Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medieval epigraphy and paleography'

La commande et la donation de biens destinés à l’Église conditionnent le fonctionnement de la société médiévale. Grâce à une approche holistique et interdisciplinaire, une première étude globale de la pratique, des mécanismes et des effets du patronage pieux sur la société bulgare des XIIe-XVe siècles est proposée. Depuis la refondation de l’Empire bulgare en 1185, en passant par les périodes de conflits avec Byzance, la Serbie et les États latins, jusqu’à l’établissement des Ottomans en 1396 et même au-delà, les dons servent à définir le territoire, à négocier le pouvoir et à forger la cohésion entre les groupes sociaux. L’identification de nouvelles formes de générosité et le réexamen d’œuvres et de sources narratives et juridiques, parfois méconnues, permettent d’élaborer un modèle de fonctionnement horizontal et vertical du patronage et de contribuer par cet éclairage nouveau à l’étude de ce phénomène social complexe à l’échelle plus large du monde médiéval<br>Commissions and donations of goods and property to the Church are at the core of medieval society. Through a holistic and interdisciplinary approach, this dissertation aims to provide the first global study of the practice, mechanisms and role of pious patronage within Bulgarian society during the 12th-15th century. From the re-foundation of the Bulgarian Empire in 1185, through the intermediate periods of conflict with Byzantium, Serbia and the Latin States, until the establishment of the Ottomans in 1396 but also beyond, pious donations have been used to define territory, negotiate power and maintain the cohesion of social groups. The identification of new forms of generosity and the re-examination of artworks, narrative and legal sources, some of which hitherto neglected, lead to elaborate a new model of horizontal and vertical social patronage and shed new light for the study of this complex social phenomenon on the broader scale of the medieval world

The aim of this thesis is to examine what a study of the visual presentation of the fourteenth-century poet-composer Guilluame de Machaut's songs can tell us that studying them simply as pre-defined works cannot. This has involved two distinct, but related fields of enquiry. Firstly, I have developed of a way of considering the six manuscripts of Machaut containing what appear to be his complete works which focuses on the visual impact of each codex as a whole, from the materials used to the content it contains (text, images, music). This methodology, which draws on the works of such scholars as B. Cerquiglini (Eloge de la variante, 1989), S. Huot (From Song to Book, 1987), and D. Leech-Wilkinson (The Modern Invention of Medieval Music, 2002) and relies heavily on primary sources, is founded on the premise that each of the manuscripts is a complete and unique artefact, irrespective of who created it and for what purpose. Building on this, I argue that each manuscript can be considered a performance. When one of Machaut’s compositions (poetical, musical, or both) is preserved in more than one source, each such manuscript is considered as a performance in its own right. This performative approach allows for and indeed welcomes variations in interpretation and presentation, including those that appear to entail manipulations of the work itself, by performers as diverse as copyists (involved in internal, possibly mnemonic performance), oral interpreters (singing or reading out loud, either from memory or from a copy), editors (whatever their purpose and medium, be it a paper edition based on all sources or a digital edition of just one: perhaps these are the equivalent of today's copyists?), and readers (scholarly and leisurely, from any era). Having established this approach in my thesis, I then assess the role of the individuals involved in such a manuscript performance. The differing role of the scribes and the author in a manuscript's production is considered, particularly with reference to the manuscripts over whose compilation the author is perceived to have had some control. The role of the reader is considered in terms of the reception of the manuscript and especially the extent to which manuscript layout and design subconsciously ‘control’ reader interpretation. In the light of this I analyse the manuscript presentation of Machaut's songs in each of the six principal manuscripts transmitting his works, with particular focus on the literary works that contain musical notation, the Remede de Fortune and the Voir Dit, the series of lays set to music, and the Messe de Notre Dame. The methodology adopted throughout considers the visual impact of the presence of music on the manuscript page and assesses the extent of this impact both on the reader and on its relevance to manuscript design: what can the layout of the music tell us about the manuscript's readers, patrons and creators? This analysis offers insights as to the role of artists in the society of mid- and late-fourteenth-century France, the changing perceptions of words and music, and the role of reading, writing, and memory in society.

The five texts contained in Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 114 (c. 1420-50) are seminal to understanding the centrality of asceticism in medieval English devotional literature. This thesis addresses the ways in which Douce 114 can be comprehended as a ‘whole book’ and as such outlines a transformation from extreme bodily mortification (in its first text) to the mortification of mind (in its last). It suggests that the manuscript was envisioned as a spiritual tool, its contents designed to be read in order, and that the central theme of asceticism is a hermeneutical device which guides the (Carthusian) reader’s spiritual development. The introduction provides a history of Christian asceticism while the first chapter contextualises attitudes to the phenomenon in late-medieval England. Chapters two and three examine the themes of Passion devotion and imitatio Christi in the Life of Elisabeth of Spalbeek, chapter four addresses the nature of embodiment and earthly purgatory in the Life of Christina Mirabilis, and chapter five examines the inherent problem of misguided bodily imitation of spiritual exemplars in reference to the Life of Marie of Oignies. In conclusion, chapter six argues that the Life of Catherine of Siena and Henry Suso’s Seven Points of True Love and Everlasting Wisdom, which emphasise the transcendence of bodliness, clarify the true inwardly ascetical nature of the preceding texts.

