness to the nebulous, ineffable qualities of pain. In Part 3, ‘Narrating Cures’ I investigate ancient practices of psychotherapy. I show how various philosophical consolations were underpinned by an understanding of the power of pain to continually return and overwhelm the individual. I show further that the Greek romances engage in a type of talking cure: the novels use narration and story-telling to help assert the protagonists’ distance from their past traumatic experiences and, thus, allow the individual to overcome their painful past.
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Johansson, Tuva. "The significance of believing in healing : On the therapeutic value of spoken words in ancient Egyptian medical papyri." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387626.
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Medicine and healing, constantly changing through time, have always been important aspects of life. The desire to avoid the inevitable state of death has driven mankind in all corners of the world to develop certain ways of prolonging life from a very early time. While it is recognized in the modern day that disease and infection are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and parasites, the ancient Egyptians believed that gods, demons, and spirits played the main roles in causing such troubles. Therefore, it does not seem strange that, besides being devoted to the use of various natural drugs and materials in healing treatments, the ancient Egyptians also incorporated religion and magic into their treatment methods. Magic, religion, and medicine enjoyed an equal symbiosis all throughout the Pharaonic times, and one cannot easily separate one from the other. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is any kind of systematics in the way magic was used in ancient Egyptian healing treatments, specifically in the treatments involving incantations and spells. The comparison of the relevant treatments in relation to each other will be conducted both within and in between the individual papyri. The surviving ancient medical papyri are a handful of texts ranging approximately from 1800 BC to 300 AD and give us a precious idea of what the arts of medicine and healing could have looked like in the ancient Egyptian world. A chosen number of the ancient papyri, dated to the 18th dynasty, will be studied in order to better understand the concept of healing and, more significantly, the importance of the power in words. The main sources used are the ancient material of the medical papyri themselves, complemented by a knowledgebase built on the plentiful previous research on the subject available. Numerous studies on the subject of both medicine and magic in ancient Egypt, as well as on the surviving medical papyri have been conducted since the end of the 19th century. The collection of ‘Grundriss der medizin der alten Ägypter’, consisting of nine volumes, was published between the years of 1954 to 1973 and still stands as the most extensive study on the combined ancient Egyptian medical papyri. Several works on the different individual papyri, mainly the Edwin Smith papyrus and the Ebers papyrus, have also been published throughout the years. While there does not appear to have been any intentional systematics in the way the ancient Egyptians conducted their treatment methods containing incantations, there are similarities to be observed. It seems clear that rational medicine and magical incantations and rites, together with the fundamental element of religion, was the ideal combination in the treatment of any condition or complaint.
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Dubayan, Ahmad M. "Galen : "Über die Anatomie der Nerven" Originalschrift und alexandrinisches Kompendium in arabischer Überlieferung /." Berlin : K. Schwarz, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37648976v.
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Gutierrez, Haddad Christie. "The Lily of the Nile : A work on the ritualistic use of an ancient flower of immortality." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för forskning om religion och samhälle (CRS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444083.
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In pharaonic times, religion, magic and medicine had little distinction between each other due to the commonly held belief that all parts of life were influenced and even controlled by divinity and the supernatural. To navigate life easier, and in true Egyptian fashion, a large corpus of text was composed of magic, medicine and religion. The latter includes the arguably most well-known work, the Egyptian Book of the dead, the religious scripture that would help the deceased navigate the netherworld in the hopes for eternal life. The papyri depict numerous plants and remedies as well as spell and healing methods accompanied by magical incorporation such as incantation or invocation of a god or goddess. These can be considered a basis for the fundamental ideas of religion and daily life of ancient Egypt, always consisting of divine involvement. This essay will deal with a symbol that the ancient Egyptians saw as synonymous with life, and immortality: The narcotic blue water lily, Nymphaea Caerulea. The study will be a work on the human religious experience with a plant that I will theorize as having been used for an entheogenic effect in order to connect with the divine by asking some key questions: How and why was the lily used? How is the flowers depiction on art, in texts, and different iconography indicative to a usage in religious experience and through the mythology produced in the civilisation?
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Cano, Cuenca Jorge. "Politics, diet and health in the Seventh Letter’s medical análogon”." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113019.
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This article pretends to provide a reading of the Seventh Letter focused on the role that medical terminology plays in it. Leaving aside the unsolvable enigma of Plato’s authorship, the letter shows evident connections with fundamental topics from the last” Plato, particularly in its political aspects. In many passages of the Seventh Letter, the figure of the philosopher as an educator appears covered with medical aspects, and the political situation is defined as a pathology that we must treat according to a therapeutic methodology.En este artículo se pretende aportar una lectura de la Carta VII desde la función que desempeña en ella el léxico médico. Dejando al margen la irresoluble cuestión sobre la autoría platónica, la carta muestra conexiones evidentes con temas fundamentales en el llamado último” Platón, principalmente en sus aspectos políticos. En varios pasajes de la Carta VII, la figura del filósofo en tanto educador aparece revestida de aspectos médicos, y la propia situación política es definida como una patología sobre la que hay que actuar de acuerdo con una metodología terapéutica.
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Carra, Esther. "Il corpo femminile nella letteratura medica antica (Ippocrate e Sorano)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL049.
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L’objet du travail de la thèse est l’étude de l’image du corps de la femme dans la littérature médicale antique, sous ses différents aspects physiologiques et culturels, étude fondée sur les témoignages de deux auteurs centraux pour cette recherche : Hippocrate (Ve siècle av. J.-C.) et Soranos (Ier siècle ap. J.-C.). Les traités gynécologiques et embryologiques du Corpus hippocratique soulignent l’importance absolue du rôle maternel pour l’image de la femme, rôle en fonction duquel est interprété le corps féminin, ce qui est démontré également par l’intérêt pour la future mère dans de nombreux passages de l’œuvre Gynaecia de Soranos. En effet, à cause de jugements négatifs sur la virginité et à cause de problèmes résultant de la stérilité, la maternité devient non seulement garante de la continuité familiale mais a également une fin thérapeutique et assure un état de bien-être. Une analyse des traités du point de vue philologique et historico-littéraire peut rendre pleinement compte de la complexité des indications de nature sociale et anthropologique qui abondent dans les traitésThe subject of this work is the study of the woman’s body in the field of ancient medical literature, from both physiological and cultural aspects. The study is based on the testimony of two authors who were key figures in this reserach : Hippocrates (5th century B.C.) and Soranus (1st century B.C.). Genealogical and embryological treatises of the Hippocratic Corpus highlight the great importance of the maternal role in the image of the woman, a function by which the female body is interpreted, matter that is also confirmed in several pieces by Sorano’s Gynaecia which show an important interest for the expectant mother. Indeed, because of the negative opinion about virginity and the problems arising from infertility, motherhood became not only the guarantor of the family continuity, but also a therapeutic method which provided a state of well-being. A philological and historical-literary analysis of the treatises can clearly demonstrate the complexity of the social and anthropological indications which are abound in the treatises
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Nicolae, Daniel Sebastian. "A mediaeval court physician at work : Ibn Jumay''s commentary on the Canon of Medicine." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e8e53786-7e15-4cf9-928b-dd492a740acd.
