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Journal articles on the topic 'Medieval Central Asia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

de la Vaissière, Étienne. "Early Medieval Central Asian Population Estimates." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 60, no. 6 (2017): 788–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341438.

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Abstract Census data from 8th-century Eastern Central Asian oases, combined with the measurements of the oases and data from archives discovered there, allow us to calculate estimates both of the individual oases’ populations and of their respective feeding capacities, which is to say the number of people who could be fed from the output of one hectare of agricultural land. These numbers in turn have parallels in Western Central Asia, where oasis sizes can also be calculated by examination of preserved archaeological landscapes and oasis walls. It is therefore possible to reach a rough idea of

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2

Stone, R. "Was America 'discovered' in medieval Central Asia?" Science 344, no. 6190 (2014): 1331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.344.6190.1331.

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3

Hawkes, Jason D. "Ever the Handmaid? A Consideration of What a Medieval Archaeology in South Asia Might Be." Medieval History Journal 24, no. 1-2 (2021): 130–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09719458211054352.

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This article shifts discussion of the medieval in South Asia away from conversations about ‘what’ took place towards ‘how’ it is studied. Following a brief review of what defines the South Asian medieval, this article starts with the premise that the entire period has not been studied archaeologically and that there is a great deal of potential in doing so. This potential is explored with reference to recent work in Central India, which has investigated a particular set of developments in which socio-economic histories first located the transition from the ancient to the medieval in South Asia

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Tashanov, Abdukholiq. "Opinions of Central Asian Thinkers on Educational Leadership." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 14, no. 1 (2022): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v14i1.221068.

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The article explains many of the qualities, requirements, laws and regulations that are unique to rulers and officials in Central Asian states. The gradual development of the requirements for leaders for the system of public administration in the first states formed in Central Asia is analyzed on the basis of the works of medieval Muslim scholars. One of the most famous thinkers of the Eastern Renaissance, Farobi studied the management of a noble society, the 12 qualities and attributes that a leader should possess, the conditions of suitability and unworthiness for the position of executive l

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5

Barinova, Elena. "Medieval handmade ceramics of Uigarak settlement in Central Asia." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 11-1 (2022): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202211statyi03.

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The archaeological material that formed the basis of this article was brought from the Eastern Aral Sea region during the many years of work of the Khorezm expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences and was kept in expeditionary storage facilities for a long time. The aim of the work was to carry out a detailed classification and typologization of handmade ceramics of the Uygarak settlement and to identify the chronology and sequence of settlement of this territory during the Middle Ages.

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Riboud, Pénélope. "Priests and Other Xian 祆 Ritual Performers in Medieval China". Early Medieval China 25, № 1 (2019): 100–120. https://doi.org/10.1353/emc.2019.a943133.

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Abstract: While the documentation concerning Zoroastrian clergy in pre-Islamic Central Asia is scarce, it is comparatively abundant in medieval China. Priests and ritual performers, that in some cases clearly followed Central Asian Zoroastrian rituals, are depicted in funerary art and are associated in Chinese sources with a religion named Xian 祆 . However, in some Chinese sources, the character xian is also used to describe Altaic rituals, and this has led to some confusion as to what religion this term refers to, and consequently to the status of the ritual performers—learned priests or laym

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7

Xu, Hongna, Tao Wang, and Huijun Wang. "The Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation is responsible for the linkage of decadal changes in precipitation and moisture in arid central Asia and the humid Asian monsoon region during the last millennium." Climate of the Past 20, no. 1 (2024): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-107-2024.

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Abstract. Reconstruction and observational studies imply a potential linkage of moisture and precipitation change in arid central Asia and monsoonal East Asia, in which the evolution of moisture and precipitation in central Asia is out of phase with that in northern China but in phase with that in southern China. In order to ascertain whether there is a robust linkage between the changes in climate in Asian arid regions and monsoon regions and to elucidate the underlying dynamic mechanisms, we analyzed the Last Millennium Reanalysis dataset and outputs from the Community Earth System Model Las

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8

Khudyakov, Yuliy S., and Alisa Yu Borisenko. "Localization of the Kyrgyz Residence Areas in Southern Siberia and Central Asia within the Periods of late Antiquity, Early and High Middle Ages." Archaeology and Ethnography 20, no. 7 (2021): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-7-109-120.