This dissertation explores the complex interactions among written text, language choice, and political context in Wales in the late-eleventh and early-twelfth centuries. I argue that writers in medieval Wales created in both their literary compositions and their manuscripts intricate layers of protest and subversion in direct opposition to the authority of the Anglo-Norman political hegemony and the aggrandizing spread of the Canterbury-led church. These medieval literati exploited language and script as tools of definition. They privileged Welsh or Latin when their audience shifted, and they employed the change from early Insular script to the Caroline script of the Normans as not just a natural evolution in script development, but as a selective representation of mimicked authority. The family of Bishop Sulien at Llanbadarn Fawr has been the focal point of this study, as they were active during a time of Anglo-Norman intervention in their community that is reflected in the shifting script of their manuscripts and the apprehensive though proud tone of their compositions, which include the vitae of saints David and Padarn and the poetry of Ieuan and Rhygyfarch ap Sulien. My work provides a much-needed cohesive portrait of the multilingual medieval Welsh literary culture at the turn of the twelfth century. Questions of audience and authority come into play, particularly when considering the growing hybridity of learned communities during the Anglo-Norman infiltration of Wales. Manuscripts themselves are viewed as vehicles of identity, for the evolution of script and design offers clues as to the methods of compromise practiced by Welsh intellectuals. This compromise in the written word can be viewed as an embodiment of the Welsh desire and need to mediate fraught political boundaries, as they did using both the ‘nation’-defining Welsh language and the vehicular prestige language of Latin, resulting in an intertextual exploration of identity through the act of writing itself. Writing is a critical demonstration of Welsh authorship and agency in medieval Britain, and one that can be used to reflect upon notions of Welsh identity.<br>Celtic Languages and Literatures

This dissertation focuses on fragments of Notre Dame manuscripts that made their way to German speaking Europe during the medieval period. The first chapter focuses on their contexts of reuse. Dominican, Cistercian as well as Franciscan bookbinders played a role in these processes of medieval and early modern recycling. The potential for fragments to elucidate bookbinders’ techniques will be explored, and existing hypotheses as to the circulation of Notre Dame manuscripts will be critically reviewed. Furthermore, an emphasis is placed on the importance of the reconstruction of medieval book collections. The second chapter is dedicated to the discovery of a set of conductus fragments reused by a bookbinder of the Dominican convent of Soest. Taking one known fragment as a point of departure, I was able to assign five further leaves(now in Münster, Cambridge and New Haven) to this set of fragments. The third chapter sheds new light on the history of two host volumes, in which, during the twentieth century, organum fragments were discovered. It addresses questions of the changing ownership of manuscripts, focusing on the role of post Reformation and nineteenth century book collectors. The final chapter, a case study of the conductus Porta salutis ave, discusses editorial problems in conjunction with a close analysis of the piece’s main stylistic features. As the text was originally designed as a seal inscription, questions of material culture and music are also addressed. Furthermore, my systematic search for text sources for the distich Porta salutis ave revealed more than twenty previously unconsidered manuscripts transmitting the poetic text only, whose fuller, contents point to complementary contexts and functions to those suggested in the musical sources and the seals.

This thesis undertakes a close study of a single manuscript of the early 1320s, written at the priory of Fineshade, Northamptonshire. The manuscript contains a short chronicle and several documents related to the failed baronial rebellion of 1321-22. I argue that, in collaboration with the priory’s patrons, the Engayne family, the chronicler responds to the current situation with an attempt to create meaning from a time of crisis. In the process, he attempts to shape his material through patterns of style and thought inherited from both chronicle and hagiographical traditions, to make the present conform to the known and understood shape of the past. His success is limited by his inability to establish sufficient distance from traumatic events, a difficulty that many chroniclers seemed to encounter when they attempted to turn current events into meaningful historical narrative.

What is the line between the “ancient” world and the “medieval” world? Is it 476? 330? 632? 800? Most historians acknowledge there is no crisp line and that these are arbitrary distinctions, but they are made anyway, taking on lives of their own. I believe they are much the same world, except for the pervading influence of one flavor of monotheism or another. This thesis endeavors to study top-down, monotheistic conversions in Pontic-Caspian Eurasia and their respective mythologizations, preserved both textually and archaeologically, which serve as a primary factor for what we might call “state formation.” These narratives also function, in many cases, as the bases of many modern nationalisms, however haphazard they may be. I have attempted to apply this idea to Christian Rome (Byzantium)’s diachronic missionary policy around the Black Sea to reveal how what we today call the “Age of Migrations” (the so-called “Germanic” invasions of the Roman Empire), was actually in perpetual continuity all the way up to the Mongolian invasions and perhaps even later. In this way, I hope to enhance the context by which we understand the entirety of not only Western history, but to effectively bind it to a broader context of global monotheization.

