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Journal articles on the topic 'Medieval latin documents of Southern Italy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Korkiakangas, Timo. "Spoken Latin behind written texts." Diachronic Treebanks 35, no. 3 (2018): 429–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.00009.kor.

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Abstract This study uses treebanking to investigate how spoken language infiltrated legal Latin in early medieval Italy. The documents used are always formulaic, but they also always contain a ‘free’ part where the case in question is described in free prose. This paper uses this difference to measure how ten linguistic features, representative of the evolution that took place between Classical and Late Latin, are distributed between the formulaic and free parts. Some variants are attested equally often in both parts of the documents, while perceptually or conceptually salient variants appear
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2

Caskey, Jill. "Steam and "Sanitas" in the Domestic Realm: Baths and Bathing in Southern Italy in the Middle Ages." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 58, no. 2 (1999): 170–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991483.

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This study presents five little-known bathing chambers from the region of Amalfi in southern Italy. Dating from the thirteenth century, the baths define with remarkable consistency a type of structure that has not previously been identified or considered in histories of medieval architecture in the West. The study begins with an analysis of the five bathing chambers and their specific architectural features, technological remains, and domestic contexts. The diverse antecedents of the buildings, which appear in ancient Roman, medieval Italian, Byzantine, and Islamic architecture, are explored,
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3

Minervini, Laura. "I longobardi alla VI Crociata." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 1 (2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0001.

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Abstract The Old French word longuebart, with the meaning ‘inhabitant of Southern Italy’, is used in chronicles that deal with the war between the emperor Frederick II and the lords of Ibelin written in the Latin East. This article traces the history that lies behind this unexpected use of the term examining medieval French, Latin and Italian texts of various kinds.
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4

Vicari, Stefano, and Francesco Perono Cacciafoco. "A Puzzling Religious Inscription from Medieval Tuscany: Symbology and Interpretation." Histories 3, no. 3 (2023): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/histories3030015.

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At the entrance of some churches in Tuscany (Italy), the reproduction of an apparently undecipherable inscription can be found. Beginning in the 18th century, this epigraphic puzzle has originated a debate on its interpretation. This study proposes a hypothesis based on the Latin alphabet used in texts contemporary to the churches where the inscription is reproduced and a possible interpretation of the message consistent with the official religious doctrine. The proposed deciphering is extended to the full text, including some signs that were previously considered geometric forms or a specific
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5

Cosma, Ela. "The Bishops’ House in the Romanian Pastoral Village of Rășinari (Mărginimea Sibiului) and its Hidden Treasures: A Short Legal History of the Book of Village Boundaries and the Deed of Donation (1488, 1383) and Transmissionales in causa Possessionis Resinar contra Liberam Regiamque Civitatem Cibiniensem (1784)." Eikon / Imago 12 (January 28, 2023): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/eiko.81756.

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The study aims to present legal aspects of the medieval and premodern history of Rășinari, the greatest pastoral village in Mărginimea Sibiului (lying at the foot of the Southern Carpathians), whose inhabitants (mărgineni) were considered the richest Romanian transhumant shepherds. Based on methods pertaining to Cyrillic and Latin palaeography, ecdotics, and legal history, we analyse precious documents discovered in the Church Museum of Rășinari, contained in the 18th century Orthodox Bishops’ House: 1. the extract of a deed of donation made in 1383 by Voivode Radu Negru to the Saint Paraschiv
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6

Gómez Rabal, Ana, and Alberto Montaner. "Sobre el adjetivo mediolatino armelinus y su parentela románica: una posible etimología árabe." Romanistisches Jahrbuch 70, no. 1 (2019): 318–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/roja-2019-0017.

