Journal articles: 'Medicine, Clerical'

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Dosani, Sabina. "Clerical and medical." BMJ 334, no. 7596 (April 7, 2007): s123.1—s123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.334.7596.s123.

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Burger, Glenn. "Labouring to Make the Good Wife Good in the journées chrétiennes and Le Menagier de Paris." Florilegium 23, no. 1 (January 2006): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.23.004.

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This paper focuses on two related moments of hybridity in late medieval conduct literature concerned with the management of the conduct of the good wife's daily life. First, it examines the fusion of clerical and lay authority found in the so-called journées chrétiennes, a group of texts written by clerics to help lay people lead a contemplative life from within the married estate. Second, it considers the epistemological confusion evident in a similar attempt to navigate the interpenetration of lay and clerical experience in the opening sections of Le Menagier de Paris. It concludes that such texts make possible, through the labour of their performative reading practices, a process of textual and cultural enrichment that allows their readers to engage with the social in new ways.

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Ackerman, V. P., and R. C. Pritchard. "Clerical accuracy in the laboratory." Pathology 18, no. 4 (1986): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00313028609087575.

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Macek, Ellen A. "Advice Manuals and the Formation of English Protestant and Catholic Clerical Identities, 1560-1660." Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 85, no. 1 (2005): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607505x00191.

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AbstractDrawing from personal experience or the preparation of aspiring pastors, some English authors sought to refine clerical job descriptions during the first century of religious reform. Although clerical advice manuals consistently demanded a morally upright life and suitable academic training, the pastor's ongoing spiritual formation assumed more importance. Handbooks written by authors as diverse as the "Puritan" Richard Bernard, the "establishment" pastor George Herbert, and the "papist" George Gilbert also outlined the use of several novel methods to deal with individuals who failed to respond to more traditional means of preaching and provision of the sacraments. A close reading of such manuals provides a window on competing visions of English clerical life before 1660.

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Taglia, Kathryn Ann. "“On Account of Scandal...”: Priests, their Children and the Ecclesiastical Demand for Celebacy." Florilegium 14, no. 1 (January 1996): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.14.004.

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By the late Middle Ages canon law demanded that the higher orders of clerics lead a celibate life. In reality, however, throughout the medieval period and into the early modern era a significant minority fell far from this ideal. Children, born after their fathers had taken vows to the higher orders, were visible evidence of their fathers’ failure to uphold these ecclesiastical standards. The anthropologist Mary Douglas argues that cultural systems need to be able to control or restrict anomalous or ambiguous events that might overturn their organizing principles and threaten their integrity. Through an examination of French synodal legislation from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries, I will display how the ecclesiastical cultural system worked to maintain the principle of celibacy and its own integrity by turning these children into moral and legal outsiders whose very existence is a source of scandal and moral contagion to be avoided or contained. In this context medieval ecclesiastical officials situated these offspring, particularly the sons of priests, as the source of all cultural contradictions inherent in ideas about clerical celibacy, marriage, and the control of ecclesiastical resources. Furthermore, by delegitimizing these sons and then granting them access back into the ecclesiastical system through the mechanism of the dispensation, the advocates of clerical celibacy were able to triumph culturally in spite of the challenges to their ideals that the existence of these children presented.

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Beers, Erik A., James N. Roemmich, Leonard H. Epstein, and Peter J. Horvath. "Increasing passive energy expenditure during clerical work." European Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 3 (March 20, 2008): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0713-y.

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Siegel, Stanley J., and Rudy Banzon. "New Forms Reduce Clerical Workload for Transfusion Requisitions." Hospital Topics 64, no. 4 (August 1986): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00185868.1986.9950523.

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Houston, R. A. "Clergy and the Care of the Insane in Eighteenth-Century Britain." Church History 73, no. 1 (March 2004): 114–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700097857.

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Writers on seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England have stressed the significance of doctors and clergy in the provision of residential care for the better-off mad person. “The private madhouse trade in fact started with the practice of doctors taking private patients into their homes.” So wrote Macalpine and Hunter. According to William Parry-Jones, English “lunatics from the more affluent classes were cared for individually, often in the custody of medical men or clergymen.” The two professions commonly overlapped, meaning that clerics could provide medical care. Andrew Mason has written enthusiastically that “towards the end of the seventeenth-century, so-called ‘clerical mad doctors’ abounded.” As educated men working in an occupation with few barriers to entry, English clergy could “readily take up medicine,” which was just one element of the burgeoning eighteenth-century market place. “Those entering the madbusiness were drawn from … clergymen, both orthodox and non-conformist, businessmen, widows, surgeons, speculators, and physicians.”

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Dundon, Stanislaus J. "Prudent Policy Formation for Minimizing Clerical Child Sexual Abuse." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 13, no. 2 (2013): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq201313251.