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Ibn Jumay''s (d. c. 594/1198) commentary on the Canon of Medicine by Ibn Sīnā (d. 428/1037) occupies an important place in the history of medicine for it is the first Canon commentary written by a physician and thus stands at the start of a tradition extending over 500 years. In addition, it is a so-far neglected source for our understanding of mediaeval Islamic medicine. The present thesis analyses the commentary with the aims of (1) determining the methods by which the court physician composed his treatise and (2) understanding why Ibn Jumay' undertook to prepare a commentary on one of the most thorough medical compendia of the middle ages. Chapter One presents the biography of Ibn Jumay', reveals that his religion had little impact on his writings and surveys his library which played a pivotal role in the composition of the commentary. Chapter Two investigates Ibn Jumay''s methodology in the entire commentary; it reveals that with his philological and source-critical methods Ibn Jumay' wanted to establish an authoritative reading of the Canon and to demonstrate the high degree of his erudition. Chapter Three focuses on selected passages in the commentary in form of three case studies. Ibn Jumay''s comments on anatomy/dissection, assorted materia medica and headaches demonstrate the court physician’s reverence for ancient authorities and his quest to revive and refine their teachings. Chapter Four contextualises Ibn Jumay''s methods and agenda by comparing them to those of other relevant scholars of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The thesis concludes by arguing that Ibn Jumay''s commentary was part of his revival of the art of medicine and his attempt to gain power in the medical tradition by attaching his name to one of the greatest scholars of his time — the ra'īs Ibn Sīnā.
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Fesi, Andrea. "L'espace culinaire grec. Entre Grèce et Grande-Grèce." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040227.
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Si le regard scientifique porté sur le thème de l’alimentation antique s’est matérialisé au cours des dernières décennies, il s’est pourtant détaché peu d’investigations où l’on a exploité réellement l’espace que l’aliment en lui-même détenait dans la civilisation grecque. Pour tenter de résoudre cette problématique, nous avons fait le choix de porter notre réflexion en se basant sur la comparaison de différentes sources documentaires qui nous ont permis de réaliser un catalogue des aliments les plus consommés en mettant en exergue plusieurs phases ou modes culinaires. Nous nous sommes interrogés également au sujet de certaines pratiques alimentaires et sur le rôle des cuisiniers dans ces démarches en réalisant une énumération de ces individus transmis par les sources, et en dégageant l’existence en Grèce et en Grande-Grèce de plusieurs écoles et de spécialités qu’elles enseignaient. Ce mouvement a porté à la création d’une littérature à sujet gastronomique naufragée dont on conserve pourtant le souvenir dans l’oeuvre encyclopédique d’Athénée de Naucratis. L’alimentation n’avait pas dans l’Antiquité un intérêt éminemment gastronomique mais elle s’est assignée dans les pratiques médicales dès la naissance de cette discipline comme le procédé usité afin de soigner différentes pathologies. Si les recettes au cœur de ce travail participent à distinguer les multiples usages, elles ne permettent pas d’avoir une vision globale des pratiques culinaires au sein de toutes les différents échelles de la société de Grèce et de Grande- Grèce. Maints aspects de ces traditions culinaires restent néanmoins encore d’actualité : il a été constaté, à travers une enquête sur les différents contextes géographiques mis en examen, que certaines recettes ou usages alimentaires dans le cadre culturel ou religieux du monde grec ont pu survivre au fil du tempsScientific works on antique food have been tackled for decades. However, there are few researches that deeply treated the place that the food in itself occupied during the Greek civilization. In order to answer that question, we have decided to focus on different documentary sources by comparing them. These sources enabled us to have a typology of the most eaten food by highlighting many phases or culinary mode. We also asked ourselves about culinary methods and the place of the cook by achieving a list of the different people that appeared in the different sources. To be able to do this, we give emphasis to the existence of different schools and specialties taught in Greece and Great Greece. This movement gave way to the creation of a gastronomic literature that was forgotten and yet it could be found in the encyclopedic work of Athénée of Naucratis. During Antiquity, food did not have a gastronomic purpose. Nevertheless, it was used for medical purposes in order to cure different diseases. The different recipes that are the core of this work help us to distinguish the different use of food. However, they prevent us from having a global view on culinary methods on the different scales that constitute Greece and Great Greece’s society. Yet some aspects of this culinary tradition are still carried on. Indeed, it has been noticed in some geographical areas that some recipes or food use used in the religious or cultural context were able to survive
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Monte, Anna. "Neue Quellen zum griechisch-römisch-byzantinischen Ägypten: Erstedition von fünfzehn griechischen Papyrustexten der Berliner Papyrussammlung." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21422.
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In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden fünfzehn griechische Papyri der Berliner Papyrussammlung zum ersten Mal ediert. Die Papyri veranschaulichen verschiedene Aspekte des sozialen, administrativen, wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Lebens im griechisch-römisch-byzantinischen Ägypten zwischen dem 3. Jh. v.Chr. und dem 7. Jh. n.Chr. Sie wurden durch Ausgrabungen oder Ankäufe des Ägyptischen Museums Berlin in verschiedenen Ortschaften Ägyptens erworben.
Die Dissertation gliedert sich in drei Hauptteile, die den unterschiedlichen Textgattungen der edierten Papyri entsprechen: ‚Literatur‘, ‚Wissenschaft‘ und ‚Dokumentarische Papyri‘.
Im ersten Teil ‚Literatur‘ werden zunächst die wichtigsten Merkmale der homerischen Papyri dargelegt. Es werden in erster Linie der Beitrag der Papyri zur textkritischen Rekonstruktion der Ilias und der Odyssee sowie die besondere Stellung Homers als Bezugspunkt der griechischen kulturellen Identität in Ägypten besprochen. Daraufhin wird ein Papyrus mit Resten der Odyssee XIX ediert.
Im Teil ‚Wissenschaft‘ wird ein spezieller Bereich der antiken Medizin, die Pharmakologie, anhand von drei Papyri mit medizinischen Rezepten dargestellt.
Anschließend werden elf dokumentarische Papyri präsentiert, die neue Belege zur Untersuchung von spezifischen Kernproblematiken des griechisch-römisch-byzantinischen Ägyptens liefern und Aspekte des alltäglichen Lebens des Landes beleuchten.
Jeder Papyrus bringt neue Belege für Wörter, Ausdrücke, Konzepte oder Dokumentarten zu Tage, die Anlässe zu weiteren Forschungen innerhalb der Papyrologie, aber auch der Alten Geschichte und der Klassischen Philologie bieten.The dissertation presents the first edition of fifteen unpublished Greek papyri preserved in the Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection in Berlin. The papyri illustrate various aspects of the social, administrative, economic and cultural life of Graeco-Roman-Byzantine Egypt from the 3rd century BCE until the 7th century CE. They were acquired by the Egyptian Museum in Berlin through excavations or purchases from various sites in Egypt. The dissertation is divided into three main sections, which correspond to the different typologies of texts edited: ‘Literature’, ‘Science’ and ‘Documentary Papyri’. The first part, ‘Literature’, opens with a brief excursus on the Homeric papyri, which focuses in particular on the papyri’s contribution to the reconstruction of the ancient text of the Iliad and the Odyssey and discusses the central role of Homer as a point of reference for the Greek cultural identity in Egypt. The excursus provides a framework for the first papyrus edited in the dissertation, which contains parts of Odyssey XIX. The second part, ‘Science’, deals with papyri of medical content, focusing especially on a particular area of ancient medicine: pharmacology. This section presents the editions of three medical papyri containing recipes for various scopes. The third part contains editions of eleven documentary papyri, which shed light on specific aspects of everyday life in Greco-Roman-Byzantine Egypt. Each papyrus provides new attestations for words, expressions, concepts and types of documents, which could be helpful for further research not only within the field of Papyrology but also of Ancient History and Classical Philology.
