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1

Taylor, Colman, and Michael Wonder. "Exploring the implications of a fixed budget for new medicines: a study of reimbursement of new medicines in Australia and New Zealand." Australian Health Review 39, no. 4 (2015): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14122.

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Objective Spending on medicines under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) represents the ninth largest expense to the Federal Government. A recent report by the Commission of Audit to the Federal Government suggested spending on the PBS is unsustainable and a capped budget, similar to New Zealand’s PHARMAC model, may be required to contain costs. The objective of the present study was to compare listing outcomes between Australia and New Zealand, thereby exploring the opportunity cost of a capped budget for new medicines. Methods Listing outcomes in Australia and New Zealand were compared through published research and an updated search of listing outcomes from publicly available information. Results Previous research has demonstrated that New Zealand listed less than half of the new medicines listed in Australia over a 10-year period (2000–09). Our research shows that most of the new medicines not listed in New Zealand during this period remain unlisted today. In the previous 12 months, Australia listed 17 new medicines on the PBS, whereas New Zealand listed only one new medicine that was not already listed in Australia. Conclusion The discrepancy in the number of new medicines listed in New Zealand compared with Australia raises questions regarding the consequences of implementing a capped budget for new medicines. However, further research is needed to understand the relationship between listing outcomes, access to medicines and health benefits for the community. What is known about this topic? Due to factors such as an aging population and longer life expectancy, total government health expenditure as a proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to rise. Consequently, many commentators have suggested current expenditure patterns are unsustainable. The PBS represents a significant expense to the government and recent reports suggest the PBS should be reformed to align with New Zealand’s PHARMAC model, where an independent entity manages access to subsidised medicines under a capped budget. However, little information exists regarding access indices for new medicines in New Zealand compared with Australia. What does this paper add? This paper builds on previously published research comparing listing outcomes for new medicines in Australia and New Zealand. The results highlight a discrepancy in listing new medicines in New Zealand compared with Australia that has not improved in recent years. Consequently, the results question the notion that a capped budget for new medicines is a good policy choice for Australia. What are the implications for practitioners? This paper reviews the current reimbursement system in Australia and compares it with New Zealand’s PHARMAC model. In addition, this paper compares listing outcomes for new medicines in Australia and New Zealand. In doing so, the results of this paper have implications for practitioners who are concerned about continued subsidised access to new medicines via the PBS, and for policy makers in relation to proposed PBS reforms. Further, our paper provides insights into PBS policy reform that may assist practitioners who are interested in commenting on any proposed reform.
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Milne, C. J. "Sports medicine in New Zealand." British Journal of Sports Medicine 26, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.26.1.22.

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Hewson, Campbell, Chong Chi Shen, Clare Strachan, and Pauline Norris. "Personal medicines storage in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 5, no. 2 (2013): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc13146.

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INTRODUCTION: Poor storage of medicines can reduce their efficacy, yet little is known about how people store medicines in their homes and elsewhere, why these locations are chosen, and whether the conditions are suitable for medicines storage. AIM: To investigate where medicines are commonly stored in New Zealand households, why, and the typical conditions – temperature and relative humidity – in those places of storage. METHODS: Data from a large qualitative study on the meanings of medicines were analysed to explore where people store medicines in their households, and why. A data logger was used to log temperature and relative humidity in common medicine storage places, such as homes and cars. RESULTS: Kitchens and bathrooms were the most commonly reported storage places, with people influenced by convenience, desire to remember to take medicines, and child safety when deciding where to store medicines. High temperatures and humidity were found in kitchens and bathrooms, extreme temperatures in a car and a backpack, and extremely low temperatures in checked-in luggage on a plane. DISCUSSION: Temperature- and humidity-sensitive medicines should not be stored long-term in common storage locations, such as kitchens and bathrooms. Conditions in these places may not comply with the recommended storage conditions given by the manufacturer. Furthermore, medicines should not be left in backpacks or cars, especially if the vehicle is in the sun. Medicines that may degrade upon freezing and thawing – such as protein-containing medicines, emulsions, suspensions and some solutions – should not be stored in the cargo hold of a plane. KEYWORDS: Drug storage; humidity; New Zealand; temperature
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Trubuhovich, R. V. "Some prehistory of New Zealand intensive care medicine." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 37, no. 1_suppl (July 2009): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x090370s105.