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Ryan, Lawrence V., and Fiona Somerset. "Clerical Discourse and Lay Audience in Late Medieval England." Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 31, no. 4 (1999): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4053131.

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Alexander S., Madzharov. "Clerical-Protective Direction in the Russian Historiography of the Old Believers of the 1850s: the Structure of Historical Research." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 3 (June 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-24-33.

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Understanding the historiography of the old believers depends on the level of development of the history of historical science, the development of its categorical apparatus. The lack of clarity of the research structure leads to uncertainty in terminology, in the description of scientific achievements and dead ends. The key historical works (historiographical facts) that defined the face of the science of their time are arbitrarily deleted from the literature, and the directions and stages of historiography are “erased”. The purpose of this work is to study the internal form and structure of clerical-protective historical research of old believers in the Russian literature of the 1850s: value, spatial, source ‒ study, vector relations of the author to the object of research; a set of concepts that reveal the “mechanism” of explaining old believers; ways to gain knowledge about the split mediated by this structure. The analysis showed that the clerical ideological position expressed in the works of historians of this direction focused on the defense of the “new rite”. It led to a narrowing of the subject of research, limiting it to “opinions” and facts of the statement of schism, which produced the purpose of research ‒ the “exposure” of schismatics and the moral-scholastic method of achieving it and pushed us to use a set of accusatory concepts in explaining the phenomenon under study. It became a barrier to the knowledge of anti-Church protest by the middle of the 19th century. The fact of the practical failure of the clerical doctrine, which was a consequence of its cognitive limitations, was also realized by the bearers of the accusatory tradition themselves. The question of the reasons for the emergence and development of the old believers has become relevant again. A new answer to this question in the late 1850s ‒ early 1860s was given by the historian Afanasiy Prokopyevich Shchapov (1831–1876), who radically changed the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study. Keywords: historiography of the old believers, clerical-protective direction, structure of historical research, historiographical fact, direction, stage

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Hall, Joanne M., Patricia E. Stevens, and Afaf Ibrahim Meleis. "Experiences of Women Clerical Workers in Patient Care Areas." JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration 22, no. 5 (May 1992): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005110-199205000-00005.

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Meleis, Afaf Ibrahim, and Patricia E. Stevens. "Women in Clerical Jobs: Spousal Role Satisfaction, Stress, and Coping." Women & Health 18, no. 1 (April 27, 1992): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j013v18n01_02.

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Stevenson-Moessner, Jeanne. "Organicity and Pastoral Care: Theological Interrelationships." Journal of Pastoral Care 50, no. 4 (December 1996): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234099605000405.

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Reconsiders the “clerical paradigm” attributed to Friedrich Schleiermacher, along with his discarded image of the organic unity of theological disciplines. Uses a case study from the writings of Helen Flanders Dunbar to illustrate this organic unity and potential for discourse from a feminist pastoral theological perspective.

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Toodayan, Nadeem. "A touch of divinity: The example of Reverend William Arthur Johnson (1816–1880)." Journal of Medical Biography 26, no. 2 (February 6, 2018): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772017747807.

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Except if it be in the shadow of his worshipful student William Osler (1849–1919), the life of Reverend William Arthur Johnson (1816–1880), a 19th century English-Canadian clerical naturalist, teacher, and early mentor to ‘the Father of Modern Medicine’, has escaped special scrutiny over the years. Written in commemoration of his 200th birthday, this recollection will aim to more purposefully categorise what is currently known of Johnson’s life and work, not only in his important relations to the revered Osler, but also in the context of his own personal achievements, life story, and legacy.

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De Boer, Wietse. "Professionalization and Clerical Identity: Notes On the Early Modern Catholic Priest." Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 85, no. 1 (2005): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607505x00227.

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AbstractThis contribution critiques the current practice of studying the early modern Catholic clergy within the parameters of confessionalization and professionalization theories. Measuring the features of the early modern priest with the standards of the institutional reforms to which he was subjected, is an inevitably reductive operation. Once we take the perspective of the priest and study his career from a variety of angles (including family, education, economic opportunities, and career choices), his cultural profile may prove to be the far more complex outcome of often competing forces. Personal memoirs, such as the diary of Girolamo Magni, parish priest of Popiglio (Pistoia), arc especially helpful for the study of priests' careers and identity.

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Ferguson, A., J. Murchison, and J. R. Barton. "Coding of clinical diagnoses. Clerical and medical errors contribute to inaccuracy." BMJ 306, no. 6891 (June 5, 1993): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.306.6891.1541-a.

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Webster, Joan D., Gillian Welsh, and J. S. Garrow. "Description of a human direct calorimeter, with a note on the energy cost of clerical work." British Journal of Nutrition 55, no. 1 (January 1986): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860003.