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Dulcetti, Junior Orley. "O caminho do Nèi jìng para o ocidente: continuidades e rupturas de uma obra de medicina chinesa antiga e suas traduções para os idiomas europeus." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1872.
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Previous issue date: 2012-10-23The present scientific work investigates the composed object from the original Taoist Ancient Medicine text in archaic Chinese, The Yellow Emperor s Inner Classic , and the European translations into English, Portuguese, by Veith, and into French, by Ung and Chamfrault. There has been an attempt to keep the legitimacy of the source of the text in the translations into the Portuguese language, made by the author of the thesis. Thematic excerpts of dào, yīnyángqì, wǔxíng of the The Yellow Emperor s Inner Classic have been taken and contrasted to the European versions by means of comparisons that have been given systematized commentaries. Because both textualities are products of the fecundity and intelligibility of two distinct cultures, ancient Chinese and current European cultures, there is reference to the study of the problems of the cultural differences with the dimensions that have implications in the Philosophical, Linguistic and aesthetics scopes. A conceptual elaboration has been performed in order to explain the cultural phenomena involved in the transformation and in the translocation of the hypotext into the hypertext. The cultural differences have been made concrete based on Montgomery s cultural diffusion theories, Bastide s acculturation, globalization, Holton s hybridization, Lackner s hybridization and neo-figurism, Julien s cultural fecundity, Genette and Kristeva s intertextuality. The result of the research has led to the conclusion that the translation into Portuguese sought to preserve the authenticity of the original book s cultural and textual fecundity. The translocation of the original text from ancient China to current Europe has received modifications in cultural, philosophical, semantic-linguistic and aesthetic dimensions that took place in the translations of the ancient polysemic sinograms of taoism. These were decontextualized in the entrance of the received texts in another culture, the European culture, which is distinct from the former. It conduces to phrasing and recurrent significations, which are familiar in the receiving Western culture that overpowers the ancient Chinese, belonging to the ancestry of the Yellow Emperor
O presente trabalho científico investiga objeto composto do texto original de medicina chinesa antiga do taoismo, em chinês arcaico, o Clássico Interno do Imperador Amarelo e as traduções europeias em inglês, português, de Veith; em francês de Ung e Chamfrault. Procurou-se manter a legitimidade do texto de origem na tradução para o idioma português feito pelo autor da tese. Foram extraídos excertos temáticos do dào, yīnyángqì, wǔxíng do Clássico Interno comparado às versões europeias por recursos de cotejos que receberam comentários sistematizados. Sendo que, ambas as textualidades são produtos da fecundidade da inteligibilidade de duas culturas distintas, a da chinesa antiga e a europeia atual. Por essa razão remeteu-se ao estudo dos problemas das diferenças culturais com as dimensões que implicam no âmbito filosófico, linguístico e estético. Realizou-se a elaboração conceitual para se explicitar os fenômenos culturais envolvidos na transformação na transladação do hipertexto ao hipotexto. Foram feitas concretização das diferenças culturais fundamentando-se nas teorias da difusão cultural de Montgomery, aculturação de Bastide, globalização, polarização, hibridação de Holton, hibridação e neo-figurismo de Lacnker, fecundidade cultural de Jullien, intertextualidade de Genette e Kristeva. O resultado da pesquisa permitiu concluir que a tradução ao português procurou preservar a autenticidade da fecundidade cultural e textual do livro de origem. A translocação da obra de origem, da China Antiga para a Europa atual recebeu modificações em dimensões culturais, filosóficas semântico-linguísticas, estéticas ocorridas nas traduções dos sinogramas antigos polissêmicos do taoismo descontextualizados na recepção dos textos de acolhida por outra cultura distinta da anterior, a europeia que conduz a fraseados, significações recorrentes, familiares na cultura dominante ocidental de chegada sobre a chinesa antiga, da ancestralidade do Imperador Amarelo
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Christiansen, Bethany Joanne. "Women's Medicine in England, c. 850-1100 CE: Evidence of Medical Manuscripts with a Focus on the Herbarium Tradition." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1576865418758596.
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Stevanović, Divna. "De "chólos" à "cholè" : enquête sur les origines de la notion médicale de "bile"." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30075/document.
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La notion de « bile », exprimée par le substantif χολή, représente l’un des plus importants et des plus célèbres concepts de la médecine hippocratique, inséparable dans la pensée moderne de la fameuse théorie humorale. Au premier abord, les choses semblent donc claires. Cependant, lorsqu’on se plonge dans la lecture des écrits hippocratiques, la notion de cholè s’avère moins simple et évidente. Notre analyse des textes hippocratiques montre, en effet, que la cholè diffère d’un traité à l’autre et que chaque auteur hippocratique élabore sa propre notion de cholè. Nous nous sommes posé alors la question de l’origine de ce concept médical, ainsi que de l’origine de son cadre, qui est la théorie humorale. Notre quête des origines nous a amenée jusqu’aux idées homérique de chólos et aristophanique de cholè, qui se présentent toutes les deux comme fondamentalement différentes de l’idée médicale de cholè, unissant en elles-mêmes les notions de substance et d’état d’esprit. C’est justement cet écart entre les concepts non-médicaux et les concepts médicaux qui nous a intéressée au plus haut point, car il permet de voir comment les médecins hippocratiques élaborent leurs idées et leur discours. L’essentiel de notre travail consiste, donc, en un examen approfondi des procédés par lesquels les hippocratiques s’approprient des idées non-médicales : ce qu’ils retranchent, ce qu’ils rajoutent et ce qu’ils remanient. Nous espérons ainsi mettre en évidence les chemins par lesquels passe la pensée médicale ancienne, dans son processus d’émancipation de la culture traditionnelle, mais aussi des autres « sciences » de l’époque, telle que la philosophieThe notion of « gall », expressed by the noun χολή, is one of the most important as well as the most celebrated concepts of the hippocratic medicine, inseparable for the modern mind from the humoral theory. At first sight then, the idea of « gall » seems fairly obvious. However, reading hippocratic treatises in detail, one realizes that the notion of cholè turns out to be far more complex and intricate than expected. Our analysis of the most relevant hippocratic texts shows indeed that the concept of cholè varies according to the texts involved, as every author tends to develop his own concept of cholè. We tried to find out whether the complex nature of the medical concept known as cholè could be elucidated by a survey of its origins, and a survey of the origins of the humoral system as a whole. Our search for the origins of cholè has led us to the Homeric concept of chólos and to the Aristophanic concept of cholè. The prerequisites of both notions conspicuously differ from the medical concept of cholè, because they unite the substance with a state of mind. This discrepancy between medical and non-medical concepts was of utmost importance for us, since it helped to understand how hippocratic authors developed their ideas and their discourse. The main asset of our work consists, therefore, in an in-depth analysis of the ways in which hippocratic authors take over some non-medical ideas to frame concepts of their own : what are the components they cut out, add or modify. Our goal is to show how ancient medical thought proceeds, in its endeavour to emancipate itself from the tradition as well as from the other contemporary “sciences”, as philosophy
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Devinant, Julien. "Les Troubles psychiques chez Galien : étude d’une approche philosophique et médicale de l’âme." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040101.