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In taking 1960 as the foundation year for the practice of intensive care medicine in New Zealand, this paper briefly looks into the previous two centuries for some interventions in life-threatening conditions. With the help of descriptions in early 19th century journals and books by perceptive observers, the author focuses on some beliefs and practices of the Maori people during pre-European and later times, as well as aspects of medical treatment in New Zealand for early settlers and their descendants. Dr Laurie Gluckman's book Tangiwai has proved a valuable resource for New Zealand's medical history prior to 1860, while the recent publication of his findings from the examination of coroners’ records for Auckland, 1841 to 1864, has been helpful. Drowning is highlighted as a common cause of accidental death, and consideration is given to alcohol as a factor. Following the 1893 foundation of the New Zealand Medical Journal, a limited number of its papers which are historically relevant to today's intensive care are explored: topics include tetanus, laryngeal diphtheria, direct cardiac massage, traumatic shock, thiopentone management for fitting and the ventilatory failure due to poliomyelitis.
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Emmerton, Lynne, and John Shaw. "Nonprescription Medicine Purchases in New Zealand." Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 15, no. 1 (January 2002): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/j058v15n01_09.

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Emmerton, Lynne. "Nonprescription Medicine Purchases in New Zealand." Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 15, no. 1 (September 1, 2002): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j058v15n01_09.

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Tordoff, June, Michael Bagge, Farina Ali, Samira Ahmed, Jie Ning Choong, Rowena Fu, Annie Joe, and Prasad Nishtala. "Older people's perceptions of prescription medicine costs and related costs: a pilot study in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 4 (2014): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14295.

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INTRODUCTION: Older people tend to take more medicines and prescription medicine costs may influence medicine adherence. AIM: The aim of this pilot study was to identify older people's perceptions of prescription medicine costs and related costs in four major cities across New Zealand. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to people aged 65 years and older visiting pharmacies in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin to identify their perceptions of costs relating to prescription medicines and related pharmacy and general practice services. Data were compared between cities and examined for associations between participants' views on costs and age, sex, income, ethnicity, number of medicines, and monthly cost. RESULTS: Participants (N=107) received a median of five prescription medicines (range 1–15), at a median cost of NZ$8.00 (range 0–55.30). Median part-charges for medicines only partly funded by the government were NZ$6.25 (range 0.60–100.00), and GP consultations ranged from NZ$0–60.00. Of the participants, 89 (83.2%) thought medicine costs and 63 (58.9%) thought GP consultation costs were reasonable. Participants with median monthly medicine costs of NZ$8.33–87.00 more commonly perceived medicines as expensive or very expensive (p=0.001, Fisher's exact test). DISCUSSION: Older people in this study mostly viewed their prescription medicines and related costs as reasonable; however, 17% and 41%, respectively, found medicines costs and GP consultation costs expensive. Larger, in-depth studies across New Zealand are needed to determine the sections of the population that find these costs expensive, and to explore how this might affect medicine adherence. KEYWORDS: Aged; community health services; costs and cost analysis; New Zealand; pharmaceutical preparations
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Simpson, Bryan, David Reith, Natalie Medlicott, Alesha Smith, and Murray Tilyard. "NEW ZEALAND FORMULARY FOR CHILDREN–A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL PAEDIATRIC FORMULARY DEVELOPMENT." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 1 (December 14, 2015): e1.18-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310148.25.

