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1

M. Chitra and Dr. C. Madhesh. "A Study On Consumer Awareness Towards Siddha Medicine In Dharmapuri City." Restaurant Business 118, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i12.12582.

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Siddha is considered to be one of the oldest medicines with its own benefits. In this modern era, people are more aware towards their health. At many circumstances of illness, people use Siddha medicines to cure their disease. Siddha is preferred for its own specialties. This paper has attempted to reveal the awareness towards Siddha medicines taking 52 respondents from Dharmapuri City. The results were analysed by using various statistical techniques like percentage analysis, chi-square and t test. Siddha focuses on the eight supernatural powers called as ‘Ashtaamahasiddhi’ and those who achieved these powers were known as siddhars. Hence it is called as siddha medicine. The siddhars knowledge was found in palm leaf manuscripts and their fragments were found in some parts of south India.
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2

Arthi.G, Lakshmana kumar. V, Sushil Kumar P N, and Rathinam J. "Ancient Siddha Approach Towards Mother and Child Health Care." International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 05, no. 07 (2022): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2022.5721.

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Siddha System of medicine is the ancient traditional system. The word Siddha means accomplished or perfect.‘ The food itself is medicine and medicine itself is food’ is one of the basic principles of the Siddha system of Medicine. Siddha Medicine not only acts as a curative and also as a preventive measure. Ancient Siddhars’ (Founders of the Siddha system) described Mother care includes Antenatal, Postnatal, and also child care. The Tamil Nadu Government introduced the ‘Amma Magaperu SanjeeviScheme’ for antenatal and postnatal care. During pregnancy we have to take care of a mother, she gets stressed and fears due to various factors such as hormonal changes in the body, increase in body weight, etc. So Siddha system helps to prevent miscarriage and facilitates normal vaginal delivery. In Kuzhanthai Maruthuvam(Siddha Pediatric) Siddha's traditional formulation Urai Mathirai(Tablet) is advised for infants and children. This article briefly describes the ancient Siddha approaches to improving mother and child health care
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3

Thillaivanan, S., S. Susikannamma, P. Parthiban, V. Ganesh, and A. Shanmugasundaram. "An Analysis of Siddha Management among COVID-19 Positive Patients of TPEC COVID Care Center, Vellore, Tamilnadu —Feedback report." Journal of Natural Remedies 21, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2021/26626.

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Siddha's system of medicine is the effective one to reduce the symptoms of many viral illnesses. Siddha's system of medicine in asymptomatic, mild to moderate Covid-19 Positive patients, will make them recognize its effectiveness, reduce the symptoms, and move into the traditional approach towards the deadliest pandemic disease Covid-19. The objective of this study is to evaluate the acceptance and benefit of integrative Siddha management among the mild, moderate and asymptomatic COVID patients through a feedback questionnaire in TPEC COVID Care Center, Vellore, Tamil Nadu (TPECThanthai Periyar Engineering College). 74 asymptomatic, mild to moderate Covid-19 Positive patients were observed 7 days from 14.07.2020 to 30.07.2020 in TPEC COVID Care Center, Vellore, Tamil Nadu. During this period, Siddha medicines were administrated along with Western medicine. At the end of the period, validated feedback questionnaires were used to collect information from 74 participants for evaluating the acceptance and benefit of integrative Siddha management.In the 74 patients of TPEC COVID Care Center, Vellore, 100% were taken the given Siddha drug properly. 82.4% had the most common symptoms and 52.7% had less common symptoms. 16.2% of cases developed gastric acidity and 1.3% developed mild dyspnea as an ADR. 91.8% were recommended the Siddha system to others. 93.2% reported excellent disease progress. 90.7% of Siddha doctors quoted for 'Excellent' service on covid patients. This feedback report explores the three important significance. (a) Siddha medicine having significant effectiveness (b) Siddha medicines have safety in covid-19 patients (c) overall services of Siddha doctors are appreciatable by the patients and Siddha system is recommended to others. This analysis report helps to provide the possibility of the Siddha system for further or future clinical trials.
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4

Govindhan, Sivapalan. "Siddha Medicine as Descripted in Siddhar Literature." Journal of Indian Studies 10 (May 10, 2013): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jis.sp2013no1.8.

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5

A, Elavarasi. "A Clinical Study on Suzhi Mantham." International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science 02, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijpbms/v2-i11-05.

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Siddha medicine is one of the traditional systems of medicine in India found by Siddhars. There are totally 64 types of internal and external medicines in siddha system. It also speaks about the kuzhanthai maruthuvam [Paediatric medicine].Suzhi mantham a respiratory disorder compared to Acute Respiratory Tract Infection –Nasopharyngitis and WALRI. Suzhi mantham is one of the paediatrics illness followed by mantham [gastrointestinal disorder]. This study is about a trail drug shenbaga poo kuligai a herbomineral preparation. A preclinical study including biochemical analysis, anti-microbial activity,anti-spasmodic activity,anti-histamine activity is made on a trial drug and then followed by a clinical trial to analyse the effectiveness of a drug. As a result this study reveals shenbaga poo kuligai to be a highly effective medicine for suzhi mantham in siddha aspect.
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6

Unnikrishnan, Shankar, and D. Anitha Kumari. "Challenges Faced by the Traditional Medical Practitioners from Siddha System towards Transition to Information Technology-based Approaches at Chennai, India." Remittances Review 7, no. 2 (November 19, 2022): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/rr.v7i2.2411.

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Traditional System of Medicine has its strong roots in human life since eons. The wellbeing and health care needs of the Human kind has been taken care consistently by this profound historical medical system. One such system of medicine which has its origin from Southern part of India is Siddha System of Medicine. Siddha framework is a treasure-house of mystery science, epitomizing the consequences of the ardent pursuit thereof by the old Siddhars. The registered and traditional Siddha Doctors practice these ancient medical services - based on the treasured Palm scripts of Siddhars. A major part of these manuscripts are more defenseless than the recorded conventional information. In this manner, the current review was planned to report and quantitatively dissect the neighborhood information on the customary Siddha practitioners in Chennai. This article highlights the challenges encountered by the Siddha practitioners towards the transition to an information technology-based approach in the Siddha system of medicine at Chennai. In this study, a questionnaire was provided to 56 Siddha practitioners in Chennai and the data were evaluated based on a questionnaire pertaining to utilisation of big data repository, use of electronic reporting, personalized patient care management, evidence-based decision supporting system using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning and data on preventive diseases. The study observed that the practitioners felt a strong need for change to IT-based systems for recording the personalized patient care management and utilising the databases for reporting the various aspects observed.
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7

Raveendran, Rakulini, Sounthararajan Kalaiselvi, and Sundararajan S. "AGATHIYAR KUZHAMBU (HERBO-MINERAL SIDDHA FORMULATION)." April 2021 9, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj3009042021.