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L’étude porte sur les conceptions philosophiques, physiologiques et cliniques mises en jeu par la question des troubles psychiques chez Galien de Pergame ; elle se fonde sur le commentaire de textes collectés dans l’ensemble du corpus disponible. Les perturbations de l’âme sont dans l’Antiquité le lieu d’un conflit d’autorité entre médecine et philosophie. La participation de Galien à chacun des deux champs de savoir et le manque apparent d’homogénéité de sa conception de l’âme invitent dès lors à questionner la cohérence de ses propos. Le premier chapitre présente son approche théorique du problème et défend l’idée que les perspectives matérialistes et téléologiques sont chez lui compatibles à la fois entre elles et avec son agnosticisme quant à la nature de l’âme. Le deuxième chapitre montre que ce dernier n’est pas un aveu de faiblesse qui serait contredit dans la pratique et récuse l’idée que le médecin ait vocation à se substituer au philosophe. Les deux derniers chapitres en cherchent les raisons et pointent les facteurs de résistance à la constitution d’une psychopathologie englobante ; il est d’abord montré que le médecin approche les affections cognitives et émotionnelles selon des catégories distinctes et limite son intervention aux premières ; une reconstitution détaillée des théories étiologiques à l’œuvre dans la pratique diagnostique et thérapeutique vise ensuite à expliquer pourquoi leur prise en charge est malgré tout conçue comme difficile. L’étude entend par là contribuer à une lecture décloisonnée de l’œuvre galénique et montrer que la tension entre esprit de système et prudence théorique se résout dans la visée pratique du proposThe study examines Galen of Pergamon’s philosophical, physiological and clinical ideas at play in his approach to psychic disorders; it is based on a commentary of texts collected from the entire available corpus. Disturbances of the soul are giving rise to a conflict of authority between medicine and philosophy in Antiquity. Galen’s engagement in both fields of knowledge as well as apparent tensions within his views on the soul expose the consistency of his works. The first chapter presents his theoretical approach to the problem and argues that the materialistic and teleological perspectives are indeed compatible both with each other and with his agnosticism about the nature of the soul. The second chapter shows that it is not an admission of weakness which would be at odds with his practice; it thus dismisses the idea that the doctor would aim to replace the philosopher. The last two chapters look into the reasons for it and underline a number of factors inhibiting the creation of an overbearing psychopathology; it is first shown that the physician assigns cognitive and emotional disorders to different categories and will mostly take direct action on the first one; a detailed reconstruction of the etiological theories engaged in his diagnostic and therapeutic practice then shows why it is nonetheless deemed difficult to take care of such disorders. The study thus aims at contributing to an unified reading of the Galenic corpus by showing that the tension between systematic thought and theoretical cautiousness finds solution in his practical goal
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Slaughter, Megan Michelle. "The Hippocratic Corpus and Soranus of Ephesus: Discovering Men's Minds Through Women's Bodies." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3351.
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This thesis addresses what cultural influences and social circumstances shaped the works of the Hippocratic Corpus and Soranus's Gynecology. This thesis will illustrate how these medical texts are representative of how women were viewed by men in Classical Greece and Early Imperial Rome, respectively. It deals additionally with how these gynecological works in turn impacted the way in which society viewed and treated women. In particular, these medical writers' changing views of the act of conception shed light on the differing attitudes of their cultures. Thus far research on these time periods and works has focused too narrowly on one aspect of society to do them justice, nor has there been an effort to separate Soranus's work from the Hippocratic Corpus as representative of a completely different culture and time period. Scholarship has not before discussed the importance of who controls power over conception, men or women, as the key to understanding why women were treated they way they were by men.
Using a feminist approach, this thesis examines the culture, mythology, literature, history, and medicine of these cultures, employing cultural morphology to understand how and why they changed. Greek men feared the women in their lives because they believed that women controlled conception. Roman men did not fear the women in their lives but respected them as mothers, for the important reason that women did not control or contribute to conception. All of the cultural evidence examined inclines one to believe that the way women were treated and viewed by men in the Classical period of Greece and the early Imperial period in Rome, is related directly to who held the power over conception of children, men or women.
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COLLU, MARTA. "Endocannabinoid System Modulation By Natural Products From Ancient Medicinal Plants." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/260056.
Full textAbstract:
Herbal drugs have been important for the treatment of multiple pathological conditions since ancient times. A multitude of historical texts document the importance of plant-based therapies, but the therapeutic effectiveness of many described applications remains questionable. Concomitantly, the pharmacological properties and the associated chemistry of many herbal drugs described in ancient texts remain poorly studied. The development of modern pharmacology and analytical tools in the past century has led to the discovery of a plethora of novel plant-derived compounds and propelled advancements in medicine and pharmacology. The identification of (-)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as the active principle of Cannabis sativa L., triggered research activities conductive to the elucidation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS is a major modulatory system involved in a variety of physiological functions including the regulation of appetite, pain perception, memory, mood, and the modulation of inflammation and immune responses. A deregulation of the ECS is commonly associated with pathological conditions such as mood disorders, pain, inflammation, and neurodegenerative and immune diseases. Therefore, identifying target specific agonists, antagonists and inhibitors constitutes a promising strategy to tackle these conditions. The inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the major enzyme involved in the termination of endocannabinoid signalling via the degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), represents a pharmacological strategy to treat conditions such as anxiety, depression or metabolic disorders. Besides the main cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors, activation of cannabinoid type-2 (CB2) receptors represents as well an interesting pharmacological approach to treat diverse disorders such as diabetes, and neurodegenerative and immune diseases.
Therefore, the main aim of this doctoral thesis was to identify and characterize plant-derived compounds able to target and modulate specific components of the ECS. As a starting point to address this objective, a plant extract library of drug samples mainly associated with the herbal drugs described in Dioscorides’ De Materia Medica (DMM; ex Matthioli, 1568) was built up. The extracts were tested for in vitro inhibition of FAAH and affinity towards CB2 receptors. In addition, as an indication of non-specific cytotoxicity, their antiproliferative activity was evaluated. For the screened extracts, the possible relationship between investigated bioactivity and plant phylogeny was first questioned. From the results of the FAAH inhibition screening, it emerged that extracts with significant FAAH inhibitory activity are phylogenetically clustered, as they are associated preponderantly with herbal drugs derived from the Fabaceae family. Isoflavonoids and prenylated derivatives, secondary metabolites commonly produced in Fabaceae, were proposed as potential FAAH inhibitors. Among the isoflavonoids tested, the prenylated luteone and neobavaisoflavone proved to be highly potent, selective, competitive and reversible FAAH inhibitors at the nanomolar range. In addition, preliminary results from the screening of the extract library towards CB2 receptors suggested the identification of sesquiterpene coumarins as a new class of CB2 receptor ligands at the low micromolar range.
In conclusion, in this thesis project we have identified two classes of natural products showing in vitro pharmacological interaction with the ECS. Moreover, the compounds may prove promising scaffolds for the development of new therapeutic agents with anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, anxiolytic, anti-diabetic or immunomodulatory activities.
