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1
Mazur, I. P. "History of medicine of Ukraine in ancient times: socio-religious origins of Upper Paleolithic medicine." Shidnoevropejskij zurnal vnutrisnoi ta simejnoi medicini 2020, no. 2b (2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2020.02b.097.
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The article presents historical origins and aspects of development of empirical medicineon the basis of multifactor analysis and comparison of historical events, results of archeological, climatic-geographical, paleobotanical, paleozoological, paleopathological and ethnographic researches, socio-economic activity of primitive man, his religious phenomena and beliefs. The results of archeological excavations of the Upper Paleolithic period on the territory of Ukraine are presented, which testify to the presence of “Paleolithic bath” buildings, where the treatment of wounds of hunters and diseases of members of the community was carried out. Data on the role and influence of totemmagical beliefs on the life and worldview of primitive man are presented.
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Torri, Maria Costanza. "Medicinal Plants Used in Mapuche Traditional Medicine in Araucanía, Chile: Linking Sociocultural and Religious Values with Local Heath Practices." Complementary health practice review 15, no. 3 (2010): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533210110391077.
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The vast majority of the medicinal plants in Chile have been studied from a pharmacological point of view. These studies, although giving important insights into the understanding of the Mapuche’s traditional medicine in terms of the therapeutical value of the plants, fail, however, to portray the numerous sociocultural and symbolic aspects of this form of medicine. This article aims to overcome this shortcoming by analyzing the sociocultural and religious values of medicinal plants among the Mapuche’s rural communities in Araucanía, Chile, as well as their role in traditional medicine. The methods utilized combined participant observation with individual interviews with local shamans (machi) and villagers. Data from free-list interviews and conversations with research participants were used to develop a series of semi-structured interview questions on knowledge of herbal medicines and plants. Data show that the therapeutic efficacy of Mapuche medicine is not only based on ‘‘active agents’’ but is also related to the symbolic and religious meaning attributed to the treatments by healers and patients. The article concludes that in order to fully understand the therapeutic efficacy of the plants, it is thus necessary to comprehend the sociocultural context in which they are used.
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Maiseptian, Fadil, Erna Dewita, and Jasman Jasman. "THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS EXTENDERS IN IMPROVING FAMILY RESILIENCE IN THE RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS OFFICE (KUA) PADANG CITY." Alfuad: Jurnal Sosial Keagamaan 5, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/jsk.v5i1.3208.
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The high rate of divorce, especially in West Sumatra, is an important note for religious extension workers to increase their role and quality in providing counseling. Therefore, fast and progressive action is needed to overcome this. Another phenomenon revealed from the above data is that the divorce case is dominated by the wife's lawsuit. Therefore, it takes the role of religious counselors at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) to increase family resilience. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of religious instructors in increasing family resilience in the city of Padang from physical, social, and psychological aspects. Data collection techniques used interviews and were analyzed with the Miles and Huberman models following the stages of data reduction, data display, conclusion. The role of religious counselors in increasing family resilience has been carried out quite well, although not yet maximized because the raw materials are not yet available, the methods used are only advice and lectures and have not been evaluated continuously.
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Bright, Jenny. "‘Female Nectar’: A Study of Hybridity and Gender in Contemporary Tibetan Medical Literature on Menstruation." Asian Medicine 6, no. 2 (2012): 387–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341239.
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Abstract This essay examines contemporary Tibetan medical literature that deals with menstruation, focusing on the relations among medical, religious and cultural perceptions of women and gender. Present-day medical writers present a hybrid account of menstruation, incorporating key aspects of Tibetan medicine, such as the refining processes of digestion and the red element, with biomedical knowledge, notably the role of hormones. The integration of biomedical thought by Tibetan writers works to substantiate and bolster the validity of Tibetan medical claims, rather than discredit them. Consequently, contemporary writers are able to articulate medical knowledge about women that is as much about Tibetan religious and cultural perceptions of gender and sexed-bodies, as it is ‘scientific’.
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Thaib, Erwin Jusuf, Arfan Nusi, and Suharti. "Da’wah in Multicultural Society; Struggling between Identity, Plurality and Puritanity: an Empirical Study of Cheng Hoo Mosque of Makassar, South Sulawesi." Al-Ulum 21, no. 1 (2021): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/au.v21i1.2111.
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This article focuses on research on the role of the Cheng Hoo Mosque in the multicultural da'wah movement in Makassar City and the challenges it faces. This study uses a qualitative method with a sociological and da'wah approach. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the existence of multicultural da'wah at the Cheng Hoo Mosque in Makassar City and the challenges it faces from aspects of identity, plurality, and puritanity. Data were collected through interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. The research findings show that the Cheng Hoo Mosque is a religious and cultural identity of the Chinese Muslim community in Makassar City. The challenge faced by multicultural da'wah is plurality, especially in the field of religion and religious puritanism which leads to division. The multicultural da'wah movement at Cheng Hoo Mosque is carried out with three approaches, namely non-mazhab mosques, mosques that are open to all groups, across cultures and religions, and acceptance and respect for local culture.
 Key words: Cheng Hoo Mosque, da’wah, multicultural
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Leavitt, Frank J. "Educating Nurses for Their Future Role in Bioethics." Nursing Ethics 3, no. 1 (1996): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309600300106.
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The emerging new multidisciplinary and crosscultural field of bioethics will require sen sitive, open-minded professionals to take the lead in hospital ethics, in genetic coun selling, and in the teaching of bioethics to students in nursing, medicine and the basic sciences. Nurses with ward experience who return to university to gain an MA or PhD in bioethics are eminently suited for this leadership role, for they may be more likely than physicians to study for a liberal education to supplement their professional know ledge ; their first-hand experience in nursing is an antidote to the pointless subtleties into which philosophical ethics so often degenerates. When teaching ethics to nurses one must remember that, while some will simply use this knowledge in their own clinical work, others will go on to be teachers and researchers in bioethics. Their training must therefore be broad and interdisciplinary, including real substantive philosophy (as opposed to philosophical ethics), as well as mystical bioethics, religious law, ethics of genetic counselling, clinical approaches to ethical pseudo prob lems, research skills, etc.
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Rigoli, Francesco. "The Link Between COVID-19, Anxiety, and Religious Beliefs in the United States and the United Kingdom." Journal of Religion and Health 60, no. 4 (2021): 2196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01296-5.
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AbstractResearch has shown that stress impacts on people’s religious beliefs. However, several aspects of this effect remain poorly understood, for example regarding the role of prior religiosity and stress-induced anxiety. This paper explores these aspects in the context of the recent coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). The latter has impacted dramatically on many people’s well-being; hence it can be considered a highly stressful event. Through online questionnaires administered to UK (n = 140) and USA (n = 140) citizens professing either Christian faith or no religion, this paper examines the impact of the coronavirus crisis upon common people’s religious beliefs. Anxiety about the coronavirus and prior religiosity showed an interaction effect upon change in religious beliefs (t(276) = 2.27, p = .024): for strong believers higher anxiety about coronavirus was associated with increased strengthening of religious beliefs (r = .249), while for non-believers higher anxiety about coronavirus was associated with increased scepticism towards religious beliefs (r = − .157). These observations are consistent with the notion that stress-induced anxiety enhances support for an individual’s existing ideology already embraced before a stressful event occurs. This study sheds light on the psychological and cultural implications of the coronavirus crisis, which represents one of the most serious health emergencies in recent times.
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Baldoni, Marica, Alessandra Nardi, Flavio De Angelis, Olga Rickards, and Cristina Martínez-Labarga. "How Does Diet Influence Our Lives? Evaluating the Relationship between Isotopic Signatures and Mortality Patterns in Italian Roman Imperial and Medieval Periods." Molecules 26, no. 13 (2021): 3895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133895.
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The present research investigates the relationship between dietary habits and mortality patterns in the Roman Imperial and Medieval periods. The reconstructions of population dynamics and subsistence strategies provide a fascinating source of information for understanding our history. This is particularly true given that the changes in social, economic, political, and religious aspects related to the transition from the Roman period to the Middle Ages have been widely discussed. We analyzed the isotopic and mortality patterns of 616 individuals from 18 archeological sites (the Medieval Latium sites of Colonna, Santa Severa, Allumiere, Cencelle, and 14 Medieval and Imperial funerary contexts from Rome) to compile a survivorship analysis. A semi-parametric approach was applied, suggesting variations in mortality patterns between sexes in the Roman period. Nitrogen isotopic signatures influenced mortality in both periods, showing a quadratic and a linear effect for Roman Imperial and Medieval populations, respectively. No influence of carbon isotopic signatures has been detected for Roman Imperial populations. Conversely, increased mortality risk for rising carbon isotopic values was observed in Medieval samples.
