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Journal articles on the topic 'Medieval History and criticism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Hornsby, Joseph, and David Aers. "Medieval Literature: Criticism, Ideology and History." South Atlantic Review 53, no. 1 (January 1988): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3200408.

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2

Samson, Anne, and David Aers. "Medieval Literature: Criticism, Ideology and History." Modern Language Review 84, no. 4 (October 1989): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3731173.

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3

Strohm, Paul. "Medieval Literature: Criticism, Ideology and History. David Aers." Speculum 63, no. 2 (April 1988): 352–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2853226.

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Emerton, J. A., and Hava Lazarus-Yafeh. "Intertwined Worlds. Medieval Islam and Bible Criticism." Vetus Testamentum 44, no. 1 (January 1994): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1519436.

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Schwerhoff, Gerd, Benjamin Seebröker, Alexander Kästner, and Wiebke Voigt. "Hard numbers? The long-term decline in violence reassessed. Empirical objections and fresh perspectives." Continuity and Change 36, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416021000096.

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AbstractOver the last decades social scientists have alleged that violence has decreased in Europe since late medieval times. They consider homicide rates a valid indicator for this claim. Thorough source criticism, however, raises serious doubts about the decline thesis having any substantial empirical foundation. Forms and contents of the sources are immensely heterogeneous and a closer look at the alleged richness of the data uncovers remarkable gaps. Furthermore, medieval and early modern population estimates are highly unreliable. Thus, we argue that historical research on violence should

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Bakri, Nabil. "MAGISTERIUM AS THE ENEMY OF LIBERAL THOUGHTS IN PHILLIP PULLMAN’S NORTHERN LIGHTS." Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies 6, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v6i2.61493.

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Pullman’s Northern Lights is considered by many as a representation of negative criticism toward religion, especially Christianity, for its depictions of the Magisterium. Many researches aim to unravel Pullman’s criticism and prove whether or not the novel is about ‘killing God’, resulting in the general perception that Northern Lights is a condemnation of religion. By comparing the novel to the history of Medieval Church and the power of Magisterium to the Bible, this analysis means to prove whether or not the criticism is addressed to religion and to figure out who really ‘kills God’ that be

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Jinhan Lee. "Minse’s Understanding on the Korean Medieval History and Criticism of the Historical Materialism." SA-CHONG(sa) ll, no. 70 (March 2010): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.16957/sa..70.201003.59.

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Driedger, Michael, and Johannes C. Wolfart. "Reframing the History of New Religious Movements." Nova Religio 21, no. 4 (May 1, 2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2018.21.4.5.

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In this special issue of Nova Religio four historians of medieval and early modern Christianities offer perspectives on basic conceptual frameworks widely employed in new religions studies, including modernization and secularization, radicalism/violent radicalization, and diversity/diversification. Together with a response essay by J. Gordon Melton, these articles suggest strong possibilities for renewed and ongoing conversation between scholars of “old” and “new” religions. Unlike some early discussions, ours is not aimed simply at questioning the distinction between old and new religions its

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Chiesa, Paolo. "La Filologia mediolatina: una disciplina di frontiera." AION (filol.) Annali dell’Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale” 42, no. 1 (October 14, 2020): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17246172-40010033.

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Abstract This article sketches a short history of Latin literature of the Middle Ages (as academic discipline) in Italy; defines its possible boundaries and relationships with other disciplines; lists the peculiarities of textual criticism when applied in the specific field of Latin medieval texts; highlights the methodological contribution brought by the scholars of this discipline, in order to build a ‘global philology’.

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Bland, Kalman. "Welcoming Images: Medievally." IMAGES 1, no. 1 (2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187180007782347575.

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AbstractInformed by theoretical considerations distinguishing "visual culture" from "art history" as articulated by W. J. T. Mitchell, this essay compares the editorial programs of two neonatal, overlapping, yet distinct journals: Ars Judaica and Images. The essay concludes by considering passages from two medieval Jewish authorities, Joseph Albo and Judah Alharizi, that suggest new horizons in criticism made possible by Images. Among these horizons are "investigations of the negative and repellent."