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Deniz, Machín Deyvis. "La percepción en el debate filosófico de las escuelas helenísticas. Consideraciones epistemológicas y planteamientos éticos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672859.
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La presente investigación está orientada al estudio de la filosofia helenística, pero, más precisamente, a la reconstrucción del debate filosófico que los miembros de las escuelas y orientaciones helenísticas sostuvieron en tomo a la percepción. La aproximación procede diacrónica y sincrónicamente, recabando, por un lado, los planteamientos fundacionales de cada una, y mostrando, por otro, la recepción y evolución que estos reciben de paite de sus seguidores a la luz de los cuestionamientos de posiciones rivales. De ello emerge un debate filosófico qne, vehiculizado en griego y en latín, ocurre tanto intra como extra muros, cuya duración se prolonga durante varios siglos bajo complejas circunstancias sociopolíticas. Tal procedimiento permite la elaboración de un amplio mosaico mediante el que es posible apreciar en su dimensión histórica la heterogeneidad de temas y tópicos que forman parte integral del debate filosófico que sobre la percepción llevan a cabo las escuelas y orientaciones del período, a saber: físicos, onto-lógicos, epistemológicos, éticos e incluso médico-fisiológicos, en los cuales nuestro estudio repara constantemente en función de su relevancia. Se advierte, a su vez, la contribución tanto de la medicina como de los filósofos presocráticos; si bien los segundos se ocupan por vez primera de abordar y tematizar el problema de la percepción, la primera progresa en el estudio de las partes y funciones del cuerpo. Los términos y voces técnicas cuidadosainente empleados en la búsqueda por delimitar y precisar aspectos del problema, si bien en gran parte son heredados de los planteamientos tanto presocráticos como clásicos, acaban siendo resignificados en función de los encuadres que son propios del período helenístico. En su especificidad se repara constantemente en la esperanza, desde luego, de llamar la atención sobre su relevancia, pero, a su vez, en la de poder elaborar en un futuro un glosario greco-latino que pueda contribuir a la iluminación del problema que es objeto de estudio de la presente investigación: temas y tópicos, por un lado, y términos y voces, por otro, evidencian el grado de refinamiento técnico del proceder de los pensadores helenísticos. Los encuadres anteriormente referidos permiten llevar a cabo una exploración suficientemente pormenorizada de los plai1teamientos y argumentos avanzados por los miembros de las escuelas y orientaciones helenísticas, incluso si las más de las veces solo se tienen noticias de ellos a través de rep01ies indirectos de segunda, tercera o hasta, en ocasiones, de cuarta mano, razón por lo cual ocurre que la iluminación de algún planteamiento puntual depende de los argumentos y posiciones de otros miembros que, a pesar de no ser necesariamente contemporáneos, se posicionan en primera persona. Pese a que la papirología y la epigrafía han contribuido a subsanar lagunas importantes, ya sea proporcionando nuevos testimonios ya sea c01Toborando o desmintiendo otros, este es uno de los factores que obliga a ofrecer conclusiones, si bien fundadas y razonadas, solo tentativas.The present research, focused on the Hellenistic philosophy, aims at shedding a new light on the philosophical debate that about perception was carried out by the philosophical schools/orientations which flourished throughout the so-called Hellenistic period. The research proceeds both diachronically and synchronically; not only by gathering ‒when possible‒ the first-and-foundational theses initially set forth by each school’s/orientation’s masters, but also by paying a careful attention to their reception, their evolution or their eventual ‒if any‒ reformulations at the hands of their disciples and subsequent members, all of which was motivated mainly by the permanent and the reciprocal criticisms of with each other. As a result, it then emerges an enduring philosophical debate which has been handed down both in Greek and in Latin through direct as well as indirect sources; historically speaking, such a debate took place not only from within but also outside the walls of each school/orientation. As far as chronology is concerned, its length carried on during several centuries ‒even echoing down, roughly speaking, till nowadays‒ under the sociopolitical upheavals derived by, in principle, Alexander’s military enterprise. In virtue of the aforementioned proceeding, the present research aims thus at offering a mosaic of wide spectrum, as detailed as veridical ‒even if tentative‒ as possible, of the philosophical reflection of the period, through which it then is possible to reflect also on the so many multifarious other topics, such as the ontological and the physiological ones, as well as the physical, the epistemological and ‒among many others‒ the ethical ones, upon which the debate on perception ultimately rests. In that regard, special attention is paid both to medicine and «pre-Socratic» philosophy, since both help foreshadowing the Hellenistic debate: if ‒as Theophrastus reports‒ the latter pondered, in fact, for the first time on perception, the former achieved astonishing enhancements through the study of the percipient’s bodily parts, say, their organs and functions. Likewise, an especial emphasis is put on the technical terms chosen and selectively employed by each school/orientation in their seeking to demarcate ‒if not all‒ the most relevant aspects inherent to the problem of perception, hoping so to be then able of elaborating in the near future on a sort of Greco- Latin lexicon by which the Hellenistic debate does end up even better spelt out. Although over the last century textual evidence has considerably increased and, consequently, some textual deficiencies has been emended either by papyri or epigraphy, our conclusions, even if reasoned and justified, should only be tentative.
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WHITAKER, JASON MATTHEW. "Household Archaeology at Operation 11, Medicinal Trail Site." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1196213016.
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BREWER, JEFFREY L. "UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF A SMALL DEPRESSION IN ANCIENT MAYA WATER MANAGEMENT AT THE MEDICINAL TRAIL SITE, NORTHWEST BELIZE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1185768761.
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Blonski, Michel. "Se nettoyer à Rome (IIème s. av. J.-C. – IIème s. apr. J.-C.) : pratiques et enjeux." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040008.
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On étudie ici comment les Romains de la fin de la République et du début de l’Empire envisagent les opérations de nettoyage corporel. En suivant plusieurs questions pratiques (de quoi se nettoie-t-on ? dans quel but ? où le fait-on, avec quels moyens et comment ?) et en se fondant sur des analyses anthropologiques, archéologiques et lexicologiques, on délimite les domaines dans lesquels les Romains rangent les catégories du sale, du soin corporel et de la juste présentation de soi. Le vocabulaire de la saleté, en particulier, permet de circonscrire un ensemble varié de réalités indésirables : il n’y a pas « une » mais « des » saletés – tout est fonction de contextes – et le lexique reflète cette diversité.La justification de la propreté, au contraire, se fonde sur des prescriptions morales remarquables par leur permanence et leur cohérence tout au long de la période. La propreté doit être entendue comme la traduction concrète de la notion plus large de soin ; et réciproquement, la saleté traduit celle de négligence. Par conséquent, être un bon citoyen, et au-delà, un être humain véritable, cela passe par la propreté – avec une insistance telle qu’elle fait de cet état un marqueur de reconnaissance sociale. Plus on est propre et « brillant », plus on se situe en haut des hiérarchies civiques. Ces prescriptions morales aboutissent à l’émergence de cette réalité bien romaine qu’est le balneum : le lieu privilégié de l’entretien de ce modèle civique, au croisement entre univers moraux, cosmétiques et médicaux. Elles sont appuyées par un ensemble de techniques spécifiques accordant une place privilégiée au frottement du corps, à l’aide d’huile ou de détergentsThis thesis investigates how the Romans envision the operations related to body cleansing at the end of the Republic and the beginning of the Empire. Starting from practical questions – What has to be cleaned? For which purpose? Where does this operation take place? How is it completed? – and leveraging on approaches stemmed from anthropology, archeology and lexicology, we delimitate categories that the Romans link to concepts such as dirtiness, body care or appropriate self-presentation. The terminology of dirtiness, in particular, reveals a manifold set of undesired realities, which nonetheless never appears totally consistent; Depending on the context, there is not one, but several types of dirtiness. On the contrary, the justification of cleanliness is based on a whole range of moral prescriptions which are remarkable by their continuity and their consistency throughout the whole period. It appears that the concept of cleanliness should be understood within the frame of the broader notion of self care. Conversely, dirtiness more generally relates to self negligence. Consequently, being a good citizen, or even living as a genuine human being requires to be clean, to a point where cleanliness becomes a social marker: A clean and “shiny” appearance indicates a higher social status. Hence the growing importance of the balneum as a Roman institution – the place where this model is maintained, across civic, medical and cosmetic representations, through the development of techniques primarily based on body rubbing using oil and detergents
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Ruiz-Moiret, Diane. "Les maladies pestilentielles dans l'Italie romaine jusqu'au milieu du IIè siècle av.J.-C. d'apès les sources historiographiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO20083.