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Post, Stephen G. "Baby K: Medical Futility and the Free Exercise of Religion." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 23, no. 1 (1995): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1995.tb01326.x.
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Pediatricians provided expert testimony that, in the case of Baby K, provision of ventilator support goes beyond accepted standards of care for anencephalic infants and so is medically futile. This argument, however reasonable, does not persuade those who believe in the absolute value of even a fraction of human life. In Baby K, court records indicate that Ms. H, Baby K's mother, persistently adheres to the sanctity-of-life principle on religious grounds.While I think that quality-of-life considerations have a role in medical decision making, those who reject such considerations must be respected. This article makes the following claims, on behalf of religious dissenters: (1) the Baby K case should be interpreted in light of the freedom of religion guaranteed in the First Amendment (“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of a religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof”); (2) religious beliefs should not be trivialized in clinical ethics, even if reason, not belief, is the language of the public forum; (3) the time-honored free exercise clause (“or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ”) is essential to the American experiment in liberty and should not be overridden in the name of a concept as vague as futility; and (4) free exercise of religion deserves serious discussion in the futility debate, and significant religious accommodation must be included in any hospital or societal futility policies. In the concluding section, issues are raised regarding the balance between religious consideration and resource allocation.
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Abu-Rabia, Aref. "Infertility and Surrogacy in Islamic Society: Socio-Cultural, Psychological, Ethical, and Religious Dilemmas." Open Psychology Journal 6, no. 1 (2013): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350101306010054.
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The effects of infertility on individuals and its emotional, psychological, and social consequences are complex matters that are influenced by many variables. Research now indicates that most cases of infertility can be attributed to a physiological cause in the man or woman. Shari’a is the Islamic way of life, of which medicine is an integral part. The Prophet Muhammad provided the foundation for a medical tradition that related to human beings in their totality; the spiritual, the psychological, and the physical were considered within the context of the social milieu. The Prophet described marriage as being half of the religion, so in Islam children are considered a great and blessed gift of Allah. Despite the high prevalence of male infertility, infertility is usually considered the woman’s problem. Thus, the role of male infertility is vastly under-appreciated and even under-reported in Middle Eastern societies. Medical intervention is in keeping with the Islamic tradition; there are no religious objections in Islamic codes of ethics to an infertile couple pursuing medical treatment for infertility. This paper attempts to build a self-contained argument vis-à-vis infertility and surrogacy from Sunni-Islamic perspectives, taking into account socio-cultural and psychological aspects of this issue. It is based on primary and secondary sources, interviews with couples who have participated in these treatments, the opinions of religious leaders and healers, as well as archival and documentary material, and a review of published and unpublished materials, books, and scientific journals.
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Wastiau, Boris. "Art et Guerison: Les Rites de Possession Mahamba Lies a La Fecondite Chez Les Luv Ale Dezambie." Afrika Focus 14, no. 1 (1998): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-01401011.
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Art and Healing: The Rituals of Possession Mahamba Related to Fertility Among the Luvale of Zambia This paper deals with a number of symbolic practices and art forms that have developed within rituals of possession known as mahamba in the upper Zambezi and Kasai area. I refer mostly to the Luvale of Zambia, among whom there are numerous mahamba, variously related to serious illness, sterility, madness, failure, social alienation or other ills. Presenting alternatively aspects of ad hoc therapeutic rituals, and “social drama, to borrow V. Turner’s expression”, or of religious cults, they are performed by both men and women. Mahamba can lead to initiation into a professional cast or simply serve to restore a possessed patient's physical health or social status. As rituals that are both 'religious' and 'therapeutic', they must be considered within the broad context of cosmology and medical knowledge. Here I will discuss the transforming role of certain artefacts and performances in mahamba rituals that aim at restoring female fertility.
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Siwiec, Adam. "Wezwania lubelskich świątyń jako elementy krajobrazu sakralnego miasta." ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS PAEDAGOGICAE CRACOVIENSIS. STUDIA LINGUISTICA, no. 15 (December 11, 2020): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20831765.15.19.
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The article discusses the historical and descriptive aspects of the invocations of patron saints in the Lublin churches, in the context of the city’s space and sacral landscape. Because the dominant role in Lublin’s religious life is played by the Catholic Church, the most numerous group are the names relating to Catholicism – but not exclusively: other Christian denominations (including Eastern ones) are also represented. Churches as spatial objects belong to the city’s cultural landscape, its sacral landscape and sacred space. It is a sanctity that emerges thanks to shared meanings, communicated by means of an urban and architectural code, as well as in connection with linguistic forms qua messages concerning a given object and place. Forms of this kind are invocations of patron saints associated with places of religious cult. They have a discursive marking that results from being anchored in religious discourse; however, they can also function as elements that organize the communal life of the discourse of social memory. This article deals with Catholic patron saints. The data have been classified semantically but also with respect to the form of the names and their cultural motivation. Thanks to this, they could be correlated with specific ways of the onymic impersonation of the sacred.
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Shefer-Mossensohn, M., M. Shefer-Mossensohn, and K. Abou Hershkovitz. "Early Muslim Medicine and the Indian Context: A Reinterpretation." Medieval Encounters 19, no. 3 (2013): 274–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342139.
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Abstract The past few decades have witnessed a remarkable shift in the way scholars study the field of sciences in Muslim societies. Up to the 1980s, research focused on Muslim scientists’ role as transmitters of science to the West, and as contributors to Western science. The Muslim world was commonly viewed as a link between ancient Greece and Latin Christendom, its scholars serving as translators of Greek treatises, and as preservers of Greek knowledge. Recently, the theme of Indian-Muslim cultural-scientific relations has attracted growing attention. Following this trend, we maintain that the eighth and ninth centuries reveal an interaction between Indian and Muslim medicine and physicians. Building on the past work of scholars such as Michael W. Dols and more recently Kevin van Bladel, we reinterpret medieval Arabic sources to reveal that the interest in Asian science was not a brief and untypical phenomenon that lacked long-lasting implications. By rereading Arabic chronicles and biographical dictionaries, we will portray how a rather brief contact between ʿAbbāsid Iraq and India proved to yield enduring influences. We will focus on two aspects of Muslim medical practice for demonstrating the Indian connection: the presence of Indian physicians in Baghdād in and around the ʿAbbāsid court, and the emergence of early Muslim hospitals.
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Ikhwan, M., and Anton Jamal. "Diskursus Hukum Islam dalam Konteks Keindonesiaan: Memahami Kembali Nilai-Nilai Substantif Agama." Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 15, no. 1 (2021): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v15i1.4689.
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This paper explain the discourse of Islamic law in the Indonesian context in order to understand the substantive values of religion in national life. The development of the times raises the complexity of problems in life, including the presence of Islamic law in the nation-state, this of course requires a comprehensive discourse in order to answer each of these problems. This paper uses a qualitative research method with a narrative approach by referring to secondary sources so that it can be concluded. First, the formulation of Islamic law in Indonesia needs to be considered in terms of prioritizing the application of the noble values of religion itself (substantive). Second, the role of religion is very large in public life, hence the exclusion of religion from the private sphere or vice versa (placing religious law into the public sphere) needs to be viewed from various aspects. Third, the formalization of Islamic law in several perspectives of the Indonesian legal system is relatively difficult to materialize because of historical, ideological, sociological, political, juridical, religious and cultural considerations, both at the national and international levels.
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MUKHAMEDZHANOVNA, MUKHAMEDOVA ZAMIRA, UMIRZAKOVA NARGIZA AKMALOVNA, and MAKHMUDOVA AZIZA NUGMANOVNA. "THE UZBEK MODEL OF BIOETHICS: HISTORY AND MODERNITY." MALIM: JURNAL PENGAJIAN UMUM ASIA TENGGARA (SEA JOURNAL OF GENERAL STUDIES) 21, no. 1 (2020): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/malim-2020-2101-06.
