Relevant bibliographies by topics / Medicine, new zealand

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Medicine, new zealand'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Medicine, new zealand"

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Taylor, Colman, and Michael Wonder. "Exploring the implications of a fixed budget for new medicines: a study of reimbursement of new medicines in Australia and New Zealand." Australian Health Review 39, no. 4 (2015): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14122.

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Objective Spending on medicines under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) represents the ninth largest expense to the Federal Government. A recent report by the Commission of Audit to the Federal Government suggested spending on the PBS is unsustainable and a capped budget, similar to New Zealand’s PHARMAC model, may be required to contain costs. The objective of the present study was to compare listing outcomes between Australia and New Zealand, thereby exploring the opportunity cost of a capped budget for new medicines. Methods Listing outcomes in Australia and New Zealand were compared through published research and an updated search of listing outcomes from publicly available information. Results Previous research has demonstrated that New Zealand listed less than half of the new medicines listed in Australia over a 10-year period (2000–09). Our research shows that most of the new medicines not listed in New Zealand during this period remain unlisted today. In the previous 12 months, Australia listed 17 new medicines on the PBS, whereas New Zealand listed only one new medicine that was not already listed in Australia. Conclusion The discrepancy in the number of new medicines listed in New Zealand compared with Australia raises questions regarding the consequences of implementing a capped budget for new medicines. However, further research is needed to understand the relationship between listing outcomes, access to medicines and health benefits for the community. What is known about this topic? Due to factors such as an aging population and longer life expectancy, total government health expenditure as a proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to rise. Consequently, many commentators have suggested current expenditure patterns are unsustainable. The PBS represents a significant expense to the government and recent reports suggest the PBS should be reformed to align with New Zealand’s PHARMAC model, where an independent entity manages access to subsidised medicines under a capped budget. However, little information exists regarding access indices for new medicines in New Zealand compared with Australia. What does this paper add? This paper builds on previously published research comparing listing outcomes for new medicines in Australia and New Zealand. The results highlight a discrepancy in listing new medicines in New Zealand compared with Australia that has not improved in recent years. Consequently, the results question the notion that a capped budget for new medicines is a good policy choice for Australia. What are the implications for practitioners? This paper reviews the current reimbursement system in Australia and compares it with New Zealand’s PHARMAC model. In addition, this paper compares listing outcomes for new medicines in Australia and New Zealand. In doing so, the results of this paper have implications for practitioners who are concerned about continued subsidised access to new medicines via the PBS, and for policy makers in relation to proposed PBS reforms. Further, our paper provides insights into PBS policy reform that may assist practitioners who are interested in commenting on any proposed reform.
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Milne, C. J. "Sports medicine in New Zealand." British Journal of Sports Medicine 26, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.26.1.22.

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Hewson, Campbell, Chong Chi Shen, Clare Strachan, and Pauline Norris. "Personal medicines storage in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 5, no. 2 (2013): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc13146.

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INTRODUCTION: Poor storage of medicines can reduce their efficacy, yet little is known about how people store medicines in their homes and elsewhere, why these locations are chosen, and whether the conditions are suitable for medicines storage. AIM: To investigate where medicines are commonly stored in New Zealand households, why, and the typical conditions – temperature and relative humidity – in those places of storage. METHODS: Data from a large qualitative study on the meanings of medicines were analysed to explore where people store medicines in their households, and why. A data logger was used to log temperature and relative humidity in common medicine storage places, such as homes and cars. RESULTS: Kitchens and bathrooms were the most commonly reported storage places, with people influenced by convenience, desire to remember to take medicines, and child safety when deciding where to store medicines. High temperatures and humidity were found in kitchens and bathrooms, extreme temperatures in a car and a backpack, and extremely low temperatures in checked-in luggage on a plane. DISCUSSION: Temperature- and humidity-sensitive medicines should not be stored long-term in common storage locations, such as kitchens and bathrooms. Conditions in these places may not comply with the recommended storage conditions given by the manufacturer. Furthermore, medicines should not be left in backpacks or cars, especially if the vehicle is in the sun. Medicines that may degrade upon freezing and thawing – such as protein-containing medicines, emulsions, suspensions and some solutions – should not be stored in the cargo hold of a plane. KEYWORDS: Drug storage; humidity; New Zealand; temperature
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Trubuhovich, R. V. "Some prehistory of New Zealand intensive care medicine." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 37, no. 1_suppl (July 2009): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x090370s105.