L’objet de la thèse consiste en la présentation aux chercheurs du corpus le plus complet possible du patrimoine épigraphique juif des Pouilles et de Basilicate – la zone la plus riche de témoignages juifs de toutes les autres régions du Sud de l’Italie, de l’Antiquité tardive au Moyen-âge –, grâce au catalogage détaillé du matériel subsistant et introuvable. Il s’agit pour cela de confronter les éditions de Cesare Colafemmina (Archivio CeRDEM-Centro Ricerche e Documentazione sull’Ebraismo C. Colafemmina), aux données provenant de nouvelles enquêtes sur le territoire, aux documents d’archives des apographes et aux Fonds photographiques non publiés, en particulier ceux de Nikolaus Müller (Glasplattendias jüdischer Katakombeninschriften - “Sammlung Nikolaus Müller”, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) et de Rocco Briscese (Archivio privato Briscese, Comune di Venosa). La thèse comprend une centaine de Fiches (« Schede ») paléographiques qui analysent pour la première fois en détail les aspects de la paléographie de toute la série des stèles juives. Un des objectifs regarde l'analyse de l'évolution de l’écriture de l’Hébreu, en comparant le matériel épigraphique des Pouilles et de la Basilicate avec le développement de la culture juive du sud de la péninsule italienne entre terre d’origine (Ereṣ Yiśra’el), Méditerranée et Europe du Nord. Les données épigraphiques signalées dans le passé ont été étudiées dans le détail et puis comparées avec les épitaphes encore existant aujourd’hui. L’inventaire des inscriptions perdues a été dresse Ont été utilisées des données épigraphiques signalées dans le passé (XVIIIe-XIXe siècles) pour les comparer avec celles d’aujourd’hui pour dresser l’inventaire des inscriptions perdues. Les reproductions encore existantes ont été identifiées pour dresser un état des lieux et une liste complète mise à jour<br>The thesis consists in presenting researchers with the most complete as possible corpus of the Jewish epigraphic heritage of Puglia and Basilicata – the area with the greatest amount of Jewish material in all the regions of Southern Italy from late antiquity to the Middle Ages - thanks to the cataloguing of existing and hard to find material, through the comparison of Cesare Colafemmina’s findings (Archivio CeRDEM-Centro Ricerche e Documentazione sull’Ebraismo C. Colafemmina) and the data from the new investigation on the territory, archive documents, apographs and photographic archive, in particular of Nikolaus Müller (Glasplattendias jüdischer Katakombeninschriften - "Sammlung Nikolaus Müller", Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) and Rocco Briscese (Archivio Privato Briscese, Comune di Venosa). The thesis includes one hundred paleographic SCHEDE which, for the first time analyze in detail those aspects linked to the paleography of the entire series of Jewish steles. The project focuses on the evolution of Hebrew script, based on the comparative analysis of the epigraphic material of Puglia and Basilicata in relation to the development of Jewish culture in southern peninsular Italy between Ereṣ Yiśra’el, the Mediterranean and Northern Europe. Among the objectives: the creation of a catalog of this corpus of “stele”. In particular, the project started with Jewish inscriptions already reported in the past (18th-19th century) to compare them with the ones still in existence. The reproductions of the lost inscriptions have been found when possible in order to draw up an up to date inventory

À la croisée des études historiques et linguistiques, cette recherche vise à saisir le fonctionnement du langage et des langues dans les inscriptions médiévales, en tant qu'institution et pratique sociale, angle sous lequel elles n'avaient jamais été abordées. Les méthodes sociolinguistiques et d'analyse de discours y sont privilégiées pour traiter un corpus de 678 textes épigraphiques des XIIe-XIVe siècles de l'Ouest de la France. Les inscriptions sont un moyen de communication écrite avec un but de conservation de la mémoire et de transmission de l'information au public large, prenant place dans un matériau le plus souvent durable. À cette fin, elles utilisent des moyens langagiers et graphiques (des codes) qui leur sont propres et qui permettent de parler d'un « discours épigraphique ». Ces codes sont la brièveté, l'emploi des formules, des déictiques et l'usage des majuscules. En parallèle, le discours épigraphique a recours aux éléments de la rhétorique, montre une recherche esthétique et élabore une pragmatique. Au cours des XIIe- XIVe siècles, ce discours, jusque là en latin, accueille la langue romane, comme les autres sources écrites. Cette période est un « tuilage », car les deux langues cohabitent. Le français apparaît d'abord dans des mots isolés, puis à l'échelle de textes entiers, selon des chronologies variables suivant les régions. Ce changement linguistique est dû à de nouveaux acteurs de la communication, plus nombreux et plus diversifiés : les laïcs. Par l'entremise des inscriptions, le français pénètre publiquement et durablement dans des espaces où il n'était qu'oral, ceux de la sphère religieuse, et modifie ainsi son statut sociolinguistique<br>This dissertation examines twelfth-to-fourteenth-century inscriptions in the west of France in order to understand how language was used, both as an institution and as social practice. The theoretic background is drawn from linguistic trends such as discourse analysis and sociolinguistics, and as a result, it is situated at the intersection of history and linguistics. Inscriptions, as a form of written communication, present durable messages preserved in stone, glass, metal, wood... These epigraphic messages use specific linguistic and graphic means (codes) that may be understood as a type of "epigraphic discourse." The codes consist of brevity, formulae, deictic words, and the use of capital letters. At the same time, the authors of inscriptions demonstrate an aesthetic and pragmatic use of rhetorical figures. Latin is the predominant language. However, a few noteworthy examples of inscriptions in French begin to appear in the twelfth century. The use of French for inscriptions becomes a widespread phenomenon from the second half of the thirteenth century onwards, but Latin does not disappear. At first, only a few words of an inscription are in French. Then, the vernacular is used for the entire text. This linguistic shift from Latin to French suggests the introduction of new actors in written communication: lay people. As the use of French for inscriptions increased, vernacular epigraphic texts begin to appear in ecclesiastical spaces, where the vernacular had only been used orally. Epigraphy allowed for sustainable exhibition of the vernacular language and, thus, provided French with a prestige that increased the language's perceived sociolinguistic status

The question of ‘the Pictish language’ has been discussed for over four hundred years, and for well over two centuries it has been the subject of ceaseless and often heated debate. The main disagreement focusing on its linguistic categorisation – whether it was Celtic, Germanic (using modern terminology) or whether it belonged to some more exotic language group such as Basque. If it was Celtic then was it Brittonic or Goidelic? The answer to such questions was of some importance in ascertaining to whom the Scottish past belonged. Was it to immigrant Irish, conquering Germanic peoples or native Britons? The twentieth century saw the normalising of the view that it was closely related to Brittonic with some erudite scholars maintaining that another, non-Celtic language, was also spoken in Pictland. The debate subsequently shifted to focusing on just how close was the relationship between Pictish and Neo-Brittonic. Was Pictish simply a northerly dialect variant of the latter or was it indeed a more distinct and perhaps conservative form, evolving independently in an area outwith Roman power and linguistic influence? Recently, as the field of Pictish studies was subjected to both linguistic and historical scrutiny, discussions have become significantly more sophisticated, but the core question remains, as to whether Pictish distinctiveness merits the label ‘dialect’ or ‘language’, as the Venerable Bede himself stated. This thesis will investigate this core issue by providing an overview of previous thinking and scrutinising the evidence for early divergence. It is intended as groundwork for much needed further studies into this field.

