Relevant bibliographies by topics / Medico-legal contexts

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Medico-legal contexts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Medico-legal contexts"

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Robertson, James. "An atlas of skeletal trauma in medico-legal contexts." Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 51, no. 5 (February 28, 2018): 606–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2018.1440900.

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Søndergaard, Elna, Rupert Skilbeck, and Efrat Shir. "Development of interdisciplinary protocols on medico-legal documentation of torture: Sleep deprivation." Torture Journal 29, no. 2 (October 30, 2019): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v29i2.115600.

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Background: The use of psychological torture or torture methods that leave no visible marks (stealth torture) is on the increase in various contexts. However, the difficulties in the documentation of such methods should be recognized by lawyers and health professionals who may benefit from using research-based interdisciplinary instruments to improve their documentation for legal processes - in addition to the United Nations Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or DegradingTreatment or Punishment (1999) (Istanbul Protocol). Objective: With the aim to develop additional instruments for the documentation of various psychological torture methods, this article explains the recommended methodology for such research-based interdisciplinary instruments and the process of developing the first example of this approach relating to sleep deprivation. Development and pilot testing of the Sleep Deprivation Protocol: The pilot-testing of the Protocol by lawyers in the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel (PCATI) has already yielded positive results. Conclusion: Further advanced documentation instruments, using medical evidence in non-torture contexts and legal research, should be developed to effectively identify and record other psychological torture methods.
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Ingravallo, Francesca, Ilaria Cerquetti, Luca Vignatelli, Sandra Albertini, Matteo Bolcato, Maria Camerlingo, Graziamaria Corbi, et al. "Medico-legal assessment of personal damage in older people: report from a multidisciplinary consensus conference." International Journal of Legal Medicine 134, no. 6 (July 17, 2020): 2319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02368-z.

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Abstract Ageing of the global population represents a challenge for national healthcare systems and healthcare professionals, including medico-legal experts, who assess personal damage in an increasing number of older people. Personal damage evaluation in older people is complex, and the scarcity of evidence is hindering the development of formal guidelines on the subject. The main objectives of the first multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Medico-Legal Assessment of Personal Damage in Older People were to increase knowledge on the subject and establish standard procedures in this field. The conference, organized according to the guidelines issued by the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), was held in Bologna (Italy) on June 8, 2019 with the support of national scientific societies, professional organizations, and stakeholders. The Scientific Technical Committee prepared 16 questions on 4 thematic areas: (1) differences in injury outcomes in older people compared to younger people and their relevance in personal damage assessment; (2) pre-existing status reconstruction and evaluation; (3) medico-legal examination procedures; (4) multidimensional assessment and scales. The Scientific Secretariat reviewed relevant literature and documents, rated their quality, and summarized evidence. During conference plenary public sessions, 4 pairs of experts reported on each thematic area. After the last session, a multidisciplinary Jury Panel (15 members) drafted the consensus statements. The present report describes Conference methods and results, including a summary of evidence supporting each statement, and areas requiring further investigation. The methodological recommendations issued during the Conference may be useful in several contexts of damage assessment, or to other medico-legal evaluation fields.
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Alempijevic, Djordje, Rusudan Beriashvili, Jonathan Beynon, Ana Deutsch, Maximo Duque, Pierre Duterte, Adriaan Van Es, et al. "Statement on Virginity Testing." Torture Journal 25, no. 1 (September 26, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v25i1.109509.

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Virginity examinations are practiced in many countries, and often forcibly, in a number of contexts, including in detention places; on women who allege rape; on women who are accused by authorities of prostitution; and as part of public or social policies to control sexuality. In other states, the practice is illegal. The purpose of this medico-legal statement is to provide legal experts, adjudicators, healthcare professionals, and policymakers, among others, with an understanding of the physical and psychological effects of forcibly conducting virginity examinations on females and to assess whether, based on these effects, forcibly conducted virginity examinations constitute cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or torture. This medico-legal statement also addresses the medical interpretation and relevance of such examinations and the ethical implications. This opinion considers an examination to be ‘forcibly conducted’ when it is “committed by force, or by threat of force or coercion, such as caused by fear of violence, duress, detention, psychological oppression or abuse of power, against such person incapable of giving genuine consent.” For full details about the Independent Forensic Expert Group please visit http://www.irct.org/our-support/ medical-and-psychological-case-support/forensic-expertgroup.aspx.
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Hall, Margaret Isabel. "Mental Capacity in the (Civil) Law: Capacity, Autonomy, and Vulnerability." McGill Law Journal 58, no. 1 (January 7, 2013): 61–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013386ar.