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In taking 1960 as the foundation year for the practice of intensive care medicine in New Zealand, this paper briefly looks into the previous two centuries for some interventions in life-threatening conditions. With the help of descriptions in early 19th century journals and books by perceptive observers, the author focuses on some beliefs and practices of the Maori people during pre-European and later times, as well as aspects of medical treatment in New Zealand for early settlers and their descendants. Dr Laurie Gluckman's book Tangiwai has proved a valuable resource for New Zealand's medical history prior to 1860, while the recent publication of his findings from the examination of coroners’ records for Auckland, 1841 to 1864, has been helpful. Drowning is highlighted as a common cause of accidental death, and consideration is given to alcohol as a factor. Following the 1893 foundation of the New Zealand Medical Journal, a limited number of its papers which are historically relevant to today's intensive care are explored: topics include tetanus, laryngeal diphtheria, direct cardiac massage, traumatic shock, thiopentone management for fitting and the ventilatory failure due to poliomyelitis.
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Emmerton, Lynne, and John Shaw. "Nonprescription Medicine Purchases in New Zealand." Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 15, no. 1 (January 2002): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/j058v15n01_09.

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Emmerton, Lynne. "Nonprescription Medicine Purchases in New Zealand." Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 15, no. 1 (September 1, 2002): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j058v15n01_09.

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Tordoff, June, Michael Bagge, Farina Ali, Samira Ahmed, Jie Ning Choong, Rowena Fu, Annie Joe, and Prasad Nishtala. "Older people's perceptions of prescription medicine costs and related costs: a pilot study in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 4 (2014): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14295.

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INTRODUCTION: Older people tend to take more medicines and prescription medicine costs may influence medicine adherence. AIM: The aim of this pilot study was to identify older people's perceptions of prescription medicine costs and related costs in four major cities across New Zealand. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to people aged 65 years and older visiting pharmacies in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin to identify their perceptions of costs relating to prescription medicines and related pharmacy and general practice services. Data were compared between cities and examined for associations between participants' views on costs and age, sex, income, ethnicity, number of medicines, and monthly cost. RESULTS: Participants (N=107) received a median of five prescription medicines (range 1–15), at a median cost of NZ$8.00 (range 0–55.30). Median part-charges for medicines only partly funded by the government were NZ$6.25 (range 0.60–100.00), and GP consultations ranged from NZ$0–60.00. Of the participants, 89 (83.2%) thought medicine costs and 63 (58.9%) thought GP consultation costs were reasonable. Participants with median monthly medicine costs of NZ$8.33–87.00 more commonly perceived medicines as expensive or very expensive (p=0.001, Fisher's exact test). DISCUSSION: Older people in this study mostly viewed their prescription medicines and related costs as reasonable; however, 17% and 41%, respectively, found medicines costs and GP consultation costs expensive. Larger, in-depth studies across New Zealand are needed to determine the sections of the population that find these costs expensive, and to explore how this might affect medicine adherence. KEYWORDS: Aged; community health services; costs and cost analysis; New Zealand; pharmaceutical preparations
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Simpson, Bryan, David Reith, Natalie Medlicott, Alesha Smith, and Murray Tilyard. "NEW ZEALAND FORMULARY FOR CHILDREN–A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL PAEDIATRIC FORMULARY DEVELOPMENT." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 1 (December 14, 2015): e1.18-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310148.25.