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BackgroundThe New Zealand Formulary for Children (NZFc) was developed to build on the New Zealand Universal List of Medicines through the addition of clinical information about medicines use in paediatrics. The structure and content of the NZFc is based on the British National Formulary for Children (BNFc) but is adapted for New Zealand practice.AimsTo adapt the BNFc to provide New Zealand healthcare professionals with information about the selection, prescribing, dispensing, and administration of medicines; to link the clinical information with subsidy and registration status of medicines; to incorporate additional resources according to local requirements.MethodsThe initial release (November, 2013) of the NZFc was adapted from the latest version of the BNFc focusing on relevance to NZ practice. The BNFc prescribing notes were reviewed by medical specialists and clinical pharmacists before review and approval by an editorial advisory board. The BNFc drug monographs were compared to New Zealand approved Medicine Datasheets (NZAMD) and tailored to reflect New Zealand approved indications and doses. The NZFc is an on-line publication provided as open access within New Zealand. When off-label uses were identified, validation was undertaken using appropriate alternate resources.ResultsThe NZFc was successfully developed and user statistics indicate that it is being utilised by the New Zealand health sector with 172796 visitors (February 2015). Also, monthly page views have steadily increased from 35944 (November 2013) to 216064 (February 2105).ConclusionThe project demonstrated that it is possible to adapt the BNFc for application in other countries.
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Coney, Sandra. "New Zealand." Lancet 333, no. 8647 (May 1989): 1128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)92397-0.

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Won, Tae Joon. "British ‘Guilt’ Concerning Anglo-New Zealand Relations and the Migration of Former IRA Detainees, 1970-1977." Institute of British and American Studies 58 (June 30, 2023): 173–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.25093/ibas.2023.58.173.

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This article examines how Britain’s deteriorating relations with New Zealand in the early 1970s rendered the London government to accommodate the Wellington administration’s foreign policy decisions at the risk of exposing Britain’s contentious internal policy arrangements to the wider world. Britain’s decision in the late 1960s and early 1970s to withdraw her troops from Southeast Asia and to join the European Economic Community had a negative impact on her diplomatic relations with various Commonwealth partners, including her traditionally strong bond with New Zealand. This was evident in the increasing anti-British sentiment amongst the people of New Zealand and in the introduction of anti-British policies by the Wellington government in the early 1970s. Consequently, Britain actively sought to placate New Zealand’s feelings and to improve Anglo-New Zealand relations by agreeing to accommodate New Zealand Prime Minister Robert Muldoon’s policy of allowing former IRA detainees in Northern Ireland to emigrate to New Zealand, even though this meant that Britain’s controversial detention policy in Northern Ireland could be laid bare to global scrutiny. London’s high-risk decision to give unofficial advice to Wellington on the suitability of candidates for emigration had to be concealed in order to give the impression that the British government was not in any way involved in New Zealand’s decisions. Therefore, when questions were raised in the British Parliament over the question of London’s involvement in Muldoon’s scheme, the British government went so far as to mislead the Commons on the issue.
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Ragupathy, Rajan, June Tordoff, Pauline Norris, and David Reith. "KEY INFORMANTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF HOW PHARMAC OPERATES IN NEW ZEALAND." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 28, no. 4 (October 2012): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462312000566.

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Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine key informants’ perceptions of how the New Zealand Pharmaceutical Management Agency (PHARMAC) operates in New Zealand.Methods: We carried out qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with key informants. We obtained ethics approval from the University of Otago School of Pharmacy, and all participants gave informed consent. We digitally recorded the interviews, which were then transcribed, and coded in NVivo. The data were analyzed by theme using constant comparison methods. Twenty informants who had previously published research or commentary on New Zealand's access to medicines, acted as spokespersons for interest groups, or held positions that gave them key insights into New Zealand's medicines system agreed to participate. Informants were purposefully selected to ensure a wide range of views, including five people working in medicine, four in pharmacy, three Members of Parliament from different parties, and two each from PHARMAC and the pharmaceutical industry.Results: Respondents saw PHARMAC as an organization that contained medicine costs effectively, was politically neutral, and resistant to lobbying. It enjoyed broad political support and, with extremely rare exceptions, had been allowed to carry out its functions independently regardless of who was in government. As a result of this political stability, the relationship between PHARMAC and the pharmaceutical industry has been improving.Conclusion: PHARMAC's longevity and increasing influence are largely due to political choices made to prioritize containing pharmaceutical expenditure and to respecting PHARMAC's independence. This may be difficult to replicate in other countries.
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RICE, G. W. "SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN NEW ZEALAND." Social History of Medicine 1, no. 3 (1988): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/1.3.409.