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1. A heat-sink calorimeter, suitable for the measurement of energy expenditure in human subjects over periods up to 26 h, is described.2. The performance of the calorimeter is illustrated by a study of four normal subjects at rest or performing clerical work for a period of 7.5 h. Each condition was measured in duplicate in each subject. On the resting days the subjects were recumbent, and on the working days they were seated throughout the measurement period. Heart rate was monitored by infra-red telemetry and physical activity by an ultrasound movement detector. Urinary cortisol excretion was also measured as an indicator of stress.3. In each subject the mean heat loss on working days was higher than that on resting days: the increase ranged from 5.1 % to 16.7, with a mean value of 10.0% (P = 0.015). There was no significant difference between resting and working days in heart rate, physical activity or urinary cortisol excretion.4. The present study confirms that tiring clerical work has very little effect on 24 h energy expenditure.

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Gerber, Amanda J. ""As olde bookes maken us memorie”: Chaucer and the Clerical Commentary Tradition." Florilegium 29, no. 1 (January 2012): 171–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.29.007.

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Lowe, Ben. "Religious Wars and the “Common Peace”: Anglican Anti-War Sentiment in Elizabethan England." Albion 28, no. 3 (1996): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4052170.

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The “age of religious wars” usually serves as the main interpretive framework for students of late sixteenth-century European history. This period is often conceptualized as just preceding the establishment of a secularized, politique-based state system that provided domestic tranquility as welcome relief from extended, highly partisan warfare. It is true that religious sentiments ran high among certain Protestants and Catholics who believed millions of souls were at stake, and that passionate defenses of doctrinal purity, to the point of taking up arms, characterize a good deal of the polemic of the age. Consequently, since prominent clerics were most vocal and influential in stirring up pious fervor for holy causes, many historians have focused on clerical martial rhetoric and found in it the ideological basis for the “religious wars” that ensued. Unfortunately, a hint of teleology informs much of the historical narrative that then follows, as if confessional devotion were synonymous with volatile, even bellicose calls for godly reform. A broader, more nuanced look at some of the pertinent sources, however, suggests that in many, perhaps even the majority, of cases, newly energized evangelicals found holy causes abhorrent and contrary to the gospel message.

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Khattak, Afraseyab, and Muhammad Adnan. "Impact of Training on Office Staff Performance: Mediating Role of Satisfaction and Motivation." Global Management Sciences Review II, no. I (December 30, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2017(ii-i).01.

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The achievements and success of any organization depends on the standard of its human resources. Training programs is a powerful tool between the practices of Human resource management that help to develop skill and knowledge of the staff in an institution. This research study examines that the impact of training on office staff performance on clerical staff performance in a higher education institution in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Moreover, the study also finds whether S and WM mediate the relationship among training and office staff performance. Through the analysis of 108 responses of selected sample of clerical staff; its shows that there is a strong and significant relationship between training and office staff performance. The result of the regression analysis shows that there is a positive impact of training on performance of office staff. The results of the mediation analysis suggest that the training and office staff performance is mediated by both possible mediator's satisfaction and work motivation. The data were obtained from this research, can be used for Human resource departments to more understand and identify the importance of training practices for the office staff in higher institution. Due to this, it can help the education institutions to enhance their staff performance by improving their job skill and knowledge.

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Wipf, Joyce E., Stephan D. Fihn, Catherine M. Callahan, and Cathy M. Phillips. "How residents spend their time in clinic and the effects of clerical support." Journal of General Internal Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 1994): 694–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02599013.

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Hume, Frank, and Kay Wilhelm. "Career Choice and Experience of Distress Amongst Interns: A Survey of New South Wales Internship 1987–1990." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 28, no. 2 (June 1994): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048679409075646.

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Successive cohorts of interns assigned to a Sydney teaching hospital since 1987 were interviewed at the beginning and end of their intern year to document factors influencing career choice and psychological morbidity, with comparisons between the graduates of the three NSW medical faculties. Intellectual challenge and altruism were the two most reported motivating factors in choosing Medicine. Many interns expressed regret at their career choice. Apart from anger, self-reported psychological morbidity during internship was low. Interns' evaluation of the relevance of their undergraduate training declined during internship, except for Newcastle graduates. Increased “hands on” clinical experience during undergraduate years, career guidance, assertive-ness training, and time management skills should be included in the undergraduate curriculum. More registrar teaching, frequent performance feedback, regular grievance sessions and decreased clerical activities contribute to more enriching intern experiences.

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Kenis, Leo. "Movements Toward Renewal: the Belgian Church and the Improvement of Clerical Education 1830-50." Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 83, no. 1 (2003): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607502x00239.

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Christman, Robert J. "Competing Clerical Efforts To Secure Lay Support in the Flacian Controversy Over Original Sin." Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 85, no. 1 (2005): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607505x00137.