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BackgroundThe New Zealand Formulary for Children (NZFc) was developed to build on the New Zealand Universal List of Medicines through the addition of clinical information about medicines use in paediatrics. The structure and content of the NZFc is based on the British National Formulary for Children (BNFc) but is adapted for New Zealand practice.AimsTo adapt the BNFc to provide New Zealand healthcare professionals with information about the selection, prescribing, dispensing, and administration of medicines; to link the clinical information with subsidy and registration status of medicines; to incorporate additional resources according to local requirements.MethodsThe initial release (November, 2013) of the NZFc was adapted from the latest version of the BNFc focusing on relevance to NZ practice. The BNFc prescribing notes were reviewed by medical specialists and clinical pharmacists before review and approval by an editorial advisory board. The BNFc drug monographs were compared to New Zealand approved Medicine Datasheets (NZAMD) and tailored to reflect New Zealand approved indications and doses. The NZFc is an on-line publication provided as open access within New Zealand. When off-label uses were identified, validation was undertaken using appropriate alternate resources.ResultsThe NZFc was successfully developed and user statistics indicate that it is being utilised by the New Zealand health sector with 172796 visitors (February 2015). Also, monthly page views have steadily increased from 35944 (November 2013) to 216064 (February 2105).ConclusionThe project demonstrated that it is possible to adapt the BNFc for application in other countries.
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Coney, Sandra. "New Zealand." Lancet 333, no. 8647 (May 1989): 1128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92397-0.

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Won, Tae Joon. "British ‘Guilt’ Concerning Anglo-New Zealand Relations and the Migration of Former IRA Detainees, 1970-1977." Institute of British and American Studies 58 (June 30, 2023): 173–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.25093/ibas.2023.58.173.

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This article examines how Britain’s deteriorating relations with New Zealand in the early 1970s rendered the London government to accommodate the Wellington administration’s foreign policy decisions at the risk of exposing Britain’s contentious internal policy arrangements to the wider world. Britain’s decision in the late 1960s and early 1970s to withdraw her troops from Southeast Asia and to join the European Economic Community had a negative impact on her diplomatic relations with various Commonwealth partners, including her traditionally strong bond with New Zealand. This was evident in the increasing anti-British sentiment amongst the people of New Zealand and in the introduction of anti-British policies by the Wellington government in the early 1970s. Consequently, Britain actively sought to placate New Zealand’s feelings and to improve Anglo-New Zealand relations by agreeing to accommodate New Zealand Prime Minister Robert Muldoon’s policy of allowing former IRA detainees in Northern Ireland to emigrate to New Zealand, even though this meant that Britain’s controversial detention policy in Northern Ireland could be laid bare to global scrutiny. London’s high-risk decision to give unofficial advice to Wellington on the suitability of candidates for emigration had to be concealed in order to give the impression that the British government was not in any way involved in New Zealand’s decisions. Therefore, when questions were raised in the British Parliament over the question of London’s involvement in Muldoon’s scheme, the British government went so far as to mislead the Commons on the issue.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medicine, new zealand"

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Buck, Peter Henry. "Medicine amongst the Maoris in ancient and modern times a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medicine (N.Z.) /." Wellington, N.Z. : New Zealand Electronic Text Centre, 2007. http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-CouNouv.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New Zealand, 1910.
"Abound" is the pseudonym of Sir Peter Buck. Photocopied material. Title from title screen (viewed on 19 June 2009). Creation of machine-readable version: Planman Technologies. Conversion to TEI.2-conformant markup: Planman Technologies. Creation of digital images: Planman Technologies. Originally published in print: University of New Zealand, 1910.
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Lawrenson, Ross Alexander. "Screening for undiagnosed diabetes in rural New Zealand." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263224.

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Jakes, Daniel. "The Perceptions and Experiences of Acupuncture users: A New Zealand Perspective." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9156.

