Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medieval novel'

Repenting Roguery: Penance in the Spanish Picaresque Novel and the Arabic and Hebrew Maqāma, investigates the significance of conversion narratives and penitential elements in the Spanish picaresque novels Vida de Guzmán de Alfarache (1599 and 1604) by Mateo Alemán and El guitón Onofre (circa 1606) by Gregorio González as well as Juan Ruiz’s Libro de buen amor (1330 and 1343) and El lazarillo de Tormes (1554), the Arabic maqāmāt of al-Ḥarīrī of Basra (circa 1100), and Ibn al-Ashtarkūwī al-Saraqusṭī (1126-1138), and the Hebrew maqāmāt of Yehudah al-Ḥarizi (circa 1220) and Isaac Ibn Sahula (1281-1284). In exploring the ways in which Christian, Muslim, and Jewish authors from medieval and early modern Iberia represent the repentance of a rogue, my study not only sheds light on the important commonalities that these religious and literary traditions share, but also illuminates the particular questions that these picaresque and proto-picaresque texts raise within their respective religious, political and cultural milieux. The ambiguity that characterizes the conversion narrative of a seemingly irredeemable rogue, I argue, provides these medieval and early modern writers with an ideal framework to address pressing problems such as controversies regarding free will and predestination, the legitimacy of claims to religious and political authority, and the understanding of social and religious marginality.
Comparative Literature

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A comprehensive study has been undertaken into a 13th century Coptic-Byzantine icon from the St. Mercurius Church, St. Mercurius monastery, Old Cairo, Egypt. The layered structure, pigment composition and varnish identification were revealed by means of optical and Raman microscopy and gas chromatography¿mass spectrometry (GC¿MS). The structure of the icon comprised six layers; wooden panel, canvas, white ground, two bole layers and a single paint layer. Azurite (2CuCO3·Cu(OH)2), cinnabar (mercuric (II) sulfide ¿-HgS), yellow ochre (Fe2O3·H2O), hydromagnesite Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O and lamp black (carbon, C) are the pigments identified in the icon. The green paint area is of interest as it is applied neither with a green pigment nor with a mixture of a blue and yellow pigment. Instead, a yellow layer of dammar resin was applied on top of blue azurite to obtain the green colour. Pinaceae sp. resin mixed with drying oil was used as a protective varnish.

A widely used narrative form in medieval literature is the framed story-collection, where an external narrative frames a collection of interpolated tales. This practice-based PhD in Creative Writing addresses the absence of the medieval framed story-collection structure in modern literature through creative practice and critical enquiry. The project is comprised of two parts: the creative artefact, for which I have written a novel of roughly 100,000 words, and the accompanying critical exegesis of 30,000 words. By considering Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales as a stylistic and structural model, I argue for the medieval framed story-collection structure's continued relevance in contemporary fiction by demonstrating its potential for reinvention in the form of a modern novel. This thesis presents a methodological framework that can be practically applied to creative writing, consisting of six essential components to consider when modernising the medieval form: the frame, the tellers, the tales, dramatic interplay, stylistic variety, and themes. In my creative component, The Mindsweeper Tales, I demonstrate the application of these components by reinventing Chaucer's pilgrimage in the form of a murder trial at the Old Bailey during the year 2030, in which the jurors become the narrators of the interpolated story collection. Further to this, I modernise Chaucer's stylistic variety by engaging alternative narrative forms beyond traditional prose, such as Surrealist text collage and poetic interludes. Finally, I address the importance of socio-political themes in both Chaucer's work and my own, demonstrating how the stylistic variety can be manipulated to represent the concerns of modern culture. This critical exegesis examines these Chaucerian elements alongside my creative piece to demonstrate how they have been reconceptualised in the form of a modern novel.