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Abstract In Medieval Latin, the adjective armelinus, -na and the noun armelinus are attested in notarial documents and other texts from different regions of Western Europe, in a wide chronology. At first glance, both the name and the adjective are related to the classical Latin demonym Armenius, but this etymon does not explain several aspects of its form and function. The present paper reviews all the etymological hypotheses suggested so far and arrives at the proposal that armelinus could be the result of the adaptation of the Andalusian Arabic armaní ~ arminí ‘Armenian (tissue)’, after conv
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7

Carrion, Daniela, Federica Migliaccio, Guido Minini, and Cynthia Zambrano. "From historical documents to GIS: A spatial database for medieval fiscal data in Southern Italy." Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 49, no. 1 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2015.1023877.

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8

Byrne, Philippa. "Camping with Tarantulas: Nature as Protagonist in Eleventh-Century Sicily and Southern Italy." Mediterranean Studies 29, no. 2 (2021): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/mediterraneanstu.29.2.0155.

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Abstract This article examines how landscape and environmental factors shaped the eleventh-century Norman conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. The conquest was documented in several narrative histories, including those of Amatus of Montecassino, William of Apulia, and Geoffrey Malaterra. These texts have been extensively analyzed for their rhetorical qualities as literary texts, but such an approach has tended to cast the landscape in a passive role, as an object awaiting rhetorical shaping. In light of recent developments in ecocritical studies, these texts ought to be revisited. The dynami
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9

Metcalfe, Alex. "ORIENTATION IN THREE SPHERES: MEDIEVAL MEDITERRANEAN BOUNDARY CLAUSES IN LATIN, GREEK AND ARABIC." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 22 (December 2012): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440112000059.

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ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the development of land registry traditions in the medieval Mediterranean by examining a distinctive aspect of Latin, Greek and Arabic formularies used in boundary clauses. The paper makes particular reference to Islamic and Norman Sicily. The argument begins by recalling that the archetypal way of defining limits according to Classical Roman land surveyors was to begin ab oriente. Many practices from Antiquity were discontinued in the Latin West, but the idea of starting with or from the East endured in many cases where boundaries were assigned cardinal directi
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10

Voskoboynikov, Oleg. "Nicolaus De Sanctis, Clement IV and the Roman Curia in Search of Identity." Средние века 85, no. 2 (2024): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s0131878024020041.

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This article deals with a less known Latin treatise, called Moral Rhetoric on the Functions of the Members of the Human Body. It is by the Capuan rhetorician Nicolaus de Sanctis, chaplain to several popes, and is dedicated to pope Clement IV (1265–1268). This unusual work has shown that it is perhaps a kind of mirror of Christian society as the Roman Curia wanted it to be, through the difficult times during the wars over the Sicilian succession, in which the Papacy was deeply involved. It is also an important link in the history of medieval organological literature an
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11

Cornelius, Ian, and Kathy Young. "Medieval Manuscripts at Loyola University Chicago." Manuscript Studies: A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies 8, no. 2 (2023): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mns.2023.a916138.

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Abstract: This article provides a summary overview of the collection of pre-1600 western European manuscripts in Loyola University Chicago Archives & Special Collections. The collection presently comprises four manuscript codices, at least thirty-eight fragments, and four documents. The codices are a thirteenth-century book of hours from German-speaking lands; a fifteenth-century Dutch prayer book; a preacher's compilation written probably in southern Germany in the 1440s; and two fifteenth-century Italian humanist booklets, bound together since the nineteenth century, transmitting Donatus
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12

Shahidipak, Mohammadreza. "Mediterranean Period of Islamic Medicine in Medieval." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 3, no. 3 (2022): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1438.

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Mediterranean is the birthplace of civilizational changes in world. There is special school of medicine in east of Islamic world which was formed by transferring Iranian medical heritage from ancient university of Jondishapur and medical sciences of India, Alexandria, Greece and Egypt. Therefore, Baghdad has arisen as a combined medical school. There is same school of medicine was established in west of Islamic world by evolutionary processes of Islamic medicine during its Mediterranean life and produced independent medical schools. Medical experience schools of ancient Cairo, Tunisia, Cordoba
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Shahidipak, M. "Mediterranean Period of Islamic Medicine in Medieval." J Biomed Res Environ Sci 3, no. 3 (2022): 307–10. https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1438.