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Les récits de Tite Live, Denys d'Halicarnasse, Valère-Maxime, Plutarque, Cassius Dion et Orose font mention de trente-neuf épisodes de pestilences ayant frappé Rome ou des Romains en campagne, entre la fondation légendaire de la ville et le milieu du IIe siècle av. J.-C. Le relevé de ces maladies pestilentielles, inédit en soi, témoigne de la façon dont ces fléaux, conjuguant leurs effets avec ceux des guerres, des famines et des événements climatiques, marquèrent l'histoire politique et religieuse de la Rome des premiers siècles et laissèrent, dans l'imagination collective, une trace profonde dont les récits historiographiques rendent témoignage. Si l'historicité de chacune de ces pestilences, qui, du fait de leur ancienneté, ne nous sont connues que par le biais de récits largement postérieurs aux événements, est souvent douteuse, les passages que les différents historiens consacrent à leur évocation fournissent, en revanche, de précieux renseignements sur la manière dont ces fléaux étaient compris et conçus au tournant de l'Empire. Les maladies pestilentielles s'y présentent comme des phénomènes effrayants du fait de leur violence et de l’incompréhension qu’elles suscitent, en particulier sur la question de leur origine et des modalités de leur développement, mais aussi pour ce qu’elles révèlent de l’état des relations entre les Romains et leurs dieux. Parce qu’elles éprouvent l’Vrbs collectivement, elles poussent également les historiens à s’interroger sur les facteurs qui contribuent à la bonne ou, au contraire, à la mauvaise santé d’une cité et aux moyens d’obtenir sa guérisonThe accounts of Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Valerius Maximus, Plutarch, Cassius Dio and Orosius mention thirty-nine episodes of pestilence which struck Rome or Romans on military campaigns, between the legendary founding of the city and the middle of the 2nd century BC. The record of these pestilential diseases, unprecedented in itself, shows the way in which these scourges, combining their effects with those of wars, famines and other climatic events, marked the political and religious history of early Rome and left a deep trace in the collective imagination, as witnessed by the historiographical accounts. If the historicity of each of these pestilences - which, due to their antiquity, are only known through accounts largely subsequent to the events - is often doubtful, the passages devoted by the various historians to their evocation, on the other hand, do provide valuable information on the way in which these scourges were understood and conceived at the turn of the Empire. Pestilential diseases are presented as frightening phenomena not only because of their violence and the lack of understanding of their origins and development, but also because they are indicators of the state of relations between the Romans and their gods. As they affect the Vrbs collectively, they also prompt historians to wonder about the factors that contribute to the good or, on the contrary, the bad health of a city and the ways in which it can be cured
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Mandrone, Manuela <1983>. "Medicinal Plants from Ancient Tradition as a Source for Matrix Proteases Inhibitors. Study of Correlation between Biological Activity and Phytochemical Profile." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7613/1/tesi_Manuela_Mandrone_.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the crucial involvement of matrix metalloproteinases’ (MMPs) misregulated activity in the pathogenesis of several degenerative diseases, this class of enzymes has been considered a highly active set of targets for the design of new therapeutic agents. However, the scant success of synthetic MMP inhibitors, largely due to the disappointing results obtained in both clinical and preclinical studies, makes medicinal plants a valuable source of new active compounds able to modulate MMPs activity.
In this work, a consistent number of plants, selected on the base of an ethnobotanical research, were tested as inhibitors of collagenase, the founding member of the MMPs family.
1H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis combined with multivariate data treatment (PLS and OPLS) was used to correlate the biological activity to the phytochemical profiles, suggesting tannins as an important class of collagenase inhibitors. Thus, a tannin-removal procedure was developed, which allowed to prove this hypothesis and to identify another class of active metabolites, the glucuronide-conjugated flavonoids (especially quercetin-3-O-β-glucoronide), whose the plant Alchemilla vulgaris was found to be a good source.
In another stage of the project, different varieties of tea were investigated as collagenase inhibitors, finding black tea samples particularly potent.
Then, an OPLS model was developed with the aim of correlating the biological activity to the UV-Vis spectra of teas, showing that a high activity was related to absorption values in the range 350-440 nm. A subsequent fractionation of the most active tea sample was carried out, and this approach allowed to corroborate the results obtained by the metabolomic analysis. Considering that the absorbance measurement of an extract represents a cheap and simple procedure, the proposed method can be suitable, for instance, to select the best tea variety to be developed as an anti-wrinkles cosmetic or food supplement.
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Mandrone, Manuela <1983>. "Medicinal Plants from Ancient Tradition as a Source for Matrix Proteases Inhibitors. Study of Correlation between Biological Activity and Phytochemical Profile." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7613/.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the crucial involvement of matrix metalloproteinases’ (MMPs) misregulated activity in the pathogenesis of several degenerative diseases, this class of enzymes has been considered a highly active set of targets for the design of new therapeutic agents. However, the scant success of synthetic MMP inhibitors, largely due to the disappointing results obtained in both clinical and preclinical studies, makes medicinal plants a valuable source of new active compounds able to modulate MMPs activity.
In this work, a consistent number of plants, selected on the base of an ethnobotanical research, were tested as inhibitors of collagenase, the founding member of the MMPs family.
1H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis combined with multivariate data treatment (PLS and OPLS) was used to correlate the biological activity to the phytochemical profiles, suggesting tannins as an important class of collagenase inhibitors. Thus, a tannin-removal procedure was developed, which allowed to prove this hypothesis and to identify another class of active metabolites, the glucuronide-conjugated flavonoids (especially quercetin-3-O-β-glucoronide), whose the plant Alchemilla vulgaris was found to be a good source.
In another stage of the project, different varieties of tea were investigated as collagenase inhibitors, finding black tea samples particularly potent.
Then, an OPLS model was developed with the aim of correlating the biological activity to the UV-Vis spectra of teas, showing that a high activity was related to absorption values in the range 350-440 nm. A subsequent fractionation of the most active tea sample was carried out, and this approach allowed to corroborate the results obtained by the metabolomic analysis. Considering that the absorbance measurement of an extract represents a cheap and simple procedure, the proposed method can be suitable, for instance, to select the best tea variety to be developed as an anti-wrinkles cosmetic or food supplement.