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Introduction: Agathiyar kuzhambu (A.k) is a herbo-mineral siddha formulation. It is explained in the Siddha Vaith- iya Thiraddu Book. In Siddha Medicine, there are 32 internal & external medicines are explained in the Siddha Literatures. Agathiyar kuzhambu is a one form of the internal medicine which is commonly used in purgation ther- apy. It contains 11 ingredients. Agathiyar kuzhambu has different herbo- mineral ingredients which are having wide range of therapeutic uses. It is commonly used in Siddha OPDs. Aim: The researcher is going to develop the documentary evidence for the effectiveness of Agathiyar kuzhambu. Results and Discussion: Six ingredients herbs have hot potency and Pungent efficacy. These have many pharmacological actions. Commonly, these ingredients are possessed antioxidant, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anthelmintic, anti-dia- betic and anti -hypertensive activity. In Siddha, these ingredients and 5 minerals and metals ingredients were used in many disease conditions. Lots of adjuvants of Agathiyar kuzhambu have hot potency and pungent efficacy. Some of adjuvants have cool potency and sweet efficacy. In Siddha, these adjuvants were used in many disease conditions. Conclusion: According to the above study, Agathiyar kuzhambu may be act as stimulant and osmotic purgative at the same time it can use as a treatment aspect of many diseases. This study gives documentary evidence of Agathiyar kuzhambu as a purgative & possess many pharmacological activities in Siddha medicine. Keywords: Agathiyar kuzhambu, Siddha Medicine, Purgative, Croton tiglium
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8

Sri D, Packia, and Kingsly A. "FTIR Analysis of Siddha Medicine Chandra Prabhava Chendooram." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210519.

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Background: The Siddha system of medicine is one among part of the AYUSH system. The Siddha medicine is used to treat various diseases, especially in Genital tract diseases. In siddha system medicines were prepared from Herbals, Minerals, salts, and Metals as well as the marine and animal products are also used in the system. The drug CHANDRA PRABHAVA CHENDOORAM is basically a crystal powder in nature which is used in Siddha medicine for Genital tract disorders. Objective: To explore the elemental characterization of the mineral Chandra prabhava chendooram. Methods: The Functional Group studied through FTIR study. It can be correlated in WHO recommended parameters for confirmed the standardizations in above drug. Results: In FTIR studies should markedly increase value from 3678.25 to 3745.76 respectively, which is indicated it contains most of them. Conclusion: All the modern scientific parameters provide it is minimal size particles and good characteristic nature of the drug. So, Chandra prabhava chendooram is highly therapeutic and bio availability value used cured in genital tract disease. Key words: Chandra prabhava chendooram, FTIR, Siddha Medicine, genital tract disease.
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9

S, Premavathy. "Siddha Medicine used by Gombaipatti People in Salem District." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-16 (December 12, 2022): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1625.

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Even today siddha medicines are very useful for people. In India no great medical research is undertaken for siddha medicines. Seekan Balku undertook a research on the medical notes written in palm print manuscripts. Natural medicinal products such as turmeric, ginger, pepper is used by Tamil people on a daily basis. All of these products are anti-inflammatory and so led a healthy life. Having all these products daily prevents various disease. These products are used in siddha medicine. People believe that the mantras used by people can bring prosperity.
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10

Sieler, Roman. "Mercurial Medicines." Asian Medicine 17, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 148–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341510.

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Abstract Using ethnographic data, this article suggests that the therapeutic use of various mercury compounds in siddha medicine has so far not decreased despite international regulation of the substance and discussions surrounding the safety of mercury. Siddha practitioners portray mercury as central to their therapeutics. The article demonstrates this for different contexts, including the preparation of mercuric medicines; the production of mercury amulets; and recent research studies on mercury-based siddha drugs, targeting, for instance, dementia-related syndromes. Contextualizing siddha mercurial procedures and preparations through interlinking therapeutic, historical, and global frames underscores the fact that mercury use in siddha medicine today derives from alchemical traditions, but also transcends them. It is embedded in political contexts of science and healthcare in India, as it answers to concerns about safety and toxicity and at the same time takes center stage in negotiating siddha medical specialty and alterity vis-à-vis other medical practices, most notably ayurveda.
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11

A, Anand Ganapathy, Alaganandam Kumaran, and Lekha G. S. "A Review on Prevention of COVID 19 - Siddha perspective." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 11, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 594–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v11i4.1698.

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Introduction: Siddha is one of the ancient traditional medicine systems originated in South India which incorporates the extensive use of herbs, inorganic substances and animal products for maintaining a healthy life. Siddha system of medicine (SSM) has diverse and extensive use of natural resources for the prevention and management of comorbid conditions, widespread epidemic or pandemic diseases. Methodology: This article is the review on Siddha literatures, research and review articles in Google Scholar, major scientific databases such as SciFinder, Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct and Springer using the major terminologies COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, epidemic, immune-modulatory, antiviral, environmental sanitization and Siddha. The collected data’s are extracted as SARS-COV-2 outline, Basic concepts, communicable diseases and preventive measures revealed in Siddha system of Medicine. Moreover the authors have tabulated the herbs used as health promoters and immune-modulators in Siddha, herbs used for fumigation and sanitization and the herbal ingredients used in important Siddha formulations for the management of infectious diseases. Conclusion: Many of the active principles present in the herbs are studied, proven to be effective immune-modulators, antivirals, anti-asthmatic and anti-inflammatory agents, which may also be effective towards the control of COVID-19. However, further scientific studies and data are required to support the use of Siddha medicines and herbs.
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12

Rageth, Nina. "A Reciprocal Relationship." Asian Medicine 13, no. 1-2 (September 10, 2018): 222–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341414.