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Szczepański, Seweryn. "Ab humana memoria negoci mundi facilius elebuntur, que nec scripto eternatur.”. Remarks on the historical geography and chronology of Pomesania and Pogesania in the Middle Ages." Masuro-⁠Warmian Bulletin 301, no. 3 (October 10, 2018): 574–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134884.

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In this article, the author focuses on the analysis of Mieczysław Józefczyk’s book: Kościół i społeczeństwo w Prusach krzyżackich. Teksty źródłowe do dziejów chrześcijaństwa w Pomezanii i Pogezanii (Church and Society in Teutonic Order Prussia. The Textual Sources for the History of Christianity in Pomesania and Pogesania), published by the Warmińskie Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne in Elbląg in 2017. A detailed criticism of the author’s methodology of the book is presented, with the correction of many errors related to the historical geography of medieval Prussia, medieval chronology and philology. T

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Dalché, Patrick Gautier. "Maps, Travel and Exploration in the Middle Ages: Some Reflections about Anachronism." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 12 (December 30, 2015): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.8813.

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Abstract: How were maps conceived in the Middle Ages? Using the words “map”, “travel” and “exploration”, historians must be wary of anachronism. Medieval maps, like ours maps, are always materialized thought-objects and are thus interpretations of the world, inevitably variable and subject to criticism; in this respect, “modernity” has neither invented nor changed anything. The article addresses some anachronisms about the role of mappae mundi in mental journeys, their function in maritime travels and their role during the great “discoveries”; it claims that no other pre-modern civilization, e

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13

Savinov, Rodion V. "“Atmosphere of Truth”: Models for History of Philosophy in Neo-Scholasticism and Neo-Thomism." History of Philosophy 27, no. 2 (November 10, 2022): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2022-27-2-16-26.

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The article shows the development of historical and philosophical problems in Neo-Scholasticism and Neo-Thomism. There are two key goals that authors of historical and philosophical models of the development of intellectual culture sought to solve: primarily, this is the legitimation of Scholasticism as a philosophical tradition, and secondly, its actualization in the context of the philosophical and theological discussions of their time. After the 1840s catholic intellectuals realized a gap to the medieval and post-medieval scholastic tradition, and their historical and philosophical research

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Nothaft, C. Philipp E. "Criticism of trepidation models and advocacy of uniform precession in medieval Latin astronomy." Archive for History of Exact Sciences 71, no. 3 (November 11, 2016): 211–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00407-016-0184-1.

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Peters, Ursula. "Die Rückkehr der ›Gesellschaft‹ in die Kulturwissenschaft." Scientia Poetica 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scipo-2018-001.

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Abstract Coinciding with the cultural turn in the humanities, a critical discussion in literary studies has begun in recent years that relates to the problems of rejecting social questions and an associated turning away from social history. Against the backdrop of this debate, my research report offers an overview of the conceptual possibilities and methodological problems in a ›return of society‹ within medieval philology. This is based on three established research areas of socio-historical literary studies: postcolonial literary criticism, literary ecocriticism and literary economics.

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Kilger, Christoph. "The Slavs Yesterday and Today - Different Perspectives on Slavic Ethnicity in German Archaeology." Current Swedish Archaeology 6, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.1998.08.

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This article deals with the numerous images of the Slavic tribes between the Elbe and the Oder in archaeological interpretations. The position taken by East German archaeologists was to integrate the Slavs explicitly into the theoretical constructions of historical-materialism; in the ideological struggle between East and West the Slavs, as victims of medieval feudal developments politically supported the picture of a common socialist identity and history. In contrast West German archaeologists on the basis of rigid source criticism placed the Slavs behind the scenes of the historical stage.

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Tzvi Langermann, Y. "Criticism of Authority in the Writings of Moses Maimonides and Fakhr Al-Din Al-Razi." Early Science and Medicine 7, no. 3 (2002): 255–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338202x00144.

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AbstractCriticism of authority was a prominent feature of medieval philosophical writing. In this study the critiques of two contemporaneous scholars, Moses Maimonides and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, are compared. Maimonides criticized Hellenistic authorities, mainly Aristotle. However, the starting point for his critique was Aristotle's admission of the limitations of his own inquiries. Maimonides admired Aristotle's questioning of his own conclusions; indeed, his own thought was characterized by constant self-doubt. Al-Rāzī criticized an earlier Muslim scholar, Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), an intellectual

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Linden-Ward, Blanche. "Putting the Past under Grass: History as Death and Cemetery Commemoration." Prospects 10 (October 1985): 279–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300004130.