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The use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is now widespread and endeavours are increasingly being made to incorporate CAM into conventional healthcare and move towards Integrative Medicine (IM). To date research has primarily focused on the prevalence of use, and safety and efficacy of CAM; less is known about patients' experiences of and reasons for using specific therapies. While therapeutically diverse, it has been suggested that many CAM modalities share mutually referential ideologies and that people who use them may be motivated to do so by specific health beliefs. This study focuses on traditional acupuncture in a New Zealand context and investigates users' experiences and perceptions of the therapy, and discusses how personal health beliefs influence usage. A systematic review of relevant international qualitative research informed the main study, which was carried out using an interpretive phenomenological methodology (Heidegger's approach). Data was gathered from interviews with 12 participants who had recently received treatment from traditionally trained (non-biomedical) acupuncturists. Thematic analysis suggested that acupuncture was often sought for health conditions (typically of a chronic and benign nature) that are difficult to treat conventionally. Whereas initial access was primarily motivated by ineffective biomedical treatment, personal health beliefs-particularly subscription to holistic and vitalistic ideologies-often inspired more extensive and ongoing use. The therapeutic encounter was interpreted to contain many elements-other than needling-integral to treatment. Outcomes were perceived to be wide ranging, personal and necessarily subjective, and included the relief of symptoms, increased well-being, and changes to understandings and health behaviours. It is concluded that the attraction of acupuncture for patients and many of its perceived benefits lie in therapeutic components that are ultimately embedded in Chinese medicine (holistic) theories of health. A more pluralistic schema for assessing evidence may be necessary to acknowledge treatment outcomes that are meaningful to patients, and to accommodate the divergent ontologies and practice models of acupuncture, other CAMs and biomedicine. Increased interdisciplinary cooperation and communication is suggested as a means to improve patient safety and satisfaction and as a scenario for moving forward with IM.
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Anderson, Lynley Carol, and n/a. "Stress fractures : ethics and the provision of sports medicine at the elite level in New Zealand." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060911.150036.

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The provision of medical care to top-level athletes in New Zealand comes with a number of challenging ethical issues. Some of these arise out of the commercial interest present in sport that links sporting success with funding, sponsorship deals and media interest. The requirement that athletes stay at peak physical function in order to be successful can, at times, be at odds with concepts of well-being and good health. The employment structure under which doctors are engaged by teams and the employment contracts which define these relationships can be the source of divided loyalty for doctors. For example, sharing health information beyond the doctor-athlete relationship may be in line with contractual obligations, but at odds with what the athlete requests. Divided loyalties also exist when athletes wish to participate in sport despite high risk of harm. Here there is a difference between what the doctor understands as the athlete�s best interest, and the athlete�s consideration of best interest. This thesis adopts two strategies for examining the area of sports medicine in elite athletes in New Zealand. The first section utilizes qualitative research. Sixteen sports doctors were interviewed and the data analysed. The next section involves normative reflection. Here two issues (where a range of behaviours were exhibited by participants) selected from the data are considered and discussion is presented on how doctors should respond to these issues. An examination of the level of guidance offered to sports doctors from the Australasian College of Sports Physician�s Code of Ethics follows. The level of guidance offered is considered inadequate and the thesis ends with a call to attend to these concerns.
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Miles, Mary Alice, and n/a. "A critical analysis of the relationships between nursing, medicine and the government in New Zealand 1984-2001." University of Otago. Faculty of Education, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061024.145605.