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AbstractThis article studies the interplay between Siddha medicine and Santhigiri, a Hindu guru organization in South India. Based on insights gained through ethnographic research in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, it analyzes how Santhigiri fashions itself as an indispensable actor in the restoration of Siddha medicine and valorizes its current Siddha medical activities. The article examines the dynamics that facilitate Santhigiri’s patronage of Siddha medicine and contribute to its continuing participation in the Siddha medical system. This social formation is conceptualized through the Bourdieusian framework of capital, arguing that Santhigiri’s appropriation of Siddha medicine bestows symbolic capital upon the organization, enabling it to secure and maintain a favorable position in the field of Hindu guru organizations. Furthermore, the article shows how, by adopting Siddha medicine, a religious organization such as Santhigiri with the necessary structural and financial means and a reputation for transcending economic interests extends the distribution of Siddha medicine beyond the Tamil community. Thus, the article emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between a religious organization and a medical system, arguing for the explanatory potential of conceiving of medicine as effective capital for religious organizations and, vice versa, of religious organizations as actors shaping the realm of medicine in India.
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13

Gnanasoundran, Vanitha, and Thanigaivelan Dhandayuthapani. "Siddha medicine practitioners and their knowledge, attitude and practice about tuberculosis patients: an observational study in Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20185503.

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Background: Siddha medicine is one of the commonest alternative medicine among AYUSH (ayurveda, yoga and naturopathy, unani, siddha, homeopathy) medicine practiced in Tamilnadu, one of the southern states of India, where it originated originally. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of siddha medicine practitioners towards Tuberculosis, a leading infectious disease-causing increased mortality and morbidity in the country where world’s one fifth of the diseased patients of tuberculosis live and how these alternative medicine practitioners are helping the national programme of eradicating TB in 2025 with their practice.Methods: A Questionnaire was prepared regarding the symptoms, investigations, treatment of TB and about its knowledge of recent trend. One siddha medicine practitioner was randomly selected from the 32 districts of the state from the registry, interviewed and assessed.Results: Out of the 32 siddha practitioners interviewed, 96% referred the tuberculosis patients to the nearby government hospitals for the antituberculous treatment but with the supportive siddha medicine. Regarding the awareness or update of the recent change in the TB regime and the national programme, only 10% of the siddha medicine practitioners were sensitised that too only those working in government hospitals.Conclusions: Siddha medicine practitioners mostly referred the tuberculosis patients, but they are insisting on the supportive role of siddha medicine along with the standard anti tuberculous drugs for the general improvement of the patient. Also, the sensitisation programmes for these Siddha practitioners should be initiated for the better outcome of the RNTCP (Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme), especially in the private setup.
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Janani, Singarajah, and Antony Duraichi R. "Siddha Formulation Kadikara Chendooram: A Drug Review." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210425.

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Traditional system of healing that originated in South India and considered to be one of Indian’s oldest systems of medicine. The Siddha system of medicine described about 32 forms of internal medicines in Siddha text. Among these forms, Chendooram is the one form of internal medicine. The aim of this drug review is to validate the Siddha meto- mineral formulation Kadikara chendooram with scientific evidences. The medicinal uses and therapeutic actions of the part of each ingredient used in this formulation matched with current research findings from various research publications. Through this extensive review on Siddha and recent research reports minimal scientific validation has been carried out on various pharmacological actions and therapeutic benefits of each ingredient of Kadikara chendooram. The ingredients present in this formulation have effective in the treatment of Hemiplegia and diarrhea / dysentery. Based on this evidence of Siddha literature and the modern scientific research studies also provide keyhole which result are Anti-Platelet aggregation, Thrombolytic, Anti-diarrhoeal, Antimicrobial activities most presents in ingredient of Kadikara chendooram as evident from the current review. Key words: Kadikara chendooram, Hemiplegia, Siddha system.
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15

Subbarayappa, BV. "Siddha medicine: an overview." Lancet 350, no. 9094 (December 1997): 1841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(97)04223-2.

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16

Natarajan, Kanchana. "Virgin Creatrix / Bountiful Womb." Asian Medicine 17, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341506.

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Abstract This article explores the ambivalent view of women that is frequently found in siddha thought and poetry. The first section describes the Siddhars’ attitude toward women in various sources, some of which explicate the notion of the gendered “ghost” and warn of corrupting or malign influences. This attitude contrasts sharply with the “virgin” goddess Vālai, who is seen as a generative force and goddess of learning and knowledge. The second section explores the siddha cosmology of Vālai and the linkage with vālai (mercury) in siddha alchemy. The third section focuses on the objectification of the female body present in some Siddhars’ views. It concludes that the anticaste and anti-Brahminical perspective prominent in some siddha writings does not permit an egalitarian view of gender: women in general are often presented as limited and primarily reproductive beings, inscribed in reductive terms that are a glaring contrast to the exaltation of Vālai.
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17

S, Vigneshwari, and Antony Duraichi R. "Scientific Validation on the Effect of Siddha Sashtric Formulations in Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting – A Review." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210424.

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Siddha system is one of the major Indian systems of medicine. Siddha sashtric formulations are used for the treatment and management of non communicable diseases like stroke, cancer, diabetes, chronic lung diseases etc. Of these, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. CINV is a significant burden for patients undergoing anticancer therapy. Nausea and vomiting are rated as two of the most distressing symptoms by chemotherapy patients and have been shown to significantly and adversely affect quality of life and physical function during treatment (Carelle et al., 2002). Many siddha sashtric formulations are available for nausea and vomiting. All of the available information about Siddha anti emetic Formulations, their ingredients and chemical constituents were collected from the rich collection of ancient Siddha books held in the library, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli. Electronic searches also made. They also have the therapeutic actions like anticancer, antioxidant, anti inflammatory, chemo preventive, gastro protective etc. This review explains the scientific evidences for the effect of Siddha Sashric formulations in the treatment and management of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. This documentation provides the baseline information about the therapeutic importance of Siddha medicines in chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting and it will be useful for further clinical trials. Key words: Siddha medicine, cancer, chemotherapy, CINV, nausea and vomiting.
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18

S., Bhani. "Traditional Siddha Medicine The Ancient Art Of Siddha Pulse Diagnosis." Journal of Indian Studies 10 (December 23, 2020): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jis.sp2013no1.15.

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19

Rathinam, Susila, Kannan Muthiah, Sathiyarajeswaran Parameswaran, Kavitha Tamilarasan, Esaivani Selvarajan, and Usha Ayyasamy. "Analogy of Kaba Suram with COVID-19 Symptoms - A Siddha Literature Review." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 11, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v11i4.1674.