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AbstractIn the decades following Luther's death, adherents of the Wittenberg Reformation fought amongst themselves over how to define the reformer's theology. Often such struggles pitted Philippists against Gnesio-Lutherans, but sometimes the controversies took place within these groups themselves. The following article examines the Flacian controversy over original sin as it split the Gnesio-Lutheran pastorate of the central German county of Mansfeld. Rather than focusing on the content of the debate, this study analyzes the two distinct approaches to the laity taken by the pastors on each side of the divide. One side endeavored to present the doctrinal complexities of the disagreement to the parishioners; the other attempted to shield the laity from the intricacies of the dispute. It was, therefore, not only a theological disagreement that divided the pastors, but two distinct and competing visions of ecclesiology and the role of the laity in the church.

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Ahokas, Minna. "Bringing Light to Finland: The Clerical Estate and Enlightenment Literature in Eighteenth-Century Finland." Library History 24, no. 4 (December 2008): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174581608x381567.

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Solimeo, Samantha L., Sarah S. Ono, Kenda R. Stewart, Michelle A. Lampman, Gary E. Rosenthal, and Greg L. Stewart. "Gatekeepers as Care Providers: The Care Work of Patient-centered Medical Home Clerical Staff." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 31, no. 1 (March 28, 2016): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maq.12281.

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Johnson, Jocelyn. "Female Clerical Workers' Perceived Work and Nonwork Stress and Dissatisfaction as Predictors of Psychological Distress." Women & Health 15, no. 4 (January 8, 1990): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j013v15n04_03.

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Richmond, Stephen, Elizabeth A. Turbill, and Mary Andrews. "Calibration of Non-dental and Dental Personnel in the Use of the PAR Index." British Journal of Orthodontics 20, no. 3 (August 1993): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.20.3.231.

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Training and calibration in use of the PAR Index was given to a number of clerical staff and dental advisers at the Dental Practice Board of England and Wales. The results show that it is possible to teach non-dentally trained personnel to apply this index to a high degree of reliability and they could, therefore, be trained to measure occlusal changes produced by orthodontic treatment, both for third party payment agencies, and for internal or regional audit programmes. Application of indices by non-dental staff would not only be more economical on clinical time, but should augment the objectivity and impartiality of the index.

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Krzyżyk, Danuta. "Knowledge of Selected Rules Concerning Religious Vocabulary Spelling Represented by Pastoral Theology Students and Polish Philology Students." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio N – Educatio Nova 6 (September 22, 2021): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/en.2021.6.207-228.

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The article presents the results of author’s empirical studies on orthographic skills represented by pastoral theology students and the Polish philology students. The former were the students of six clerical seminaries in Bialystok, Olsztyn, Opole, Katowice, Krakow and Wroclaw, and the latter belonged to Polish teacher training section. The subject of the study was the spelling of religious vocabulary (the use of block and lower capitals). There were indicated the rules that appear to be the most difficult for the respondents, and the level of their orthographic skills was determined. In conclusion, the postulates that resulted from the analysis of the language material collected during the studies, were formulated.

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Harper, Gillian. "Linkage of Maternity Hospital Episode Statistics data to birth registration and notification records for births in England 2005–2014: Quality assurance of linkage of routine data for singleton and multiple births." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e017898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017898.

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ObjectivesTo quality assure a Trusted Third Party linked data set to prepare it for analysis.SettingBirth registration and notification records from the Office for National Statistics for all births in England 2005–2014 linked to Maternity Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) delivery records by NHS Digital using mothers’ identifiers.ParticipantsAll 6 676 912 births that occurred in England from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2014.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEvery link between a registered birth and an HES delivery record for the study period was categorised as either the same baby or a different baby to the same mother, or as a wrong link, by comparing common baby data items and valid values in key fields with stepwise deterministic rules. Rates of preserved and discarded links were calculated and which features were more common in each group were assessed.ResultsNinety-eight per cent of births originally linked to HES were left with one preserved link. The majority of discarded links were due to duplicate HES delivery records. Of the 4854 discarded links categorised as wrong links, clerical checks found 85% were false-positives links, 13% were quality assurance false negatives and 2% were undeterminable. Births linked using a less reliable stage of the linkage algorithm, births at home and in the London region, and with birth weight or gestational age values missing in HES were more likely to have all links discarded.ConclusionsLinkage error, data quality issues, and false negatives in the quality assurance procedure were uncovered. The procedure could be improved by allowing for transposition in date fields, and more discrimination between missing and differing values. The availability of identifiers in the datasets supported clerical checking. Other research using Trusted Third Party linkage should not assume the linked dataset is error-free or optimised for their analysis, and allow sufficient resources for this.

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Hoornaert, Eduardo. "Futuro das CEBs." Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 51, no. 201 (March 31, 1991): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v51i201.2997.