El propósito de esta disertación doctoral es lo de investigar y comprender de mejor manera las influencias múltiples que, juntas al desarrollo y a la divulgación de la traducción literaria (puestas de relieve por Stuart Gillespie y David Hopkins), tuvieron un papel importante en el ascenso de las primeras novelas góticas al final del siglo dieciocho. Considerando que este trabajo está profundamente influenciado e inspirado por la crítica literaria reconocida a nivel internacional sobre la literatura gótica, esta investigación evita asumir perspectivas criticas típicas del siglo veinte y del periodo actual. Procediendo atrás en el tiempo, examina los autores, su ambiente cultural, sus conocimientos y sus puntos de vista que pertenecen al siglo dieciocho. El enfoque se concentra sobre las primeras manifestaciones del género gótico en las décadas inmediatamente sucesivas a la novedad introducida por Horace Walpole con su novela fantástica El Castillo de Otranto en 1764. El periodo fin de siècle limitado (1786-1796) de los primeros trabajos góticos que se explora en esta tesis es inversamente proporcional al ancho nivel de creatividad e invención de sus autores. Esta disertación tiene como objetivo lo de demonstrar que la omnipresencia y la reiteración de temas y argumentos clásicos, medievales y renacentistas fueron elegidos y adaptados a sus historias conscientemente por William Beckford (Vathek, 1786), Ann Radcliffe (El Romance de la Selva, 1791), y Matthew G. Lewis (El Monje, 1796), cuyas novelas representan un sincretismo único y original de ideas e influencias literarias, culturales e iconográficas que los tres autores absorbieron de sus contemporáneos así como de los escritores y poetas del pasado. Las tres novelas analizadas en esta tesis fueron escritas antes, durante y después de la revolución francesa que ha sido frecuentemente considerada como un punto de referencia y el origen de la literatura gótica. Una de las ideas detrás de esta disertación es la intención de demonstrar que las conexiones con la revolución en Francia son una convención crítica a quo, que generalmente no toma en consideración peculiaridades del gótico literario que existían antes de los acontecimientos revolucionarios. Otros aspectos importantes incluidos en esta investigación son la función de las arquitecturas, los paisajes y las iconografías de las novelas. La disertación está dividida en cinco partes. La primera introduce los argumentos and la razón de ser a la base de esta investigación junto a la motivación de organizar un estudio sobre el gótico que recibe mucha atención crítica. El cuerpo central es formado por tres capítulos. Cada uno contiene un análisis de una novela diferente y pone en evidencia su relación con autores como Lucrecio, Virgilio, Ovidio, Dante, Boccaccio, Shakespeare, y otros. El quinto capítulo incluye la conclusión y las hipótesis de investigaciones futuras que pueden desarrollarse de este estudio. Una particularidad de la bibliografía es que presenta una variedad de textos y traducciones que eran conocidos por los autores examinados en esta disertación. El idioma de los novelistas góticos reflejaba inevitablemente los estilos de los autores del pasado. Un anexo iconográfico al final de la disertación presenta una galería de pinturas e imágenes que muestran una analogía relevante con la belleza, el misterio y el terror del gótico.
The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to investigate and better understand the multiple influences that, together with the development and spreading of literary translations (highlighted by Stuart Gillespie and David Hopkins), played an important role in the rise of the early Gothic novel at the end of the eighteenth century. While deeply inspired by and imbued with internationally recognised critical literature of the Gothic, this study avoids assuming the critical stances of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It proceeds backward in time, scrutinizing the authors, their cultural background, their knowledge, and their eighteenth-century perspectives. The focus is concentrated on the first manifestations of the Gothic genre in the decades that followed the novelty introduced by Horace Walpole with The Castle of Otranto in 1764. The restricted fin de siècle timespan (1786-1796) of the early Gothic works that is explored in this thesis is inversely proportional to the high level of creativity and inventiveness of their authors. This dissertation aims at demonstrating that the pervasiveness and reiteration of Classical, Medieval, and Renaissance themes were consciously chosen and adapted to their plots by William Beckford (Vathek, 1786), Ann Radcliffe (The Romance of the Forest, 1791), and Matthew G. Lewis (The Monk, 1796), whose novels were an interesting and unusual syncretism of literary, cultural, and iconographic ideas and resources that they absorbed both from their contemporaries and, most importantly, from authors of the past. The three novels analysed in this thesis were written before, during, and after the French Revolution, which has been taken by many as a point of reference for and as a cause of the Gothic. The aim of this study is also to demonstrate that the association with the French Revolution is a critical convention a quo, which does not take into consideration Gothic peculiarities that already existed before the dramatic events in France. Other important aspects included in this investigation are the function of architectures, landscapes and iconographies in the novels. The dissertation is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the major themes and the rationale behind this investigation together with the motivation for embarking on a study on the Gothic. The central body is represented by three chapters. Every chapter analyses one novel and underscores its connection with authors such as Lucretius, Virgil, Ovid, Dante, Boccaccio, Shakespeare, and many others. The fifth chapter contains the conclusion and the future hypotheses of investigation brought about by this research. The bibliography features a variety of source texts and translations that were known to the novelists examined in this dissertation. The three Gothic writers’ language inevitably reflected and echoed themes and styles inherited from authors of different epochs. An iconography annex introduces a series of paintings and images that showed relevant associations with Gothic beauty, mystery, and horror.