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Navarrete, Faubel Fco Enrique. "El tratamiento conservador en las fracturas de cadera del anciano." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9594.
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OBJETIVO: Estudiar la evolución de los pacientes mayores de 60 años con fractura de cadera, la cual estará condicionada a unos factores de riesgo que influyen en tratamiento y en la supervivencia.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Periodo de estudio: Enero-Diciembre de 1998. Se atendieron 809 pacientes con fractura de cadera; 156 no fueron operados y de ellos se formó el grupo estudio con 111 pacientes que fueron seguidos prospectivamente. De los 653 operados tomamos un grupo control de 90 pacientes que se seleccionaron aleatoriamente una vez terminó el periodo de estudio. Todos fueron seguimos durante 12 meses o hasta su defunción. Se recogieron los datos a través de la información administrativa al ingreso y mediante entrevista telefónica.RESULTADOS: La mortalidad en el grupo de pacientes no operados fue máxima en los 3 primeros meses tras la fractura (41%), siendo la mortalidad acumulada al año del 62%. En el grupo de pacientes operados, la mortalidad fue uniforme a lo largo del periodo de estudio, situándose alrededor del 4.5% trimestral y con una mortalidad acumulada al año del 18%.En el estudio estadístico realizado, los factores que se mostraron decisorios a la hora de valorar el tipo de tratamiento (conservador o quirúrgico) y por ese orden, fueron el estado mental, el estado general y el estado funcional previo.Para la supervivencia, los principales factores de riesgo variaron en función del grupo estudiado. En los pacientes no operados, resultaron factores de riesgo el estado general grave (ASA III y IV) y el deterioro del estado mental (confusión temporo-espacial y demencia senil). Para el grupo de pacientes operados fueron determinantes en la supervivencia el estado general, el deterioro mental y el sexo varón. Cuando consideramos la totalidad de los pacientes del estudio, resultaron factores de riesgo y por este orden, el estado general, el estado mental, el sexo y la edad superior a los 83 años. Al introducir la variable ser operados o no, esta se convirtió en la más relevante en cuanto al pronóstico vital. No resultaron factores de riesgo vital el nivel de deterioro funcional previo ni el tipo de fractura en ninguno de los grupos.DISCUSIÓN: Revisando la literatura, la edad no es un factor de riesgo de alto nivel de evidencia. Existe controversia en el sexo como factor de riesgo. El estado general prefractura se perfila como un claro factor de riesgo para la mortalidad. El estado mental es un factor a tener en cuenta, siendo en nuestro estudio el 2º en importancia. El estado funcional y el tipo de fractura no parecen relevantes en la expectativa vital.En base a estos resultados, pensamos que deberían hacerse todos los esfuerzos posibles por controlar el estado general y mental previo a la fractura, intentando reconducir a los pacientes a la cirugía, buscando con ello una mayor supervivencia a los 12 meses y una mejor calidad de vida.OBJECTIVE: To study the evolution of the 60-year-old major patients with hip fracture, which will be determined to a few risk factors that influence treatment and the survival.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Period of study: January - December, 1998. Eight hundred and nine patients were attended by fracture of hip. One hundred and fifty-six were not operated on and we could study prospectively 111 patients. From the 653 operated on we obtained a group of 90 patients that we follow for 12 months or until they died. The information was colected by telephonic interview.RESULTS: The mortality in the group of non-operated on patients was maximum in the first 3 months after the fracture (41 %); 1 year mortality was 62 %. In the group of operated on patients, the mortality every 3 months was about 4.5 %, and mortality at 1 year was 18 %.In the statistical study, the factors that proved to be decisive at the moment of choosing the type of treatment (conservative or surgical) were: the mental condition, the general condition and the functional previous condition.For the survival, the principal risk factors were: · In the group of non-operated on patients: The general condition (ASA III and IV) and the mental condition.· In the group of operated on patients: The general condition, the mental condition and the sex (male).· When considered all the patients: The general condition, the mental condition, the sex and age (> 83 years).The functional previous condition and the type of fracture were not considered risk factors in any group.DISCUSSION: The age is not a risk factor of high-level of evidence. The sex is a controversial risk factor. The pre-fracture general condition is outlined as a clear risk factor for the mortality. The mental condition is an important factor. The functional condition and the type of fracture do not seem to be relevant in the vital expectation.
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Wright, Colin W., Peter A. Linley, R. Brun, S. Wittlin, and E. Hsu. "Ancient Chinese methods are remarkably effective for the preparation of artemisinin-rich extracts of Qing Hao with potent antimalarial activity." MDPI Publishing, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4539.
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yesAncient Chinese herbal texts as far back as the 4th Century Zhou hou bei ji fang describe methods for the use of Qing Hao (Artemisia annua) for the treatment of intermittent fevers. Today, the A. annua constituent artemisinin is an important antimalarial drug and the herb itself is being grown and used locally for malaria treatment although this practice is controversial. Here we show that the ancient Chinese methods that involved either soaking, (followed by wringing) or pounding, (followed by squeezing) the fresh herb are more effective in producing artemisinin-rich extracts than the usual current method of preparing herbal teas from the dried herb. The concentrations of artemisinin in the extracts was up to 20-fold higher than that in a herbal tea prepared from the dried herb, but the amount of total artemisinin extracted by the Chinese methods was much less than that removed in the herbal tea. While both extracts exhibited potent in vitro activities against Plasmodium falciparum, only the pounded juice contained sufficient artemisinin to suppress parasitaemia in P. berghei infected mice. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of malaria treatment using A. annua infusions.
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García, Garrido Ana Belén. "Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud del anciano atendido en Atención Primaria." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145789.
Full textAbstract:
El envejecimiento de la población es una realidad a nivel mundial y un fenómeno significativo en el siglo XXI. La curación y la supervivencia ya no son los únicos fines de la atención sanitaria de acción prioritaria. La calidad de vida de los individuos puede llegar a ser el principal determinante asistencial en muchas enfermedades crónicas. Además, se sabe que el estado funcional y la calidad de vida percibida son predictores independientes de los resultados en salud. Una mala calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en el anciano se ha asociado a mayores tasas de hospitalización, mortalidad y consumo de recursos sanitarios.
El objetivo principal de este estudio es conocer la CVRS del anciano atendido en las consultas de Atención Primaria en Cantabria y, dados los diferentes riesgos psicosociales que afectan a las mujeres y a los varones, en un estudio diferenciado por género.Population aging is a global reality and a significant phenomenon in the XXI century. The cure and survival are no longer the only purposes of health care for priority action. Quality of life of individuals can be the main determinant of care in many chronic diseases. In addition, it is known that the functional status and quality of life perceived are independent predictors of health outcomes. An impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the elderly has been associated with increased risk of hospitalization, mortality and higher use of health services. The main objective of this study is to ascertain the HRQOL of the elderly served in Primary Care consultations in Cantabria in a study by gender because of the different psychosocial risks that affect women and men.
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Cienfuegos, Da Silva Karen Paola. "Cuidado de enfermería en la prevención de úlceras por presión en adultos mayores del servicio de medicina interna de un hospital local. Chiclayo, 2019." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2767.