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“Our age is retrospective,” Emerson observed in 1836. “It builds the sepulchres of the fathers. It writes biographies, histories, and criticism.” Emerson identified a phenomenon far greater than the literary production of the New England Renaissance. He put his finger on an attitude toward the past that was quite new, yet was imitative rather than provincial and idiosyncratic. The Americans of Emerson's time developed a commemorative consciousness similar to that of the English and French. Following revolutions, all three nations attempted to redefine their pasts in material as well as literar

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Stolberg, Michael. "The Decline of Uroscopy in Early Modern Learned Medicine (1500-1650)." Early Science and Medicine 12, no. 3 (2007): 313–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338207x205142.

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AbstractFrom the early sixteenth century, uroscopy lost much of the great appeal it had possessed among medieval physicians. Once valued as an outstanding diagnostic tool which ensured authority and fame, it became an object of massive criticism if not derision. As this paper shows, growing awareness of theoretical inconsistencies, the new medical empiricism and humanistic opposition against Arabic and medieval predecessors can explain this drastic revaluation only in part. Uroscopy, it is argued here, came to be perceived above all as a threat to the physicians' professional authority. Faced

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20

Bauchwitz, Oscar Federico. "Heidegger e o Neoplatonismo." Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy 29, no. 58 (2021): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica2021295819.

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In Heidegger’s extensive work, the presence of mentions and analyzes dedicated to recognizably Neoplatonic authors is minimal. It is proposed, then, to investigate the reception of Neoplatonism by Heidegger from a metaphysical perspective, confronting a part of Neoplatonism - medieval Christian - to the criticism carried out by Heidegger about the history of metaphysics, characterized by the forgetfulness of being and by its onto-theological constitution, taking as a hypothesis that it is possible to discern a certain primacy of a negativity in Neoplatonic metaphysics that allows evading Heide

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21

Alfaisal, Haifa S. "The Politics of Literary Value in Early Modernist Arabic Comparative Literary Criticism." Journal of Arabic Literature 50, no. 3-4 (November 11, 2019): 251–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570064x-12341387.

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Abstract The modernist epistemic disconnect from the “medieval Islamic republic of letters,” Muhsin al-Musawi argues, is attributable both to the incursion of Enlightenment-infused European discourse and a failure to read the import of the republic’s significant cultural capital. This article explores the effects of Eurocentric incursions on transformations in literary value in two of the earliest known works of comparative Arabic literary criticism: Rūḥī al-Khālidī’s Tārīkh ʿilm al-adab ʿind al-ifranj wa-l-ʿarab wa-fiktūr hūkū (The History of the Science of Literature of the Franks, the Arab

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22

van Gelder, Geert Jan, and Mansour Ajami. "The Alchemy of Glory: The Dialectic of Truthfulness and Untruthfulness in Medieval Arabic Literary Criticism." Die Welt des Islams 31, no. 2 (1991): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1570584.

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23

Lefebvre-Teillard, Anne. "Portrait d’un « romaniste » hors du commun : Jean Acher (1880–1915)." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 81, no. 3-4 (April 9, 2013): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-08134p05.

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Portrait of a not so common ‘Romanist’: Jean Acher (1880–1915) – Jean Acher, known to only a few specialists in Medieval Roman law, was an unusual scholar of Roman law. He was born in Lodz (Poland) in 1880. He studied first at St Petersburg, then in Berlin, where he attended B. Kübler’s teaching, and continued his studies at Montpellier, where he was awarded a law degree. He obtained a licence in law in 1904. At the same time, Acher also studied Romanic languages and literature. Legal and Romanic studies were the subjects of the many articles and reviews he then started publishing in several d

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24

Emerson, Catherine. "Reading and Writing History in Sixteenth-Century France: The Case of La Legende des Flamens (1522)." Irish Journal of French Studies 16, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7173/164913316820201616.