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Modern biomedical ethics is based on a rich tradition of systematic moral thought, both philosophical and religious. In the XXI century, the interaction and synthesis of natural and humanitarian disciplines are of paramount importance in the system of biomedical education. One of the ways to solve this problem for future specialists is to study the foundations of biomedical ethics, the formation of a bioethical culture of future doctors. Among the ancient scientists of Central Asia who became famous in the field of medicine and pharmacy, a prominent place is occupied by Abuali Ibn Sino (Avicenna), whose life and work can serve as an example of national and historical identity, patriotic education of the youth of Uzbekistan. The emergence of such a phenomenon as the "Muslim Renaissance" and in this context the life and work of Avicenna, his role in the history of the development of medicine in Uzbekistan, are devoted to many, which, like others, were included in the materials of this study. A kind of bridge from ancient medicine to the medicine of the Renaissance and further to modern medicine was the legacy of doctors in Central Asia and Arab physicians. At present, the social, legal and economic aspects of ethical problems of key issues of bioethics in the field of health, medicine and biomedical technologies in the context of the Islamic faith continue to be studied.
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Scola, Letizia, Rosa Maria Giarratana, Salvatore Torre, Vincenzo Argano, Domenico Lio, and Carmela Rita Balistreri. "On the Road to Accurate Biomarkers for Cardiometabolic Diseases by Integrating Precision and Gender Medicine Approaches." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (2019): 6015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236015.
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The need to facilitate the complex management of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) has led to the detection of many biomarkers, however, there are no clear explanations of their role in the prevention, diagnosis or prognosis of these diseases. Molecules associated with disease pathways represent valid disease surrogates and well-fitted CMD biomarkers. To address this challenge, data from multi-omics types (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and nutrigenomics), from human and animal models, have become available. However, individual omics types only provide data on a small part of molecules involved in the complex CMD mechanisms, whereas, here, we propose that their integration leads to multidimensional data. Such data provide a better understanding of molecules related to CMD mechanisms and, consequently, increase the possibility of identifying well-fitted biomarkers. In addition, the application of gender medicine also helps to identify accurate biomarkers according to gender, facilitating a differential CMD management. Accordingly, the impact of gender differences in CMD pathophysiology has been widely demonstrated, where gender is referred to the complex interrelation and integration of sex (as a biological and functional marker of the human body) and psychological and cultural behavior (due to ethnical, social, and religious background). In this review, all these aspects are described and discussed, as well as potential limitations and future directions in this incipient field.
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Kowalzik, Frank, and Fred Zepp. "Risiko Impfen?" DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 144, no. 04 (2019): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0479-3756.
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AbstractSkepticism about vaccination is not new, but the perception of vaccine-related risks has changed in recent decades. In addition to aspects such as knowledge about vaccines, trust in medical care structures and political institutions, socio-economic, cultural and religious views also play an important role. These factors differ significantly worldwide and regionally. In almost all surveys, confidence in vaccines and/or the healthcare system is identified as essential for a positive vaccination decision. Confidence in vaccines correlates with the assessment of the specific individual disease risk and the potential side effects of the vaccines. Subjective perception of risk seldom corresponds to objectively measurable facts. Rather, it is distorted by individual perception in both directions (underestimation and overestimation). Transparent, science-based communication is helpful in promoting and maintaining trust in healthcare. Pediatricians and family physicians are the most important confidants for parents on questions about health care and vaccination recommendations.
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Hafidz, Muh. "The Role of Pesantren in Guarding the Islamic Moderation." INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 15, no. 1 (2021): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v15i1.117-140.
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The purpose of this study is to answer the research questions on how pesantren Al Ittihad guards the Islamic moderation inherited from the previous generation in this globalization era, what aspects of moderation are carried out and how to implement them. To answer these two research questions, the researcher used technique of data collection through interview, documentation and observation. Based on the results of documentation and interview with kyai, alumni and administrator of pesantren, it produced comprehensive information. After collecting the data, the researcher analyzes by steps, namely data reduction, data display, data verification and conclusions. There are two conclusions in this study. First, there are four types of programs run by pesantren Al Ittihad in guarding the Islamic moderation in Indonesia. First, the teaching of a classical book as a medium for the transformation of Islamic sciences. Second, the implementation of extra-educational activities and pesantren teaching in the form of speech, negotiation, ziarah kubur, yasinan, mujahadah, Al Barjanji, manaqib, and tahlil. Third, establishing formal school in the pesantren for santri and the community around it. Fourth, inviting government and community leaders who have moderate Islamic understanding. Second, the moderation carried out by pesantren Al Ittihad covers the fields of religious thought, education, Islamic rites, tolerance, politics, economics and tradition and culture
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Florian, Victor, and Mario Mikulincer. "The Impact of Death-Risk Experiences and Religiosity on the Fear of Personal Death: The Case of Israeli Soldiers in Lebanon." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 26, no. 2 (1993): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5fdn-uq53-dar8-u283.
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The current study attempts to investigate the impact of death-risk experience (life-threatening experiences of Israeli soldiers who served in Lebanon after the 1982 Lebanon War) and religiosity on the diverse aspects of the fear of personal death. One-hundred-thirty-four Israeli Jewish male participants were divided into religious and nonreligious groups, and were subdivided into three groups according to the encounter with a death-risk experience in the last three months. One group served in Lebanon and was involved in threatening activities; a second group served in Lebanon, but was not exposed to life-threatening experiences; and a third did not serve in Lebanon in this period. All the participants completed the Fear of Personal Death Scale. Results indicated that religious participants reported lower levels of fear of death than nonreligious participants. In addition, the exposure to death-risk experience produced elevated levels of fear of death only among nonreligious persons. The role of religiosity and the complex nature of the link between personal experiences and fear of death are discussed.
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Ferreira-Valente, Alexandra, Margarida Jarego, Inês Queiroz-Garcia, et al. "Prayer as a pain intervention: protocol of a systematic review of randomised controlled trials." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (2021): e047580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047580.
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BackgroundPain is a universal experience and the most common reason for seeking healthcare. Inadequate pain management negatively impacts numerous aspects of patient health. Multidisciplinary treatment programmes, including psychosocial interventions, are more useful for pain management than purely biomedical treatment alone. Recently, researchers showed increasing interest in understanding the role of spirituality/religiosity and spiritual/religious practices on pain experience, with engagement in religious practices, such as prayer, showing to positively impact pain experience in religious individuals. This systematic review will seek to summarise and integrate the existing findings from randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of prayer and prayer-based interventions on pain experience.MethodsThe systematic review procedures and its report will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Electronic searches in nine databases (Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE, SCIELO Citation Index, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trial, PsycINFO, Scopus, LILACS and Open-SIGLE) will be performed to identify randomised controlled trials of prayer-based interventions. Two independent researchers will assess studies for inclusion and extract data from each paper. Risk of bias assessment will be assessed independently by two reviewers based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement. Qualitative synthesis of the body of research will be conducted using a narrative summary synthesis method. Meta-analysis will be limited to studies reporting on the same primary outcome. Formal searches are planned to start in June 2021. The final report is anticipated to be completed by September 2021.DiscussionFindings will be useful to (1) understand the condition of our knowledge in this field and (2) provide evidence for prayer effectiveness in reducing pain intensity and pain-related stress and increasing pain tolerance in adults experiencing acute or chronic pain.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020221733.
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Hoosen, Mujeeb, Nicolette Vanessa Roman, and Thuli Godfrey Mthembu. "The role of spirituality and spiritual care in complementary and alternative medicine: A scoping review." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 20, no. 4 (2021): 714–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v20i4.54125.
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Background: Spirituality has become more prevalent in health professions other than complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). In CAM, spirituality appears to be part of a foundational component of the clinical practice, which is valued by many patients. Spirituality has gained popularity in healthcare education and practice; however, the contribution made by CAM remains minimal evidenced by the paucity of studies on the topic of spirituality in CAM. Therefore, there is need for a scoping review to: 1) to explore the focus and nature of research on spirituality in CAM; 2) to provide recommendations based on the relational aspects between spirituality and CAM.