Medieval cartularies have been the focus of many studies in the past few decades. Rather than simply repositories for charter texts, cartularies are now regarded by those who study them as carefully curated collections of texts whose contents and arrangement reflect the immediate concerns and archival environment of the communities that created them. One feature of cartularies which has not received attention is the ‘growth’ of their manuscripts beyond the initial phase of creation. This growth refers not only to the addition of fresh gatherings but also to the piecemeal addition of texts into the available spaces, often in a haphazard order and by many scribes working across a number of decades. ‘Manuscript growth’ is not an uncommon feature of cartularies from the central middle ages, particularly from the thirteenth century onwards. As a phenomenon, however, it has not been recognised or studied, for the good reason that it is difficult to discuss haphazard manuscript growth in a systematic way. This thesis offers a new methodology which engages with multi-scribe contributions to ‘active’ cartularies. It takes a holistic approach which integrates the textual and ‘physical’ evidence of cartularies, and embraces all forms of scribal activity. By studying the growth of cartulary manuscripts, we can gain significant insights into the contemporary use and perception of these valuable objects. This thesis therefore takes a fresh look at the ‘genre’ of medieval cartularies through the eyes of the manuscript evidence itself, and what this can reveal about its medieval scribes and readers. Two manuscripts are taken as the basis of this study: the older cartulary of Glasgow Cathedral (AUL SCA MS JB 1/3) and the older cartulary of Lindores Abbey (in private ownership in Caprington Castle). Chapter 1 introduces the field of cartulary studies, with reference to new work in this area (particularly in relation to cartularies in France and England). Central questions in this field are introduced, such as the definition of a cartulary, their creation and function. It also discusses approaches to analysing complex codices and multi-scribe activity within other manuscript genres. In Chapter 2, a new methodology will be introduced for analysing manuscript growth. This involves rethinking our approach to some familiar elements of manuscripts: their codicology, binding history, the scribes, as well as the challenge of dating the various contributions to the cartularies. New concepts and terminology will be introduced (such as ‘relative dating’ and ‘series’) that have been developed in response to these two complex cartularies. By applying this new methodology, the creation and subsequent growth of each manuscript can be examined in detail in Chapter 3 (for Glasgow Cathedral’s cartulary) and Chapter 4 (for Lindores Abbey’s). It is shown that the contemporary experience of these two cartularies was as a collection of simultaneously ‘active’ units (either unbound or in temporary bindings), offering new scribes a choice of where to place their material. Chapter 5 draws together the analysis, and focuses on the initial creation of the cartularies, the nature of their growth by piecemeal additions, and the reasons for this growth. This reveals two communities that took an active approach to reading and extending their cartularies, treating these manuscripts as a shared space. The vexed question of ‘repeated’ texts within cartularies is reconsidered in this light. The analysis allows us to develop a deeper understanding of the cartularies’ function and the role of their scribes as primarily readers, whose interactions with the manuscript were responsive and dynamic. The institutional setting is also discussed. The thesis concludes by considering the implications of this study for our understanding of the function and typology of cartularies, their relationship to archives of single-sheet documents, and as sources for institutional identity, as well as the potential of the methodology to act as a starting point for studying scribal interactions and scribes as readers in other manuscript genres with multi-scribe growth.

El trabajo se asienta sobre en el estudio y la edición de un libro de contabilidad del siglo XV Libre de la magnifica señora Caterina Llull començat el 2 de jener de 1472 compilado por una mujer catalana Caterina Llull y Çabastida que vivió entre Siracusa y Barcelona y que se conserva en el Archivo del Centro Borja de S. Cugat del Vallès dentro del fondo archivístico privado de la familia Requesens. La investigación de la fuente mencionada se ha completado con otros documentos del mismo archivo familiar y con la documentación de otros archivos catalanes permitiendome, además, profundizar en algunos aspectos económicos y sociales de la Sicilia oriental del siglo XV, y llevar a cabo un análisis más amplio de las características y de los diferentes aspectos del así llamado "Medioevo en femenino". La tesis està dividida en tres partes: estudio paleografico-codocologico, socio-economico y transcripciòn completa del manuscrito con indice onomàstico.<br>The work is based on the study and the edition of a 15th century's account book, the Libre de la magnifica señora Caterina Llull començat el 2 de jener de 1472, written out by Caterina Llull y Cabastida who lived halfway between Siracusa and Barcellona. The manuscript is kept in the Borja Centre Archives in S. Cugat del Valles into the Requenses family's private records. The research of the above-said book has been enriched by other documents coming from the same family archives and from other catalan archives, and this has allowed me to investigate some economic and social aspects related to the eastern Sicily during the 15th century and, moreover, to carry out a wider analysis of the distinctive and different sides of the so-called "Woman's Middle Ages". The thesis is divided into three parts: the paleographic and codicological study, the social-economic examination, and the complete transcription of the manuscript with onomastic index.