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Kaba Suram (phlegmatic fever) is one among the 64 types of Suram (Pyrexia/fever), its synonyms, causes, pathology and characteristics have been mentioned crystal clear in Siddha literature. Its clinical features have been mentioned in few literatures such as Theran karisal, Suravagadam, Yugi chinthamani etc., which are almost similar to each other. The present day pandemic disease COVID-19 which still lacks specific drug towards its management or prophylaxis has become the spectrum of research focus in current scenario. Upon keen understanding of the Siddha literature the signs and symptoms of Kaba Suram fall in line with COVID-19 and a few other flu like illnesses. Therefore, the herbal decoction Kaba Sura Kudineer (KSK) indicated for the management of Kaba Suram has been recommended by the Siddha research community towards an integrated approach in tackling this worldwide emergency. The current scientific community demands evidence based explanation to understand the concept of Siddha system of medicine and necessitates International standards to reassure the efficacy of Siddha medicine. In this aspect, this review is aimed at evaluating all the available informations on Kaba Suram in Siddha literature and pathophysiology of COVID-19 and to interpret the search results in terms of pathophysiology of Kaba Suram based on Mukkutram theory. This effort would therefore enable the Siddha research community to opt for effective Siddha medicines to manage the present pandemic situation.
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Amuthan, Arul, and Muthu Santhi. "Cost effective Management of Chronic Psoriasis using safe Siddha herbal drugs – A Case Report." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2020.6103.

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Traditional Siddha medicine is popular for the management of Psoriasis. This article reports one chronic psoriatic case that was successfully treated with Siddha drugs. A psoriasis patient with chronic history of eight years was under conventional therapy. Due to side effects and recurrence, he visited Siddha clinic. He was prepared for Siddha treatment with a single early morning dose of Agasthyar kuzhampu. Sivanar vembu kuzhi thailam, karbogi mathirai and Raktha suddhi mathirai were administered orally for three months. Vetpalai thailam was applied externally for three months. The lesions were gradually reduced and completely disappeared in three months of treatment without any side effects. Diarrhea, nausea and tiredness were observed for one day during the administration of Agasthyar kuzhampu. The total cost for the Siddha therapy was INR 5,000 for three months. Siddha medicines could be cost effective and safe in the management of psoriasis.
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Priyadarshini, S., H. Vetha Merlin Kumari, S. Mohan, and R. Meenakumari. "STANDARDIZATION OF PULIYAARAI NEI: A SIDDHA POLY HERBAL FORMULATION." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 11, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1105172.

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Siddha is one of the Indian systems of medicine which is widely practiced in Tamil Nadu, India. Siddha insists to lead a healthy life both physically and mentally. Siddhars have classified 4448 disease, based on the three humoral pathologies. Among them Ratha Moolam (Bleeding piles) is classified under Eruvaimulainoi. Puliyaarai Nei has indication for Ratha Moolam (Bleeding piles) as per siddha text Aathmaratchamirthamennumvaithiyasaarasangiragam (siddha vaithiyathinaathinool). The drug is prepared as per the method mentioned in the Siddha literature. Drug standardization of herbal formulations is essential for their acceptance in this scientific medical world. In this article Physicochemical, Phytochemical, biochemical analysis and other standardization methods of one such polyherbal medicated ghee Puliyaarai nei are discussed. The organoleptic characteristics, pH, Iodine number, Saponification value, Peroxidase value, Acid value were studied. The Qualitative study was done in biochemistry and the results are as follows, puliyaarai nei showed the Presence of carbonate, aluminium, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, mercury, starch, arsenic and alkaloid. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done for the presence of flavonoids, steroids and betacyanin. HPTLC finger printing, Heavy metal analysis, Pesticide residues, Microbial contamination were studied as per the Pharmacopoeial laboratory standards of Indian medicine. In results, it was found that the specified drug was containing various phytochemicals and is free from microbial contamination, and pesticide residues. The heavy metals such as Arsenic, Mercury, Cadmium and Lead are not detected.
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Sasi Priya T. "Impact of siddha kaya karpam: A preventive intervention for COVID-19: A review." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.12.2.0203.

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The Siddha system of medicine is not only well known for its curative measures but also this system spreads its wings over preventive measures too. COVID-19 is the contagious disease caused by the recently identified and named as Novel corona virus (SARS CoV-2). Its spread is considered to be the current pandemic. In this situation prevention is considered to be wiser than treatment. In Siddha system of medicine, a wide range of immune boosting formulations are available. In which Siddha Kaya karpam is also one among the treatment modality to increase one’s immunity. Inji, Chukku (Zingiber officinale) and Kadukkai (Terminalia chebula) are few Kaya karpam herbs (Rejuvenators). This article focuses on review about anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti- pyretic, immuno modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of Inji, Chukku and Kadukkai. The result of this review provides promising hope as it consists of rich anti- oxidant, immunomodulating and also has appreciable anti-viral property particularly against respiratory viruses. This study concluded that consuming the above said Siddha Kaya Karpam medicines will improve the immunity, which helps in prevention of COVID -19.
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S, Pavithra, Elansekaran S, Shakthi Paargavi Ambalavanan, Gayathri R, Srinivasan V, Ramamurthy M, and Christian G J. "A literary review of congruences and distinctions in the fundamental concepts of Siddha and Ayurveda." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 13, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v13i1.2446.

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Siddha and Ayurveda system of medicine are important field of traditional medicine with Vedic and post Vedic origin in India. Both the system of medicine were formulated by Noblemen who are known by different names like Sage, Rishi’s, etc. Siddha and Ayurveda systems of medicine have many similarities like humoral pathology (Thridhosham/ thrithodam), usage of herbs, and diagnostic methods to name a few and also few differences.Various Siddha and Ayurveda literatures were reviewed to document scientific and rationale diversities prevailing in Siddha and Ayurveda fundamental concepts namely Siddha maruthuvanga churukkam, Sushrutha Samhita etc. Based on the review of literature, some scientific diversities and rationales are prevailing in the Siddha and Ayurveda systems of medicine. Even though both the systems seem to be similar, all the basic concepts in the Siddha system comes under a single entity called 96 thathuvas. Whereas in the Ayurveda system of medicine, the basic concepts are not organized under a single entity. Neither system of medicine is higher than the other and each system of medicine is unique in its own.
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R, Divya. "SARS-COV-2 and Kabasura Kudineer. A Mini review on the antiviral properties of ancient siddha medicine from India." Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery 1, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-2156/010.