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This paper examines mental capacity as a medico-legal social construct and concludes that, while the construct works reasonably well in the contexts of property-related transactions and health-treatment decisions, it is deeply problematic and is a source of dysfunction in the context of guardianship and guardianship-type interventions. There is nothing natural, compelling, or necessary about the concept of mental capacity, and the author proposes an alternate construct more consistent with the purpose of guardianship and guardianship-type interventions: vulnerability. As the capacity construct is deeply enmeshed with a traditional liberal theory of autonomy (the capacity-autonomy equation or paradigm), so the vulnerability construct described here is more consistent with a theory of relational autonomy. The author contends that the conceptual framing provided by the capacity-autonomy paradigm in the guardianship context has precluded the coherent theorization of vulnerability, and she suggests a more coherent framework for doing so by drawing on theories of equity and relational autonomy.
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Cartwright, Ashley. "May the choice be with you: assisting practitioners with selecting appropriate psychometric assessments for the medico legal arena." Journal of Criminal Psychology 9, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-02-2018-0007.

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Purpose Fraudulently claiming symptoms of mental disorder can be very lucrative for those in society who are willing to do so. One context that lends itself well to those willing to fraudulently claim symptoms of mental disorder is the road traffic accident. Previous research has indicated that the assessment practices of those charged with investigating psychological damages in the UK are not suitable in terms of detecting malingering. The purpose of this paper is to provide a “practitioner ready review” that outlines the structured psychometric assessment tools that are recommended and validated by academic research for aiding with the detection of feigned mental disorder. Design/methodology/approach The paper takes a primarily conceptual approach utilising a narrative literature review which is aimed at the forensic practitioner who conducts assessments for psychological damages in contexts where malingering may be of concern. Findings The findings of the present paper will be of use not only to forensic practitioners, but also will be of interest to those who instruct assessments in similar contexts, those who conduct research within this area and those who interpret reports written by forensic practitioners such as the courts. Originality/value To the author’s knowledge the present paper is the first of its kind, which attempts to bridge the gap between academic literature and professional practice to assist forensic examiners incorporate suitable psychometric instruments within their practice. As a result, the paper makes a substantial contribution to the improvement of forensic reporting in the disciplines of psychology and psychiatry.
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Andrews, Jonathan. "From stack-firing to pyromania: medico-legal concepts of insane arson in British, US and European contexts, c. 1800-1913. Part 1." History of Psychiatry 21, no. 3 (August 31, 2010): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x09349705.

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Andrews, Jonathan. "From stack-firing to pyromania: medico-legal concepts of insane arson in British, US and European contexts, c.1800-1913. Part 2." History of Psychiatry 21, no. 4 (December 2010): 387–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x09349706.

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Mesejo, Pablo, Rubén Martos, Óscar Ibáñez, Jorge Novo, and Marcos Ortega. "A Survey on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Biomedical Image Analysis in Skeleton-Based Forensic Human Identification." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 4703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144703.

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This paper represents the first survey on the application of AI techniques for the analysis of biomedical images with forensic human identification purposes. Human identification is of great relevance in today’s society and, in particular, in medico-legal contexts. As consequence, all technological advances that are introduced in this field can contribute to the increasing necessity for accurate and robust tools that allow for establishing and verifying human identity. We first describe the importance and applicability of forensic anthropology in many identification scenarios. Later, we present the main trends related to the application of computer vision, machine learning and soft computing techniques to the estimation of the biological profile, the identification through comparative radiography and craniofacial superimposition, traumatism and pathology analysis, as well as facial reconstruction. The potentialities and limitations of the employed approaches are described, and we conclude with a discussion about methodological issues and future research.
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Finnane, Mark. "‘Irresistible impulse’: historicizing a judicial innovation in Australian insanity jurisprudence." History of Psychiatry 23, no. 4 (November 19, 2012): 454–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x12450128.

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In twentieth-century Australian criminal law a distinctive departure from the M’Naghten Rules developed as a critique of the discourse of reasoning and verdicts applying in the relevant English trials from the 1880s. The English verdict of ‘guilty but insane’ was criticized by the leading jurists as contradictory. In a sequence of influential judgments, the jurist Owen Dixon articulated an approach to the insanity defence that made room for a medico-legal discourse which broadened the possible referents of what it meant to ‘know’ the legality of an act, and also acknowledged the complex behavioural factors that might determine an act of homicide. This paper explores the shaping and significance of this departure and its comparative judicial, medical and social contexts. A concluding discussion considers whether the more flexible interpretation of the insanity defence implied by the direction of Dixon’s decisions made as much of a difference to frequency of use of the defence as the contemporaneous decline and eventual abolition of capital punishment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medico-legal contexts"

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Holm, Marie-Louise. "Fleshing out the self : Reimagining intersexed and trans embodied lives through (auto)biographical accounts of the past." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137432.