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Harper, Alan. "Laboratory Medicine Around the World: New Zealand." Laboratory Medicine 16, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/16.8.493.

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Sarkisova, Farzana, Charon Lessing, and Caroline Stretton. "Decision-making on listing new medicines for public funding in New Zealand: the case of ‘new’ type 2 diabetes medications." Journal of Primary Health Care 14, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc21122.

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Introduction New medicines for the management of type 2 diabetes became available internationally in 2005, yet only in 2018 did the first of these become available in New Zealand. Access to these new medicines in New Zealand is largely dependent on decisions made by the Pharmaceutical Management Agency (PHARMAC). Aim This study sought to describe the decision-making processes to better understand access to new medicines in New Zealand. Methods We conducted an analysis of publicly accessible information on therapeutic committee deliberations, prices of medicines and registration and formulary listing dates. Results Prices for the new diabetes medicines in New Zealand are lower than comparator countries, but access to them takes longer. Discussion Given that knowledge on efficacy, safety and quality is widely available to support decision-making on new medicines, differences in access to them between nations appears to depend on the fourth hurdle of cost. However, we suggest that a rush to market is the norm, that activities of the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies are less transparent than desirable, and that greater focus on availability of safety data is required. Deliberations of PHARMAC therapeutic committees are robust yet protracted. Opportunities to expedite decision-making, as well as resolving inequities, may be worthy of examination.
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Ma, Jin-Hee, and Young-Hyo Ahn. "Efficiency and Productivity Change Analysis of Major Seaports in New Zealand." Korean Logistics Research Association 33, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17825/klr.2023.33.3.54.

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New Zealand has a geographical position as the logistics hub of Latin America, and its logistics industry is important due to its high dependence on imports and exports. As about 90% of New Zealand's shipments are made by sea, sea transport plays a large role in national distribution of cargo as well as import and export of goods. However, as supply chains between New Zealand and China have become more tighter, the Covid pandemic has caused significant disruption to New Zealand's trade. It has also caused heavier regulation and procedures of import and export, severe lack of internal and external resources and higher volatility of global supply chain. Therefore, this study evaluated comparative operational efficiencies of 11 major ports in New Zealand by using DEA and MPI. Total equity and liabilities were selected as inputs and revenue and gross profit as outputs. It examined the current state of New Zealand ports' performance operations by evaluating port operational efficiency in 2019 and 2020 and performed trend analysis on financial productivity of 11 ports for 9 years from 2012 to 2020. This study aims to enhance competitiveness of New Zealand's logistics industry and to revitalize the main ports.
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Reid, C. S. W. "New Zealand." ILAR Journal 37, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilar.37.2.62.

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Thomson, Prudence. "Destination New Zealand." Nursing Standard 28, no. 32 (April 9, 2014): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2014.04.28.32.65.s55.

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Chapman, Beth. "New Zealand idyll." BMJ 335, no. 7612 (July 28, 2007): s34—s35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.335.7612.s34.

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MacLeod, Rod. "From New Zealand." Palliative Medicine 17, no. 2 (March 2003): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0269216303pm676op.

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Holster, Bonnie, and Matthew Castle. "Between Innovation and Precedent the Treaty of Waitangi exception clause in Aotearoa New Zealand’s free trade agreements." Policy Quarterly 18, no. 4 (November 6, 2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/pq.v18i4.8014.

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New Zealand includes a Treaty of Waitangi exception clause in all its free trade agreements. The clause aims to protect Māori interests arising from the government’s Treaty of Waitangi obligations. But despite changes to New Zealand’s trade agreements, an evolving relationship between the New Zealand government and Māori, and debate over the adequacy of the clause, the exception clause has remained unchanged for 20 years. We suggest that the reproduction the same text helps New Zealand negotiators to credibly argue that inclusion of the clause is required for domestic political reasons. Yet this textual stability also hinders innovation. At the international level, FTA partners might balk at any widening of policy discretion afforded by a revised clause. At the domestic level, revising the clause would require difficult debate over the extent of appropriate protections for Māori in New Zealand’s trade agreements. As calls to change the exception clause grow, New Zealand trade policymakers will need to carefully balance innovation and precedent.
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Maddocks, Ian. "Australian and New Zealand Society of Palliative Medicine." Medical Journal of Australia 159, no. 1 (July 1993): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb137733.x.