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As on 8 June 2020, World Health Organization reports that there were 6 931 000 COVID-19 cases, 400 857 deaths worldwide. In India has 256 611 COVID-19 cases, and 7135 deaths. The current situation demands more effective preventive and therapeutic agents. Siddha medicine is one of the oldest Indian systems of medicine. And it is most commonly practiced in India. Siddha medicine, a traditional form of indigenous medical system uses specific polyherbal formulations for the treatment of such infections with considerable success. Disparate modern medicine that doesn’t have an impact on the host immunity, Siddha medicine has various immuno-modulatory effects. Various herbs used in siddha medicine such as Amukkara, Nilavembu augments and reinstates the human immunity ensuing its antiviral action.
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Thamilarasan, Vinodhini, Shakthi Paargavi Ambalavanan, Elansekaran Selladurai, Ramamurthy Murugan, Srinivasan Venkatachalam, and Christian Gnanaraj Johnson. "Postulation of Siddha tri-humoral vitiation in pathogenesis of novel Corona virus disease." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 13, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v13i1.2442.

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Background: On March 12, 2020, WHO declared Novel Coronavirus disease as a pandemic outbreak all over the world. The outbreak had led the medical sector to a new platform, in the implementation of ancient knowledge of the Siddha medicine in treatment, management, and prevention of this prevailing pandemic. According to Siddha science, any vitiation in the life force is the main cause of diseases in human beings. pandemic diseases caused due to infectious microorganisms are called ‘Kollai Noigal’ in various Siddha literatures. Aim and objective: To classify the Novel Coronavirus disease based on the Siddha Humoural principles and to elicit the changes of Ninety-six Thatthuvam (Ninety - six basic principles), Uyir Thathukkal and Udal Thathukkal. Materials and methods: This study is accomplished mainly for literature research. Various Siddha texts such as Sattamuni gnanam, Agathiyar Gunavagadam, Agathiyar vallathi Naadi, Theraiyar Sekarappa, etc. were referred. Numerous research articles on COVID 19 were critically reviewed from Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. Discussion: By critically reviewing the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 with Siddha science, the authors had thrown light especially on the involvement of all basic components of the Tri thodam particularly Mukkutram verupadu (Tri humoral vitiation) in eliciting the pathogenesis of the disease. Conclusion: In this scientific review, the authors have attempted to comprehend the pathogenesis of Novel coronavirus disease in the context of Siddha's basic principles.
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K, Kamaraj. "Medicines Used by the People of Anaikaraipatti in Madurai for Children and Elders." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-16 (December 12, 2022): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1626.

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Siddha medicine are used by the people traditionally to cure disease. Usually the people live around village don’t spend money for medicines. Instead they use the leaves and other medicinal herbs which grow in their village. By knowing the medicinal properties, they cure various diseases. They cure many diseases using this medicine. This type of Siddha medicines is still in use among village people. So, this Article is about the medicinal herbs and how these herbs cure the disease among the children and elders.
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M.G.L., Velayutham. "Siddha Medicine-A Short Introduction." Journal of Indian Studies 10 (October 17, 2020): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jis.sp2013no1.2.

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Manthiramoorthiyapillai, S. "Siddha Medicine and Mental Illness." International Journal of Social and Economic Research 2, no. 2 (2012): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.2249-6270.2.2.035.

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Ramamurthy, Shanmugapriya, Raj Immanuel, Sheeja Varghese, Lakshmi Kantham, Muruganandhan Jayanandan, and Ajit Vikram. "Analysing the practice of ancient Tamil traditional medicine in management of oral diseases: a survey of Siddha practioners in Chennai." Journal of Complementary Medicine Research 13, no. 4 (2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcmr.2022.13.04.29.

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Background: Siddha is an ancient Indian traditional medicine system that originated in Tamil Nadu and is known to the world as a safe and effective alternative to western medicine. Based on medicinal alchemy, it strives to impart power and longevity to people. It has applications in a wide range of human ailments including dental diseases. There is need for research in the use of Siddha medicine in dentistry. Our study aims to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice of dentistry in Siddha practitioners in Chennai, India. Methods: Standardized and validated questionnaire to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice of dentistry in Siddha practitioners was employed to random practitioners of Central Siddha Institute, Chennai. We assessed their attitude towards oral diseases, treatment methodology and to determine the types and parts of herbs used for management of oral diseases. Results and conclusions: 93 professionals provided valid responses. Pertinent data was obtained on the most common dental complaints of patients, the common dental diagnoses, various plants used, the medicinal part of the plants, the mechanism of action, the mode of preparation, use of metals and preservatives etc. This study, being one of the first in eliciting unique responses from Siddha practitioners regarding dentistry, could pioneer further research in developing safe and effective traditional therapies for dental disorders.
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M, Kirubhakarana S., Vadivelan S, Sarojini T, and Mathukumar S. "Approaching SARS-COV-2 through Immune boosting herbs - A scoping review." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 12, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v12i3.1997.

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SARS- COV-2 a RNA virus which produce a serious ill-effects and brings the world under a common word Lockdown. Thus lockdown brings down the rate of spreading of cases, but severity of the illness is managed by combined therapy both Modern and Traditional system of medicine (Siddha, Ayurveda, Homeopathy). Immune boosting herbs is need of the hour in this pandemic situation. Immune boosters improves overall immunity of the host through cellular and humoral immunity. During Dengue pandemic situation a polyhebral preparation Nilavembu kudineer- siddha sastric medicine and Carica papaya leaf extract highly works. During this pandemic covid situation Tulsi, Lemon, Arathai and siddha sastric medicine kabasura kudineer works in prevention, mild and moderate cases. There is a growing interest to the herbal medicine to modulate the complex immune system in preventing infections. The aim of the review is to give hope and to boost the research in herbal medicines during this pandemic situation.
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John Raja, Nikil Niva, Ashttalakshmi Anjapuli, Suganya Poongavanam, Dineshkumar Sivakumar, Sasirekha Ranganathan, and Anbu Natarajan. "Efficacy of Siddha medicine in the treatment of COVID- 19 patients - A pilot study." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 12, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v12i3.2030.