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This thesis explores how current ways of imagining possibilities for intersexed and trans embodied lives within medical contexts might be informed by and reimagined through the historical lived experiences of intersexed and trans individuals as they have been articulated in autobiographical accounts. Postmodern, queer, intersex, and trans researchers and activists have criticised existing standards of intersex and trans healthcare for limiting the possibilities for diverse embodied lives by articulating certain forms of embodiment and selfhood as more likely to enable a liveable life than others. This has often been done in a medico-legal context by referring to experiences in the past of the unliveability of corporealities and gendersexed situations that differ from privileged positions. With a point of departure in these critiques, this thesis reopens questions about how intersexed and trans people may be embodied and have relations with others by reflecting upon the period of the first three-quarters of the 20th century, when the present standards of care and diagnostic categories were emerging, but had not yet become established. Drawing upon a unique set of historical source material from the archives of the Danish Ministry of Justice and the Medico-Legal Council, intersexed and trans persons’ life stories are rearticulated from their own and medico-legal experts’ accounts written in relation to applications for change of legal gendersex status and medical transition. In this way, the process is traced through which these life stories have been repeatedly rearticulated in order to become a usable basis for diagnosis and decision-making. At the same time, the stories are unfolded once more in a rearticulation focusing on their complexity and diversity.
Denna avhandling undersöker hur nuvarande sätt att föreställa sig möjligheter för intersexuella och transpersoners liv inom medicinska sammanhang kan informeras av och omföreställas genom historiska livserfarenheter hos intersexuella och transindivider, som de har artikulerats i självbiografiska berättelser. Postmoderna, queer, intersex- och transforskare och aktivister har kritiserat existerande normer för intersex- och transhälsovård för att begränsa möjligheterna för olika förkroppsligande liv genom att artikulera vissa former av förkroppsligande och subjektivitet som mer sannolikt att möjliggöra ett levbart liv än andra. Detta har ofta gjorts i ett medicinskt-juridiskt sammanhang genom att hänvisa till förflutna erfarenheter av levbarhet kring förkroppsligande och genusifierande situationer som skiljer sig från privilegierade positioner. Med utgångspunkt i denna kritik, återupptar denna avhandling frågor om hur intersexuella och transpersoner kan bli förkroppsligade och ha relationer till andra, genom att reflektera kring de första tre fjärdedelarna av nittonhundratalet när de nuvarande normerna för vård och diagnostiska kategorier uppstod, men ännu inte blivit etablerade. Med utgångspunkt i en unik uppsättning av historiskt källmaterial från Danska  Justitiedepartementet och Medicinsk-Etiska Rådets arkiv, återges intersexuella och transpersoners livshistorier från egna och medicinsk-etiska experters berättelser skrivna i relation till ansökningar av förändring av juridiskt kön och medicinsk transition. Genom denna process har livshistorier upprepande gånger blivit omartikulerade för att bli en användbar grund för diagnos och beslutsfattande. Samtidigt är dessa livshistorier uppöppnade än en gång i en omartikulation med fokus på deras komplexitet och mångfald.
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Books on the topic "Medico-legal contexts"

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Atlas of Skeletal Trauma in Medico-Legal Contexts. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2017.

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An Atlas of Skeletal Trauma in Medico-Legal Contexts. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2014-0-03817-8.

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Cavadino, Michael. Mental Health Law in Context: Doctor's Orders (Medico-Legal Series). Dartmouth Pub Co, 1990.

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Howe, Edmund G. Ethical Issues in the Forensic Assessment of Posttraumatic Symptoms. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0029.

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This chapter examines the core challenges and questions that forensic psychiatrists may encounter when making determinations of factors such as criminal responsibility and disability. It begins by addressing considerations that trauma-related symptoms and behaviors might raise in all legal contexts, for example, whether all the diagnostic criteria should be required to render diagnosis in a medico-legal assessment. It then discusses ethical and legal questions that may arise during evaluation for criminal responsibility and disability. It also considers the idea that, although psychiatrists conducting forensic exams have historically viewed themselves as adopting a different allegiance (i.e., to the state or the court), they might instead seek to find ways to retain their first loyalty to patients. Arguments justifying such alteration and examples of where—if not how—this might be operationalized are noted in the final section of this chapter.
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Rainville, Pierre. A signature of pain in the brain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0029.