Between the fourth and the seventh centuries CE, Christian patrons erected thousands of churches, chapels, and monasteries in cities and villages across the Mediterranean, decorating the apses, walls and floors of many of these structures with figural and geometric mosaics. These late antique Christian mosaics have been studied for their iconography, their Graeco-Roman components, and as evidence for the religious beliefs of newly-Christian patrons. However, art historians largely have ignored the ways that texts, inscribed within the visual field and composed of the same mosaic material, functioned as images in Christian spaces. For the first time, this thesis assembles the foundations of a comprehensive catalogue of early Christian mosaic inscriptions, places them back into the physical spaces in which they were meant to be read, and analyzes how these texts functioned both verbally and visually for the late antique reader/viewer, against the backdrop of Graeco-Roman traditions. I first examine the ekphrastic components of Christian inscriptions and look more closely at the different ways in which texts work with and against images and spaces, encouraging the viewer to react physically and mentally. Second, I study the language of light used by the inscriptions, and argue that this language linked text to the material of mosaic and enabled patrons to make complex statements about their cultural erudition and religious affiliation. Third, I investigate the functions and visual forms of short tituli which label scenes or name figures to simplify, authenticate or transform static images into narratives in motion. Finally, I turn to the frames of the inscriptions and contend that different forms conveyed powerful visual arguments. By writing these texts back into their mosaics, this thesis argues that texts and images were inseparable in the period, and that text written into images performed and played in more complex ways than has been previously thought.

Depuis longtemps déjà, l'élaboration des chartes a intéressé les médiévistes. Les questions de l'écriture, de la rédaction et finalement de l'identité des personnes impliquées dans la production de ces textes ont ainsi mené à une myriade de méthodes et à des questions de recherche particulières. Cette thèse explore la méthodologie disponible pour les diplomatistes, et ceci par l'étude des chartes épiscopales des diocèses de Liège, d'Arras et de Cambrai- type de charte qui mérite certainement une plus grande attention. Surtout le développement des méthodes numériques a fait l'objet de l'attention, en particulier par le test du logiciel GIWIS et par l'usage de techniques du domaine de la stylométrie, sans perdre de vue les méthodes manuelles. Enfin, cette étude concerne l'analyse des noms présents dans ces actes, afin de tenter d'identifier les personnes actives dans leur élaboration<br>The production process of charters has often demanded the attention of medievalists in the past. Questions related to the writing, the composing and eventually the identity of the individuals who produced these texts have led to a myriad of methods. This research explores the available methodology for diplomatists, via the analysis of the episcopal charters coming from the dioceses of Liège, Arras and Cambrai - a type of charter deserving of more attention. The development of digital techniques, in particular, have been considered and tested, specifically the computer programme GIWIS and procedures used in the field of stylometry, without losing touch with the analogue methods. Finally, this dissertation takes the study of the names present in our charters in consideration, in an attempt at identifying the individuals who were active in the production of these episcopal charters

Aquesta tesi doctoral com diu el seu títol es centra en analitzar la construcció de l'església de Sant Feliu de Girona al segle XIV a través de l'anàlisi dels llibres d'obra conservats a l'Arxiu Diòcesa de Girona.<br/>Aquesta tesi doctoral esta dividida en quatre parts. En la primera part s'analitza la historiografia de l'església de Sant Feliu de Girona des del segle XVII fins a l'actualitat. Dins d'aquest apartat s'analitzen les notícies que aporten els diferents autors i es situa el context historiogràfic de cadascun dels segles. S'ha realitzat un estudi molt exhaustiu en les darreres publicacions del segle XX i inicis del segle XXI. Un cop analitzades aquestes fonts - secundàries -, dins d'aquesta primera part del treball s'ha passat a analitzar els llibres d'obra del segle XIV. S'analitzaràn els aspectes formals i els diferents escrivans encarregats de realitzar aquests llibres d'obra. Aquesta serà la documentació bàsica per realitzar aquesta tesi doctoral.<br/>En la segona part del treball es procedirà a analitzar la gestió i el finançament de l'Obra. Es tracta d'una anàlisi, bàsicament dels ingressos, per veure quines són les estratègies que es duen a terme per aconseguir el màxim de recursos per la construcció i per les necessitats "litúrgiques" de l'església de Sant Feliu de Girona. En aquest apartat s'ha analitzat l'Obra com a entitat amb les persones que formen part d'ella i el paper que correspon a cadascuna d'elles (l'obrer, l'escrivà, el mestre d'obres, el questor). També s'han analitzat els promotors i aquells ingressos que, pel seu volum, subministren el nombre més gran de diners a l'Obra ("annates", bacins, etc.).<br/>La tercera part ha consistit en l'elaboració de la cronologia constructiva de l'església de Sant Feliu de Girona partint de la informació obtinguda en els llibres d'obra corresponent a les despeses. S'han analitzat totes aquelles obres, tant pel que fa a la construcció de l'edifici com pel que fa a reparacions i manteniment, que tenen lloc entre l'any 1349 (data del primer llibre d'obra de despeses) i l'any 1391. En aquesta part no s'ha entrat a analitzar de forma exhaustiva les figures que fan possible la construcció de l'església al segle XIV ja que això pertany al contingut de la darrera part del nostre treball.<br/>La darrera part del treball correspon a l'execució de les obres. En aquesta part trobem quatre grans capítols: els mestres d'obra, la mà d'obra, els materials i els mitjans auxiliars. En cadascun d'aquests capítols s'ha incidit sobre el rol dels diferents treballadors durant la construcció del temple, els materials utilitzats i les seves característiques (pedra, fusta, aglomerants, etc.) i els mitjans auxiliars utilitzats per col.locar aquests materials en obra. S'han separat els mestres d'obres de la resta de treballadors ja que els primers juguen un rol diferenciat dels segons. S'ha intentat analitzar en ambdós casos els seus sous i les tasques de cadascun d'ells. Pel que fa als materials també s'ha procedit a analitzar d'on s'extreuen, com han arribat a peu d'obra i on s'emmagatzemen i manipulen o transformen abans d'ésser col.locats en obra. Dels mitjans auxiliars s'ha intentat analitzar les funcions per la qual es fan servir les eines (apareixen totes les de l'ofici de pedrer), els enginys (elevar pesos), les bastides (poder treballar en alçada) i el encofrats (garantir la resistència inicial dels elements constructius).<br/>Evidentment s'han establert unes conclusions de cadascuna de les parts i unes conclusions finals. La tesi també inclou els agraïments corresponents, el prefaci i la bibliografia.<br>This doctoral thesis how it says their title focuses on analyzing the construction of the church of Saint Feliu of Girona in the 14th century through the analysis of the books of work preserved on the Archive Diòcesa of Girona.<br/>This doctoral thesis esta divided into four deliveries. In the first part the historiography of the church of Saint Feliu de Girona since the 17th century until the present is analyzed. In this section the news that the different authors bring is analyzed and the historiogràfic context of each of the centuries is placed. A very exhaustive study has been carried out in the last publications of the 20th century and beginnings of the 21st century. Once analyzed these fountains|sources? secondary?, in this first part of the work has been gone|passed to analyzing the books of work of the 14th century. The formal aspects and the different court clerks been of carrying out these books of work in charge will be analyzed. This will be the basic documentation to carry out this doctoral thesis.<br/>In the second part of the work people will proceed to analyzing the formality and the funding of the Work. It is about an analysis, in a basic way of the admissions, to see which they are the strategies that they are carried out to achieve the maximum of resources for the construction and from the "liturgical" needs of the church of Saint Feliu de Girona. In this section the Work as an entity with the persons who are part of her and the paper|role that corresponds to each of them (the worker, the court clerk, the master builder, the questor) have been analyzed. The promoters and those admissions|incomes that, for its volume, supply the Work ("annates", bowls, etc) with the greatest number of money have also been analyzed.<br/>The third part has consisted of the elaboration of the constructive chronology of the church of Saint Feliu de Girona following the obtained information in the books of work corresponding to the expenses. All those works, regarding the construction of the building as well as regarding repairs and maintenance, that have place among year 1349, (it dates from the first book of expenses work) and in year 1391 have been analyzed. In this part people have not entered to analyze in an exhaustive way the people that make the construction of the church in the 14th century possible since this belongs to the contents of the last part of our work.<br/>The last part of the work corresponds to the execution of the works. In this part we find four big chapters: the teachers of work, the labor, the materials and the auxiliary means. In each of these chapters the role of the different workers during the construction of the temple, the used materials and its characteristics (stone, wood, binders, etc) has been fallen upon and the auxiliary means used for placing these materials in work. The master builders of the rest of workers have been sorted out since the first play a role differentiated from the seconds. It has been attempted to analyze their salaries and the tasks of each of them in both cases. Regarding the materials has also been proceeded to analyzing from where they are extracted, how they have arrived on foot of work and where they are stored and where they manipulate or where they transform before being placed in work. Of the auxiliary means has been attempted to analyze the functions for which the tools (they turn up all the ones of the profession of gizzard) are used, the wits (to elevate weights), the scaffolds (to be able to work in height) and the framework (to guarantee the initial resistance of the constructive elements).<br/>Obviously some conclusions of each of the parts and some final conclusions have been established. The thesis also includes the corresponding gratitude, the preface and the bibliography.