Full textAbstract:
El cuidado enfermero está referido a un conjunto de acciones, donde actúa en la prevención, curación y rehabilitación de las enfermedades; tal es el caso de la prevención de úlceras por presión, ya que su incidencia está considerada como un indicador de los cuidados de enfermería y como un evento adverso. La presente investigación cualitativa con abordaje metodológico estudio de caso, tuvo como objetivos: describir y analizar los cuidados de enfermería en la prevención de úlceras por presión en adultos mayores del servicio de medicina interna de un hospital local. Los sujetos de estudio estuvieron
conformados por 24 participantes (12 profesionales de enfermería y 12 familiares cuidadores de los pacientes adultos mayores), los mismos que cumplieron criterios de selección; el tamaño de la muestra fue determinada por criterios de saturación y redundancia, el muestreo no probabilístico y por conveniencia. Para la obtención de datos se aplicó la entrevista semiestructurada, elaborada por la investigadora y validada por un juicio de expertos, teniendo en cuenta ciertos criterios de rigor científico y principios éticos. Como resultados se obtuvieron tres categorías: A) Cuidados intrahospitalarios para
la prevención de úlceras por presión B) Educación al familiar cuidador para la prevención de úlceras por presión C) Limitantes para el cuidado en la prevención de úlceras por presión en el hospital. Conclusión: El profesional de enfermería reconoce la importancia sobre las medidas de prevención y la ejecución de las mismas, ya que estas significarían las únicas herramientas del personal para evitar la aparición de úlceras por presión.
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Vena, Martínez Ana Belén. "Incidencia, características y evolución de los pacientes mayores con ictus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461952.
Full textAbstract:
L’envelliment poblacional actual presenta un impacte significatiu en la salut pública i en l’atenció
sanitària. Ens plantegem estudiar exhaustivament la incidència d’ictus, les característiques i la
resposta al tractament fibrinolític (TF) en els pacients ≥ 80 anys. Metodologia: La tesis consta de 4
articles. En el 1r s’estudien les tasses d’incidència brutes i les tasses d’incidència ajustades per edat
en la província de Lleida entre 2010 i 2014. En el 2n, es comparen les característiques i l’evolució dels
pacients amb ictus isquèmic (IcI) en funció de l’edat En el 3r s’estableix l’evolució de 740 pacients
amb IcI de l’Hospital Arnau de Vilanova quan no existeix restricció a l’ingrés a la UI o al TF. En el
darrer article es determina es determina la resposta al TF en les persones ≥ 80 anys en funció de les
característiques del centre on s'aplica, Conclusió: La incidència ajustada d’ictus a Lleida és similar a la
d'altres regions europees. L’edat és un clar factor d’increment de la incidència. Els ictus en persones
≥80 anys tenen característiques pròpies. El TF en la pràctica clínica és efectiu i segur en ≥80 anys
amb independència de les característiques de l’hospital.El envejecimiento poblacional actual presenta un impacto significativo en la salud pública y en la atención sanitaria. Nos planteamos indagar exhaustivamente en la incidencia del ictus, las características y la respuesta al tratamiento fibrinolítco (TF) de las personas ≥ 80 años. Metodología: La tesis consta de 4 artículos. En el 1º se estudian las tasas de incidencia bruta y de incidencia ajustada por edad en la provincia de Lleida de 2010 a 2014. En el 2º se comparan las características y la evolución de los pacientes con ictus isquémico (IcI) en función de la edad. En el 3º se indaga la evolución de 740 pacientes con IcI del Hospital Arnau de Vilanova cuando no existe restricción al ingreso en la UI o al TF. Finalmente, se determina la respuesta al TF en las personas > 80 años en función de las características del centro donde se aplica .Conclusión: La incidencia ajustada de ictus en Lleida es similar a la de otras regiones europeas. La edad es un claro factor de incremento de incidencia. Los ictus en personas ≥80 años tienen características propias. El TF en la práctica clínica es efectivo y seguro en ≥80 años con independencia de la característica del hospital.
Current population aging has a significant impact on public health and in health care. One of the major diseases that is related to age is the cerebrovascular disease. We intend to investigate exhaustively the incidence of stroke, characteristics and response to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) In people > 80 years. Methodology: The thesis consists of 4 articles. In the first study the gross incidence rates and incidence rates adjusted for age in the province of Lleida from 2010 to 2014. In the second, we compare the characteristics and the evolution of patients with ischemic stroke (IS) according to the age In the third, we investigate the evolution of 740 patients with IcI of the Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova when there is no restriction on admission to the stroke unit or IVT. Finally, the response to IVT in individuals > 80 years is determined according to the characteristics of the center where it is applied. Conclusion: The adjusted incidence of stroke in Lleida is similar to that of other European regions. Age is a clear factor of incidence increase. Strokes in people ≥ 80 years have their own characteristics. The IVT in clinical practice is effective and safe in ≥ 80 years regardless of the hospital's characteristics.
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Araguas, García Caleb. "Repercusiones estructurales y funcionales de las hiperqueratosis plantares en adultos mayores." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667951.
Full textAbstract:
Les lesions hiperqueratósicas plantars són un dels problemes del peu més habituals entre els adults major, afectant a un 30-65% de la gent gran de 65 anys. Malgrat ser un dels problemes del peu més prevalents en l’adult major, pocs són els estudis que parlin de les repercussions que les hiperqueratosis presenten, existint diverses àrees sense cap tipus d'investigació.
L'objectiu d'aquest treball es analitzar les repercussions de les hiperqueratosis plantars en l'estructura i funcionalitat de subjectes adults majors. Per a això, al llarg dels diversos estudis que componen aquest treball, es va analitzar la correlació existent entre diferents factors afavoridors i la presència de hiperqueratosi plantars; l'efectivitat de la seva laminació i la influència d'aquestes en l'autopercepció dolorosa, a la cinemàtica i en la cinètica de la marxa, en l'equilibri i en la modificació de la sensibilitat plantar.Las lesiones hiperqueratósicas plantares son uno de los problemas del pie más habituales entre los adultos mayores, afectando a un 30-65% de la gente mayor de 65 años. Pese a ser uno de los problemas del pie más prevalentes en el adulto mayor, pocos son los estudios que hablen de las repercusiones que las hiperqueratosis presentan, existiendo diversas áreas sin ningún tipo de investigación. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las repercusiones de las hiperqueratosis plantares en la estructura y funcionalidad de sujetos adultos mayores. Para ello, a lo largo de los diversos estudios que componen este trabajo, se analizó la correlación existente entre diferentes factores favorecedores y la presencia de hiperqueratosis plantares; la efectividad de su laminación y la influencia de estas en la autopercepción dolorosa, en la cinemática y en la cinética de la marcha, en el equilibrio y en la modificación de la sensibilidad plantar.
Hyperkeratotic plantar lesions are one of the most common foot problems among older adults, affecting 30-65% of people over 65 years of age. Despite being one of the most prevalent foot problems in the elderly, there are few studies that speak of the repercussions that hyperkeratosis presents, and there are several areas without any type of research. The objective of this work is to analyze the repercussions of plantar hyperkeratosis on the structure and functionality of older adults. To do this, throughout the various studies that make up this work, we analyzed the correlation between different factors favoring and the presence of plantar hyperkeratosis; the effectiveness of its lamination and the influence of these on painful self-perception, on kinematics and on the kinetics of gait, on balance and on the modification of plantar sensitivity.