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Trubuhovich, R. V. "Pioneering Paediatric Intensive Care Medicine in New Zealand." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 41, no. 5 (September 2013): 655–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x1304100512.

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Landau, Lou. "Paediatric Respiratory Medicine in Australia and New Zealand." Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 11, no. 1 (March 2010): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2009.11.004.

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MACLAREN, HAMISH. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE IN NEW ZEALAND." Emergency Medicine 3 (August 26, 2009): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2026.1991.tb00748.x.

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Small, B. "Attitudes to genetic engineering and medicine: a comparison of New Zealand public and New Zealand scientists." New Biotechnology 25 (September 2009): S371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.914.

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Baker, A. B. "Genesis of the College of Intensive Care Medicine of Australia and New Zealand." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 46, no. 1_suppl (July 2018): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x180460s106.

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In 2009 the College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM) of Australia and New Zealand was inaugurated in Melbourne, Australia. This College now regulates the education, training and accreditation for specialist intensivists for Australia and New Zealand. CICM origins started in 1975 with the formation of the Section of Intensive Care of the Faculty of Anaesthetists, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS), which moved through intermediary stages as the Faculty of Intensive Care, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) when that College was formed from the former Faculty of Anaesthetists RACS, and then the Joint Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (ANZCA and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians [RACP]), until becoming completely independent as CICM in 2010. There was a period of about 40–50 years evolution from the first formations of intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand, and discussions by the personnel staffing those units amongst themselves and with Members of the Board of the Faculty of Anaesthetists RACS, to the formation of the Section of Intensive Care, then through two intermediary Faculties of Intensive Care Medicine, to the final independent formation of the College of Intensive Care Medicine of Australia and New Zealand in 2010.
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Krebs, Jörg. "New Zealand Fur Seal, Taiaroa Head, Otago Peninsula, New Zealand." Spine 28, no. 5 (March 2003): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200303010-00001.

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Clair, Rex E. Wright-St. "New Zealand Medical Biography in Mass." Journal of Medical Biography 13, no. 3 (August 2005): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777200501300312.

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A list has been prepared over many years of all medical practitioners, more than 3000, known to have been in New Zealand from 1840, when the country became a British colony, until 1930. The list includes not only those who were registered between those years, but also those qualified persons who were unregistered and those who were trained in medicine but unqualified, if they practised as doctors and were generally accepted by the public as such. Whatever information has been found on the various practitioners' life and work is given.
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Shafa, Annisa Mediana. "ANALISIS KERJASAMA AUSTRALIA DAN SELANDIA BARU DALAM ‘TRANS-TASMAN TRAVEL ARRANGEMENT’." JURNAL POLINTER : KAJIAN POLITIK DAN HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL 6, no. 1 (August 13, 2020): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/polinter.v6i1.4141.

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Australia and New Zealand's cooperation in the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement (TTTA) which was agreed in 1973 made it easier for both countries to travel freely, both for those who only wanted to travel temporarily or stay permanently. The basic fixed rules that were first introduced as the requirements for both countries to travel were the indigenous people of Australia and New Zealand or the original Australian and New Zealand passport holders. Australia has changed the TTTA rules several times by adding a number of requirements to minimize the misuse of free travel, namely exemption from checking passports to applying universal visas. After Australia;s changes, it was then followed by New Zealand's changes in the New Zealand Immigration Act. This collaboration has a large impact on both countries, namely in terms of education, social benefits, health, and others.
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Jones, Peter. "Correction to article New Zealand Emergency Medicine Network: A collaboration for acute care research in New Zealand." Emergency Medicine Australasia 27, no. 6 (November 25, 2015): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12505.