Ségurant ou le Chevalier au Dragon est le titre que nous avons attribué à un ensemble romanesque médiéval ignoré de l’histoire littéraire et dispersé dans une tradition manuscrite abondante. Ce roman arthurien en prose, en langue française, qui a sans doute vu le jour entre 1240 et 1279 en Italie du Nord, ne subsiste qu’à l’état lacunaire dans des compilations et des sommes romanesques postérieures. C’est à partir de tous les manuscrits qui en ont conservé des fragments que nous proposons une reconstitution de ses diverses versions, qui s’échelonnent du XIIIe au XVe siècle. Cette thèse comprend l’édition en deux volumes de Ségurant ou le Chevalier au Dragon : le premier est consacré à la « version cardinale », conservée par le ms. 5229 de la Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal ; le second aux versions que nous appelons « complémentaires » et « alternatives ». L’édition est accompagnée d’une étude de cette œuvre qui en éclaire les divers aspects philologiques et littéraires. La première partie de l’étude analyse la tradition de ce roman à partir de ses sources jusqu’à sa fortune littéraire en Europe. La deuxième a pour objet la structure du roman, ses enjeux narratifs, son univers romanesque, ses modalités de réécriture. La troisième étudie l’imaginaire à l’œuvre dans Ségurant ou le Chevalier au Dragon, notamment le héros et ses valeurs, les éléments comiques et le traitement du merveilleux
Ségurant ou le Chevalier au Dragon is the title I proposed for an Arthurian prose romance, unknown to literary history and scattered into many manuscripts. It dates back to 1240-1279, it was written in French but its origins can probably be located in Northern Italy. Today it exists only in pieces found in later compilations. Collecting all the available fragments, I propose a reconstruction of its various versions which go back to between the XIIIth and XVth centuries. My thesis includes the edition of Ségurant : the first volume of this edition is dedicated to the « core version » found in manuscript 5229 of the Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, whereas the second volume is dedicated to the « complementary » and « alternative » versions. The edition is completed by a critical essay which focuses on philological and literary issues. The first part deals with the tradition of this novel from its sources to its fortune across Europe. The second part analyzes its structure, its narrative issues, its fictional world and its rewriting modes. The third part addresses its imagery, mainly the hero and his values, the comical aspects, and the marvellous ones

Gerbert de Montreuil's Roman de la Violette is a XIIIth century text dedicated to Marie, countess of Ponthieu, and belongs to the wager cycle, in which women are falsely accused. The author aims so to glorify women's virtues and is. Using the enchâssement technique of lyric insertions into a narrative, and relating the misadventures of a young couple of heroes, the author inscribes this novel of popular origin in a typical arthurian errance scheme, a solid structure that can support any thematic development. On one hand, the different adventures based on the quête scheme, allow the author to repeatedly question the courtly world and its inhabitants. On the other, lyric insertions chosen in the repertoires of the first and second generation of troubadours and trouvères, voice the characters’ love discourse, creating different effects throughout the text. Gerbert questions both the Arthurian values and traditional courtly rhetoric, and plays with his public by challenging and frustrating their aesthetic expectations, showing a conscious and playful distance from his models. By glorifying his patron and manifesting a strong opposition against any usurpation of the rights on a land—Marie of Ponthieu was a victim of such crime after Bouvines battle—Gerbert stands out in late Medieval literature: behind the mis à mal of certain codes and traditions, one can see his ironic smile.
Il Roman de la Violette de Gerbert de Montreuil è un testo dell'inizio del XIII secolo che appartiene al ciclo della scommessa e della donna ingiustamente accusata, volto a glorificare le virtù femminili e dedicato a Maria, contessa di Ponthieu. L'autore, che fa uso la tecnica dell'enchâssement di frammenti lirici nella narrazione, inscrive questo romanzo di origine popolare, incentrato sulle disavventure di una giovane coppia di eroi, in uno schema di erranza tipicamente arturiana, una solida struttura di supporto per lo sviluppo di particolari tematiche. Da un lato quindi il susseguirsi delle varie avventure fondate sul canovaccio narrativo della quête consente all'autore di interrogare a più riprese il mondo della corte e i suoi abitanti. Dall'altro poi, gli inserti lirici che l'autore sceglie nel repertorio di poeti, trovatori e trovieri di prima e seconda generazione, danno voce alla parola amorosa dei personaggi e percorrono il testo suscitando molteplici effetti. L'autore, che interroga perciò al contempo il sistema di valori arturiano e la tradizionale retorica cortese, alimenta un gioco sottile e complice con il suo pubblico, fondato sul rinnovamento di un orizzonte d'attesa costantemente disatteso, con una distanza cosciente e divertita dai suoi modelli. Così, glorificando la sua mecenate e manifestando una viva opposizione contro qualsiasi usurpazione legata alla terra, cosa di cui Maria di Ponthieu era stata vittima dopo la battaglia di Bouvines, Gerbert esprime con il suo romanzo una posizione originale sulla letteratura del suo tempo perché spesso, dietro la mise à mal di alcuni codici e tradizioni, si intravede il suo sorriso ironico.