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The discovery of pain biomarkers has profound implications for both pharmacology and neurobiology; in 2013, in the landmark paper discussed in this chapter, Wager et al. presented a neurologic signature of pain based on human brain imaging performed in healthy individuals administered experimental heat-pain stimuli. Using advanced analytic methods based on machine learning and multivariate pattern analysis, Wagner et al. provide very convincing support for the idea that pain is encoded in a distinctive pattern of brain activity in one or several brain areas typically referred to as the ‘pain matrix’, which acts as a saliency detection system for the body. Although the usage of such tool to infer pain in patients poses major challenges and is clearly not indicated in medico-legal contexts, the study provides experimental proof of concept in favour of a pattern theory of pain as well as for a specificity theory of pain.
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Merry, Alan F., Simon J. Mitchell, and Jonathan G. Hardman. Hazards in anaesthetic practice: body systems and occupational hazards. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0045.

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“Can’t intubate, can’t oxygenate” crises and aspiration of gastric contents are important hazards in anaesthesia, and may result in the death of relatively young and healthy patients. Airway difficulties may manifest at the end of anaesthesia as well as at induction and are commoner in emergency departments and intensive care settings than during anaesthesia in operating rooms. Elements of poor management characterize the majority of airway complications. Emergency cricothyroidotomy performed by anaesthetists is associated with a high rate of failure. Other important hazards associated with anaesthesia may involve excessive or inadequate levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the blood, hypertension or hypotension, hypothermia or hyperthermia (including malignant hyperpyrexia), hypovolaemia, embolism of gas or thrombus, awareness, infection, and injury to the peripheral or central nervous system, or the eyes. Stroke and postoperative cognitive dysfunction may be particularly devastating for patients. These hazards are typically increased in low- and middle-income countries. The World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists and the World Health Organization have endorsed international standards for a safe practice of anaesthesia, which are structured to reflect different levels of resource. The Lifebox Foundation seeks to improve the safety of surgery and anaesthesia in resource-constrained areas, notably by closing the substantial global gap in pulse oximetry. Several hazards are integral to the occupation of anaesthesia, including certain infections, increased rates of suicide, and medico-legal risks. In the end, the best way to mitigate these risks is through focusing on the safety of our patients.
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Book chapters on the topic "Medico-legal contexts"

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Cunningham, Kay L. "Neuropsychological Assessment of Medico-Legal Capacity in the New Zealand Context." In Neuropsychological Formulation, 89–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18338-1_6.

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Márquez-Grant, Nicholas, Miguel Ángel Vázquez Díaz, and Raquel Meléndez González. "The use of archaeology in the criminal and medico-legal context in Spain." In Forensic archaeology, 173–82. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118745977.ch21.

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Doran, Chris 'Nob'. "7. Medico-legal Expertise and Industrial Disease Compensation: Discipline, Surveillance and Disqualification in the Era of the "Social"." In Social Context and Social Location in the Sociology of Law, edited by Gayle MacDonald, 159–80. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442602960-009.

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Blau, Soren, David Ranson, and Chris O'Donnell. "High- and Low-Velocity Projectile Trauma." In An Atlas of Skeletal Trauma in Medico-Legal Contexts, 1–98. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803759-1.00001-1.

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Blau, Soren, David Ranson, and Chris O'Donnell. "Blunt-Force Trauma (BFT)." In An Atlas of Skeletal Trauma in Medico-Legal Contexts, 99–188. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803759-1.00002-3.

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Rowbotham, Samantha K. "Blunt-Force Trauma." In An Atlas of Skeletal Trauma in Medico-Legal Contexts, 189–274. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803759-1.00003-5.

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Blau, Soren, David Ranson, and Chris O'Donnell. "High-Energy, Blunt-Force Trauma." In An Atlas of Skeletal Trauma in Medico-Legal Contexts, 275–394. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803759-1.00004-7.

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Blau, Soren, David Ranson, and Chris O'Donnell. "High-Energy, Blunt-Force Trauma." In An Atlas of Skeletal Trauma in Medico-Legal Contexts, 395–470. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803759-1.00005-9.

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Blau, Soren, David Ranson, and Chris O'Donnell. "Accidental and Non-Accidental Injuries in Children (CI)." In An Atlas of Skeletal Trauma in Medico-Legal Contexts, 471–535. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803759-1.00006-0.

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Blau, Soren, David Ranson, and Chris O'Donnell. "Sharp-Force Trauma (SFT)." In An Atlas of Skeletal Trauma in Medico-Legal Contexts, 537–628. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803759-1.00007-2.

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Reports on the topic "Medico-legal contexts"

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Gaitho, Michael, Ronald Kotut, Anne Ngunjiri, Jane Thiomi, Josephine Ngebeh, and Chi-Chi Undie. Practice-based learning: Medico-legal evidence collection as part of post-rape care in refugee contexts. Population Council, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh14.1032.

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