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Ndukwe, Henry C., Prasad S. Nishtala, Ting Wang, and June M. Tordoff. "Quality use of antipsychotic medicines inresidential aged care facilities in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 8, no. 4 (2016): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc15054.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Antipsychotic medicines are used regularly or when required in residential aged care facilities to treat symptoms of dementia, but have been associated with several adverse effects. AIM The aim of this study was to examine ‘quality use’ of antipsychotic medicines in residential aged care facilities in New Zealand, by surveying nurse managers. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was mailed to 318 nurse managers working in a nationally representative sample of aged care facilities. A purpose-developed, pre-tested, 22-item structured questionnaire was used to explore practice related to the quality use of antipsychotic medicines. RESULTS Overall, 31.4% of nurse managers responded to the survey. They mostly (88%) had ≥ 1 year’s relevant work experience and 83% of facilities provided care for those within the range of 21 to 100 residents. Respondents reported that staff education on dementia management occurred early in employment. Two-thirds of participants reported non-pharmacological interventions were commonly used for managing challenging behaviours, while less than half (45%) cited administering antipsychotic medicine. Respondents reported ‘managing behavioural symptoms’ (81%) as one of the main indications for antipsychotic use. Frequently identified adverse effects of antipsychotic medicines were drowsiness or sedation (64%) and falls (61%). Over 90% reported general practitioners reviewed antipsychotic use with respect to residents’ target behaviour 3-monthly, and two-thirds used an assessment tool to appraise residents’ behaviour. DISCUSSION Staff education on dementia management soon after employment and resident 3-monthly antipsychotic medicine reviews were positive findings. However, a wider use of behavioural assessment tools might improve the care of residents with dementia and the quality use of antipsychotic medicines.
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Leitch, Sharon. "New Zealand needs a Practice Based Research Network." Journal of Primary Health Care 8, no. 1 (2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc15045.

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ABSTRACT Practice Based Research Networks (PBRNs) are groups of general practices collaborating to produce research. Contemporary New Zealand health information technology systems are ideal for electronic data extraction for PBRN research. Stakeholders have a valuable, but typically underutilised, part to play in research. Development of an e-participation platform will facilitate stakeholder engagement. New Zealand is in a unique position to create an innovative, low cost, stakeholder-engaged PBRN. This type of PBRN would offer unparalleled research opportunities, and would strengthen New Zealand’s general practice research capacity. The more research information we have based on our New Zealand population, the more appropriate care we can provide. Establishing a stakeholder-engaged PBRN in New Zealand will promote and support transformational change within our health system. In June 2015 I had the privilege of attending the annual Practice Based Research Network (PBRN) Conference held in Bethesda, near Washington D.C. The conference is hosted by the North American Primary Care Research Group and the United States (US) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. In this article I draw on the knowledge I gained at that conference and discuss its translation to New Zealand.
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Norheim, Arne. "Allmennlege på New Zealand." Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 130, no. 15 (2010): 1496–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.10.0411.

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Leggat, Peter A., Marc T. M. Shaw, and Chris J. Milne. "Traveling to New Zealand." Journal of Travel Medicine 9, no. 5 (March 8, 2006): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2002.24587.

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Cooke, K. R. "Alcohol in New Zealand." BMJ 294, no. 6570 (February 21, 1987): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6570.507.

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Kelly, Jacquie, Jodee Meehan, Jackie Darmody, Donna Townsend, Barbara Arundell, Christine Chandra, and Jennifer Myers. "The New Zealand Experience." Health Information Management 26, no. 3 (September 1996): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335839602600311.

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Kisely, S. "Working in New Zealand." BMJ 315, no. 7105 (August 16, 1997): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7105.2.

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Coney, Sandra. "New Zealand: Bad blood." Lancet 341, no. 8841 (February 1993): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)90152-7.

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Coney, Sandra. "New Zealand: Youth suicide." Lancet 341, no. 8846 (March 1993): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)90439-n.

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Starling, P. "The New Zealand Wars." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 156, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-156-01-13.

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Bevan, Robert, Balasubramanian Venkatesh, and Ross Freebairn. "Intensive Care Medicine Training in Australia and New Zealand." Critical Care Medicine 43, no. 11 (November 2015): e538-e540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000001242.