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Purpose. This article considers and analyzes the information, contained in ancient and medieval sources, about residence areas of the Yenisei and Central Asian Kyrgyz during particular historical periods, including late Antiquity, Early and High Middle Ages. These periods are related to the time of existence of political and military domination in the Central Asian Region of the ancient and medieval Turkic and Mongolian nomads, including Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turkic, Teles and Khitan nomadic ethnic groups. Results. During one of those historical periods, after the defeat of the Uyghur Khaganate, t

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9

Korol, Galina G. "Realistic images-"masks" in medieval Central Asia: portrait or symbol." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya, no. 49 (October 1, 2017): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988613/49/11.

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10

KUTLU, MEHMET. "KAYALIK: BİR KARLUK YABGU DEVLETİ BAŞKENTİ / KAYALIK: A CAPITAL OF THE KARLUK YABGHU STATE." Anasay 2020, no. 11 (2020): 105–28. https://doi.org/10.33404/anasay.680323.

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Kayalik is one of the Mediveal cities on Silk Road. It is located within administrative borders of Sarkand District of Almaty Province, Kazakhstan. The city is of great importance both for being a center of Yedisu Province as well as capital of Karluk Yabghu state. Archaeological excavations conducted in Kayalık revealed the architectural texture of the city. The city obtained appearance of a medieval Islamic city with its caravanserai, hamam (bath), mosque, dervish lodge or tekke, palace, tombs, and mansions. In addition, the presence of places of worship belonging to different religions such

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11

Kaimuldinova, Kulyash, Shakhislam Laiskhanov, Duman Aliaskarov, Rakhat Tobajanov, and Zhulduz Nizamatdinova. "Representation of medieval climate fluctuations in Central Asia in the toponymic system: Historical and geographical data." Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 52 (February 6, 2025): 21–36. https://doi.org/10.3897/jbgs.e143846.

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This article considers the nature of climate changes in the Middle Ages of Central Asia and the influence of these changes on the toponymy in the region. The aim of the study is to analyze the manifestation of climate changes in the names of natural objects described in historical data of Central Asia and to study whether the semantic load of toponyms corresponds to the current geographical reality. The spatial identification of toponyms found in medieval historical sources, their etymological and semantic analysis, determination of the correspondence between toponyms and the present geographi

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12

Mukhametkali, Alisher. "Narrative Analysis of the Notes of Italian Travellers of the 13th – 15th Centuries in Central and East Asia." Eminak, no. 1(49) (May 13, 2025): 197–210. https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2025.1(49).776.

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The purpose of the research paper is to analyse the notes of Italian travellers of the 13th-15th centuries about Central and East Asia for the reliability of their information and attitude to the culture of the peoples of the East. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the analysis of medieval Italian travellers’ notes, which illuminates the process of mutual understanding and cultural interpenetration between Eastern and Western civilisations. Conclusions. The 13th-15th centuries were a time when a fairly extensive number of works appeared, written by Europeans who had visited Central

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13

Haidar, Mansura. "Medical Works of the Medieval Period from India and Central Asia." Diogenes 55, no. 2 (2008): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0392192108090736.

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14

Barinova, Elena. "Handicraft unglazed ceramics of the medieval settlement Uygarak in Central Asia." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 7-1 (2023): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202307statyi08.

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The archaeological material that formed the basis of this article was brought from the Eastern Aral Sea region during the long-term work of the Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences and was kept in expeditionary storages for a long time. The purpose of this work is to carry out a detailed classification and typology of handicraft ceramics of the Uygarak settlement and to reveal the chronology and sequence of settlement of this territory in the Middle Ages.

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15

Hazratkulova, E. "Attitude to saints in Turkic-Persian sources of Central Asia." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 145, no. 4 (2023): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2023-145-4-182-194.

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In the East, mystical motifs were developed in the literature of the Islamic period. In particular, when studying sources related to the history of medieval Maverannahr and Khorasan, the poetry of this period reflects different views on symbols, and historical works present biographical information about the lives of Sufi writers. This article analyzes the information about representatives of Sufism in the works of «Baburnom» by Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur and «Tarikhi Rashidi» by Haidar Mirzo. The prophecies characteristic of saints and the authors’ attitude to this situation are studied.