La bibliothèque du couvent franciscain médiéval d'Assise a été inventorié par frère Jean de Iolo en 1381. Jean a aussi collé des étiquettes dans le plat postérieur de chaque manuscrit, portant l’indication du nom de l'auteur et de l'oeuvre ainsi que l’emplacement dans la bibliothèque. Dans l'inventaire du 1381 il décrit environ 700 livres, dont il s’est avéré l’existant d’environ 540, desquels la majorité est encore conservées dans la bibliothèque d'Assise. Des restants, une centaine, ont migré vers d'autres bibliothèques italiennes et étrangères. L'inventaire montre aussi que la collection de livres avait été divisée en deux bibliothèques, une nommé libraria publica, dans laquelle les livres ont été enchaînés aux bancs, une nommé libraria secreta, dans laquelle les livres étaient enfermés dans un armarium et disponibles au prêt.J'ai essayé d'étudier cette collection de livres d'un point de vue codicologique, que je pense jusqu'iciinexploré. Il n'était pas question d'étudier les manuscrits individuellement, peut-être le plus important pour leurs contenu ou leurs histoire, chose qui avait été faite dans le passé, mais de combiner les données tirées des manuscrits franciscains d'Assise connus, les saisir dans des bases des données et permettre aux données eux-mêmes d’apporter des informations.La première partie de ce travail se concentrera sur l'histoire de la bibliothèque médiévale, mais même dans ces paragraphes je fais souvent référence à des éléments codicologiques. La partie centrale cherche à mettre en évidence le caractère unique de la collection de la bibliothèque d’Assise, tels que Jean de Iolo l’a « photographié » en 1381.La dernière partie est plus spécifiquement de nature codicologique, dans laquelle j’ai mis en évidence les facteurs liés à la fabrication et à l'écriture des manuscrits<br>So far, the oldest description that we have of the Franciscan Library of Assisi is an inventory made in 1381 by the friar John of Iolo. Friar John also labelled the manuscripts with strips of paper put on the covers and bearing the name of the author, the title and a call number of the manuscript.The inventory describes about 700 manuscripts; so far 540 have been identified, the majority of which are preserved in the Assisi Library. Among the ones which are not in Assisi, about 100 have been found in libraries either in Italy and in other countries. From the inventory one can infer that the Library was divided in two: the libraria publica, where the books were chained to the benches; and the libraria secreta, where the books were closed in the armarium and the books were available to be borrowed.I aimed to study this book collection from a codicological point of view, which had not had been investigated until now.I preferred not to focus on each manuscript and its content. Rather, I aimed to look at the library as a whole; therefore I gathered the general data by taking them from the descriptions of the manuscripts and then I combined those data within a new database; by doing this I was able to draw out new information about the collection itself.The first section of this work is focused on the history of the library, where I often referred to codicological elements. The central section aims to evidence the wholeness of the Assisi library, the way it was « pictured » by John of Iolo in 1381.Finally, the third section clearly highlights the codicological aspect of this research; here I tried to underline all the factors related to the book making and the writing of the manuscripts<br>La biblioteca del convento francescano medievale di Assisi è stata inventariata da fr. Giovanni di Iolo nel 1381. Gianni ha anche preparato le etichette, con l’indicazione dell’autore e del titolo dell’opera e la lettera di collocazione, per il piatto posteriore di ogni manoscritto. Nell’inventario del 1381 descrive circa 700 libri, dei quali ne sono stati identificati circa 540, la maggior parte conservata ancora nella biblioteca di Assisi. Dei restanti, circa un centinaio, è migrato verso altre biblioteche italiane e straniere. L’inventario mostra anche che la collezione dei libri era stata divisa in due biblioteche, una denominata libraria publica, nella quale i libri erano incatenati ai plutei, un’altra denominata libraria secreta, nella quale i libri erano conservati in un armarium e disponibili per il prestito. Ho cercato di studiare questa collezione di libri da un punto di vista codicologico, prospettiva secondo me inesplorata. Non si è trattato di studiare solo alcuni manoscritti, i più importanti per il contenuto o la loro storia, cosa già fatta in passato, ma di raccogliere dati ottenuti da tutti i manoscritti francescani di Assisi identificati, inserirli in banche dati e permettere ai dati stessi di fornire informazioni.La prima parte di questo lavoro si concentrerà sulla storia della biblioteca medievale, ma anche in questi paragrafi si farà spesso riferimento a elementi codicologici. La parte centrale cercherà di mettere in evidenza il carattere unico della collezione della biblioteca di Assisi, come Giovanni di Iolo la “fotografò” nel 1381. L’ultima parte è di natura più specificamente codicologica, in questa io ho messo in evidenza i fattori legati alla fabbricazione e alla scritturare dei manoscritti