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A rare copy of a first edition of La Légende des Flamens, now in Trinity College Dublin, reveals a number of facts about its position in that library, probably a mid-nineteenth-century acquisition but acquired in the context of existing similar holdings of medieval and early modern French historical writings. Unlike these writings, however, the text takes an explicitly anti-Flemish and pro-French royalist stance. Criticism levelled at the two most recently deceased popes — or at the English — may explain why the author has decided to remain anonymous, or the text may have been conceived as a c

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Arabatzis, Georges. "Hegel on Byzantium and the Question of Hegelian Neoplatonism." Peitho. Examina Antiqua, no. 1(5) (January 24, 2015): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pea.2014.1.17.

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The article examines how Hegel’s negative view of Byzantium is different from the Enlightenment’s critique and especially from Voltaire’s criticism of medieval history. In order to account for the Hegelian specificity of interpretation an effort is made to translate the chapter on Byzantium from the Philosophy of History in terms of the analysis of the Phenomenology of the Spirit and, more precisely, on the basis of the chapters on sensible certitude and on the domination and servitude. Considering that for Hegel every philosophical school possesses an autonomous value, one has to wonder why t

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Fort, Gavin. "Penitents and Their Proxies: Penance for Others in Early Medieval Europe." Church History 86, no. 1 (March 2017): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640717000038.

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This article investigates the religious practice of suffering for others in the early Middle Ages. In proxy penance, one person completed a penitential work for another, who received the spiritual benefit. This practice was based on the idea that one person could stand in for another to bear his burden. Using penitential, conciliar, liturgical, and epistolary sources, I uncover two types of proxy penance. First, priests shared in the penance of those who confessed to them. Liturgical texts include Masses in which the priest completes the penance for someone who could not complete it himself. P

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Pérez González, Silvia María, and Alberto Ruiz-Berdejo Beato. "Estrategias de supervivencia de las viudas del Reino de Sevilla a finales de la Edad Media y comienzos de la Modernidad (siglos XIV-XVI)." Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 11 (June 22, 2022): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2022.11.15.

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En el presente artículo pretendemos analizar las estrategias de supervivencia llevadas a cabo por las viudas del Reino de Sevilla en el período comprendido entre 1392 y 1550, fundamentalmente a través de los protocolos notariales disponibles para las ciudades de Sevilla y Jerez de la Frontera. Estudiaremos sus opciones vitales, su patrimonio y las diversas actividades financieras que llevaron a cabo para sacar adelante la economía familiar y preservar y aumentar los bienes heredados por sus hijos. Asimismo, reflexionaremos sobre los inconvenientes, pero también sobre las ventajas que la condic

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van Gelder, Geert Jan, and Mansour Ajami. "The Neckveins of Winter: The Controversy over Natural and Artificial Poetry in Medieval Arabic Literary Criticism." Die Welt des Islams 26, no. 1/4 (1986): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1570768.

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Soares, Clara Moura, and Maria João Neto. "The Medieval Town of Óbidos (Portugal): Restoration, Reutilisation and Tourism Challenges from 1934 to the Present Day." Heritage 4, no. 4 (September 30, 2021): 2876–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040161.

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Heritage conservation and cultural tourism are central features of academic debates, as this relationship has not been always peaceful. This paper seeks to evaluate the correlation between the extensive conservation and restoration of the wall and castle of the medieval town of Óbidos (1930–1950) and the tourism-oriented projects developed since this period. Due to the criticism of several previous studies, one of the primary aims of this research was to assess whether this Portuguese town constitutes a good example of medieval reconstitution, or if it is a fanciful twentieth-century intervent

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Rippin, A. "Hava Lazarus-Yafeh: Intertwined worlds: medieval Islam and Bible criticism. xiii, 178 pp. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1992. $29.95." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 56, no. 2 (June 1993): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00005632.

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31

Poza, José Alberto Miranda. "Influências orientais nas literaturas hispânicas medievais: Jarchas, Calila e Dimna, Libro de Apolonio, El Conde Lucanor." Revista Graphos 22, no. 3 (December 17, 2020): 140–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.1516-1536.2020v22n3.53094.