 Methods: A scoping review was performed of all relevant articles found in Ebscohost (Academic Search Complete), Science Direct, and Scopus published between 2000 and 2019. This scoping review included two hundred and six studies, of these, twentytwo articles focussed on the role of spirituality in CAM.
 Results: These four themes were reported in the results: spirituality as a modality of CAM; patient perceptions of the role of spirituality and CAM; practitioner perceptions of the role of spirituality and CAM; and the role of spirituality and CAM in education and practice. Spirituality was considered an important component and was linked to culture, traditions and/or religious beliefs. The use of spirituality in CAM was especially linked to patients living with chronic disease such as diabetes, cardiac conditions and cancer. Spirituality seemingly facilitated health care and while patients expected spirituality healthcare advice from CAM practitioners most CAM practitioners felt ill equipped to deal with the topic appropriately.
 Conclusions: Overall, this scoping review highlights that the role of spirituality in CAM seem to be of value for both practitioners and clients within the CAM clinical setting. However, only a few practitioners include spiritual healthcare advice without clear guidelines. Consequently, this may compromise the holistic treatment, which so many patients expect within the CAM domain. Therefore, there is a need for the inclusion of spirituality in the CAM curriculum and guidelines for CAM practitioners.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.714-724
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Sklar, Fred, and Kathleen D. Huneke. "Bereavement, Ministerial Attitudes, and the Future of Church-Sponsored Bereavement Support Groups." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 18, no. 2 (1988): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/p5gb-tkn1-8rhd-r1ld.
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Bereavement historically has been a concern of religious organizations, but the recent rise of secular bereavement support groups implies a void in the way churches deal with survivors. A survey of ministers in the Northern California Conference of the United Church of Christ documents the absence of church-sponsored bereavement support groups. It is argued that this absence stems not from a lack of parishioner demand, but from ministers' disinclination, an attitude that appears to arise from bereavement training. Such training is seen to have its result because of the manner in which it reinforces central aspects of the ministerial work role. The future of church-sponsored bereavement support groups is discussed.
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Vietrynskyi, I. "Features of the Socio-Cultural Development of Syria from Ancient Times to the Early XX Century." Problems of World History, no. 5 (March 15, 2018): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2018-5-2.
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In order to determine the fundamental factors that have become the foundation of modern conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic the early stages of formation and development of the state on the territoryof modern-day Syria are analyzed. These processes are discussed in the context of socio-cultural transformations in the Middle East. The features of development of Syria in ancient times are also discussed, as well as Syrian role and place in international political processes of the early and late Middle Ages. The features of the socio-political situation in Syria, during its tenure as a part of the Arab Caliphate are considered, at the same time are the aspects of religious factors influencing the formation of Arab national identity as well as national identity of the Syrian in particular are analyzed. The specific character of development of Syria in Modern history, particularly in the context of regional dominance of the Ottoman Empire are determined.
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de Voogd, X., MG Oosterveld-Vlug, M. Torensma, BD Onwuteaka-Philipsen, DL Willems, and JL Suurmond. "A dignified last phase of life for patients with a migration background: A qualitative study." Palliative Medicine 34, no. 10 (2020): 1385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216320948708.
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Background: Preserving personal dignity is an important part of palliative care. Generally, autonomy, independency and not being a burden to others are emphasised for preserving dignity. Dignity has not been studied yet from the perspective of the growing group of patients with a migration background living in Western countries. Aim: To gain insight into (1) what patients – and their relatives – with a Turkish, Moroccan or Surinamese background, living in the Netherlands, in their last phase of life find important aspects of dignity, and (2) how care professionals can preserve and strengthen the dignity of these patients. Design: Qualitative thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews. Participants: A total of 23 patients and 21 relatives with a Turkish, Moroccan or Surinamese background were interviewed. Results: For respondents dignity encompassed surrender to God’s or Allah’s will and meaningful relationships with others, rather than preserving autonomy. Surrender to God or Allah meant accepting the illness, the situation and performing religious practice. A meaningful relationship meant being assisted or cared for by family members and maintaining a social role. Professionals could preserve dignity by showing respect and attention; guaranteeing physical integrity, hygiene and self-direction; and indirect communication about diagnoses and prognoses. Conclusions: Religion and appropriate involvement of family members are important aspects of dignity in the last phase of life, in addition to autonomy and independency. Care professionals need to take these factors into account in order to provide person-centred care.
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Levy, Joelyn Knopf. "Jehovah's Witnesses, Pregnancy, and Blood Transfusions: A Paradigm for the Autonomy Rights of All Pregnant Women." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 27, no. 2 (1999): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1999.tb01449.x.
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The liberty of the woman is at stake in a sense unique to the human condition and so unique to the law. The mother who carries a child to full term is subject to anxieties, to physical constraints, to pain that only she must bear. That these sacrifices have from the beginning of the human race been endured by woman with a pride that ennobles her in the eyes of others and gives to the infant a bond of love cannot alone be grounds for the State to insist that she make the sacrifice. Her suffering is too intimate and personal for the State to insist, without more, upon its own vision of the woman's role ….For years, Jehovah's Witnesses have posed a challenge to the medical profession. Bound by religious belief to refuse blood and blood products, they can frustrate physicians who, since World War II, have utilized transfusions when indicated in the course of treatment.
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Shen-Miller, J. "Sacred lotus, the long-living fruits of China Antique." Seed Science Research 12, no. 3 (2002): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2002112.
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In the West, lotus (Nelumbo nuciferaGaertn.) is relatively little known. However, for more than 3000 years, lotus plants have been cultivated as a crop in Far-East Asia, where they are used for food, medicine and play a significant role in religious and cultural activities. Holder of the world’s record for long-term seed viability (1300 years) is a lotus fruit (China Antique) from Xipaozi, Liaoning Province, China. Five offspring of this variety, from 200–500-year-old fruits (14C dates) collected at Xipaozi, have recently been germinated, and are the first such seedlings to be raised from directly dated fruits. The fruits at Xipaozi, preserved in a dry ancient lakebed, have been exposed to low-dose γ-radiation for hundreds of years (having an accumulated soil irradiation of 0.1–1.0 Gy). Offspring from these old fruits show abnormalities that resemble those in various modern seedlings irradiated at much higher doses. Although these lotus offspring are phenotypically abnormal, the viability of old seeds was evidently not affected by accumulated doses of up to 3 Gy. Growth characteristics of first- and second-year lotus offspring of these fruits, products of the longest-term radiobiological experiment on record, are summarized here (rapid early growth, phenotypic abnormalities, lack of vigour, poor rhizome development and low photosynthetic activity during second-year growth). Aspects of their chromosomal organization, phenotype and physiology (rapid recovery from stress, heat-stable proteins, protein-repair enzyme) are discussed. Important unsolved problems are suggested to elicit interest among members of the seed science community to the study of old fruits recently collected at Xipaozi, with particular emphasis on aspects of ageing and repair.
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Kadurina, A. O. "SYMBOLISM OF ROSES IN LANDSCAPE ART OF DIFFERENT HISTORICAL ERAS." Problems of theory and history of architecture of Ukraine, no. 20 (May 12, 2020): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2519-4208-2020-20-148-157.