This thesis examines the novels of George Sand (1804-1876) and analyses representative examples from her entire œuvre. Its overall aim is to re-evaluate Sand’s standing as a writer of intellectual interest and importance by demonstrating that she is engaging with a cultural and intellectual phenomenon of particular relevance to the nineteenth century: the link between different ways of seeing and knowledge or understanding, which I term ‘insight’. The visual dimension of Sand’s novels has so far been overlooked or reduced to a rose-tinted view of the world, and my study is the first to examine vision in her work. I argue that Sand demonstrates a continuous commitment to ways of engaging with the world in visual terms, incorporating conceptual seeing, prophetic vision, as well as physical eyesight. Contesting the prevailing critical view of Sand’s œuvre as one which declines into blandness and irrelevance after the 1850s, this thesis uncovers a model of expansion in her writing, as she moves from her focus on the personal in her early novels, privileging internal vision, to wider social concerns in her middle period in which she aims to reconfigure reality, to her final period in which she advocates the physical observation of the natural world. Rejecting the perception of Sand as a writer of sentiment at the expense of thought, this study argues that her writing constitutes a continuous quest for understanding, both of the physical world and the more abstract, eternal ‘vérité’. I show that Sand transcends binary divisions between science and art, the detail and the whole, the material and the abstract, and that she ultimately promotes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the world. This also enables me to reassess Sand’s poetics by arguing that her rejection of the mimetic model is founded on her conception of the world as multiple and constantly evolving.

In the fictional world of the twentieth century author, Georges Bernanos, a medieval spirituality is reflected through Christocentric imagery. This study highlights the Christocentric focus of medieval spirituality found in three bernanosian characters: Donissan in Sous le Soleil de Satan, Chantal in La Joie, and le cure d'Ambricourt in Journal d'un cure de campagne. Two medieval images, the Mirror and the Way, provided a backdrop for considering common thematic characteristics. This study is divided into two parts. Part One comprises two chapters which present background for textual analysis in Bernanos' three novels. Chapter one explores formative elements in medieval spirituality. These include: descriptions of the medieval mindset, clerical and ecclesial influences, devotional trends related to themes of Christocentric imitation, edification images, specifically, the Mirror and the Way, and chivalry. Chapter two presents formative elements in Bernanos' spirituality. Familial, clerical and ecclesial influences of his childhood contributed to his Christocentric spirituality. Biographical descriptions of Bernanos' adolescent and adult years reveal similarities of his lived experience to medieval themes of pilgrimage, chivalry and imitation. In Part Two, Donissan, Chantal and le cure are considered in the context of medieval trends to imitate Christ. Images of the Way and the Mirror emerge in the four chapters of this section. In chapter three, a textual analysis is presented which juxtaposes virtuous qualities of each main character to the virtues of the medieval devotion to the Infancy. In chapters four and five, the characters are described in relation to another major devotional trend of medieval times: the Passion. Chapter four considers the bernanosian saints as imitators of Jesus' agony while chapter five addresses their imitation of his Way of the cross. In both chapters, imagery related to medieval Christ-like imitation is identified. Chapter six highlights themes of death and resurrection, the culminating steps of the medieval journey of imitation. Descriptions of Bernanos' saintly instruments of grace emphasize their adherence to the medieval pursuit towards wholeness. Dawn imagery and the theme of communion of saints are treated in this discussion of transformation. Endnotes accompany each of the six chapters.