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This paper presents a review on some of the concepts traditionally developed by History and Literary Criticism regarding the very conception of the Middle Ages in the Iberian Peninsula, focusing on the political, social and cultural relations that took place between the cultures during this period, in particular, the troubled relations between Islam and Christianity. Based on the classic works of Américo Castro, regarding the history of Spain (2004) and with Maravall's (1954) proposals, it seeks to demonstrate the theory of a not only cultural, but, above all, social and political coexistence

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32

Bender, Lucas Rambo. "Against the Monist Model of Tang Poetics." T’oung Pao 107, no. 5-6 (December 9, 2021): 633–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10705004.

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Abstract In recent decades, a significant amount of Western scholarship on traditional Chinese poetry and poetics has either proposed or assumed a vision of the art underwritten by the supposed “monism,” “nonduality,” and “immanence” of traditional Chinese worldviews. This essay argues that although these were important ideas in certain periods and contexts, they cannot be taken as unproblematically defining the world of thought in which poetry operated during the Tang dynasty. Instead, Tang writers more routinely drew in their discussions of art upon the epistemological tensions and discontin

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Förster, Ulrike. "Untersuchungen zum Hansebild Fritz Rörigs." Hansische Geschichtsblätter 135 (June 30, 2020): 115–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/hgbll.2017.84.

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History was grist to the mill of Nazi propaganda, and the medieval Hanse was no exception. Fritz Rörig, a historian, was heavily involved in the instrumentalisation of Hanseatic history during the Third Reich. This paper analyses his writings before and during the Nazi period. What narrative patterns, phraseology and political content do they exhibit? The articles Rörig wrote in the first half of the 1940s display the typical stylistic devices and narrative patterns – indeed the buzz words – of Nazi propaganda, but impacts of racial ideology are not discernable. Indeed, some sections of these

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Muceniecks, André. "O Rei Burislaf: ligeira concessão ao cientificismo e considerações acerca do cômico, do factual e do fictício." Nuntius Antiquus 3 (June 30, 2009): 15–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1983-3636.3..15-49.

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In this article we analyze Scandinavian medieval documents, the Yngvar Saga víðförla (Saga of Yngvar, the far travelled) and the Eymundar þáttr Hringssonar (The tale of Eymundr Hringr). Both sources report events supposedly occurred in Kievian Russia. In the first one the main focus is the expedition that was made by the title’s hero, while in the second one the story is quite different, focused on the characters of Eymund and on the kings Burislaf, Jarisleif and Vartilaf. With the help of Mikhail Bakhtin’s ideas we propose the hypothesis that there is in Eymundar þáttr Hringssonar the possibi

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Cruz Sousa, André Luiz. "Thoughts on Leo Strauss's Interpretation of Aristotle's Natural Right Teaching." Review of Politics 78, no. 3 (2016): 419–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670516000334.

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AbstractThe essay discusses the interpretation of Aristotle's natural right teaching by Leo Strauss. This interpretation ought to be seen as the result of an investigation into the history of philosophy and of an attempt to philosophically address political problems. By virtue of this twofold origin, the Straussian commentary is unorthodox: it deviates from traditional Aristotelianism (Aquinas and Averroes) and it seems alien to the text of the Nicomachean Ethics. Strauss's criticism of medieval variants results from their incapacity—shared by contemporary political thought—to address a perple

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Savinov, Rodion V. "At the origins of the neo-scholastic interpretation of kantianism:from C. Baldinotti to J. Kleutgen." Philosophy Journal, no. 3 (2021): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2021-14-1-113-128.

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The article considers the first experience of interpretation and criticism of the Kantian doctrine of knowledge on the part of neo-scholastic thinkers in 1st half of the 19th century. It is shown that the transition from confessional polemics, which hadn’t philosophical interpretation, to the presentation and analysis of Kantian epistemology in Cesare Baldinotti’s treatise “Tentaminum metaphysicorum” (1817), when scholar takes an understanding of Kantianism as radical skepticism. At the same time, he left unanswered questions about what type of traditional concepts Kantianism refers, and ho

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Turner, Olivia Horsfall. "‘The Windows of this Church are of several Fashions’: Architectural Form and Historical Method in John Aubrey’s ‘Chronologia Architectonica’." Architectural History 54 (2011): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00004032.