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16

O’Kane, Bernard. "Medieval Monuments of Central Asia: Qarakhanid Architecture of the 11th and 12th Centuries, Richard Piran Mcclary (2020)." International Journal of Islamic Architecture 12, no. 1 (2023): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00105_5.

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Review of: Medieval Monuments of Central Asia: Qarakhanid Architecture of the 11th and 12th Centuries, Richard Piran Mcclary (2020) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 320 pp., 83 b&w and 161 colour illus., ISBN: 9781474423977, £95 (hardback)

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17

Farmer, Thomas. "Warwick Ball, The Eurasian Steppe: People, Movement, Ideas. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh, 2021, xviii, 414 pp., 200 color illus., 25 b/w illus., 20 maps." Mediaevistik 35, no. 1 (2022): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2022.01.13.

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Abstract Central Asia has played a crucial role in world history, yet historians of medieval Europe have neglected incorporating it into their research and teaching. Fortunately, in recent years the trend toward studying the “Global Middle Ages” has encouraged scholars to broaden their horizons beyond Europe itself, and Central Asia has benefited from this trend. With The Eurasian Steppe, Warwick Ball has provided us with an excellent introduction to this region, from which both general readers and scholars can learn much about this important region.

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18

Dyachkov, Serhiy. "History of Medieval Asia in Academician Ye. Kosminsky’s “Stalin’s Primer”." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: History, no. 67 (July 10, 2025): 166–85. https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-7929-2025-67-09.

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Soviet textbooks of world history rarely attract the attention of researchers. However, this category of sources can shed light on various aspects of the development of historical scholarship, education, and culture. New school textbooks were instrumental in ensuring the overall success of Stalin’s educational reforms of the mid-1930s. Academician Ye. Kosminsky's textbook of medieval history for grades 6 to 7 of secondary school was certainly innovative. He was the first to offer a world history course that covered the Middle Ages in both Europe and Asia, as well as the medieval history of the

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19

Normatova, D. E., I. M. Arzimatova, and B. Kh Mirzarakhimov. "Morals and Historical Considerations of Ethics." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, no. 12 (2023): e2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i12.2671.

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Objectives: The primary aim of this article is to examine the history of cultural heritage and philosophical thought in Central Asia, utilizing a scientific-theoretical perspective. The focus is on providing a comprehensive understanding of the historical stages of moral development among Central Asian thinkers, emphasizing the significance of these stages based on the principles of historicism.  Methods: The research methodology involves a thorough investigation of the moral heritage of Central Asian people. The study pays special attention to the unique features of moral views he

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20

Ikrom, Eshatov. "Historical bazaars of central asia – predictors of modern shopping centers." International Journal on Integrated Education 2, no. 4 (2019): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i4.104.

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Development of international and local commerce and functional requirements for urban development are the basis for the formation of bazaars in Middle Age Central Asian cities. These processes range from ancient cities to civilized cities of the medieval world. In the Middle Ages, all the streets in the city center were commercialized and formed a single bazaar complex. Outside the city gates there are wholesale bazaars. As a result of urban development and the expansion of its territory, trade-centered forces and squares completely surround the city center. Crossroads of the main streets of t

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21

Kaimuldinova, Kulyash, Shakhislam Laiskhanov, Duman Aliaskarov, Rakhat Tobajanov, and Zhulduz Nizamatdinova. "Representation of medieval climate fluctuations in Central Asia in the toponymic system: Historical and geographical data." Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 52 (February 6, 2025): 21–36. https://doi.org/10.3897/jbgs.e143846.

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This article considers the nature of climate changes in the Middle Ages of Central Asia and the influence of these changes on the toponymy in the region. The aim of the study is to analyze the manifestation of climate changes in the names of natural objects described in historical data of Central Asia and to study whether the semantic load of toponyms corresponds to the current geographical reality. The spatial identification of toponyms found in medieval historical sources, their etymological and semantic analysis, determination of the correspondence between toponyms and the present geographi

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22

(Corresponding Author), Uldanay Zhuzbayeva, Nurgul Zhanakova, Yedil Noyanov, Bolat Sailan, and Zhumakan Arynov. "“Taqwim al-Buldan” by Abu al-Fida as a Source on Medieval Geography of Khwarazm and Transoxiana." Journal of Al-Tamaddun 20, no. 1 (2025): 201–12. https://doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol20no1.15.