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This thesis concerns an investigation of the tripartite arrangements between the government, the nursing and the medical sectors in New Zealand over the period 1984 to 2001 with a particular focus on primary health care. The start point is the commencement of the health reforms instituted by the Fourth New Zealand Labour Government of 1984. The thesis falls within a framework of critical inquiry, specifically, the methodology of depth hermeneutics (Thompson, 1990), a development of critical theory. The effects of political and economic policies and the methodologies of neo-liberal market reform are examined together with the concept of collaboration as an ideological symbolic form, typical of enterprise culture. The limitations of economic models such as public choice theory, agency theory and managerialism are examined from the point of view of government strategies and their effects on the relationships between the nursing and medical professions. The influence of American health care policies and their partial introduction into primary health care in New Zealand is traversed in some detail, together with the experiences of health reform in several other countries. Post election 1999, the thesis considers the effect of change of political direction consequent upon the election of a Labour Coalition government and concludes that the removal of the neo-liberal ethic by Labour may terminate entrepreneurial opportunities in the nursing profession. The thesis considers the effects of a change to Third Way political direction on national health care policy and on the medical and nursing professions. The data is derived from various texts and transcripts of interviews with 12 health professionals and health commentators. The histories and current relationships between the nursing and medical professions are examined in relation to their claims to be scientific discourses and it is argued that the issue of lack of recognition as a scientific discourse is at the root of nursing�s perceived inferiority to medicine. This is further expanded in a discussion at the end of the thesis where the structure of the two professions is compared and critiqued. A conclusion is drawn that a potential for action exists to remedy the deficient structure of nursing. The thesis argues that this is the major issue which maintains nursing in the primary sector in a perceived position of inferiority to medicine. The thesis also concludes that the role of government in this triangular relationship is one of manipulation to bring about necessary fundamental change in the delivery of health services at the lowest possible cost without materially strengthening the autonomy of the nursing or the medical professions.
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Muir, Lauretta, and n/a. "The impact of economic theory on the art of clinical practice : a study of science, meaning, and health." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060911.160405.

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In being philosophically based this thesis is concerned with understanding the human condition with particular reference to matters of meaning and how these find expression in systems of government and social policy. This study is based on the premise that concepts determine how the world is viewed and people use a variety of conceptual schemes to answer different classes of questions. Scientific endeavour is based in a scheme that enables questions about the material world to be answered. It cannot however answer classes of questions related to many features of human lives as its methods necessitate the development and use of abstractions and generalisations that are ill-equipped by design to determine what is important to people and what motivates and satisfies them. Therefore, the reality of any particular individual or group cannot be adequately understood in scientific terms. The thesis examines the scientific conceptual framework and minimalist abstractions of the medical model and the quasi-scientific conceptual frameworks of economics and identifies their conceptual limits. It shows that if the medical model is assumed to provide a complete representation of realities in health and is uncritically used as the basis of medical practice it has the potential to overlook the patient as a person and distance medical practice from its social roots which can lead to adverse outcomes for both clinical practice and medicine itself. It also observes that the economic scheme has conceptual limits that create their own distorted representations of reality. A similar dislocation in the meaning of people�s lives occurs when abstractions are made by adopting concepts from other schemes based in science, such as the medical model, without any awareness of their conceptual limits. Further distortions occur when these other accounts are turned into economic ones. Not only is the patient as a person overlooked, so is the patient as an entity. In light of these observations the thesis examines health reforms that have taken place in New Zealand, whereby the economic scheme has been given dominance in the development of public policy and set the parameters for rationality and what can acceptably be said. It shows that in not recognising features of meaning these parameters have led to health sector reforms that have had unintended and adverse consequences for clinical practice, as shown in the particular case of reforms of maternity services. Furthermore these reforms have severed the health sector from its social roots and moral frameworks and created barriers between it and government so that health sector problems that cannot be understood using economic parameters cannot be addressed in forums where public policy is developed.
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O'Connor, Tony. "Governing bodies : a Māori healing tradition in a bicultural state /." e-Thesis University of Auckland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2327.

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Gang, Na-Hyun. "Action research: an exploration of a music therapy student's journey of establishing a therapeutic relationship with a child with autistic spectrum disorder in music therapy : a research dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Music Therapy at New Zealand School of Music, Wellington, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1155.