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Thomas Rickman has been credited, perhaps for too long, as the first figure to ‘discriminate’ the styles of medieval architecture and create a chronological analysis of Gothic architectural forms. Not only were there several authors who published on the subject immediately before Rickman, but there was also, as early as the mid-seventeenth century, considerable interest in the discernment and classification of periods in medieval architecture. One of the chief figures in this was John Aubrey, who pioneered a method for deducing the date of a medieval building by analysing the shapes of its win

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Peters, F. E. "Hava Lazarus-Yafeh, Intertwined Worlds, Medieval Islam and Biblical Criticism (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1992). Pp. 192." International Journal of Middle East Studies 26, no. 1 (February 1994): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800060025.

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39

Grellard, Christophe. "Scepticism, Demonstration and the Infinite Regress Argument (Nicholas of Autrecourt and John Buridan)." Vivarium 45, no. 2 (2007): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853407x217803.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the medieval posterity of the Aristotelian and Pyrrhonian treatments of the infinite regress argument. We show that there are some possible Pyrrhonian elements in Autrecourt's epistemology when he argues that the truth of our principles is merely hypothetical. By contrast, Buridan's criticisms of Autrecourt rely heavily on Aristotelian material. Both exemplify a use of scepticism.

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40

Winstead, Karen A. "Critical Fiction: Reading Seinte Margarete through Robyn Cadwallader’s The Anchoress." Hiperboreea 47, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.47.2.189.

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Abstract This article examines Robyn Cadwallader’s 2015 novel The Anchoress as an interpretation of the early thirteenth-century saint’s life Seinte Margarete. The Anchoress is at once a scrupulously researched historical novel and what the author calls a “critical fiction,” that is, a work of fiction that undertakes the same analytical project as conventional literary criticism: it self-consciously interprets a narrative through its own narrative and investigates many of the same issues that are explored in more familiar forms of literary scholarship and cultural history. The author analyzes

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41

Niezen, R. W. "Hot Literacy in Cold Societies: A Comparative Study of the Sacred Value of Writing." Comparative Studies in Society and History 33, no. 2 (April 1991): 225–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500017023.

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The argument that the presence or absence of widespread literacy constitutes the central criterion to distinguish “savage” from “domesticated” society, presented by Goody in a number of works (1968, 1977, 1986, 1987), makes close associations between alphabetic literacy and the growth of knowledge and between restricted literacy and traditional societies. In this essay, I will challenge these associations by presenting material from medieval Europe, in which the milieu of restricted literacy is creative, and from Muslim Africa, in which widespread literacy does not lead to criticism or the rev

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Pisano, Raffaele. "RUNNING DETAILS ON THE TWO MOVEMENTS IN THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND IDEAS." Journal of Baltic Science Education 15, no. 6 (December 15, 2016): 660–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/16.15.660.

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A long tradition concerning the causes of the planetary movements existed as to the movements on the earth: the so called problem de motu locali. Starting from late middle Ages many criticisms were carried out against the Aristotelian doctrine of natural and violent motions. A well accredited and historically coherent theory to explain the movement and the change of movement was the medieval theory of impetus substantially developed by Jean Buridan (ca. 1300–ca. 1360) and by Nicolas d’Oresme (1320? 1325?–1382) on the basis of ideas that came back to John Philoponus (490–570).

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Dvornichenko, Andrey Yu. "“History Misappropriation or Compreension?” (Russian Lihuanian Studies in the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century)." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 58 (August 1, 2020): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2020-0-2-219-236.

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The abundant Russian historiography of the medieval history of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian-Russian State) has become in the last decades the centre of the discussions and is often subject to groundless criticism. This historiography was not very lucky in the Soviet period of the 20th century either, as it was severely criticized from the Marxist-Leninist position. When discussing Russian historiography the author of this article is consciously committed to the Russian positions. There are no reasons to consider this historiography branch either Byelorussian or Ukrainian one, as that w

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Glazer-Eytan, Yonatan. "Conversos, Moriscos, and the Eucharist in Early Modern Spain: Some Reflections on Jewish Exceptionalism." Jewish History 35, no. 3-4 (December 2021): 265–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10835-021-09424-0.