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Background.Rosa, as the "Queen of Flowers" has always occupied a special place in the garden. The emergence of rose gardens is rooted in antiquity. Rose is a kind of “tuning fork” of eras. We can see how the symbolism of the flower was transformed, depending on the philosophy and cultural values of society. And this contributed to the various functions and aesthetic delivery of roses in gardens and parks of different eras. Despite the large number of works on roses, today there are no studies that can combine philosophy, cultural aspects of the era, the history of gardens and parks with symbols of the plant world (in particular roses) with the identification of a number of features and patterns.Objectives.The purpose of the article is to study the symbolism of rosesin landscape gardening art of different eras.Methods.The historical method helps to trace the stages of the transformation of the symbolism of roses in different historical periods. The inductive method allows you to move from the analysis of the symbolism of roses in each era to generalization, the identification of patterns, the connection of the cultural life of society with the participation of roses in it. Graph-analytical method reveals the features of creating various types of gardens with roses, taking into account trends in styles and time.Results.In the gardens of Ancient Greece, the theme of refined aesthetics, reflections on life and death dominated. It is no accident that in ancient times it was an attribute of the goddesses of love. In antiquity, she was a favorite flower of the goddess of beauty and love of Aphrodite (Venus). In connection with the legend of the goddess, there was a custom to draw or hang a white rose in the meeting rooms, as a reminder of the non-disclosure of the said information. It was also believed that roses weaken the effect of wine and therefore garlands of roses decorated feasts, festivities in honor of the god of winemaking Dionysus (Bacchus). The rose was called the gift of the gods. Wreaths of roses were decorated: statues of the gods during religious ceremonies, the bride during weddings. The custom of decorating the floor with rose petals, twisting columns of curly roses in the halls came to the ancient palace life from Ancient Egypt, from Queen Cleopatra, highlighted this flower more than others. In ancient Rome, rose gardens turned into huge plantations. Flowers from them were intended to decorate palace halls during feasts. In Rome, a religious theme was overshadowed by luxurious imperial greatness. It is interesting that in Rome, which constantly spreads its borders, a rose from a "female" flower turned into a "male" one. The soldiers, setting out on a campaign, put on pink wreaths instead of helmets, symbolizing morality and courage, and returning with victory, knocked out the image of a rose on shields. From roses weaved wreaths and garlands, received rose oil, incense and medicine. The banquet emperors needed so many roses, which were also delivered by ships from Egypt. Ironically, it is generally accepted that Nero's passion for roses contributed to the decline of Rome. After the fall of the Roman Empire, rose plantations were abandoned because Christianity first associated this flower with the licentiousness of Roman customs. In the Early Middle Ages, the main theme is the Christian religion and roses are located mainly in the monastery gardens, symbolizing divine love and mercy. Despite the huge number of civil wars, when the crops and gardens of neighbors were violently destroyed, the only place of peace and harmony remained the monastery gardens. They grew medicinal plants and flowers for religious ceremonies. During this period, the rose becomes an attribute of the Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ and various saints, symbolizing the church as a whole. More deeply, the symbolism of the rose was revealed in Catholic life, when the rosary and a special prayer behind them were called the "rose garden". Now the rose has become the personification of mercy, forgiveness, martyrdom and divine love. In the late Middle Ages, in the era of chivalry, roses became part of the "cult of the beautiful lady." Rose becomes a symbol of love of a nobleman to the wife of his heart. Courtesy was of a socially symbolic nature, described in the novel of the Rose. The lady, like a rose, symbolized mystery, magnificent beauty and temptation. Thus, in the Late Middle Ages, the secular principle manifests itself on a par with the religious vision of the world. And in the Renaissance, the religious and secular component are in balance. The theme of secular pleasures and entertainments was transferred further to the Renaissance gardens. In secular gardens at palaces, villas and castles, it symbolized love, beauty, grace and perfection. In this case, various secret societies appear that choose a rose as an emblem, as a symbol of eternity and mystery. And if the cross in the emblem of the Rosicrucians symbolized Christianity, then the rose symbolized a mystical secret hidden from prying eyes. In modern times, secular life comes to the fore, and with it new ways of communication, for example, in the language of flowers, in particular roses. In the XVII–XVIII centuries. gardening art is becoming secular; sesame, the language of flowers, comes from Europe to the East. White rose symbolized a sigh, pink –an oath of love, tea –a courtship, and bright red –admiration for beauty and passionate love [2]. In aristocratic circles, the creation of lush rose gardens is in fashion. Roses are actively planted in urban and suburban gardens. In modern times, rose gardens carry the idea of aesthetic relaxation and enjoyment. Many new varieties were obtained in the 19th century, during the period of numerous botanical breeding experiments. At this time, gardening ceased to be the property of the elite of society and became publicly available. In the XX–XXI centuries. rosaries, as before, are popular. Many of them are located on the territory of ancient villas, palaces and other structures, continuing the tradition.
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Candia, Giuliana. "Muslims and Social Participation in Rome." MIGRATION LETTERS 2, no. 3 (2005): 345–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v2i3.42.
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The European ³Faiths and Social Cohesion² project was conducted inItalyby the Parsec association. The question of Islam in this country has just begun to be considered (Candia, 2004) and the establishment of this religion is still rarely being considered at a local level and in a way that would allow the specific characteristics and qualitative aspects to be understood, and in particular, the actions aimed at eliminating the religious discrimination towards Muslims. Here's the case of social participation of Muslim immigrants in several neigborhoods of Roma.
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Clammer, John. "Can Art Embody Truth? Ethics, Aesthetics and Gandhi." Social Change 51, no. 1 (2021): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085721996859.
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The philosophical question of whether moral standards apply in art and the practical one of whether the arts can be vehicles of positive social transformation run through a great deal of social theory. In this article, these issues are discussed through an examination of Mahatma Gandhi’s approach to art and in particular his views on music and visual arts as they formed part of his personal world view and his socio-political programme. The article contextualises this in relation to Gandhi’s over-arching concern with the pursuit of truth and its theistic basis, his relationship to certain aspects of classical Indian philosophy and in particular the status of rasa among the four traditional purusharthas, and his relationship with Rabindranath Tagore and the artists at Kala Bhavan in Santiniketan, in particular Nandalal Bose. The article suggests that Gandhi was far from uninterested in aesthetic matters, but that the key to his thought lies in his holistic approach to both philosophy and lifestyle where the arts play an important role when integrated with ethical and religious demands.
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Shchekotin, Evgeniy. "The Concept of “Life” in Quality of Life Research." Logos et Praxis, no. 3 (December 2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2020.3.5.
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The article analyzes the meaning of the concept "life" in relation to research on the quality of life. It is shown that the quality of life is a complex transdisciplinary concept, which significantly complicates the formation of a generalized and conventional interpretation of this concept. The concept of "life", which plays a decisive role in the interpretation of the quality of life, has a different meaning in various scientific fields involved in the study of the quality of life. The article deals with the philosophical, linguistic and religious-sacred content of the concept "life". There are three main semantic centers that reflect the biological, social and transcendental levels of "life". Life as a designation of biological existence ("organism") is revealed through a complex of meanings associated with all the properties inherent in a living organism (duration of existence in time, integrity, activity, activeness, completeness of the manifestation of vital forces, etc.). Life as a metaphor for human social existence ("life in society») is characterizes the activity of social groups and individuals in the social space – in everyday life, in various spheres of society, etc. Life as the transcendental basis of biological and social existence ("eternal life") is revealed through the value dimension and has a rich semantic religious symbolism. The symbolic difference in the meanings of the concept "life" is demonstrated in the form of distinguishing three different words of the Russian language that constitute this concept – zhivot, zhitiye (living) and zhizn' (life). Considered projection of these semantic centres on the concept of quality of life and the interpretation of quality of life depending on the interpretation of the concept "life" on the example of two disciplines – medicine and economics. In medical research, the focus is on the bodily and biological aspects of life: the impact of diseases on various body functions that affect the physiological, mental, emotional and social functioning of a person. In economics, the concept of "life" is considered as a designation of a certain activity of society and people in various fields and spheres.
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Glorney, Emily, Sophie Raymont, Amy Lawson, and Jessica Allen. "Religion, spirituality and personal recovery among forensic patients." Journal of Forensic Practice 21, no. 3 (2019): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-05-2019-0021.
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Purpose Religion and spirituality are well-researched concepts within the field of psychology and mental health yet they have rarely been researched in high-secure services within the UK. Research in mental health and prison contexts suggests benefits of religion/spirituality to coping, social support, self-worth, symptoms of depression and anxiety and behavioural infractions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of religion/spirituality in high-secure service users’ personal recovery. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 13 male patients in a high-secure hospital, with primary diagnoses of mental illness (n=11) or personality disorder (n=2). Participants were from a range of religious/spiritual backgrounds and were asked about how their beliefs impact their recovery and care pathways within the hospital. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings Three superordinate themes were identified: “religion and spirituality as providing a framework for recovery”; “religion and spirituality as offering key ingredients in the recovery process”; and “barriers to recovery through religion/spirituality”. The first two themes highlight some of the positive aspects that aid participants’ recovery. The third theme reported hindrances in participants’ religious/spiritual practices and beliefs. Each theme is discussed with reference to sub-themes and illustrative excerpts. Practical implications Religion/spirituality might support therapeutic engagement for some service users and staff could be more active in their enquiry of the value that patients place on the personal meaning of this for their life. Originality/value For the participants in this study, religion/spirituality supported the principles of recovery, in having an identity separate from illness or offender, promoting hope, agency and personal meaning.