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Trinta anos atrás, em 1961, José Comblin publicou pelas “Éditions Universitaires” de Paris um pequeno ensaio intitulado: “Échec de l’Action Catholique?” (Fracasso da Ação Católica?). Na época o livro foi considerado polêmico demais e sobretudo por demais pessimista, especificamente nos ambientes ligados à Ação Católica, que então reunia a esquerda da igreja católica. A tese do livro era bem simples: desde o fim da Idade Média a igreja perdeu seu élan propriamente missionário e só conseguiu articular projetos no sentido de se preservar a si mesma, de guardar sobre os povos a supremacia que herdou da mesma Idade Média. Ela não conseguia mais ser um fermento no mundo leigo, estava encapsulada no sistema clerical abrangente...

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Long, Bonita C. "Coping with workplace stress: A multiple-group comparison of female managers and clerical workers." Journal of Counseling Psychology 45, no. 1 (1998): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.45.1.65.

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O'Banion, Patrick J. ""A Priest Who Appears Good": Manuals of Confession and the Construction of Clerical Identity in Early Modern Spain." Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 85, no. 1 (2005): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607505x00209.

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AbstractLike the Eucharist, the Roman Catholic sacrament of penance, particularly the practice of frequent private confession, became an increasingly important element of lay religious devotion in early modern Catholic Europe. Historians often view this development as part of a larger clerical attempt to impose a somber and uniform institutional piety upon traditional forms of folk Catholicism. Through a close reading of early modern Spanish manuals of confession and related sources, this article argues that the relationship between confessor and penitent more closely resembled a complicated series of dialogues and negotiations than a unilaterally imposed religious settlement. While confession was conducted within a stable and hierarchically ordered framework, significant checks existed that limited the undue exercise of priestly power and gave agency and influence to laypeople.

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Mitrovic, Zorica, Ljiljana Markovic, and Maja Nenadovic. "St. Luke and his cult as holy healer of the Serbs." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 132, no. 9-10 (2004): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0410364m.

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Most school doctors, who lived in the period of Early Christianity from 1st to 4th century A.D. and who were canonized saints, have been known, up to these days, among people and in scientific and medical circles as Holy Healers. It is understood that only exclusively educated medical experts, trained to heal professionally and prepare medicines are considered Holy Healers. Out of all Holy Healers, St. Kosma and Damian, St. Panteleimon, St. Luke, etc., are highly respected by our people. St. Luke (1st century A.D.) is specially honored by Serbian nation. His relics were taken to Smederevo in 1453 and then the town became ?the place of many cures and new healing spot". Out of these relics, only the foot of St. Luke was preserved in a very good condition and it remained in the possession of the Serbian Orthodox Church. In old documents written in old Greek and clerical-slavic language, St. Luke is glorified as ?reliable doctor both for soul and body..." St. Luke is respected as a protector of medicine and pharmacy, doctors and pharmacists, and patients, as well as many families (family patron of the Serbs), even of the whole regions. Many chemist's shops and hospitals are named by this Saint, what is the confirmation that his cult and recognition of his personality and his work are still present in our milieu. This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/SARH1010674U">10.2298/SARH1010674U</a>

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Sullivan, Katherine M. "But Doctor, I Still Have Both Feet! Remedial Problems Faced by Victims of Medical Identity Theft." American Journal of Law & Medicine 35, no. 4 (December 2009): 651–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880903500406.

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When Lind Weaver starting receiving collections demands for a foot amputation she never had, she assumed it was a clerical error. Unfortunately, the operation had been performed on someone pretending to be Weaver, causing Weaver's medical history to become entangled in the thief’s. Media reports about identity theft show Weaver's experience is far from unique. For example, a Chicago man was arrested after using his friend's identity to obtain $350,000 worth of cardiovascular surgery at a local hospital. Hackers broke into the medical records of thousands of University of California students. A staff member left a laptop containing records of patients of a local AIDS clinic on Boston public transportation.

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Ivanov, Vitaly A. "Reasons for Refusing Employees of Civil Institutions of the Kaluga Gubernia in Receiving Class Ranks in 1849–54: Based on Materials of Short Records of Service." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2021): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-2-356-366.

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In the article draws on the complex of short records of service of officials and clerical servants of various departments revealed in the State Archive of the Kaluga Region and introduced into scientific use, to establish reasons for refusing local government officials in receiving class ranks. It is to be noted that during the reign of Nicholas I, when producing class ranks, it was necessary to take into account not only the length of service in the previous rank, but also to maintain strict adherence to other legislative norms: i.e. correspondence of rank to class of the position held, positive review of the superiors, correct compilation and timely submission of the award documentation. Analysis of retrospective information contained in short records of the employees of gubernia, uezd, and town institutions reveals real reasons for rejecting petitions for awarding class ranks to the employees of the Kaluga institutions in 1849–54. For the most part, it was due to failure to comply with elementary rules of clerical work: not including all necessary information in formal and short records, incorrect paperwork. It was also in no small part due to violation of established deadlines for receiving official documents from the employees themselves or to absence of some documents. The study has registered no cases of refusal of requests for promotion to class rank bypassing the most important requirement of the legislator – production to the rank according to the class of position. The author believes that the heads of institutions, prior to allowing the awarding of employees with class rank, established how it would correspond to the class of their post and whether or not it would conflict with the current rules. It may be concluded that the legislation of Nicholas I in rank promotion in the daily practice of local institutions in the late 1840s – first half of the 1850s was well observed, reasoning from formal documentary and partly legal requirements, without taking into account other factors that played an important role in this case.