Les inscriptions persanes de Ghazni constituent des témoignages artistiques ainsi que des sources primaires originales sur l’histoire culturelle des Ghaznavides (366-582/977-1186). Leur étude nous informe sur l’apport de cette dynastie à l’affirmation du persan moderne comme langue épigraphique « nouvelle » complémentaire à l’arabe, et sur les spécificités de cette réalisation. Le corpus examiné réunit 228 fragments d’inscriptions poétiques en persan, dont 113 inédits. Ces textes sont sculptés sur des plaques en marbre relevées par la Mission Archéologique Italienne en Afghanistan dans les années 1950-1960 et provenant pour la plupart d’un palais royal fouillé à Ghazni. Forte d’une approche interdisciplinaire, nous poursuivons deux objectifs principaux : le premier est d’offrir une analyse exhaustive de ce corpus épigraphique, qui fasse ressortir toute information historique dont il est porteur. Le second vise à la mise en contexte des inscriptions et se traduit par une étude comparative des sources épigraphiques et littéraires produites à Ghazni et dans l’ensemble du monde iranien aux Ve/XIe et VIe/XIIe siècles. La diffusion de l’épigraphie persane dans la capitale ghaznavide est confirmée par certains documents inédits externes à notre corpus principal, qui posent des jalons pour une chronologie de cette pratique à l’échelle locale et régionale. Nous constatons en outre le rôle central joué par la poésie persane dans la tradition épigraphique des Ghaznavides, qui emprunte le vocabulaire des panégyristes pour célébrer l’idéologie royale et les valeurs de l’Islam. Cet usage trouve des échos dans les autres régions de l’Iran pré-mongol et donne une voix à la politique culturelle des dynasties musulmanes orientales<br>Persian inscriptions from Ghazni may be regarded as both artistic testimonies and original primary sources for the cultural history of the Ghaznavid dynasty (366-582/977-1186). They provide evidence of the Ghaznavid contribution to the rise of New Persian as an epigraphic language complementary to Arabic, and of the distinctive features of its use. Our study focuses on a corpus composed of 228 fragments of Persian poetic inscriptions, 113 of which have remained unpublished until now. These texts, carved onto marble dado panels, were mostly retrieved from a royal palace in Ghazni and recorded by the Italian Archaeological Mission in Afghanistan in the 1950s and 1960s. Through an interdisciplinary approach, we pursue two main goals: firstly, to offer a comprehensive analysis of this epigraphic corpus in order to bring to light any historical data it may disclose. Secondly, to place the Persian inscriptions in context by means of a comparative study of epigraphic and literary sources produced in Ghazni and in the Persianate world between the 5th/11th and the 6th/12th centuries. The spread of Persian epigraphy in the Ghaznavid capital city is confirmed by a set of documents that falls beyond our main corpus and until now has remained unknown. This new evidence provides chronological benchmarks for the use of Persian epigraphy at local and regional levels. We also note the central role played by Persian poetry in the Ghaznavid epigraphic tradition, borrowing the vocabulary of court panegyrists to build up a celebration of royal and Islamic ideals. This particular use finds echoes in other regions of pre-Mongol Iran and gives voice to the cultural policy of Eastern Islamic dynasties