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This action research project examines the researcher’s journey of establishing a therapeutic relationship with a child with autism spectrum disorder during her practicum. Children with ASD present difficulty in communication and social relationship skills. As a student in training with a limited experience, the researcher had uncertainty and low confidence with regard to her clinical and professional skills which affected her work. In this project, the researcher has examined her own process of music therapy with a child with ASD and shows how she was able to improve her practice and therefore establish meaningful and effective therapeutic relationships with this client population and obtain valuable learning through the training. The study was conducted at a dedicated therapy centre in New Zealand where the researcher was in placement. A total of seven, thirty-minute weekly individual music therapy sessions and four supervision sessions were employed. This process was adapted into the design of action cycles which involved the repeated process of planning, action and evaluation. In-depth analysis of the researcher’s work was carried out throughout the cycles, using clinical notes, journal excerpts, supervision notes and video recordings of the sessions. The findings suggest that the researcher was able to improve her practice while attempting to build a therapeutic relationship with the client. Various clinical and personal issues arose such as uncertainty about improvisation, and lack of confidence in professional skills including communicating with parents, which led to disjunction and burnout symptoms. Discussions in supervision aided in in-depth reflection of the researcher’s work as well as emotional support. The researcher could ultimately develop ‘internal supervisor’ and was able to use independent strategies to help develop her work. Implications for training include making personal therapy a compulsory course requirement, providing training on professional skills, and student support groups. Future research may investigate the effectiveness of verbal input in music therapy and the emotional stages of parents.
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Coombs, Ngaire Anne. "Health inequalities in New Zealand : an examination of mortality and hospital utilisation trends, with reference to the compression of morbidity hypothesis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/192871/.

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This thesis examines health inequalities by area-level socioeconomic deprivation, and health in later life in New Zealand. It identifies whether expansion or compression of morbidity is occurring at the end of life. It asks if overall morbidity at a population level is likely to increase or decrease in future as life expectancy increases, and if the same trend is seen for more and less deprived areas. The focus of this research is the identification and dissemination of mortality and morbidity patterns present in two large datasets, using powerful but relatively simple techniques. Large administrative datasets on morbidity and public hospital discharges in New Zealand between 1974 and 2006 are used in the analyses. The thesis consists of three papers. Each paper uses the same datasets, but addresses separate research questions using different methods. The first paper is an exploratory analysis of age-specific and age-standardised mortality and hospital bed day rates, which are used as a proxy for morbidity. The second paper explores lifetime morbidity by using period-prevalence life table functions including Hospital Utilisation Expectancies: a variation of health expectancies. The third paper uses individual record linkage between the mortality and hospital datasets to examine hospital use in the last few months of life. Hospital bed day and mortality rates declined over the time period, and convergence was seen between more and less deprived areas. Individuals at the oldest ages (80 years and over) saw little variation in hospital or mortality rates by area deprivation. Strong evidence for compression of morbidity was observed, particularly at older ages. This was in the absence of evidence for rectangularisation of the survival curve, considered by some to be a prerequisite for compression of morbidity. Rectangularisation of the survival curve would be denoted by life expectancy increases slowing, indicating the nearing of a limit to life expectancy. Instead, compression of morbidity was achieved through a decline in the severity of morbidity in the months prior to death. No evidence of a change in the point at onset of morbidity prior to death was observed. There was however some evidence that the decline in hospital utilisation prior to death (particularly for deaths at older ages) may be partly artefactual. Further research using a different measure of morbidity is required to either support or disprove this theory.
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Nugent, Graham. "The role of wild deer in the epidemiology and management of bovine tuberculosis in New Zealand." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2005. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20070212.130927/.