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Stewart, Chris. "The Influence of Spirituality on Substance Use of College Students." Journal of Drug Education 31, no. 4 (2001): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hepq-cr08-mgyf-yylw.
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Objectives: The issue of substance use and the problems resulting from that use has become a major concern in the United States. The past decade has seen several new trends in substance use by college students and an increase in the effort to try and determine factors that may ameliorate the problem. Spirituality is one possible factor that may have some role in the phenomenon. Some research has been conducted on the relationship of spirituality to substance use but the results are mostly descriptive and concerned with religiosity rather than spirituality. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between a student's spiritual and religious beliefs and the impact of those beliefs on the decision to use substances. Method: A sample of 337 university students was surveyed using the CORE Alcohol and Drug Survey and several supplemental questions. Results: In general, spirituality had a moderate buffering effect upon the decision to use alcohol and marijuana. This general protective effect exists for both alcohol use and binge drinking but dissipated as the students reached upper-class levels. Conclusion: Spirituality may play a significant role in the decision of college students to use substances. Further research should focus on this important factor. Also, implementation of spiritual aspects into university prevention and treatment programs may help boost efficacy rates.
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Abdel-Razig, Sawsan, Halah Ibrahim, Hatem Alameri, et al. "Creating a Framework for Medical Professionalism: An Initial Consensus Statement From an Arab Nation." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 8, no. 2 (2016): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-15-00310.1.
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ABSTRACT Medical professionalism has received increased worldwide attention, yet there is limited information on the applicability and utility of established Western professionalism frameworks in non-Western nations.Background We developed a locally derived consensus definition of medical professionalism for the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which reflects the cultural and social constructs of the UAE and the Middle East.Objective We used a purposive sample of 14 physicians working in the UAE as clinical and education leaders. This expert panel used qualitative methods, including the world café, nominal group technique, the Delphi method, and an interpretive thematic analysis to develop the consensus statement.Methods The expert panel defined 9 attributes of medical professionalism. There was considerable overlap with accepted Western definitions, along with important differences in 3 aspects: (1) the primacy of social justice and societal rights; (2) the role of the physician's personal faith and spirituality in guiding professional practices; and (3) societal expectations for professional attributes of physicians that extend beyond the practice of medicine.Results Professionalism is a social construct influenced by cultural and religious contexts. It is imperative that definitions of professionalism used in the education of physicians in training and in the assessment of practicing physicians be formulated locally and encompass specific competencies relevant to the local, social, and cultural context for medical practice. Our goal was to develop a secular consensus statement that encompasses culture and values relevant to professionalism for the UAE and the Arab region.Conclusions
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Rahman, Md Atiqur, M. Rahman, M. R. Siddiqui, and J. A. Zaman. "Contraceptive Practice of Married Women: Experience from a Rural Community of Bangladesh." Journal of Medicine 15, no. 1 (2014): 09–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19852.
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Background: Bangladesh is a country having high density of population in the world. Its fertility rate ranges from 4.1 to 5.49. This study was conducted to investigate socio-demographic characteristics, type of used contraceptive method, reasons for non use of contraceptive methods and also the side effects due to use of contraceptive method among the married women in some villages of Keranigonj Upazila, Dhaka. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional survey was carried out among 240 married women of reproductive age from July to December, 2012 in some villages of Keranigonj, Upazila, Dhaka. Results: The mean age of the study population was 29±6.5 years with the mean age at marriage of 17.18±2.7 years. 73(31%) were practicing some methods of contraception, while 167 (69%) were not using it. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) was the commonest method of contraception followed by Condoms 12(5%), Injectable 12(5%), Implant 12(5%) & Tubectomy 6(3%). None was found using IUCD and Traditional method ( withdrawal, rhythm method ) and emergency contraceptive method. The use of contraceptives were more common in grand multipara (p<0.01), >35 years old ladies (p<0.05). No statistical association was found between the use of contraceptive method and educational status of the respondents and their husband. Non users of contraceptives in this study were 167 (69%) and the major reasons for the non use were intention to have more children 53(31.46%) followed by pressure from the husband 21(12.35%), prohibition by the religion 18 (10.9%) and desire for son 17 (10.11%). Among the 73 contraceptive users 38 (52%) experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The commonest side effects were menstrual irregularities 17(23.8%) followed by change in body weight 8(11.19%). Conclusion: Frequency of contraceptive use was found comparatively low among rural married women despite high level of awareness. Desire for larger family, religious concerns and fear of side effects were the main factors responsible for non users. Religious scholars must play their role in clarifying many aspects regarding contraceptives.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19852 J Medicine 2014; 15: 9-13
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Oakes, Peter. "Christian Attitudes to Rome at the Time of Paul's Letter." Review & Expositor 100, no. 1 (2003): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003463730310000107.
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In the late fifties, Christianity was a provincial religious movement rooted in Jewish beliefs, practice, and history. This gives to a model of Christian attitudes to Rome three natural dimensions: provincial, Jewish, and distinctively Christian. A provisional list of attitudes is constructed by considering issues that were significant for each group. The resulting list has six elements: awe at Rome's prestige, power and wealth; appreciation of Roman peace, economic prosperity, partial protection of Diaspora communities, and laws permitting Jewish practice; resentment at taxation, occupation of Israel, and poor governing of Judaea; contempt for Roman religious beliefs and certain aspects of morality; denial of ultimate authority; and expectation of overthrow. This combination could be used as a grid for interpreting the Roman dimension of Paul's letter.
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Malik, Fauzia, and Anila Kamal. "PERCEPTION OF HOARDING BEHAVIOR AMONG GENERAL POPULATION OF RAWALPINDI AND ISLAMABAD CITIES OF PAKISTAN: AN EXPLORATORY QUALITATIVE INQUIRY." Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 18, no. 3 (2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46903/gjms/18.03.833.
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Background: Hoarding is a complex phenomenon that has received extensive attention in recent years. Most studies have been conducted in Western culture with few from other regions of world, which advocates need to explore the phenomenon in different cultural contexts. Objective of this study was to ascertain the perception of hoarding behavior among general population of Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities of Pakistan.Materials Methods: This exploratory qualitative study with grounded theory design was conducted in National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan from September 2015-May 2016. Sample of 46 subjects from different socio-cultural backgrounds was selected from otherwise healthy adult (20-60 years) population of Rawalpindi Islamabad cities of Pakistan by purposive sampling. A qualitative research methodology was employed to develop theoretical understanding of phenomenon. Focus group discussions with six groups were conducted to assess existence and phenomenology of hoarding behavior in present cultural framework. Data was analyzed using grounded theory method.Results: Findings of this study support current literature concerning the role of emotional attachments, associated positive and negative affect, certain personality characteristics and early experiences in development and maintenance of hoarding behavior. This study also confirms that material possessions are source of security by providing sense of identity to owner, and are considered symbols of status in society. Finally, it involves the account of socio-cultural aspects like status transformation, with resulting sense of competition, gender role, impact of material deprivation, and religious construction of phenomenon that emerged as more of culture specific elements in indigenous settings of Pakistan.Conclusion: This study addresses factors that underpin major themes in relation to form and prevalence of hoarding behavior in cultural context of Pakistan and discusses the findings in reference to the similarities and differences with extant literature.
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Baig, Mirza N., Faheem Chishty, Phillip Immesoete, and Chris S. Karas. "The Eastern heart and Galen's ventricle: a historical review of the purpose of the brain." Neurosurgical Focus 23, no. 1 (2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc-07/07/e3.
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✓The seat of consciousness has not always been thought to reside in the brain. Its “source” is as varied as the cultures of those who have sought it. At present, although most may agree that the central nervous system is held to be the root of individualism in much of Western philosophy, this has not always been the case, and this viewpoint is certainly not unanimously accepted across all cultures today. In this paper the authors undertook a literary review of ancient texts of both Eastern and Western societies as well as modern writings on the organic counterpart to the soul. The authors have studied both ancient Greek and Roman material as well as Islamic and Eastern philosophy. Several specific aspects of the human body have often been proposed as the seat of consciousness, not only in medical texts, but also within historical documents, poetry, legal proceedings, and religious literature. Among the most prominently proposed have been the heart and breath, favoring a cardiopulmonary seat of individualism. This understanding was by no means stagnant, but evolved over time, as did the role of the brain in the definition of what it means to be human. Even in the 21st century, no clear consensus exists between or within communities, scientific or otherwise, on the brain's capacity for making us who we are. Perhaps, by its nature, our consciousness—and our awareness of our surroundings and ourselves—is a function of what surrounds us, and must therefore change as the world changes and as we change.