Cette thèse de doctorat offre deux aspects de la recherche en épigraphie médiévale, à savoir la réalisation d'un corpus des inscriptions médiévales conservées et/ou concernant les diocèses d'Arras, de Cambrai, de Liège, de Thérouanne et de Tournai, et l'étude de ces inscriptions dans une perspective historique. Pour cela, les épigraphes ont été classées en quatre groupes: les inscriptions sur les objets archéologiques mérovingiens, les inscriptions funéraires (épitaphes, endotaphes et authentiques de reliques), les inscriptions relatives à l'histoire des bâtiments religieux et les inscriptions sur les objets liturgiques. Pour chaque catégorie, les formulaires des textes ont été analysés pour eux-mêmes, puis les uns par rapport aux autres. Ils ont ensuite été étudiés en tenant compte du contexte d'insertion (emplacement dans les édifices de culte, rapport avec d'autres textes ou avec des images, etc.). Le but de cette démarche est de déterminer la fonction des inscriptions médiévales et d'enrichir notre connaissance de l'histoire de la mort et de la liturgie au Moyen Age.<br>Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Emendatio vitae was the most widely copied of all Richard Rolle’s writings in fourteenth and fifteenth-century England, and yet in modern scholarship this important work and its early audience have received comparatively little scholarly attention. My aim has been to address this lacuna by producing an edition of one of the seven Middle English translations of the text - Amendinge of Lyf - with notes and glossary. In an introductory study I adopt a dual focus: Rolle’s intended audience, and the actual early readers of this particular Middle English translation. Firstly, I conclude that Rolle may have intended Emendatio vitae as a work of ‘pastoralia’, for secular priests, and therefore with a wider audience of the laity also in mind. This being the case, it demonstrates that the adaptation of traditionally eremitic contemplative writings for a general audience, so widespread in the fifteenth-century, was already stirring in Rolle’s day. Secondly, I look in detail at a specific crosssection of Rolle’s early readership: a translator, several scribes and correctors, and other early readers and owners. The striking thing about this segment of the text’s reception is its breadth, including a priest, a number of prominent lay women and men, and by the end of the fifteenth-century also Dominican and Benedictine nuns.

This thesis describes a new line segmentation method that is optimized for medieval manuscripts. Using a thinned version of the binarized document image, the segmentation algorithm extracts two types of salient features from the handwritten patterns: nodes, whose distribution allows for the detection of line axes; segments, which are labeled according to the nodes they connect. This method obtains very good results on manuscripts that are usually considered hard to segment because of the numerous overlapping and touching lines. By contrast with many existing segmentation algorithms, this method does not rely on user-entered parameters and is not overly sensitive to the quality of the preprocessing treatments. Although more work is required to make it resistant to fluctuating lines, this line separation technique can already handle a large set of medieval documents and provides a useful input to a character segmentation program.<br>Line segmentation techniques in off-line handwriting recognition -- Line segmentation with the profile method -- Feature-based line segmentation -- Tests and conclusions.<br>Department of Computer Science

O objetivo desta dissertação é aprofundar os nossos conhecimentos sobre a forma como se desenvolveu o pretérito perfeito passivo na transição do latim para o português. Na primeira parte, apresentamos os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos do projeto de investigação, salientando alguns dados sobre o funcionamento do verbo em latim, nos sistemas do infectum e do perfectum, e caraterizando as formas e os valores que estão associados ao paradigma acima identificado. Na segunda parte, apresentamos o corpus epigráfico e procedemos à análise dos dados linguísticos, sob os pontos de vista scriptográfico, sintático e semântico, formulando uma hipótese que tenta explicar a coexistência de duas formas para uma só categoria verbal: (1) PPV + AUX est (= perífrases-E); (2) PPV + AUX fuit (= perífrases-F). Na terceira parte, discutimos as conclusões extraídas da análise dos dados integrados no corpus para efeitos de caraterização do funcionamento da língua, no contexto histórico que precede o aparecimento do português como língua escrita. Entre outras conclusões relevantes, o estudo do problema linguístico permitiu constatar que: 1) Em latim, havia duas construções verbais com a mesma função gramatical. Esta coexistência resultou de ambiguidades de interpretação relacionadas com os valores de tempo e aspeto; 2) As construções (1) e (2) entraram em competição para efeitos de marcação da categoria verbal. Nesta competição, uma das formas (1) desapareceu e outra (2) manteve a sua função original; 3) A hipótese que explica este processo relaciona-se com a noção de inferência semântica. Nesta hipótese, o critério da transparência linguística depende de uma relação de convergência entre estrutura verbal e significado verbal; 4) O corpus epigráfico ajuda a esclarecer estes fenómenos e alarga os dados cuja análise permite explicar este problema linguístico.<br>The scope of this dissertation is to deepen our knowledge on the development of the passive perfect in the transition from Latin to Portuguese. In the first part, we present the theoretical and methodological backgrounds of the research project, highlighting some data on the functioning of the Latin verb, in the infectum and perfectum systems, and characterizing the forms and values related to the above mentioned paradigm. In the second part, we present the epigraphic corpus and proceed with the analysis of the linguistic data, from a scriptographic, syntactic and semantic point of view, testing the hypothesis that tries to explain the coexistence of two forms for one verbal category: (1) PPV + AUX est (= E-periphrases); (2) PPV + AUX fuit (= F-periphrases). In the third part, we discuss the conclusions drawn from the analysis of the data incorporated in the corpus, in order to characterize the functioning of the language in the historical context that precedes the emergence of Portuguese as a written language. Among other relevant conclusions, the consideration of the linguistic problem showed that: 1) In Latin, there were two verbal constructions with the same grammatical function. This coexistence resulted from ambiguities of interpretation related to tense and aspect values; 2) Both constructions entered into competition for marking the verbal category. In this competition, one form (1) disappeared and the other (2) kept its original function; 3) The hypothesis that explains this process relates to the notion of semantic inference. In this hypothesis, the criterion of linguistic transparency depends on the convergence between verbal structure and verbal meaning; 4) The epigraphic corpus helps to clarify these phenomena and expands the data that explain this linguistic problem.