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42

Challis, Daniel, Glenn Gardener, and Jan E. Dickinson. "Regionalisation of fetal medicine in Australia and New Zealand." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 53, no. 2 (April 2013): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajo.12091.

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43

Lang, Adam Edward, and Alain Braillon. "Smokefree New Zealand 2025." Chest 162, no. 2 (August 2022): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2022.02.021.

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44

Editors. "New initiatives in science teaching a welcome step." New Zealand Science Review 70, no. 4 (November 27, 2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/nzsr.v70.8697.

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​​The Government has just announced two initiatives to improve science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) teaching in New Zealand schools. The New Zealand Association of Scientists applauds this move and echoes Minister Joyce’s statement that ‘Boosting the skills and achievement of our young people in maths and science are essential for their future careers and for New Zealand’s economic growth and prosperity’. Dr Nicola Gaston, President of NZAS, said, ‘More broadly, there is a need to boost understanding of science among teachers, students, and across the whole adult population as well, as it is the nature of scientific knowledge to develop beyond what any of us once learnt at school’.There is an obvious and urgent need to advance science and technological literacy in New Zealand. Only recently, the head of Orion Healthcare described the huge shortage of technologically able workers in this country. ‘High-tech industry requires highly trained people, and the production of this capability should be recognised as a key goal of our science system’, said Dr Gaston.Recent reports detailing a fall-off in year-8 student abilities in science and writing underlines the urgent need for improvement. Dr Gaston also commented, ‘Fragmentation and uncertainty have become endemic in New Zealand science. Our government needs to recognise that their policy decisions play a role in shaping the attractiveness of a career in science. We would hope that these new education initiatives are a step towards telling our brightest young students that there are careers besides the professions of medicine and engineering, and that a science degree is the best training for the jobs of the future’.The New Zealand Association of Scientists (www.scientists.org.nz) is a nationwide association of practising research scientists spanning the universities, technical institutes, Crown research institutes, government departments, industry, museums, other science institutions, and independent researchers.
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45

Moore, M. Peter, and Helen Lunt. "Diabetes in New Zealand." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 50 (October 2000): S65—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8227(00)00181-9.

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Quinn, Fionnuala. "CAM in New Zealand." Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 11, no. 3 (September 2006): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/fact.11.3.0002.

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Haas, Lindsay, and Ernie Willoughby. "Letter from New Zealand." Practical Neurology 2, no. 4 (August 2002): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-7766.2002.00071.x.

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48

Hancox, Robert J. "Letter from New Zealand." Respirology 25, no. 11 (August 22, 2020): 1212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/resp.13931.

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Mogford, Rosie. "New ruling for Dressage New Zealand." Veterinary Record 183, no. 8 (August 31, 2018): 268.2–268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.k3698.

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50

Young, Amber, June Tordoff, Sharon Leitch, and Alesha Smith. "Patient-focused medicines information: General practitioners’ and pharmacists’ views on websites and leaflets." Health Education Journal 78, no. 3 (November 14, 2018): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896918811373.

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Objectives: To determine how often general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists recommend patients obtain information about their medicines via websites and to explore factors that might improve the delivery of written information about medicines to patients. Design: Cross-sectional surveys. Setting: GPs and community pharmacists in New Zealand primary care. Method: Questionnaires were developed and sent to a sample of pharmacists and GPs. Data were collected using SurveyMonkey® and analysed to examine views about websites and leaflets informing patients about medicines. Results: In total, 143 GPs and 126 pharmacists responded. GPs and pharmacists did not routinely direct patients to medicine information websites. Most commonly, GPs did not provide medicine information leaflets due to time constraints and concerns about possibly confusing information. Both professions thought leaflets might cause patients to worry about side-effects. Pharmacists mainly withheld leaflets because the medicine has been taken previously or because leaflet indications differed to prescribed use. A summary leaflet, if available, would be the preferred option for improving leaflet provision. Conclusion: Providing digital medicine information is uncommon in New Zealand. Summarised, relevant information tailored to patient requirements might facilitate the provision of medicines information at the point of care.
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