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Abstract A detailed study of the work of Abu al-Fida “Taqwim al-Buldan” will make it possible to better understand the peculiarities of the Central Asian region at that time, which determines the relevance of this research. The purpose of the article is to study and analyse the data on Khwarazm and Transoxiana in the work “Taqwim al-Buldan”. Various methods were used in the study: historical-critical, comparative, descriptive, critical analysis method, content analysis method, discourse analysis method. In the course of the research, it was concluded that Abu al-Fida gives a list of 7 cities a

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23

Romaniello, Matthew P., and Mansura Haidar. "Medieval Central Asia: Polity, Economy and Military Organization (Fourteenth to Sixteenth Centuries)." Sixteenth Century Journal 36, no. 4 (2005): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20477647.

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24

Block-Berlitz, Marco, Benjamin Ducke, Hendrik Rohland, et al. "Area-Optimized, Rapid UAV-Borne Recording of Medieval Heritage in Central Asia." Journal of Field Archaeology 47, no. 2 (2021): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2021.2007661.

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25

Hastings, James M. ":Indo-Central Asia Relations from Early Times to Medieval Period." Sixteenth Century Journal 37, no. 1 (2006): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj20477777.

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26

Kaiyrken, T. Z. "Several Views on the Common History of Medieval Central Asia and East Turkestan." BULLETIN OF THE L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. POLITICAL SCIENCE. REGIONAL STUDIES. ORIENTAL STUDIES. TURKOLOGY SERIES 151, no. 2 (2025): 226–39. https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887-2025-151-2-225-239.

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The article examines the historical and geographical connections of Central Asia and East Turkestan in the Middle Ages. It is known that these two regions have played a special role in the spiritual, cultural and economic relations between the West and the East since ancient times. The ancient Silk Road first crossed this region in the past, and then continued to the east and west. At one time, the geopolitical importance of the region also increased due to the influence of the Silk Road. In the 8th century, this region became an arena for the struggle for influence between the Arab, Tibetan a

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27

Krivonogov, Sergey K., Yaroslav V. Kuzmin, George S. Burr, et al. "Environmental Changes of the Aral Sea (Central Asia) in the Holocene: Major Trends." Radiocarbon 52, no. 2 (2010): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200045598.

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Changes of the Aral Sea level have been observed in 3 sediment boreholes, 2 outcrops, and associated archaeological sites. The obtained results are supported by 25 radiocarbon dates. Major trends of lake-level changes have been reconstructed in some detail for the last 2000 yr, and additional data provide an outline of fluctuations throughout the Holocene. Several distinct changes are shown to precede the modern, human-induced regression of the Aral Sea. These include: 1) the latest maximum in the 16th–20th centuries AD (53 m asl); 2) a Medieval “Kerderi” minimum of the 12th–15th centuries AD

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Маликов, А. М. "The History of Ancient and Medieval Samarkand in the Views of Nicolaas Witsen." Диалог со временем, no. 86(86) (April 3, 2024): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2024.86.86.014.

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Статья посвящена анализу сведений, собранных голландским ученым и политическим деятелем Н.Витсеном (1641–1717) о Самарканде – значительном культурном и научном центре Центральной Азии, что до сих пор не было предметом специального изучения. Исследованные материалы показывают разнообразие представлений о Самарканде и начало формирования определенных образов города в европейской науке к концу XVII века. Труд Н.Витсена является первым образцом синтеза различных источников по истории Центральной Азии, включая Самарканд, и ценен тем, что написан до формирования европейских «ориенталистских» стереот

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29

Knobler, Adam. "Timur the (Terrible/Tartar) Trope: a Case of Repositioning in Popular Literature and History'." Medieval Encounters 7, no. 1 (2001): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006701x00102.

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AbstractThis study details how the medieval Central Asian leader, Timur, looked upon by many in the Latin West as a potential savior, came to be vilified as British imperial interests moved from the Ottoman Porte to India and Central Asia. To the vast majority of those to whom his name means anything at all, it commemorates a militarist who perpetuated as many horrors in the span of twenty-four years as the last five Assyrian kings perpetrated in a hundred and twenty ... The crack-brained megalomania of [a] homicidal madman whose one idea is to impress the imagination of mankind with a sense o

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30

L. K. Zhusupova, K. U. Torlanbayevа, and E. K. Zhusupov. "THE CONTENT OF POWER AND GOVERNMENT IN CENTRAL ASIAN NOMADS." BULLETIN 1, no. 383 (2020): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.21.