År 1977 stängdes grindarna vid Forsviks Bruk för vad man trodde var sista gången. Några år senare började dock de gamla industribyggnaderna renoveras och Forsviks Bruk har sedan dess fungerat som industriminne och besöksmål.Denna studie syftade att skapa en visuell novell och pröva den som intresseväckande och engagerande verktyg, likt det webbmaterial som många museer idag tillämpar. Forskning gjordes i museipedagogik, serious games och berättande med bild och text, och från detta skapades sedan den fiktiva berättelsen Spökskeppet och implementerades som visuell novell med mjukvaran Twine.Den visuella novellen utvärderades sedan i två separata undersökningar, den ena mot målgruppen (grundskoleelever i årskurs 4 – 6), den andra mot intressenter vid Forsviks Bruk. Frågeställningarna gällde huruvida den visuella novellen lämpar sig som intresseväckande material samt om det fiktiva i berättelsen hamnar i konflikt med det faktiska som Forsviks Bruk förmedlar till sina besökare.

This thesis examines the relationships between different nations and cultures in Ivanhoe, The Talisman, Quentin Durward, Anne of Geierstein and Count Robert of Paris using Post-colonial theory. An analysis of Scott’s conception of society in general shows that 18th century Scottish historiography is fundamental to his vision of the world because it forms the basis of his systematization of history, social development and interaction between communities. It also profoundly influences his imagery and descriptions, as well as providing him with a range of stereotypes that he manipulates so skilfully that his great dependence upon them is occulted. Contemporary ideas and his own attitude to the Union of Scotland and England lead him to conceive of nation formation in terms of descent and hybridity. In part, he sees the nation as a community of blood. Yet, his acceptance of the Union means that he also considers it to be a body of different ethnic elements that live together. His use of the 18th century metaphor of family to figure the nation allows him to incorporate heredity and miscegenation into his analysis of national development through father-daughter couples. The father represents traditional culture, and the daughter, the nation’s present and future; her marriage to a foreigner signifying that people of differing descent can cross the nation’s porous borders. Religion is the final frontier: Christian nations cannot absorb non-Christians. Scott sees dominance and subordination as a complex part of human relationships. Apparently-subordinate subjects possess occulted power because their support of the hegemonic is often essential if the latter is to maintain its superiority. While his conception of society in patriarchal terms means that his female characters cannot offer violence to men, he shows that passive resistance is very effective. Through mimicry, the subordinate threatens the power and identity of the dominant. Power is not only conceived of in political terms. In Ivanhoe, Scott reveals the importance of moral stature which allows Rebecca to dominate the work although she is at the bottom of the political and racial hierarchy that structures English society. Scott’s conception of time is fundamental to the manner in which he conceives of the nation. Historical cultural forms are physicalised through chronotopes. Politically subordinate cultures base their actions in the present on pedagogic time, while the dominant ignore their past and live only in the present and the future. He also expresses dominant-subordinate relationships through speed, with time moving quickly for the powerful and slowly for the weak. Time, whether in the form of history, the characters’ perception of it or speed amalgamates all the various elements of Scott’s conception of nationhood into a seamless whole.

Cette thèse analyse par le biais la théorie post-coloniale les relations internationales dans Ivanhoe, Quentin Durward, Anne of Geierstein et Count Robert of Paris. Les théories historiques élaborées en Écosse au XVIIIème siècle sont fondamentales dans la vision scottienne parce qu’elles forment la base de la systematisation de l’histoire, du développement sociale et, par conséquent, des relations entre les différentes communités. Ces théories influencent profondement les images qu’il utilise et la façon dont il décrit les caractères et les scènes. De plus, elles lui fournissent une gamme de stéréotypes qu’il manipule très adroitement. Sa conception de la manière dont se forment les nations vient des idées contemporaines et de sa propre expérience de l’union politique de l’Angleterre et de l’Écosse. Il considère la nation comme une communauté fondée sur l’ascendance par le sang mais aussi comme un groupe d’ethnies différentes qui vivent ensemble. Sa description de la nation emprunte à la métaphore de la famille courante au XVIIIième. Celle-ci lui permet d’inclure dans son analyse l’héridité et la mixité au moyen des couples formés par un père et sa fille. Le père représente la culture traditionelle, et la fille, le présent et le futur national. Son marriage avec un étranger signifie que les gens d’ascendance différente peuvent traverser les frontières perméables d’une nation. La religion est la frontière ultime: les nations chrétiennes ne peuvent absorber de non-chrétiens. Scott considère que la domination et la sujetion forment une partie complexe des relations humaines. Les sujets qui paraissent subordonnés possèdent en fait un pouvoir occulte, le dominant ayant besoin de leur soutien pour maintenir sa position. Bien que sa conception patriarcale de la société fasse que les caractères feminins ne manifestent pas d’agression envers les hommes, il montre que la résistance passive est très efficace. En imitant le sujet dominant, le sujet subordonné menace le pouvoir et l’identité de ce dernier. Le pouvoir ne s’exprime pas seulement dans la politique. Rebecca dans Ivanhoe revèle l’importance que revêtent le caractère et la moralité. Bien qu’elle soit au bas de la hiérarchie structurante de la société anglaise, elle domine le roman.