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García Ruíz, Jesús. "Antropología del barroco III. Instituciones, doctrina y ascetismo barroco en las cofradías." Revista de Antropología y Sociología: Virajes 19, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 225–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/rasv.2017.19.2.12.

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El barroco, época en la que el absolutismo cohabita con el siglo de las Luces, es considerado como el último gran estilo europeo. El teatro, el ceremonial y las fiestas de la corte no son únicamente la expresión de la vitalidad del barroco, se presentan también como una forma muy elaborada de dominación de masas. Se trataba de “disciplinar a las instituciones” y para ellos se necesitaban reclutar nuevos actores. Se trataba de reunir y unificar las fuerzas implicadas en la batalla. Y fue el Concilio de Trento que asumió este rol. A nivel de lo local las Cofradías y Hermandades se encargaron de controlar la mano de obra y la fuerza de trabajo. En Concilio de Trento se refuerza la concepción clerical y jerárquica de la sociedad asignando al clero un rol de vigilancia.

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Thiery, Daniel E. "Plowshares and Swords: Clerical Involvement in Acts of Violence and Peacemaking in Late Medieval England,c.1400–1536." Albion 36, no. 2 (2004): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4054213.

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“My men should use their swords and bucklers…but if John Stanshaw is in one alehouse then I will be in another.”To historians of medieval and Reformation England, these lines should not be all that surprising. Throughout the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, the heyday of livery and maintenance, ritualized effrontery was in vogue among the affluent and they often employed large retinues of armed servants as signs of potency and prestige. However, it may surprise some to learn that the above statement was uttered by a priest, Geoffrey Elys, vicar of Thatcham (Berks.), around the beginning of the sixteenth century. Though the medieval Church tirelessly struggled to convince its flock of the wickedness of interpersonal aggression, its own servants were not immune to bouts of conflict and strife. As R. N. Swanson cautions in his study of parish priests, the clergy “can be considered as a group; but they were also individuals who created their own careers and had their own personal relations with their parishioners.” Indeed, the conduct of clerics in their parish communities, especially their violent conduct, can be quite baffling if one only evaluates it by the criteria of ecclesiastical proscription and fails to recognize that such proscription was just one thick strand of an intricate web of relations and expectations. In his examination of thirteenth-century parish priesthood, J. Goering has traced the transition of pastors from merely members of the village to semi-detached individuals who were compelled to abide by both village customs and the values of a more unified and doctrinally authoritative Church.

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Abou Malham, Sabina, Nassera Touati, Lara Maillet, Isabelle Gaboury, Christine Loignon, and Mylaine Breton. "What Are the Factors Influencing Implementation of Advanced Access in Family Medicine Units? A Cross-Case Comparison of Four Early Adopters in Quebec." International Journal of Family Medicine 2017 (July 10, 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1595406.

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Introduction. Advanced access is an organizational model that has shown promise in improving timely access to primary care. In Quebec, it has recently been introduced in several family medicine units (FMUs) with a teaching mission. The objectives of this paper are to analyze the principles of advanced access implemented in FMUs and to identify which factors influenced their implementation. Methods. A multiple case study of four purposefully selected FMUs was conducted. Data included document analysis and 40 semistructured interviews with health professionals and staff. Cross-case comparison and thematic analysis were performed. Results. Three out of four FMUs implemented the key principles of advanced access at various levels. One scheduling pattern was observed: 90% of open appointment slots over three- to four-week periods and 10% of prebooked appointments. Structural and organizational factors facilitated the implementation: training of staff to support change, collective leadership, and openness to change. Conversely, family physicians practicing in multiple clinical settings, lack of team resources, turnover of clerical staff, rotation of medical residents, and management capacity were reported as major barriers to implementing the model. Conclusion. Our results call for multilevel implementation strategies to improve the design of the advanced access model in academic teaching settings.

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Mukharji, Projit Bihari. "Dis-locating Subaltern Therapeutics." Asian Medicine 13, no. 1-2 (September 10, 2018): 134–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341411.

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AbstractThe article is about totka chikitsha, a particular type of subaltern therapeutics widely recognized in northern and eastern South Asia. These simple recipes often circulated through transient encounters, physical or mediatized, between strangers. During the colonial era, government employment and the traveling that it required made many Bengalis in clerical jobs particularly authoritative in totka therapeutics. Though this mode of therapy was seen as an alternative to the increasingly commoditized medical market, anticonsumerism also became a discursive frame within which certain sections of the medico-print market appropriated totkas. My discussion of the colonial history of totka therapeutics is also intended as a critique of the persistent “localism” that haunts any attempt to engage, whether academically or practically, with subaltern therapeutics. I insist that we must historicize the local, the same way we now historicize the global.