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AFTYKA, LESZEK. "PHILANTHROPY IN ANCIENT TIMES: SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 6, no. 1 (2019): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.6.1.149-154.
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The article presents the data of ancient times philanthropy that stemmed from community life and was a consequence of the social nature of man; in Rome, for the first time, social and educational activity was formalized, which resulted from moral and legal norms; in the Judaic religion, help to the needy was treated as one of the most important religious practices. The article discusses the most important forms of social aid in the Western antiquity. Charity, volunteering presented as important components of the social and educational activities of modern institutions. The author emphasizes the need for the formation and development of humanistic consciousness, spiritual and moral consciousness of citizens. Therefore, cooperation between educational institutions, families, non-governmental organizations, volunteer movements, charitable foundations for the expansion of active charitable activities, and the creation of a humanistic society is required.
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Oryschenko, Roman. "Peasants of the Dnipro Ukraine are becoming Soviet People (1920s – the beginning of the 1930s): a Religious Aspect." Roxolania Historĭca = Historical Roxolania 1 (November 13, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/30180109.
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An analysis of the latest research shows that the interest of Ukrainian historians in the pages of the so-called "big change" in the village, which dates back to the late 1920s – early 1930s, is significant, but it is almost unrelated to the religious aspect. According to the author, it is as important for a general adequate understanding of the epoch-making changes, that took place in the peasant society, as knowledge of the social, economic or political spheres. This creates the relevance of the proposed research. As a result of the research, the author concluded that in historical conditions of modernization, which took place synchronously with the preservation of the foundations of the traditional village, there were several options for further historical evolution of the peasantry. The Bolshevik political scenario according to which the Naddniprianschyna peasants fell into the ideological orbit of "class theory", and then had to become Soviet people, is one of them. In this case, the key role belonged to changes that affected consciousness. "Materialization" of the inner world of people in general and the patriarchal way of life meant almost the most complex version of such a modification, because they had to not only transform their inner world within the framework of the Christian faith, but rather pass on to atheistic ideological positions. We have every reason to assert that on the eve of such sweeping and cruel events as collectivization, "dispossession" and Holodomor, the peasants suffered a great moral upheaval – apostasy from God. The loss of traditional religiosity took place against the backdrop of general social modernization, which is clearly evident in the context of formation of a new rural man ("kolhospnyky"). If in an agrarian society peasants adhered to religious traditions closely and directly related to natural cycles and labor on land, they now had to minimize their dependence on these traditions. The authorities made any ideological and worldview alternative impossible for them, at the same time the industrial society with its mechanization, agronomy, veterinary medicine, medicine, radio, new transport infrastructure offered the kind of perspective. Peasants had to survive a peculiar stress, which provided for the destruction of a sense of human dignity.
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Oksana V., Fedchenko. "Hearth in the Sacral Topography of a Roman House and Ritual Practice of Familia." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 3 (2021): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-3-167-175.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the hearth as the most important sacred center of Roman dwelling interior space. It addresses such issues as the role of the hearth in a Roman family’s sacra privata; peculiarities of the ritual practice of paterfamilias, materfamilias and their children. Attention is paid to the pantheon of gods related to the hearth and rituals aimed at their veneration. The relevance of this study lies in addressing the religious component of Roman living space, which, unfortunately, is not a priority for the specialists in Roman history who focus more on social aspects analysis of the space of a Roman house. Historicism and scientific objectivity principles served as a methodological basis for the research, the comparative-historical method was also used. A study of Romans’ home religion made it possible to establish that all significant events in the family were accompanied by rituals at the hearth; they also turned to it for help in the event of a threat; the hearth could warn a family of danger ‒ it could “bleed” or be “overturned”. It is important to note that the sacredness of the hearth is also confirmed by the fact that they should have bring it from home and not light a fire on the spot. The paterfamilias’ daughters and not his wife, were involved in daily rituals at the hearth, probably due to their “purity” which they kept until marriage. Research result is the partial reconstruction of family’s sacred sphere, especially ritual practice. Conducting this reconstruction is very problematic and conditionally due to the lack of sources, but it is important to note that even a partial reconstruction allows us to define the main functions of participants in ritual practice and claim that family’s sacred sphere was primarily associated with the hearth, which was the basis of the ancient Romans’ sacra privata. Keywords: atrium, focus, ritual, paterfamilias, materfamilias, Lares, Penates, Vesta
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Bremmer, Jan. "Attis: A Greek God in Anatolian Pessinous and Catullan Rome." Mnemosyne 57, no. 5 (2004): 534–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525043057892.
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AbstractIn my contribution I attempt a new analysis of the myth and ritual of Attis and its reception in Catullan Rome. I argue (1) that the attempts to identify Attis with the Herodotean Atys are unconvincing, as they are based on Hermesianax's poem, which intended to provide an aetiology for a taboo on the pig in Pessinous; (2) that Attis starts to appear in the Greek world in the middle to the third quarter of the fourth century BC; the mention in Demosthenes should be taken as referring to his own time, not to that of Aeschines' mother; (3) that a careful comparison of Timotheus' account with that of Pausanias enables us to reconstruct the Phrygian myth and ritual of Pessinous as well as its gradual development, whereby special attention is given to Kybele, Agdistis, Attis and his festival, and the eunuch Galli; (4) that the religious aspects of Catullus 63 show a close identification of the cult of Kybele with that of Dionysus.
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Borghetti, Livia. "The National Central Library of Rome: Linking Past and Future." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 14, no. 3 (2002): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574900201400306.
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The Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma (BNCR), founded in 1875, has as its mission is the preservation of the national cultural heritage, the development of a distinctive cultural role, and the provision of strategically planned services. It must also provide extensive coverage of foreign literature, to document the main aspects of culture and studies about Italy throughout the world. The library receives by legal deposit of all publications printed in Italy. Recently it has been involved in a structural process of change that will lead to its becoming open to users worldwide. Special attention has been paid to information technology, to meet user needs. The collections consist inter alia of over 6,000,000 monographs, c.45,000 periodicals and 85,000 manuscripts, as well as audiovisual and digital documents. The nucleus of the collections came from the Jesuit Bibliotheca Major and the monastic libraries of the Religious Orders suppressed by the Italian government in 1873. The library is involved in numerous national and international activities.
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Bezhuk, O. M. "Religious relics of Italy." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 91 (2018): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9123.
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Religions have always played a significant role in the formation of the statehood and development of such powerful states as the Byzantine Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kievan Rus, or the Empire of Charlemagne. Peculiarities of the national culture are dictated by its faith. This is due to the fact that folk traditions, mentality, political structure, peculiarities of the historical trajectory of each nation including the religious development, have a tremendous influence on the religious aspects of nations and states. Religious attitudes, religious morality, practice of ceremonies, and church institutions deeply penetrate into everyday lives of people and countries in particular, largely determine their local originality as well as national and cultural identity. In general, the influence of religious-confessional factors is felt at all levels of organization of society’s life. The diversity of its manifestations is unlimited, and basically, it is not the impact on the life, but the life itself. This thesis should always be remembered either when illuminating the tourist resources of the country or the conditions of organization of the tourism business. The article is referred to the religious tourism in Italy – the country on the territory of which Christianity (Holy Roman Empire) arose. The article concideres such religious objects of Rome as Vatican, the Basilica of St. Peter, the area around the Capitol, religious practices of the city of Loreto called the Holy House, as well as the worship of sacred Turin Shroud.
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Gadamska-Serafin, Renata. "Norwid’s Roma antiqua in its full version." Studia Norwidiana 37 English Version (2020): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sn.2019.37-13en.