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Mediterranean is the birthplace of civilizational changes in world. There is special school of medicine in east of Islamic world which was formed by transferring Iranian medical heritage from ancient university of Jondishapur and medical sciences of India, Alexandria, Greece and Egypt. Therefore, Baghdad has arisen as a combined medical school. There is same school of medicine was established in west of Islamic world by evolutionary processes of Islamic medicine during its Mediterranean life and produced independent medical schools. Medical experience schools of ancient Cairo, Tunisia, Cordoba
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14

Katz, Rachel B. "Shema as Memory Palace: A Medieval Hebrew Ars Memorativa." Jewish Quarterly Review 114, no. 3 (2024): 351–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2024.a936353.

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Abstract: Leon Modena’s Lev ha-Aryeh (seventeenth-century Italy) has long been recognized as the first Hebrew treatise on mnemonics. This article points to an earlier source: gate 90 of Isaac Arama’s ‘Akedat Yits@hak . Arama not only describes the locative memory palace developed by Roman orators and popular throughout Latin Christendom. He contends that the original memory palace was given by God to the Israelites and consists in none other than the central prayers of Jewish liturgy, the Shema and ve-ahavta . On Arama’s reading, the Shema and ve-ahavta are designed as a sort of verbal memory
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15

Sylvand, Thomas. "The Soldier, The Chapel, The Wedding and the Composer: Assessing the Works of Dufay and Saint Maurice of Savoy in the 15th Century." African Musicology Online 11, no. 1 (2022): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.58721/amo.v11i1.91.

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This article explores two often poorly connected fields in a quite touchy symbolic conception. On one side is the complex ramification of the County of Savoy and its family therein at a period when Savoy become a Duchy under the protection of the German Holy Empire with the patronage of Saint Maurice, while on the other side is the complex and prolific secular compositions of Guillaume Dufay and its subtle style of performance. In many cases, little is known by Historians about medieval music. Therefore, Musicologists interested in metrics and comparison between manuscripts could easily oblite
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16

Lazrus, Paula Kay. "Land Use and Social Dynamics in Early 19th Century Bova, Calabria." Land 11, no. 10 (2022): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101832.

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While interest in land use in the prehistoric periods in Italy has received attention, that cannot be said of the Post-Medieval period. The general view is that all activities and objects from the last 300–500 years or so are so indecipherable from their contemporary counterparts and that there is no need to study them. There is, in fact, very little Post-Medieval archaeological work done in the south of Italy, which is the focus of this paper. The landscape of southern Calabria has changed radically over the centuries. The distribution of dense macchia forests was diminished in the late 18th
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17

Classen, Albrecht. "Sara Harris, The Linguistic Past in Twelfth-Century Britain. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017, ix, 279 pp." Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (2018): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_412.

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Contrary to many expectations, medieval intellectuals were rather deeply concerned with linguistics, etymology, and the history of languages, especially as they pertained to regional, territorial, and ‘national’ identity. England proves to be a particularly fertile ground in that regard because of the various languages spoken there from early on, with the Anglo-Saxons having marginalized the ancient Celtic population in the fourth and fifth centuries, with the Normans imposing their form of French on the land after the conquest in 1066, with Vikings and Flemish arrivals throughout the centurie
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18

Shegoleva, Lyudmila. "Marginal Notes in Latin and Old Occitan in the Bible from the Collection of N.P. Rumyantsev (Russian State Library. F. 256. № 816)." Средние века 86, no. 1 (2025): 156. https://doi.org/10.7868/s0131878025010088.