La conception que Scott se fait du temps est fondamentale à celle de la nation et de la culture. Au moyen du chronotope, les cultures historiques prennent des formes physiques. Les cultures qui sont subordonnées politiquement basent leur action au présent sur le “temps pédagogique”. Au contraire, le dominant rejette son passé et ne vit qu’au présent et au futur. Les relations entre le pouvoir dominant et le subordonné s’expriment aussi par la vitesse: le temps passe vite pour les puissants, mais lentement pour les faibles. En définitive, tous les éléments de la conception scottienne de la nation sont liés au temps, qu’il s’agisse de l’histoire, de perception par les caractères, ou de la vitesse.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Le Roman de la Violette de Gerbert de Montreuil est un récit du début du XIIIe siècle appartenant au cycle de la gageure et de la femme injustement accusée, voué à la glorification des vertus féminines et dédié à Marie, comtesse de Ponthieu. L'auteur, qui pratique la technique de l'enchâssement d'insertions lyriques dans la narration, inscrit ce conte d'origine populaire, qui relate les mésaventures d'un couple de héros, dans le cadre d'une errance typiquement arthurienne, une charpente solide permettant de développer des thématiques particulières. D'une part, le déploiement de différentes aventures, qui se fonde sur le canevas narratif de la quête, permet à l'auteur d'interroger de manière réitérée le monde de la cour et ses habitants. D'autre part, les fragments lyriques qu'il emprunte aux poètes, troubadours et trouvères de première et de deuxième génération, donnent voix à la parole amoureuse des personnages et traversent le récit tout en produisant des effets variés. L'auteur, qui interroge en parallèle le système de valeurs arthurien et la rhétorique courtoise traditionnelle, met en place un jeu subtil et complice avec son public, fondé sur le renouvellement d'un horizon d'attente constamment déjoué, avec une distance consciente et amusée par rapport à ses modèles. Ainsi, tout en manifestant son opposition à l'usurpation de toute terre, dont Marie de Ponhtieu avait été victime après la bataille de Bouvines, et glorifiant ainsi son mécène, Gerbert exprime avec ce roman une position originale et inattendue sur la littérature de son temps : à plusieurs reprises, derrière la mise à mal de certains codes et traditions, l'on entrevoit son sourire ironique
Gerbert de Montreuil's Roman de la Violette is a XIIIth century text dedicated to Marie, countess of Ponthieu, and belongs to the wager cycle, in which women are falsely accused. The author aims so to glorify women's virtues and is. Using the enchâssement technique of lyric insertions into a narrative, and relating the misadventures of a young couple of heroes, the author inscribes this novel of popular origin in a typical arthurian errance scheme, a solid structure that can support any thematic development. On one hand, the different adventures based on the quête scheme, allow the author to repeatedly question the courtly world and its inhabitants. On the other, lyric insertions chosen in the repertoires of the first and second generation of troubadours and trouvères, voice the characters’ love discourse, creating different effects throughout the text. Gerbert questions both the Arthurian values and traditional courtly rhetoric, and plays with his public by challenging and frustrating their aesthetic expectations, showing a conscious and playful distance from his models. By glorifying his patron and manifesting a strong opposition against any usurpation of the rights on a land!Marie of Ponthieu was a victim of such crime after Bouvines battle!Gerbert stands out in Medieval literature : behind the mis à mal of certain codes and traditions, one can see his ironic smile