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The article submitted for publication contains an analysis of the power-management system of Central Asian nomads. The focus of such tasks as: – Analysis of military power, the cult of a warrior in the history of the evolution of the tribal power of the leader in ancient and medieval Central Asia in the context of the theory of chiefdom, neoevolutionism, aggressive and commercial theories of political genesis, evolutionary theories of the matrilinear and patrilineal development of the society; – Study and analysis of the power authority of the tribal power through the system of titles and rank

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Chernenko, Victoria G. "Brief overview of the history of formation of the medieval collection of Central Asian archaeological monuments in the State Historical Museum." Ufa Archaeological Herald 24, no. 4 (2024): 768–74. https://doi.org/10.31833/uav/2024.24.4.051.

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The Department of Archaeology of the State Historical Museum includes an extensive collection of archaeology items from Central Asia. The Central Asian collections in the Department of Archaeology are divided according to historical periods: the Stone and Bronze Age, the Early Iron Age, and Early Middle Ages and the medieval archaeology. The article provides an overview of the collections of medieval archaeology acquired throughout the 19th–20th centuries from individuals (historians, museum workers, local historians, etc.), archaeologists, scientific organizations and societies. Today, archae

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Kubarev, G. V. "Ornamented stirrup from the elite early Medieval burial at Balyk-Sook (Central Altai)." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 2(65) (June 15, 2024): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2024-65-2-8.

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The article presents an ornamented iron stirrup from a rich and noble early Medieval burial in the Balyk-Sook area in the central part of the Russian Altai. This burial is unique not only for South Siberia, but also for neighbor-ring regions, as within it, with the warrior, four horses and protective armour were found. During the course of restoration work, it was established that the arcs and the plate loop of the stirrup were originally gilded and en-graved with complex floral ornamentation, the stirrup foot was decorated with gold wire inlay in the form of floral curls. This is the first fi

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Holiqova, Nargiza A. "BASIS AND PROMOTION OF NATURPHILOSOPHIC IDEAS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE PEOPLES OF CENTRAL ASIA." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, no. 6 (2021): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2021-6-23.

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Today it is important to study the important ideas of Eastern philosophy in the field of natural science and important conceptual ideas in the teachings of thinkers on this subject. The need to study medieval Muslim philosophy In African countries, the question of the role of spiritual traditions, including traditions based on Beruni, in modern ideological life are of great importance.The concept of Eastern Aristotelianism was analyzed, representing not only the philosophical system or doctrine of Aristotle, but also rationalism, firmly associated with natural philosophy, and through it -medie

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34

Michailidis, Melanie. "Samanid Silver and Trade along the Fur Route." Medieval Encounters 18, no. 4-5 (2012): 315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342119.

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Abstract While much scholarly attention has been devoted to cultural exchange in recent years, most of the focus has been on the Mediterranean Sea and the land and sea routes connecting China to the Islamic world and beyond to Europe. In the tenth century, another major trading route also flourished between Central Asia and northeastern Europe. Furs and slaves were sent from Scandinavia, Russia and Eastern Europe in exchange for silver which was mined in the realm of the Samanids in Central Asia. Not only were Samanid coins used as currency by the Vikings, but Samanid luxury metalwork objects

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35

Yoo, In Young. "Research of Samarkand State University on Central Sughd Monuments." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 04, no. 12 (2021): 3766–67. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i12-42.

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ogdia is one of the oldest cultural centers not only in Uzbekistan but also in Central Asia. The development of the history of the oasis is extremely rich in historical and cultural monuments of different stages of development. We have recognized the richness of historical and cultural monuments of Zarafshan and Kashkadarya oasis because of archeological excavations in the region. The article deals with the archeological excavations carried out by researchers of the Samarkand Institute of Archeology and researchers of Samarkand State University in the early medieval monuments of Central Sughd.

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Kurbanov, Golib. "TRADITIONS AND CEREMONIES IN LATE MEDIEVAL BUKHARA." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 5, no. 3 (2020): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2020-5-12.