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Abdullah, A., and J. Gray. "Generating financial income following improvements in clerical ambiguity: An audit of best practice tariffs within an orthopaedic department." International Journal of Surgery 23 (November 2015): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.151.

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Tode, Sven. "Preaching Calvinism in Lutheran Danzig: Jacob Fabritius On the Pastoral Office." Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 85, no. 1 (2005): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607505x00146.

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AbstractJacob Fabritius was the director of the Danzig academy for almost 50 years and therefore determined the confessional identity of Danzig's pastors, who were recruited chiefly from the Latin school over a long period of time. At the same time, Fabritius was a champion of Calvinism in the predominantly Lutheran city of Danzig. This paper analyses Fabritius's programmatic sermon, given on October 24, 1596, in which he developed his understanding of the office and importance of the pastor, urged confessional unity amid the diversity of non-Catholics, and placed the pastors between the commune and the magistrate as apostles sent by God. Analysis of this sermon provides new insights into the relation between clerical and secular authorities and calls attention to the various ways in which sermons can be interpreted. Attention to these ways of interpretation contributes to a wider understanding of the structures of early modern society.

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Zaheer, Shahram, Liane R. Ginsburg, Hannah J. Wong, Kelly Thomson, and Lorna Bain. "Importance of safety climate, teamwork climate and demographics: understanding nurses, allied health professionals and clerical staff perceptions of patient safety." BMJ Open Quality 7, no. 4 (November 2018): e000433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000433.

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BackgroundThere is growing evidence regarding the importance of contextual factors for patient/staff outcomes and the likelihood of successfully implementing safety improvement interventions such as checklists; however, certain literature gaps still remain—for example, lack of research examining the interactive effects of safety constructs on outcomes. This study has addressed some of these gaps, together with adding to our understanding of how context influences safety.PurposeThe impact of staff perceptions of safety climate (ie, senior and supervisory leadership support for safety) and teamwork climate on a self-reported safety outcome (ie, overall perceptions of patient safety (PS)) were examined at a hospital in Southern Ontario.MethodsCross-sectional survey data were collected from nurses, allied health professionals and unit clerks working on intensive care, general medicine, mental health or emergency department.ResultsHierarchical regression analyses showed that perceptions of senior leadership (p<0.001) and teamwork (p<0.001) were significantly associated with overall perceptions of PS. A non-significant association was found between perceptions of supervisory leadership and the outcome variable. However, when staff perceived poorer senior leadership support for safety, the positive effect of supervisory leadership on overall perceptions of PS became significantly stronger (p<0.05).Practice implicationsOur results suggest that leadership support at one level (ie, supervisory) can substitute for the absence of leadership support for safety at another level (ie, senior level). While healthcare organisations should recruit into leadership roles and retain individuals who prioritise safety and possess adequate relational competencies, the field would now benefit from evidence regarding how to build leadership support for PS. Also, it is important to provide on-site workshops on topics (eg, conflict management) that can strengthen working relationships across professional and unit boundaries.

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Pettit, J. E. E. "Tao Hongjing and the Reading of Daoist Geography." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 50, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-05001006.

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This article studies ways in which Daoist writers in early medieval China represented sacred lands. It goes beyond the descriptions of Daoist sacred geography to analyze ways in which these texts were tools to disseminate new revelations about the ancient history and ownership of temple lands. It begins by looking at Han dynasty conceptions of mountains, in particular the role of individuals who were privy to the hidden, esoteric knowledge of land formations. The second part of the article focuses on the writings of the fifth century polymath Tao Hongjing. These commentaries provide valuable insight into the kinds of social exchanges that underpin the writing of Daoist geography. These writings about religious geography reflect the interests of a new clerical class of individuals who developed and recreated sacred sites on behalf of royal benefactors.

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Morris, Jodi E., and Bonita C. Long. "Female clerical workers' occupational stress: The role of person and social resources, negative affectivity, and stress appraisals." Journal of Counseling Psychology 49, no. 4 (2002): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.49.4.395.

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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Interventional Pain Management at Crossroads: The Perfect Storm Brewing for a New Decade of Challenges." Pain Physician 2;13, no. 1;2 (March 14, 2010): E111—E140. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2010/13/e111.