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The paper deals with three unknown reader’s marginal notes from the 14th century, recently discovered by E.V Kazbekova in the Latin Bible from the collection of Count N.P. Rumyantsev (Moscow. Russian State Library. F. 256. № 816). Information on the cataloging of the manuscript in the 19th and 20th centuries is provided. The language, content and genre of the marginal notes as well as there connection with the main text are analysed, parallels in the literature monuments of the 12th-13th centuries and in the theologian works of the 16th century are revealed. All three marginal notes are prover
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19

Harvey, Maria. "Rome Fellowships: Latin signori in a diverse land: del Balzo Orsini art and architecture in late medieval southern Italy (c. 1350–1450)." Papers of the British School at Rome 89 (October 2021): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246221000143.

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20

Lukin, Pavel V. "“Novgorod the Great”." Slovene 7, no. 2 (2018): 383–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2018.7.2.15.

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The aim of the paper is to examine the concept that was crucial for the Novgorod’s political identity in the time of independence — ‘Novgorod the Great’ (Veliky Novgorod). The author takes into account not only mentions of this phrase in Novgorodian medieval documents and narratives, but also considerable and highly important evidence originating from other Russian lands and abroad (Hanseatic and Lithuanian documents written in Middle Low German and Latin). A review of the relevant publications shows that, at present, the issue still remains a controversial one. The author comes to the followi
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21

Ağır, Aygül. "From Constantinople to Istanbul: The Residences of the Venetian Bailo (Thirteenth to Sixteenth Centuries)." European Journal of Archaeology 18, no. 1 (2015): 128–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957114y.0000000082.

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Medieval Italian city-states with access to the sea, most notably the Venetian and Genoese, were in need of safe ‘stopovers’ that would allow their inhabitants to travel to distant places across the territories in which they conducted commerce. As the most important ‘stopover’ and centre of consumption, Constantinople became a point of attraction for Italian merchant colonies, particularly after the eleventh century. Among these, the most powerful one with the largest settlement was the Venetian colony. Following a decree dated 1082 (Chrysoboullos) that granted them certain privileges, the Ven
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22

LEE, Jinhyon. "Islamic Astronomers to whom Copernicus was indebted Refinements and limitations of the Ptolemaic system." Korean Society for European Integration 15, no. 3 (2024): 49–74. https://doi.org/10.32625/kjei.2024.34.49.

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Medieval Islamic scholars, while adhering to the geocentric Ptolemaic model, developed sophisticated planetary motion geometries that eventually contributed to the astronomical innovations of early modern Europe. However, like the theological cosmology of Christian Europe, Islamic astronomy was also deeply intertwined with a religious epistemology that regarded perfect circular orbits as evidence of a divine celestial order. The intellectual heritage of ancient Greece, transmitted through Byzantium, was translated into Syriac and Persian and, following the rise of Islam, further into Arabic. D
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23

Ozola, Silvija. "The Development of the Catholic Cathedral Building-type at Bishoprics’ Towns on the Baltic Sea Southern Coast during the 13th – 14th Centuries." Landscape architecture and art 14 (July 16, 2019): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.03.

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The oldest Catholic cathedral is the five-nave Archbasilica of St. John in Lateran erected in Rome, but the Lateran Palace (Latin: Palatium Apostolicum Lateranense) was given as a present to Bishop (Latin: episcopus) of Rome for his residence (from 4th until 14th cent.). The perimeter building set up the structural complex of L-shaped layout where the Lateran Castle and the Archbasilica were included. In Western Europe largest cities were also archbishoprics’ centres, in which neighbourhood Catholic church-states, or bishoprics were founded. Local conditions and relationships between the ruler
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24

Palavestra, Aleksandar. "The Invention of Tradition: Illyrian Heraldry." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 5, no. 3 (2010): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v5i3.9.