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The manuscript fund of the Bukhara Museum-Preserve has a collection of about 6 thousand documents. The author of the article demonstrates the capabilities of the collection as an information source, using two handwritten documents as an example. They are united by a detailed description of customs, recommendations, rules of palace etiquette and ceremonial for holding festivities (in this case, Navruz) adopted in late medieval Bukhara for rulers, nobles and ordinary people. A study of the above-mentioned documents will allow researchers to obtain additional material on the history and ethnograp

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Tiyan, J., and Dz Dz Imankulov. "History of scientific study of the Shah Fazil architectural complex." Heritage and Modern Times 5, no. 3 (2023): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52883/2619-0214-2022-5-3-277-287.

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The article for the first time analyzes stages of study the Shah Fazil architectural complex, from the first references by medieval authors to the beginning of the 21st century. A complex history of the emergence of the complex and connection with historical and cultural processes in Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia as a whole is traced.

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Kradin, Nikolay N., Svetlana E. Baksheeva, Olesya V. Bondarenko, Evgeny V. Kovychev, and Artur V. Kharinsky. "Evidences of Wooden Materials Utilization in Construction of Medieval Mongolian Towns in Eastern Trans-Baikal Region (13th – 14th CC.)." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 2, no. 36 (2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2021.2.36.65.78.

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Findings of structures remains discovered during excavations on Medieval Mongolian Sites in Eastern Trans-Baikal Region were summarized in the article. They were excavated during exploration of Alestui Mansion, at Khirkhira fortress, as well as at Konduy town site. The similar findings at Sutai Mansion in Buryatia, at Den-Terek fortress in Tuva, Karakorum, Shangdu, at Avraga fortress in Mongolia can be drawn on for comparison. In addition to traditional archaeological methods of the material investigation, an anatomical study of wood has been accomplished at Federal Scientific Center of the Ea

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Mirzaraximova, Nargiza. "THE ROLE OF THE KHANATES OF CENTRAL ASIA IN THE FORMATION OF THE GREAT SILK ROAD." MODERN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 2, no. 12 (2024): 629–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10455789.

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<em>This study analyzes the political and economic functions of the medieval khanates in Central Asia and their contribution to the development of transcontinental trade networks known as the Silk Road. With stable governance and security provided by militarized khanates such as the Khwarezmians, Karakhanids and the Mongol Empire, land routes flourished connecting China, India, Persia and the Mediterranean world. Merchants used this stability to expand trade in luxury goods and necessities, including silk, spices, glassware, paper, and more. The khanates grew wealthy by serving as hubs where g

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Klesner, C. E., Y. Akymbek, and P. B. Vandiver. "Lead-glazing technology from Medieval Central Asia: A case study from Aktobe, Kazakhstan." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 36 (April 2021): 102825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102825.

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Kaganovitch, Albert. "The Jewish Communities of Central Asia in the Medieval and Early Modern Periods." Iranian Studies 52, no. 5-6 (2019): 923–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2019.1646116.

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Tishkin, A., and N. Seregin. "CHINESE ITEMS FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES OF EARLY MEDIEVAL TURKIC TRIBES OF CENTRAL ASIA." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, no. 1 (November 2013): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2013)1(7).-03.

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Borisenko, A. Y., and Y. S. Hudiakov. "REPRESENTATIONS OF WARRIORS ON EARLY MEDIEVAL TURKIC BRONZE PLAQUES FROM EASTERN CENTRAL ASIA." Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 36, no. 4 (2008): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeae.2009.03.005.

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Sobirovich, Turdiev Bekhruz. "The Development of Political Doctrines in Central Asia (17th –19th Centuries)." Irish Interdisciplinary Journal of Science & Research 09, no. 01 (2025): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.46759/iijsr.2025.9102.

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In the second half of the 19th century, Central Asia faced significant socio-economic underdevelopment, with a low standard of living and strong religious influence shaping cultural and spiritual life. During this period, interest in Sufi philosophy and medieval Muslim thinkers’ works grew, reflecting a revival of intellectual and cultural heritage. This shift led to an increasing belief in human intelligence and knowledge as key forces for societal change, inspiring the emergence of the Enlightenment movement. The movement aimed to promote scientific progress, social development, and universa

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England, John C. "The Earliest Christian Communities in Southeast and Northeast Asia: An Outline of the Evidence Available in Seven Countries before A.D. 1500." Missiology: An International Review 19, no. 2 (1991): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182969101900207.