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The pandemic triggered by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) invariably questions the health security of people around the globe. It’s also strongly advocates the need for unique health care practice that substantially prevents the infection and practice of controlling the disease transmission. Alternate therapy with viable medications that can adequately strengthen the immune system to enhance the speedy recovery of the patients becomes the need of the hour. Siddha system of medicine is one such versatile practice that emerged before centuries that incorporates the practice of availing potential remedies from herbal and another natural origin. Still, now there is no proper documentary evidence on evaluating the efficacy of Siddha treatment in the clinical management of COVID-19, hence the main objective of the present pilot study is to investigate the potential of Siddha formulations such as Aadathodai kudineer, Thaalisaathi chooranam, Thulasi chooranam, Pavala parpam, Bramaanandha Bairava Maathirai and Thoothuvalai nei in treatment and accelerating the recovery of COVID19 patients. A Study was executed in 25 patients with laboratory- confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The Outcome of the present clinical study signifies that treatment with Siddha medicines significantly accelerated recovery of patients by stabilising the immune mechanism which was evidenced by pronouncing declination in CRP (C- reactive protein), neutrophil, lymphocytes, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatinine, Serum Albumin and Serum Urea level almost back to the normal. In conclusion therapy with Siddha medicines opened a new gateway in the clinical practice on managing COVID-19 due presence of vital phytotherapeutics that showcase multiple pharmacological activities against risky pathogens like SARS-CoV-2.
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Sébastia, Brigitte. "Explorative Study of Indian Medicines in Singapore." Asian Medicine 17, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 213–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341512.

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Abstract Compared to ayurveda, siddha medical practice and use outside India has hardly been investigated. Based on an ethnography of siddha and ayurveda clinics conducted in 2019 in Singapore, and secondarily, in southern Malaysia, this paper analyzes the development of these medicines in terms of adaptations, transformations, and the strategies or avoidance necessary to respond to clients/patients’ demands and to fit in with the regulations for traditional medicines. Whereas siddha medicine is well established in Malaysia, it is hardly discernible in Singapore, represented by only two clinics: a long-standing one reflecting the tradition, and a recent one, illustrating the process of modernization impelled by the institutionalization of medical knowledge. The practice of ayurveda, by contrast, has seen a significant expansion since the beginning of the twenty-first century in these two countries, a dynamism impelled by its reputation abroad which has been spurring Indian practitioners to migrate and popularize it.
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Carl Lewis John, Leo Praveen Chelliah, and Guru Prasad Chelliah. "Kayakalpam (Rejuvenative) herbs: An immunomodulators in Siddha system of medicine: A scientific review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.2.0167.

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Background: Kayakalpam (Rejuvenative) medicine is one of the prime treatment technique in the Siddha system of medicine. Kayakalpam has potential to heal, rejuvenate and balance the vatham, pitham and kapam (tri-dhosas) which make the body and mind to attain its stability. Several studies have been done on Kayakalpam medicines, but, this review article states about few Kayakalpam herbs, their chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and its immuno-modulatory mechanism towards the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases and several other diseases. Methods: A literature review was conducted using the following scientific databases: PubMed, Research gate, Science Direct, Google scholar, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India. The aim was to identify published data on traditionally used medicinal plant for rejuvenation and immuno-modulatory effect. From that, few Kayakalpam herbs have been chosen which has been mentioned in the Siddha literature and reviewed its nature. Conclusion: This literature review reveals the potential effect of Kayakalpam herbs and its nature. Beyond any doubt it will help in prevention and management of non-communicable diseases and several other diseases.
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Sendhilkumar Muthappan, Muralidass SD, Eswaran Chinraji, and Mantela Durairajan. "Concept and description of Madhumegam (Diabetes mellitus) in Siddha System of Medicine." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (March 28, 2020): 1302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.1985.

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Rapid socio-economic development and demographic changes, along with an increased susceptibility for Indian individuals, have led to the explosive increase in the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in India over the past four decades. Siddha System is one of the oldest Traditional Systems of Medicine in India and predominantly practiced in southern India especially in Tamil Nadu. The vital part of Siddha Medicine is to revitalize and rejuvenate dysfunctional organs that cause the disease and to maintain a healthy body and mind. According to Siddha, all objects and living bodies are composed of five basic structural elements (Panchabhutams), namely earth, water, fire, air, and vacuum (ether). Siddha believes in the theory of Tridoshams, namely wind (Vaatham), bile (Piththam), and phlegm (Kabam). The Madhumegam has 20 types which divided into Vaatham- 4, Piththam- 6 and Kabam- 10 types. Madhumegam is a clinical condition characterized by the frequent passage of urine more than the normal resulting in deterioration and diminution of Seven Thathus. The diagnosis in the Siddha system is based on the Land (Nilam), Season (Kaalam), Pori alaridhal, Pulan alarithal, Threedosham status (Mukkutra Nilaigal), Udal Thathukal Nilai and Envagai Thervugal. As the researchers looking an alternative way for treating this high burden disease, it is the need of the hour to invests more on to create the evidence to prevent, control and treat this high burden disorder by synthesizing the evidence from the Siddha.
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Murogaiah, Annadurai. "Siddha Medicine and Disease Free Life." Journal of Indian Studies 10 (December 23, 2020): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jis.sp2013no1.19.

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Kanakavalli, K. "Immunomodulators in Siddha system of medicine." Journal of Research in Siddha Medicine 3, no. 2 (2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jrsm.jrsm_6_22.

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V, Rekha, and Essakky Pandian G. "Review on Siddha Drug: Panchalavana Parpam." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210518.

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In Siddha system, medicine includes the herbal products, inorganic substances and animal products that lead to different formulations ranging from low shelf life drug to high shelf life drug. Parpam is the powdered substance generally obtained by calcification of purified metals, minerals and animal products by specific process. The current review aims to explore about Siddha formulation “Panchalavana Parpam” for the management of Kiraani and associated symptom. The details about the Siddha formulation “Panchalavana Parpam” was acquired from Siddha text Boghar 700: Pg. No: 49 and the details of each ingredients of above drug were collected from various Siddha texts. According to the results, all five ingredient of this preparation having the potency of relieving Soolai, Kiraani, gunmam, like gastero intestinal tract diseases. This preliminary literature review related research provides useful documentary evidences for medicinal ingredients those are commonly using to prepare the medicine for health management. Key words: Panchalavana Parpam, gunmam, Kiraani Siddha system.
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Samraj, K., K. Nandhagopal, S. Radha, S. Rajalakshmi, K. Arunachalam, and K. Kanakavalli. "A National Web Conference on Integrated Siddha Approach in Clinical Practice and Research on COVID-19 Pandemic (ISACC)- Tirupati, December 2020." Journal of Natural Remedies 21, no. 3 (July 6, 2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2021/27282.