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The health care industry in general and care of chronic pain in particular are described as recessionproof. However, a perfect storm with a confluence of many factors and events —none of which alone is particularly devastating — is brewing and may create a catastrophic force, even in a small specialty such as interventional pain management. Multiple challenges related to interventional pain management in the current decade will include individual and group physicians, office practices, ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs), and hospital outpatient departments (HOPD). Rising health care costs are discussed on a daily basis in the United States. The critics have claimed that health outcomes are the same as or worse than those in other countries, but others have presented the evidence that the United States has the best health care system. All agree it is essential to reduce costs. Numerous factors contribute to increasing health care costs. They include administrative costs, waste, abuse, and fraud. It has been claimed the U.S. health care system wastes up to $800 billion a year. Of this, fraud accounts for approximately $200 billion a year, involving fraudulent Medicare claims, kickbacks for referrals for unnecessary services, and other scams. Administrative inefficiency and redundant paperwork accounts for 18% of health care waste, whereas medical mistakes account for $50 billion to $100 billion in unnecessary spending each year, or 11% of the total. Further, American physicians spend nearly 8 hours per week on paperwork and employ 1.66 clerical workers per doctor, more than any other country. It has been illustrated that it takes $60,000 to $88,000 per physician per year, equal to one-third of a family practitioner’s gross income, and $23 to $31 billion each year in total to interact with health insurance plans. The studies have illustrated that an average physician spends $68,274 per year communicating with insurance companies and performing other non-medical functions. For an office-based practice, the overall total in the United States is $38.7 billion, or $85,276 per physician. In the United States there are 2 types of physician payment systems: private health care and Medicare. Medicare has moved away from the Medicare Economic Index (MEI) and introduced the sustainable growth rate (SGR) formula which has led to cuts in physician payments on a yearly basis. In 2010 and beyond into the new decade, interventional pain management will see significant changes in how we practice medicine. There is focus on avoiding waste, abuse, fraud, and also cutting costs. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) and comparative effectiveness research (CER) have been introduced as cost-cutting and rationing measures, however, with biased approaches. This manuscript will analyze various issues related to interventional pain management with a critical analysis of physician payments, office facility payments, and ASC payments by various payor groups. Key words: Interventional pain management, interventional techniques, physician payment reform, ambulatory surgery center payment, hospital outpatient department payments, sustained growth rate formula, targeted growth rate formula, fraud, abuse, administrative expenses, evidence-based medicine, health care costs

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Heyd, Michael. "Medical Discourse in Religious Controversy: The Case of the Critique of “Enthusiasm” on the Eve of the Enlightenment." Science in Context 8, no. 1 (1995): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001927.

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The ArgumentMedicine is only a cultural system of its own. It also performs specific roles in the broader culture of society at large. This article examines the role of medical arguments in the critique of“enthusiasm” on the eve of the Enlightenment. The enthusiasts, who claimed to prophesy and to have direct divine inspiration, were increasingly see in the seventeenth century as melancholics. With the decline of humoral medicine, however, the account of melancholic disturbances – including enthusiasm – that was offered tended to be chemical, mechanistic, and clearly corpuscular. Protestant ministers, in adopting such an account of enthusiasm, also adopted a strict distinction between the realm of the mind (to which true prophecy belonged) and that of the body (in which they located the phenomena of enthusiasm). Such a distinctions served in turn to demarcate more specifically the limits between the clerical and medical professions. Yet in relegating the treatment of enthusiasts to the physicians, rather than seeing the enthusiasts as heretics, the ministers stood in danger of relying too much on a secular profession and secular arguments, thus paving the way to a more general secularization of the ideological basis of the social order.

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Lundsgaarde, H. P., and B. Kaplan. "Toward an Evaluation of an Integrated Clinical Imaging System: Identifying Clinical Benefits." Methods of Information in Medicine 35, no. 03 (May 1996): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634674.

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Abstract:Integrated clinical imaging systems can provide the foundation for future computer-based patient record systems as recommended by the Institute of Medicine. However, documenting the benefits of such systems is difficult. This paper reports an evaluation of a clinical imaging system that is integrated with an on-line electronic patient record. The evaluation used interviews and observations to identify what physicians thought were the benefits of this system. Reported benefits may be classified into patient care benefits, educational benefits, and productivity and cost-reduction benefits. Physicians said that the imaging system provided patient care benefits by: improving clinical communication and decision making, making care more patient-based, reducing the number of procedures and patient risks, and improving record keeping. Educational benefits they reported included: improving communication, providing broad “real” experience, and improving supervision. These benefits may be reflected in increased productivity and cost reduction by increasing time savings, reducing clerical work, improving morale, and reducing the costs of care. The approach described in this study was valuable in identifying potential benefits of a clinical information system. The findings point the way to realization of benefits for other systems, and, ultimately, for computer-based patient records.

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Holmes, Heather. "'Unwearied Investigations and Interminable Correspondence': The Churches and Clerical Work in Improving Housing Conditions for Irish Migratory Potato Workers in Scotland." Scottish Economic & Social History 20, PART_1 (January 2000): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/sesh.2000.20.part_1.31.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Medicine, Clerical'

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