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The history of Eastern Christianity in central, south, and east Asia prior to A.D. 1500 is rich and extensive, yet has been largely ignored. Material evidence now available from southeast and northeast Asia shows that Christian communities were present in seven countries for different periods between the sixth and fifteenth centuries. Often termed “Nestorian,” or “Jacobite,” these communities have left a diversity of remains—epigraphical, architectural, sculptural, documentary—which testify to their presence, as far northeast as Japan and southeast as far as Indonesia. The glimpses of Christia

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Babajanyan, Astghik, and Kathryn Franklin. "Everyday life on the medieval Silk Road: VDSRS excavations at Arpa, Armenia." ARAMAZD: Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies 12, no. 1 (2018): 155–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/ajnes.v12i1.898.

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The contemporary term ‘Silk Road’ refers to multiple centuries of movement, exchange and mutual development that tied together the cities, towns and route networks of Eurasia. During the high and late medieval periods (12th -15th centuries AD), the routes of the ‘Silk Road’ linked cities in China to the Mediterranean, passing through Central Asia and the Caucasus. The phenomenon of the medieval Silk Road is important for historical narratives within the Republic of Armenia: longstanding models of the rise of cities and kingdoms in Armenia argue that settlements such as Dvin and Ani, were linke

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ASHUROV, BARAKATULLO. "‘Sogdian Christianity’: Evidence from architecture and material culture." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 29, no. 1 (2018): 127–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186318000330.

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This article aims to discuss the question of the inculturation of Syriac Christianity in Central Asia, based on archaeological examples including architectural evidence from a particular ethnocultural area: Sogdiana. It questions to what extent the Eastern Syriac Church has become rooted in local culture, thus enabling Christian communities to express their faith in both material and artistic ways. This article is divided into two sections which present a comprehensive study of the medieval sources relevant to the spread and establishment of Christianity in the Central Asian landmass by consid

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Borisenko, A. Y., and Y. S. Hudiakov. "BRONZE PLAQUES FROM NORTHERN KYRGYZSTAN WITH REPRESENTATIONS OF HORSEMEN." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 46, no. 3 (2018): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2018.46.3.100-106.

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We describe bronze plaques representing armed horsemen, found in the Issyk-Kul Basin and in the Chuya valley, northern Kyrgyzstan, and owned by public and private museums in Bishkek. Similar plaques from southern Siberia and Central Asia were described by many Russian, Kazakh, Kirghiz, and Mongolian historians and archaeologists. A formal classifi cation of plaques is proposed, and their chronology, cultural attribution, and function are assessed. Such items, associated with early medieval Turkicspeaking nomads of Tian Shan and Semirechye, are similar to those worn by the Yenisei Kyrgyz of the

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Niqueux, Michel. "Les Orients de la Russie." Slavica Occitania 8, no. 1 (1999): 15–40. https://doi.org/10.3406/slaoc.1999.1864.

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The present study proposes a review of the mythical ideas and ideological (re)constructions of the East in Russian literature and thought : the heritage of Byzance (pro et contra), the barbarous orient (rehabilitation of Tatars, Mongols and Scythians in revolutionary poetry and Eurasianism), the Romantic orient (Caucasus), Central Asia (from Persian poetry to the new Soviet East), the mythical orient (India in medieval stories and theosophy), China (from the «rêve chinois» in the 18th century to the «yellow peril» on the border of two centuries). Into each view of the Orient Russia projects he

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Tikaev, G., and Abdul-Hadiy Yousupov. "CULTURAL RELATIONS IN THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN AND DAGESTAN." Oriental Journal of Philology 05, no. 03 (2025): 259–68. https://doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojp-05-03-29.

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at the beginning of the XI-th century, the rich manuscript heritage of Central Asian scientists was widespread in Dagestan (the Republic of the North Caucasus). Among them, for example, were astronomical tables made by the famous Uzbek scientist Mirzo Ulugbek. Six copies of noble prophetic hadiths collected by Imam al-Bukhari were found in the mosque located in the Dagestan village Akusha. Al-Samarkandi’s work entitled “Treatise on Research Literature” was found in the personal library of Mr. Muhammad Said Saidov, which also indicated the name of the scientist Burhan ad-Din al-Numan al-Zarnuji

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