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Siddha Clinical Research Unit (SCRU) Tirupati, working under the Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, conducted a National Web conference titled “Integrated Siddha Approach in Clinical Practice and Research on COVID-19 Pandemic (ISACC)” on 23<sup>rd</sup> Dec 2020, as a part of the fourth Pre-Siddha Day observance. Totally, 256 participants from Siddha colleges and various institutes of CCRS attended the Web conference and 9 eminent Speakers share their knowledge at the conference. The Technical session was separated by three panels, (i)Siddha Standalone and Integrative Clinical trials on COVID-19, (ii)Siddha Preventive and Prophylactic Measures on COVID-19, (iii)Experiences in Siddha Integrative Clinical Practice on COVID-19. The take home message of the conference insisted upon the three facts - the need for more clinical trials , need for increased experience sharing platforms for Siddha medical system and finally that Siddha standalone as well as integration for COVID-19 management gave significant outcome in both preventive and promotive healthcare. Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India and Directorate of Indian Medicine and Homeopathy (DIM&amp;H), Government of Tamil Nadu, contributed a lot in Research and services in COVID-19 pandemic.
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Kanagarathinam, D. V. "Competing Narratives." Asian Medicine 17, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 85–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341508.

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Abstract This article traces the trajectories of the historical narratives of Tamil medicine from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century in the Madras presidency. It examines how different actors promoted different historical narratives that were influenced by contemporary political, social, and cultural factors. Marking out pre- siddha (up to 1921) and siddha (after 1921) eras of Tamil medicine, it traces the work of Ayothidoss Pandithar, the split after 1921 between ayurveda and siddha traditions, and how particular narratives became dominant through the participation of key actors in powerful political and cultural movements and colonial institutions. It offers a corrective to the dominant upper-caste non-Brahmin Tamil siddha narrative by drawing attention to the marginalization of Dalit physicians and bringing into focus hitherto unrecognized critical voices such as Pandit Narayana Iyengar and S. R. V. Das.
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Sébastia, Brigitte. "Preserving Identity or Promoting Safety? The Issue of Mercury in Siddha Medicine: A Brake on the Crossing of Frontiers." Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques 69, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 933–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asia-2015-1043.

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Abstract Since the publication of a sanitary alert on the toxicity of ayurvedic products by Robert B. Saper and colleagues in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in 2004, the image of ayurveda as a safe alternative or complement to biomedicine has sharply deteriorated in North America and Europe. In reaction, some western countries have forbidden the import of the herbal products denounced by Saper and colleagues’ warning, and the Government of India has taken measures to implement its rules on their production to ensure the full safety of the products intended for both export and national markets. This seriously hinders the export of siddha remedies as they may contain metals, mercury being one of their iconic ingredients. It has also created problems for their production, as the companies that manufacture siddha products are, in general, less developed than their ayurvedic counterparts. I will discuss this event and its impact on regulations in Europe, the United States and Canada and in India in the first part of this chapter. In the second part, I will explore the ideological and spiritual position of siddha medicine and its relation to iatrochemistry in order to comprehend why it has the reputation of a metal- and mineral-based medicine, and in particular, a mercury-based medicine. The third part, based on research conducted in 2007 on private and governmental siddha firms and the traditional siddha milieu throughout Tamil Nadu, will focus on the production of siddha medicaments and their marketing, as well as on the diverse means by which they cross frontiers for consumption abroad.
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Aishwarya, A., B. K. Priya, and B. Akila. "A 26-Year-Old Woman with Bronchial Asthma and COVID -19 Treated by Stand Alone Siddha Medicine: A Case Report." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20211137.

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Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern. The global population lacks immunity to COVID-19 and is generally susceptible. Underlying conditions, especially chronic respiratory diseases, may affect progression, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19. The majority of people who exposed to COVID-19 suffer only mild respiratory symptoms like cough, cold, difficulty in breathing, etc and these symptoms were correlated with Kaba Suram in the Siddha literature. Case Summary: Siddha Clinical Research Unit, New Delhi (CCRS), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India had reported a patient with confirmed COVID-19 by RT-PCR with bronchial asthma as a co-morbid condition. Recovery time from disease onset to negative test for COVID-19 was 19 days. Conclusion: Since the patient residing in Dwaraka, New Delhi has bronchial asthma as a co-morbid condition, both air pollution and the winter season are likely to increase the severity of the disease. But it was observed that the patient’s condition did not deteriorate, so it could be presumed that the management of COVID-19 with the given Siddha internal medicines and external therapies as a standalone treatment ceased the progress of the disease to a severe stage. Key words: Bronchial Asthma, Corona virus, COVID-19, Kaba Suram, Siddha Medicine.
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Sathyaseela R, Kamalinie R, Bupesh G, Baskar M, and Vasanth S. "Anti Inflammatory effect of Bacopa Monnieri ( Brahmi) on Swollen Joints – A Case Study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): 4074–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2607.

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The arthritis is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease characterized by Pain, edema and stiffness of the joints. Chronic stages of arthritis causes swelling in and around the affected joints. The Siddha herbal medicines are becoming familiar as they possess less adverse effects. Plenty of antiinflammatory herbs are described in Siddha system of medicine. The plant, bacopa monnieri maintains its original place in the management of various diseases, including arthritis, and acts as anti-inflammatory drug. Hardly a few studies are available to prove the antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory properties of Bacopa monnieri. In ancient Siddha literature Bacopa has been highlighted for its antiarthritic properties especially prescribed to reduce the swelling caused by increased synovial effusion. The current study is aimed to assess the antiarthritic and anti inflammatory properties of Bacopa (Brahmi) paste on swollen arthritic joints. A male patient aged 70 was selected from IPD, Pothu maruthuvam department, Sri Sairam Siddha Medical College & Research Center, Chennai -44. Bacopa Paste applied over swollen arthritic ankle joints showed good progress in very few days of treatment.
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Rajkumar, Shyamala, Vinayak S, Eugene Wilson, Shree Devi M S, Vijayakumar V, Sunil Kumar K N, Aravind D, Sivakumar L, and Kanakavalli K. "Concept of standard raw drug substitution in Traditional Siddha Medicine - A Review." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 12, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v12i3.2080.