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The eco-epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (Tb) in wild deer (mainly red deer Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand was investigated. Bovine Tb is caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Specific aims were to clarify the likely routes of infection in deer, and to determine the status of deer as hosts of Tb, the likely rates and routes of inter- and intra-species transmission between deer and other wildlife hosts, the role of deer in spreading Tb, and the likely utility of deer as sentinels of Tb presence in wildlife. As the possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the main wildlife host of Tb, the research also included some investigation of transmission routes in possums. Patterns of infection were measured in 994 deer killed between 1993 and 2003. Tb prevalence varied between areas (range 8–36%). Few deer had generalised infection, with 21–68% of infected deer having no visible lesions, depending on the area. The retropharyngeal lymph nodes and oropharyngeal tonsils were commonly infected. No dependent fawns less than 0.75 years old were infected, indicating intra-species transmission is rare in wild deer. Where possums were not controlled, the net (cumulative) force of infection in young (1–4 y) deer was 0.10–0.24 per year in males and 0.09–0.12 per year in females, but much lower in older deer (less than 0.05 per year). Possum control reduced the net force of infection quickly, and eventually to zero. However, Tb persisted in possum-controlled areas through immigration of infected deer and, for almost a decade, through the survival of resident deer infected before possum control. Tb was lost from infected deer at an exponential rate of 0.13 per year, mostly as a result of deer recovering from infection rather than dying from it. Wild deer do die of Tb, but there was no discernible effect on age structure. The occurrence of infection in deer was not linked to the local deer or possum density at their kill sites (i.e. in their home range), but the area-wide prevalence of Tb in deer was closely correlated with Tb levels in possums, which were in turn correlated with area-wide measures of possum density. For wild deer in New Zealand, Tb is a persistent but usually inconsequential disease of the lymphatic system. It is acquired mainly by young independent deer, usually orally via the tonsils, and probably as a result of licking infected possums. Many species fed on deer carrion, including possums. Most possums encountering carrion did not feed on it, but a few fed for long periods. Other scavengers such ferrets (Mustela furo), hawks (Circus approximans), and weka (a hen-sized flightless native bird; Gallirallus australis) fed in a way that probably increased the infectivity of carrion to possums. Commercial deer hunting may have facilitated the historical establishment of Tb in possums. Scavenging (including cannibalism) and interactions with dead and dying possums are identified for the first time as potentially important routes for transmission of Tb to possums, and I develop new hypotheses involving peri- and post-mortem transmission in possums that explain many of the epidemiological patterns that are characteristic of the disease in possum. In continuous native forest, deer home range size averaged 250 hectares for six young females, and over twice that for two males. Over 90% of infected deer are likely to die within 2 km (females) or 6 km (males) of where they acquired Tb, but deer could occasionally carry Tb up to 30 km. Deer will be useful as sentinels, but only where other sentinels are rare, because the force of infection for a deer with a single infected possum in its home range is only 0.004 per year, compared to greater than 0.2 per year for deliberately released pigs. Deer are occasionally capable of initiating new cycles of infection in wildlife, but deer control is not essential to eradicate Tb from wildlife.
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Books on the topic "Medicine, new zealand"

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Blank, Robert H. New Zealand health policy: A comparativestudy. Auckland, N.Z: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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Deed, Bron. Health & environment in Aotearoa/New Zealand. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Riley, Murdoch. Māori healing and herbal: New Zealand ethnobotanical sourcebook. Paraparaumu, N.Z: Viking Sevenseas N.Z., 1994.

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David, Cole. Medical practice and professional conduct in New Zealand. 2nd ed. Auckland, NZ: School of Medicine, University of Auckland, 1987.

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Dow, Derek A. Annotated bibliography for the history of medicine & health in New Zealand. [Dunedin]: Hocken Library, University of Otago, 1994.

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Kevin, Dew, and Matheson Anna, eds. Understanding health inequalities in Aotearoa New Zealand. Dunedin, N.Z: Otago University Press, 2008.

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Tolich, Martin. The politicisation of ethics review in New Zealand. Auckland, New Zealand: Dunmore Publishing Ltd., 2015.

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John, Mayhew. Doc Mayhew: Rugby's medicine man. Auckland, N.Z: Hodder Moa Beckett, 2004.

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Goldie, William H. Maori medical lore: Notes on the causes of disease and treatment of the sick among the Maori people of New Zealand, as believed and practised in former times, together with some account of various ancient rites connected with the same. [Auckland, N.Z.?]: Southern Reprints, 1998.