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Traduzida presumivelmente para o português no séc. XIII, a partir de um manuscrito francês, hoje perdido, A demanda do Santo Graal aborda a matéria de Bretanha por um viés acentuadamente religioso, e busca, como um exemplum, servir de ferramenta para a configuração de um pretenso código de valores morais cristãos no seio da cavalaria. Nesse sentido, Palamedes merece destaque entre os personagens da novela por ser o único cavaleiro pagão em atividade a ser admirado pelos da corte cristã do rei Artur. Considerando o (pre)domínio da Igreja Católica no que tange às esferas política, cultural e ideológica quando da redação da novela, a exaltação das qualidades morais e marciais de Palamedes, um mouro, ganha especial relevo, na medida em que representa, na estrutura de valoração ambivalente da Demanda em que valores corteses e mundanos contrapõem-se à conduta cristã exemplar , a excelência dos atributos constituintes da Ordem de Cavalaria, à revelia da submissão desta à Igreja. Assim, a cotejar as cavalarias cristã e árabe, a considerar o discurso constituinte das narrativas cavalheirescas da baixa Idade Média e a verificar a representação do oriente mourisco presente no imaginário da península Ibérica, analisa-se a atuação de Palamedes na estrutura da novela, avaliando a orientação dos episódios que compõe sua gesta. Dessa forma, descobre-se um personagem que, em certa medida alheio a conformações étnicas e culturais mas dentro de um universo de expectativas cortês marcado pelo signo da ambiguidade, excele como cavaleiro.

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Entrar em contato com as rotas do imaginário é uma maneira de permitir leituras que ultrapassam a superfície do texto e chegam aos possíveis do ser. Nesse sentido, a dissertação O MEDIEVO EM NOVE, NOVENA : UM PERCURSO PARA O IMAGINÁRIO tem o objetivo de verificar, nas narrativas que compõem Nove, novena, indícios do imaginário medieval e como se estabelece a releitura desse universo imagético na produção osmaniana. Tal estudo se justifica por Osman Lins ter conseguido imprimir a essa obra um olhar aperspectívico e uma aura de ascetismo, o que se assemelha à cosmovisão do homem da Idade Média. A pesquisa tem bases teóricas nos estudos de Gilbert Durand, no que diz respeito à simbologia; em relação à cultura do Medievo, dentre os diversos autores consultados, destacam-se Georges Duby e Jacques Le Goff

This thesis considers the burlesque literary forms in the work of the seventeenth-century writer, Cyrano de Bergerac. It challenges current scholarship by looking beyond libertinism to consider the importance of Cyrano's comic writing practices. While it does not deny the philosophical and scientific focus of Cyrano's oeuvre, it suggests that the burlesque is a defining characteristic. By taking into account the literary context in which Cyrano was writing – notably the querelle des Lettres and the rise of the histoire comique – as well as looking at other comic writers that could have influenced Cyrano, and through close textual readings, this thesis reveals that burlesque forms are often used in excess in Cyrano's work – forms compete against forms – producing destructive effects; burlesque forms can, in effect, be self-defeating. This project then asks whether it is possible to consider Cyrano a comic writer at all. It does demonstrate, however, that, in ridiculing everyone and everything, Cyrano too makes a mockery of the very idea of a dissimulative text. In questioning the literary gesture that Cyrano makes through his battling burlesque forms, this thesis suggests that libertinism can appear to be one of many playful masks the author assumes in his work. Is Cyrano a burlesque libertine? If so, this thesis raises the wider question of whether there are other imposters within the ranks.