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The "Illyrian heraldry", as a phenomenon of the invented tradition, encompasses the rolls of arms - armorials, which appear in Dalmatia, Italy, Spain and Austria at the end of the XVI and beginning of the XVII century. These armorials contained Serbian and other southern Slav monarchic, territorial and family coats of arms. The authenticity, heraldic sources and origins of these armorials are extremely complex problems that can be traced back to the medieval heraldic heritage of the Serbs, on the one hand, and reveal the intricate web of political circumstances in the XVI and XVII centuries. I
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Woziński, Andrzej. "Co wspólnego ma Wniebowzięcie Marii z Ostatnią Wieczerzą, czyli o genezie formy i ikonografii późnośredniowiecznego obrazu ze zbiorów Muzeum Narodowego w Poznaniu,(...)." Porta Aurea, no. 19 (December 22, 2020): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/porta.2020.19.02.

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The late medieval panel painting of the Assumption of Virgin Mary from the Collection of the National Museum in Poznań was most likely created in Greater Poland (Wielkopolska), probably in Poznań, in the early 16th century. Scholars have pointed out the connection of its iconography with several other art pieces from the area of Greater Poland. In the light of these findings, our painting seemed to be traditional in the terms of form, as well as of content. This paper shows that some formal solutions and motifs used in the painting from Poznań differ from a typical iconographic practice, and i
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26

Ousterhout, Robert, and Dmitry Shvidkovsky. "Kievan Rus’." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 17, no. 1 (2021): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2021-17-1-51-67.

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Robert Ousterhout, the author of a magnificent book “Eastern Medieval Architecture. The Building Traditions of Bizantium and Neighboring Lands”, published by Oxford University Press in 2019, the remarkable scholar and generous friend, was so kind to mention in his C. V. on the sight of Penn University (Philadelphia, USA) that he had been the Visiting professor of the Moscow architectural Institute (State Academy), as well as simulteniously of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, but he did not say that he had been awarded the degree of professor honoris causa by the academic council of MARHI. U
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27

Fisković, Igor. "Još o romaničkoj skulpturi s dubrovačke katedrale." Ars Adriatica, no. 5 (January 1, 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.516.

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Medieval Dubrovnik was rich in Romanesque figural and decorative sculpture but only a small group of fragmentary carvings has been preserved to date due to the fact that the town suffered a devastating earthquake in 1667. The earthquake completely destroyed the monumental Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin which had been considered “la piu bella in Illyrico” on the basis of its sculptural abundance. Archaeological excavations undertaken beneath the present-day Baroque Cathedral, consecrated in 1713, unearthed several thousand fragments of high-quality sculptures. Their analysis has conf
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28

Giostra, Alessandro. "Stanley Jaki: Science and Faith in a Realist Perspective." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 74, no. 1 (2022): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf3-22giostra.

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STANLEY JAKI: Science and Faith in a Realist Perspective by Alessandro Giostra. Rome, Italy: IF Press, 2019. 144 pages. Paperback; $24.24. ISBN: 9788867881857. *The subject of this short introduction--Father Stanley L. Jaki (1924–2009), a giant in the world of science and religion--is more important than this book's contents, a collection of conference papers and articles published between 2015 and 2019. *Readers of this journal should recognize Jaki, a Benedictine priest with doctorates in theology and physics, 1975–1976 Gifford lecturer, 1987 Templeton Prize winner, and professor at Seto
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29

Demori Staničić, Zoraida. "Ikona Bogorodice s Djetetom iz crkve Sv. Nikole na Prijekom u Dubrovniku." Ars Adriatica, no. 3 (January 1, 2013): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.461.

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Recent conservation and restoration work on the icon of the Virgin and Child which stood on the altar in the Church of St. Nicholas at Prijeko in Dubrovnik has enabled a new interpretation of this paining. The icon, painted on a panel made of poplar wood, features a centrally-placed Virgin holding the Child in her arms painted on a gold background between the two smaller figures of St. Peter and St. John the Baptist. The figures are painted in the manner of the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Dubrovnik style, and represent a later intervention which significantly changed the original appearan
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30

Maggiore, Marco. "Sui testi romanzi medievali in grafia greca come fonte di informazione linguistica." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 133, no. 2 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2017-0017.