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New Zealand. Office of the Auditor-General. Report of the Controller and Auditor-General: Pharmaceutical Management Agency : changes to the frequency of medicine dispensing. Wellington: Office of the Auditor-General, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Medicine, new zealand"

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Worthington, Roger, Richard Hays, Andy Wearn, and Jim McKillop. "Australia and New Zealand." In Practical Professionalism in Medicine, 127–70. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781908911148-9.

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Fahey, M. "Disaster Management in New Zealand." In Emergency and Disaster Medicine, 109–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69262-8_21.

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QC, Bruce Corkill. "No Fault Compensation: The New Zealand Experience." In Legal and Forensic Medicine, 661–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32338-6_122.

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Cope, Rhian B. "Regulation of Nutraceuticals in Australia and New Zealand." In Nutraceuticals in Veterinary Medicine, 823–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04624-8_61.

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Barnett-Davidson, Margaret. "Legal Framework for Nursing Practice in New Zealand." In Legal and Forensic Medicine, 405–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32338-6_126.

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Hodson QC, Christopher John. "Medical Law in Common Law Jurisdictions (New Zealand) (No-fault)." In Legal and Forensic Medicine, 677–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32338-6_140.

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Dalley, D. R. "The New Zealand Association of Musculo Skeletal Medicine — postgraduate courses for doctors." In Back Pain, 316–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2165-8_40.

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Morton, Susan M. B. "Growing Up in New Zealand: A Prebirth Cohort Study of Child Wellbeing and Development." In Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 117–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2194-8_7.

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Mpofu, Charles. "Professional Doctorates in Psychology and Medicine in New Zealand and Australia: Context of Development and Characteristics." In International Perspectives on Designing Professional Practice Doctorates, 23–61. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137527066_3.

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Neha, Kumari, Faraat Ali, Gaurav Pratap Singh Jadaun, and Yayra Timothy Tuani. "Regulations in Australia and New Zealand." In Global Regulations of Medicinal, Pharmaceutical, and Food Products, 102–14. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003296492-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Medicine, new zealand"

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Ai, Lisong, Fei Yu, and Tzung K. Hsiai. "Real-time detection of pre-atherosclerotic lesions in New Zealand White rabbits." In 2010 International Conference on Systems in Medicine and Biology (ICSMB). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmb.2010.5735338.

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Im, Jae J., Charles S. Lessard, E. Murl Bailey, Larry B. Christensen, and William A. Hyman. "Evaluation of auditory evoked potentials in white New Zealand rabbits with simulated subdural hematoma and increased intracranial pressure." In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5761551.

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Imi, Lessardi, Baileyz, Christensen, and Hymani. "Evaluation Of Auditory Evoked Potentials In White New Zealand Rabbits With Simulated Subdural Hematoma And Increased Intracranial Pressure." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.592767.

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Clark, Megan. "The Effect of Context on the Teaching of Statistics ar First Year University Level." In Proceedings of the First Scientific Meeting of the IASE. International Association for Statistical Education, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.93204.

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Abstract:
Clack (1993b) has described how to Victoria University in New Zealand there are two different but essentially equivalent (with respect to level of difficulty and statistical content) first year statistics courses. These courses are: STAT131 Data and Probability- the course recommended for students majoring in mathematics, physics, chemistry, computer science and engineering; and STAT193 Statistics for the Natural and Social Sciences- suggested for those majoring in biological sciences, social sciences and medicine.
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Lee, GJ, YS Lee, SH Kim, and DS Kim. "New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonoides) as a functional food alternative for anti-obesity and anti-hyperuricemia." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400426.

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Reports on the topic "Medicine, new zealand"

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Danzon, Patricia, and Jonathan Ketcham. Reference Pricing of Pharmaceuticals for Medicare: Evidence from Germany, the Netherlands and New Zealand. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10007.

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