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Classical Siddha medicine recommends the usage of functionally parallel substitute raw drugs in the scarcity of the original material. The concept of standard raw drug substitution is designated by the Tamil term Matru sarakku, which emphasizes selecting alternatives either in herbal or non-herbal sources based on certain attributes. Functionally similar materials are suggested for balancing the deficit based on such parameters. Literature sources from Siddha medicine and other allied subjects were explored and documented for the inclusive understanding of the concept of ideal substitution. Few of the standard substitutes mentioned in the classical Siddha literature were evaluated in a scientific account for its justification. An outlook on different specimens as described in the ancient texts of Tamil medicine indicates the usage of substitutes from numerous plants, animals, and other metallo-mineral ingredients. The rationale of selecting alternatives primarily depends on the equivalent following traditional attributes like organoleptic entities, potency, division, general properties, specific actions, and medicinal uses of the material shared between the raw drugs. This must undergo a systematic evaluation by pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies to justify current practices of substitution. A systematic document in these lines will give a proper guideline for the effective employment of substitute drugs in the current scenario of dwindling official botanical sources for many Traditional Siddha formulations.
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Sonitha, S., D. Sivaraman, and V. Rani. "Acute and subacute toxicity profiles on siddha drug Thulasi Ennai in wistar rats." Journal of Phytopharmacology 9, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2020.9604.

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Medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicines for their unmatched availability of bioactive compounds. Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children worldwide. It is ranked 16th among the leading causes of years lived with disability. Medicinal plants have placed a vital role in the siddha system of medicine over centuries to cure acute and chronic illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate toxicity analysis to evaluate safety of the siddha drug Thulasi Ennai in vivo in wistar albino rats. Thulasi Ennai is a polyherbal siddha formulation mentioned in the ancient siddha books and literature, indicated to cure childhood bronchial asthma. In this study, Thulasi Ennai administered orally at a single dose of 2000mg/kg body weight and monitored for 14 days. For subacute toxicity study, Thulasi Ennai was orally administered in different doses of 200,400mg/kg body weight, daily for 28 days. At the end of each study physical parameters, hematological, biochemical and histopathological analysis were evaluated. No animals in each group of acute or subacute toxicity study showed mortality or clinical signs of toxicity throughout the study. Hence, the results of the study indicate a safe toxicological profile of Thulasi Ennai.
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A, Elavarasi. "A Literature Review of Perumpaadu Management in Siddha." International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science 02, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijpbms/v2-i11-06.

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Perumpaadu, (Menorrhagia) is one of the commonest gynaecological complaints, affecting 10-15 % of the adult female population. It is an abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) occurring at any age but the problem is common in woman over 35 years. It causes considerable morbidity. It can cause the patient to become anaemic. On the contrary patient develops the risk of cancer of reproductive organs [15]. Ancient and traditional medicines have been used to handle menorrhagia for many centuries. Our siddha system of medicine is very effective in treating such problems. This article reveals the treatment of menorrhagia according to their in siddha aspect
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46

N, Sabari Girija, Sakthimanipriya L, Sinekha MA, Prithiviraj K, Shanmugapriya P, and Madhavan R. "Physico-chemical characterization of Annapavala Chenduram - A Siddha herbo marine formulation." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 13, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v13i3.2862.

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Annapavala Chendhuram (APC) is the herbo – marine formulation in Siddha. Annabedhi (Green vitriol) is one of the Uparasam (Hydro chemicals) and Kodipavalam (Coral) is one of the Navamanigal (Nine gems). These both are the main ingredients of APC. Present day demand of Siddha formulations has been raised globally due to increased response towards Siddha system of medicine. Therefore, certain things like standardization, quality control, and safety became essential requirements for Siddha formulations. The test drug APC was prepared at Gunapadam (Pharmacology) lab of National Institute of Siddha, Chennai as per traditional method (incineration) mentioned in the classical texts. Physico‑chemical and instrumental analysis including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed as per PLIM (Pharmacopeia Laboratory of Indian Medicine) guidelines. The pH of test drug APC was 8.34. It contains 0.56% acid insoluble ash and Solubility in the water was 6.75%. Quantitative measures of chloride, sulphate, carbonate, iron, calcium, sodium and potassium was 0.63%, 1.21%, 11.84%, 19.56%, 14.85%, 2.2%, 3.5% respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis revealed that particle size of APC about 200nm. This study suggests that quality specifications of APC can be developed using parameters described in Siddha along with analytical tools available today.Text
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M., Meenakshi Sundaram, Logamanian M., and Banumathi V. "Paediatric Management in Siddha System of Medicine." International Journal of Advanced Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy 6, no. 1 (July 22, 2017): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijaayush.282.

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Sabarianandh, JV, Kumarappan Manimekalai, and Lazer Bernaitis. "COVID-19 in Siddha Medicine: A Review." SBV Journal of Basic, Clinical and Applied Health Science 3, no. 2 (2020): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10082-02256.

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49

Somasundaram, O., T. Jayaramakrishnan, and M. Sureshkumar. "Psychiatry in Siddha (Tamil) System of Medicine." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 9, no. 1 (January 1986): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975156419860108.

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50

M, Shakthi Priya, and Essakky Pandian G. "Drug Review on Siddha Drug - Thirikadugadhi Mandooram." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210521.

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Abstract:
Siddha system is an oldest system of traditional medicine originating in ancient Tamilnadu in South India. In Siddha system, medicine includes the herbal products, inorganic substances and animal products that lead to different formulations ranging from low shelf life drug to high shelf life drug. Thirikadugadhi Mandooram is a poly herbo-mineral formulation used to treat Anaemia, Jaundice, Anasarca, Fever, Tuberculosis. This review describes the phytochemicals, pharmacological action and medicinal uses of the part of each ingredient used in this formulation. Ingredients of the formulation and their pharmacological action in various research studies are discussed in this review. The details were collected from different Siddha texts and electronic databases. In conclusion the results of the review revealed that the pharmacological action and the medicinal uses of drug were perfectly matched with each ingredients of formulation. Key words: Siddha system, Thirikadugadhi Mandooram, review.
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