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AbstractMedieval Romance texts in the Greek alphabet are generally considered a very reliable source of information about spoken vernacular varieties, mainly due to the intrinsic independence of their writers from the Latin graphic tradition. Nevertheless, as first observed by Alberto Varvaro and Anna Maria Compagna in 1983, these valuable documents, like any other kind of written evidence, are not immune from some degree of conventionality. This paper will focus on the problems raised by the codification of Romance languages in the Greek alphabet, which requires the study of multilingualism,
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31

Oldfield, Paul. "THE TROIA CHRONICLE AND HISTORIOGRAPHICAL PRODUCTION IN MEDIEVAL PUGLIA." Papers of the British School at Rome, November 5, 2021, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246221000234.

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Historiographical production within twelfth-century Puglia seems to have been markedly limited, and this frustrates attempts to access internal perspectives on a region which played a pivotal socio-political and economic role within southern Italy as it fell under Norman rule, and was subsequently absorbed into the new Kingdom of Sicily in 1130. It might, however, be possible to bolster the region's twelfth-century historiographical outputs if we were to include a largely overlooked and problematic source, the so-called Fragmentary Troia Chronicle. It is a short, hybridized and fragmented Lati
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32

Agostini, Nicolantonio, Gianpasquale Chiatante, and Alberto Canobbio. "[On the origin of the name Girifalco, an Italian town in a hotspot of the autumn migration of soaring raptors]." Natural History Sciences, June 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2024.761.

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In this article, a hypothesis is suggested on the origin of the name Girifalco, a small town in the Calabrian Apennines (southern continental Italy), located along an important flyway of raptors migrating through the Central Mediterranean. In particular, the name could derive from the late ancient/medieval Latin terms gyro and falco, the circling hawk, which perfectly describes the flight of migrating birds of prey passing in late summer over the town, during the exploitation of thermal currents. There, large groups of migrating birds of prey can be observed circling right above "Pietra dei Mo
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33

Cardullo, Sara N., and Kim A. Groothuis. "Revisiting Syntactic Microvariation and Diachrony in the Dual Complementizer Systems of Upper Southern Italy1." Transactions of the Philological Society, April 17, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12292.

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AbstractThe primary aim of this work is to propose a diachrony of complementizer systems in the upper southern Italian dialects (USIDs). While previous diachronic studies have focused mainly on the transition from Latin to Romance, we aim to address several unanswered questions about the transition from medieval southern Italo‐Romance—in particular the system documented by Ledgeway (2005)—to the attested modern USID ones that are claimed to derive from it. Using the cartographic framework, and in particular the split‐CP (Rizzi 1997), our revisitation of the literature leads us to identify at l
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Cei, Luca. "Geo-referenced database for the architectural heritage: a tool for the study and enhancement of the medieval churches in the municipalities of southern Albania." Scientific Journal of the Observatory of Mediterranean Basin, Issue 9 (September 5, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/o41009109.

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The municipality of Finiq, as well as the adjacent ones - Delvinë, Sarandë, Koni- spol, and Dropull - is populated by a large group of sacred buildings dating back to the early Middle Ages. We define the architectonic style of these churches as Byzantine, although actu- ally the component closely related to the architecture of Byzantium is flanked by construc- tional, spatial, and decorative types peculiar to the Epirus territory. The specificities of this built heritage are mainly due to the geographical location of Epirus as a frontier site between the Latin, Serbian, and Greek areas of infl
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35

Marina, Toumpouri. "Basilica of San Vitale." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574475.

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The Church of San Vitale, located in northwestern Ravenna, is the nearest known relative of the church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus built by Justinian in Constantinople around the same time, although the latter had not served as a direct model. The basilica was initially the martyrium of Saint Vitalis, the patron of Ravenna. Before the mid-tenth century, but unknown exactly when, the church was acquired by a Benedictine monastery, to which it belonged until 1860, when it was dissolved. The basilica of San Vitale was erected during the reign of Justinian (527-565). Julianus Argentarius, a Gree
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