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AbstractSacrilegious attitudes toward the Eucharistic host are one of the most commonplace accusations leveled against Jews in premodern Europe. Usually treated in Jewish historiography as an expression of anti-Judaism or antisemitism, they are considered a hallmark of Jewish powerlessness and persecution. In medieval and early modern Spain, however, Jews and conversos (Jewish converts to Christianity and their descendants) were not the only proclaimed enemies of the Eucharist. Reports about avoidance, rejection, criticism, and even ridicule and profanation of the consecrated host were similar

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Szakács, Béla Zsolt. "Ernő Foerk and the Medieval Cathedrals of Kalocsa." YBL Journal of Built Environment 7, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jbe-2019-0015.

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Abstract The restoration of the Baroque cathedral of Kalocsa was led by Ernő Foerk between 1907 and 1912. During these years the facades of the church were renewed, a Neo-Baroque ambulatory was added, and excavations were carried out within the sanctuary and in front of the south facade. Based on these excavations, Ernő Foerk published theoretical reconstructions of the first and second medieval cathedrals and criticised the results of the previous research, conducted by Imre Henszlmann. Foerk, being also a scholar of the history of architecture, based his results on analogies. This paper inte

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Bos, Egbert. "Richard Billingham's Speculum puerorum, Some Medieval Commentaries and Aristotle." Vivarium 45, no. 2 (2007): 360–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853407x217821.

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AbstractIn the history of medieval semantics, supposition theory is important especially in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. In this theory the emphasis is on the term, whose properties one tries to determine. In the fourteenth century the focus is on the proposition, of which a term having supposition is a part. The idea is to analyse propositions in order to determine their truth (probare). The Speculum puerorum written by Richard Billingham was the standard textbook for this approach. It was very influential in Europe. The theory of the probatio propositionis was meant to solve problem

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Quayson, Ato. "Periods versus Concepts: Space Making and the Question of Postcolonial Literary History." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 127, no. 2 (March 2012): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2012.127.2.342.

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After being exiled from nazi germany and completing the extraordinary mimesis in istanbul in 1946, erich auerbach wrote from Princeton University in 1952, “Literary criticism now participates in a practical seminar on world history. … Our philological home is the earth: it can no longer be the nation.” Auerbach, who must be reckoned one of the great synthesists and literary historians of the twentieth century, was expressing a sentiment that will be familiar to anyone who has thought about world literature from a postcolonial perspective. While postcolonial literary studies may have helped def

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Brantley, Jessica. "The iconography of the Utrecht Psalter and the Old English Descent into Hell." Anglo-Saxon England 28 (December 1999): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100002258.

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The Old English Descent into Hell fits uneasily into the poetic corpus remaining to us from Anglo-Saxon England. The poem is an oddity both thematically and genetically, and (insofar as it has attracted any attention at all) the history of its criticism has been an unrewarding search for sources. The Descent presents a sourcing problem at its most basic, for its parts are so disparate that it is difficult even to construct a horizon of expectations from which to read the work. I hope to suggest here a new analogue, as well as a new way of thinking about sources and analogues in Old English lit

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Cooper, Glen M. "Approaches to the Critical Days in Late Medieval and Renaissance Thinkers." Early Science and Medicine 18, no. 6 (2013): 536–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-0186p0003.

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Galen’s astrological doctrine of the critical days, as found in his De diebus decretoriis (Critical Days), Book III, was at the center of a long discussion in the Latin West about the relationship between astrology and medicine. The main problem was that Galen’s views could not be made to square with the prevailing cosmology, which derived both from Aristotle and Abū Maʿshar. The views of selected Latin thinkers concerning the critical days, from Pietro d’Abano, down through Girolamo Cardano, are considered in the context of a fourfold scheme that aims to classify the main approaches to the cr

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Khramov, Alexander. "Did God create fossils? Notes on the history of an idea." St. Tikhons' University Review 104 (December 29, 2022): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturi2022104.29-45.

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The subject of the paper is prochronism, e.g. the teaching which says that the world was created with the appearance of old age. It is shown that the sources of prochronism could be traced to the medieval doctrine of double truth and philosophy of Descartes, who suggested that cosmological theories on the origin of the Universe are purely conditional, while in fact the world was instantly created complete and mature. The idea of apparent, but non-existent past gained much credence during the first half of the 19th century, when paleontological and geological discoveries raised a question on ho

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