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Magdalena Karamucka’s book Antyczny Rzym Norwida [Norwid’s Ancient Rome] is the first monographic study of the problem addressed in the title. Ancient Rome is presented in this valuable study from different perspectives: as a geographical, historical and cultural reality and as a literary topos. The starting point for the discussion is a chapter devoted to a Roman episode of Norwid’s biography and his Roman readings. Another subject of analysis are the poet’s political, religious and historiosophical reflections about Rome and his remarks on literature, art and Roman theatre. The main, comparative part is devoted to a meticulous analysis of reminiscences, quotations (paraphrases), titles, etc. taken from works of Roman authors (including Catullus, Horace, Juvenal, Ovid, Virgil), Norwid’s translational work and his Roman correspondence. However, Norwid’s Roma antiqua presented in the monograph is not frozen in a dead form. The author shows in an interesting and convincing way how this romanitas becomes a starting (or reference) point for the author of Quidam in his reflections on almost all aspects of his contemporary times.
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Volikova. "THE PROBLEM OF SEXUAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN PEDAGOGICAL OPINION OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY." Scientific bulletin of KRHPA, no. 12 (2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37835/2410-2075-2020-12-1.
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The article is devoted to the problem of sexual education of children and young people at the beginning of the twentieth century and its reflection in socio-pedagogical sources. In the publication the author reveals the peculiarities of sexual education of children and youth of the highlighted period, highlights the purpose, objectives and content of sexual activity education. It is proved that the problem of the study bothered as foreign, as domestic scientists (O. Bernstein, A. Gamme, A. Mol, A. Forel, E. Stil). The value of pedagogical ideas and experience of outstanding ones is substantiated educators and scholars who have dedicated their work to the problem of sex education of young people. In particular, the article found that since the beginning of the twentieth century scientists insisted on the need for a scientific approach to sexual education, which had to be aimed at eliminating the deep-rooted at a society of prejudice about many aspects of sexual life. Research results. The beginning of the twentieth century is a difficult historical one a period which was characterized by the presence of sufficiently controversial scientifictheoretical approaches to the problem of sexual education of young people. These differences of opinion related to statesmen, psychologists, educators and medical professionals. Increased attention to this issue was explained simultaneous effect of a number of objective economic factors (intensive industrial development, urbanization, population migration), scientific (medicine, biology, psychology) and sociocultural (deepening social stratification, family crisis, weakening of the educational role of the church, development of the feminist movement) development. All this contributed to the actualization issues of sexual education at the beginning of the twentieth century. Accordingly, the educational system in the sexual aspect functioned within traditional approaches that could not withstand the intensive development of medical and psychological sciences, so tried to use them for their own purposes. Necessity maintaining chastity before marriage was no longer religious or traditional guidelines, and medical and biological factors. It is proved that already at the beginning of the first decade of the twentieth century. Teachers have come conclusion about the need for systematic sexual education. However, it is education should not have been separated from the education system at all. The study has been hypothesized that built correctly and ethically sex education at school or in higher education will increase the level of literacy and awareness of pupils / students with sexual health and sexual development. Therefore, the problem of children and youth’s sexual education is one of the most urgent and socially significant in scientific discourse. Key words: education, sexual education, sexual life, sexual education, paternity and motherhood.
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Riccioni, Stefano. "Rewriting Antiquity, Renewing Rome. The Identity of the Eternal City through Visual Art, Monumental Inscriptions and the Mirabilia." Medieval Encounters 17, no. 4-5 (2011): 439–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006711x598802.
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AbstractDuring the eleventh and twelfth centuries the Church began a process of renovation (renovatio) and the city of Rome was given new meanings. Antiquity is part of the identity of the Eternal City; the reuse or reframing of aspects of antiquity inevitably transformed the image of Rome. Public spaces, architecture and objects were given new Christian readings. Inscriptions, present both in sacred and secular settings, played an important role. A similar rewriting can also be found in travel literature and descriptions of the city, such as in the Mirabilia urbis Rome, where ancient monuments were re-interpreted to demonstrate the superiority of Christianity. Inscriptions were used as symbols of authority, as can be seen in the altar of the church of Santa Maria in Portico, in the papal thrones (San Clemente, Santa Maria in Cosmedin, San Lorenzo fuori le mura) and also in mosaics (San Clemente, Santa Maria in Trastevere). Inscriptions appeared on porticoed atriums built on new churches and added to older foundations, and they were used to renew ancient monuments and places. The Roman Commune used a similar strategy with civil buildings. The image of Rome was transformed through restoration and new construction that used spolia as meaningful objects, and inscriptions for their authoritative value.
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Twelftree, Graham. "In the Name of Jesus: A Conversation with Critics." Journal of Pentecostal Theology 17, no. 2 (2008): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174552508x377466.
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AbstractInteracting with critics, significant aspects of the project are set out: there was a range of approaches to exorcism from magicians to charismatic magicians, through to charismatics. Jesus is to be placed between the charismatic magicians and the later charismatics. For the Fourth Gospel, exorcisms were unable to reflect adequately on Jesus. Yet demon possession is maintained not for the few deranged but for the many, showing the demonic is fought not with the hand of a healer but with accepting Jesus, his truth and honoring God as one's Father. In the early second century there appears to be no interest in exorcism. Around the middle of the second century there was a renewed interest in exorcism, beginning in Rome. Often influenced by the Fourth Gospel, other material is evidence that the demonic was confronted other than by exorcism, indicating the ministry of Jesus was not always determinative for early Christians.
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Peralta, Dan-el Padilla. "Slave Religiosity in the Roman Middle Republic." Classical Antiquity 36, no. 2 (2017): 317–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2017.36.2.317.
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This article proposes a new interpretation of slave religious experience in mid-republican Rome. Select passages from Plautine comedy and Cato the Elder's De agri cultura are paired with material culture as well as comparative evidence—mostly from studies of Black Atlantic slave religions—to reconstruct select aspects of a specific and distinctive slave “religiosity” in the era of large-scale enslavements. I work towards this reconstruction first by considering the subordination of slaves as religious agents (Part I) before turning to slaves’ practice of certain forms of religious expertise in the teeth of subordination and policing (II and III). After transitioning to an assessment of slave religiosity's role in the pursuit of freedom (IV), I conclude with a set of methodological justifications for this paper's line of inquiry (V).
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Hannah, Robert, Giulio Magli, and Antonella Palmieri. "Nero’s “Solar” Kingship and the Architecture of the Domus Aurea." Numen 63, no. 5-6 (2016): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341436.
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The Domus Aurea, Nero’s last “palace” constructed in the very heart of ancient Rome, is a true masterpiece of Roman architecture. We explore here symbolic aspects of the emperor’s project, analyzing the archaeoastronomy of the best preserved part of the Domus, the Esquiline Wing. In particular, we study the so-called Octagonal Room, the huge vaulted room which is in many respects a predecessor of the Pantheon. The project of the room turns out to be connected with astronomy, as is Hadrian’s Pantheon sixty years later. Indeed, the divinization and “solarization” of the emperor — placed at the equinoxes as a point of balance in the heavens — are shown to be explicitly referred to in the rigorous orientation of the plan and in the peculiar geometry of the design of the dome.
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Huda, Miftahul. "Sociological Aspects of Multicultural Islamic Religious Education." Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 7, no. 2 (2021): 122–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35309/alinsyiroh.v7i2.4990.
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This writing aims to analyze the sociological aspects of multicultural Islamic religious education. Multicultural Islamic religious education is a solution to the plurality of Indonesian society in accordance with the democratic principles adopted by the Indonesian nation. Multicultural Islamic religious education is an important aspect in building the nation's next generation. Sociological aspects in multicultural Islamic religious education are fundamentally reflected by the existence of conducive cooperation between Islamic religious education in the family, school and community environment, good educational control will be realized. In a sociological context, the family is the first and foremost institution known to children. In this case, his parents are the first to be known and provide educational values. Then the school environment, the school at this time is a need for everyone to get an education from school. Schools in this case have two important aspects, namely individual aspects and social aspects. On the one hand, schools are tasked with influencing and creating conditions that allow optimal development. Furthermore, the community environment, a diverse society such as in Indonesia often creates the potential for friction or even conflict. Therefore, differences are a necessity in a pluralistic society. Differences must be accepted as a necessity. Such acceptance will lead to people's attitudes that can accept existing differences. This is what will produce students who have good morals, who will not only make their parents and teachers proud, but also the community as users of educational outcomes.