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The core of approach of the writer Osman Lins s lies in a restoration of the process of reconstructing the connection between the modern man to cosmos, applied to the called narratives abject, term of Walter Benjamin. That is because, when Middle Age allegory was rescued, Osman Lins constructs an interpretative way of this process that has as epicenter images of insects and animals, bases of the figurative metaphorical work of novels in analysis: Engagement, the Transparent Bird and Pentagon of Hahn and other narratives of Nine, Novena. In these, the sense of meaning emerges from the corrosion of relations between things that transform the living creatures into ruin, whose great effect is the loss of stability due to accumulation of information, in favor of the mutation dissection. The work of displacement of the language to the verbal communication makes Osman Lins s literary creation a way of domain the analogous words to the ones of the poetry, however in prose liberated by the allegory image. When making animals and insects a door of entrance to a world of mystery and fancy, also makes a constant investigation in histories of novels, established for the resignation to any mode of technology or totalitarian ideology applied to them. Tropo is a figure in libertarian use which occurs a transformation of allegory in image of contaminated novel Nine, Novena. The narratives in study are resultant of an attitude of rejection of the writer to stereotypes given to common-place in literary exercise, however dislocated by improvisation in a way to tell that it shows deformation and contamination under other affinities equivalents to the narrative statement: the objective is to return the identity to the language. The narrative representative work in Nine, Novena shows the man facing conflicts of modernity laid in cause of exploration to the meaning of abject, when stirring a reader up, by this means, to the reflection on automation, alienation and solitude, and, consequently, inaugurating a new time in Brazilian society in the second half of century XX: the word-animal making slit , new lives production in body-words.. The first chapter, Correlations of fragmentary narrative and the novel type, deals with the conceptual work of transformation and displacement of literal form of medieval allegory for a renowned and transfigured modality of Osman Lins s novel, in parallel to the illustration of Braque: Roofs of Céret. Second chapter, Allegorical confrontations: conceptual and artistic, it displays the visual descriptive and ornamental exercise in comparison to the illustration La Dame à La the Licorne, placing the medieval wonderful element in the motivation of the animal characters, personages in novels. The third chapter, Forms of ingenious concept: allegorical and metaphors, made possible the analysis of novels under the contamination of other visual symbols, pointing the distinguishing marks given by fragment and discursive contamination, for the poetical principles of analogy, comparison, irony, metaphorical and mosaic image plastic exhibitions methodologies and procedures of reading and interpretation. The conceptual recital if abided by the theoreticians: Walter Benjamin, Roland Barthes. Hansen, T. E. Hulme, Octávio Paz, Jaime Alazraki, Umberto Eco and readers Brazilian contemporaries of the workmanship of Osman Lins in preferential reference
O núcleo de abordagem das novelas do escritor Osman Lins instaura-se no processo de reconstrução da ligação do homem moderno ao cosmo, aplicado às narrativas denominadas abjetas, termo de Walter Benjamin. Isso porque, ao recuperar a alegoria da Idade Média, Osman Lins edifica uma via interpretativa desse processo que tem como epicentro imagens de insetos e animais, bases do trabalho metafórico figurativo das novelas em análise: Noivado, O Pássaro Transparente e Pentágono de Hahn e outras narrativas de Nove, Novena. Nestas, o sentido da significação emerge da corrosão das relações entre as coisas que transformam os seres vivos em ruínas, cujo grande efeito é a perda da estabilidade dada pela acumulação de informação, em favor da fragmentação e da mutação. O trabalho de deslocamento da língua para a linguagem faz da criação literária de Osman Lins um modo de domar as palavras análogas às da poesia, todavia em prosa liberada pela imagem alegórica. Ao fazer dos animais e insetos uma porta de entrada a um mundo de mistério e fantasia, também faz uma indagação constante nas histórias das novelas, instalada pela renúncia a qualquer modalidade de tecnologia ou ideologia totalitária a elas aplicada. O tropo é a figura em uso libertário pelo qual ocorre a transformação da alegoria em imagem na novela contaminada Nove, Novena. As narrativas em estudo são resultantes de uma atitude de rejeição do escritor aos estereótipos dados pelos lugares-comuns no exercício literário, porém deslocados pela improvisação de um modo de narrar que mostra deformação e contaminação sob outras afinidades equivalentes ao enunciado narrativo: o objetivo é devolver a identidade à linguagem. O trabalho representacional narrativo em Nove, Novena exibe o homem diante dos conflitos da modernidade posto em causa pela exploração da acepção do abjeto, ao incitar, por essa via, o leitor à reflexão sobre a automatização, a alienação e a solidão, e, conseqüentemente, inaugurando uma nova época na sociedade brasileira na segunda metade do século XX: o bicho-palavra produzindo fissuras , produção de novos objetos vivos em palavras-corpo. O primeiro capítulo, Correlações da narrativa fragmentária e do gênero novela, trata do trabalho conceitual da transformação e deslocamento da forma literal da alegoria medieval para uma modalidade renomada e transfigurada da novela de Osman Lins, em paralelo à ilustração de Braque: Telhados de Céret. O segundo capítulo, Confrontos alegóricos: conceitual e artístico, expõe o exercício ornamental visual e descritivo em comparação à ilustração La Dame à la Licorne, alocando o elemento maravilhoso medieval na motivação das personagens animais, personagens nas novelas. O terceiro capítulo, Formas de conceptismo engenhoso: alegorismos e metáforas, concretiza a análise das novelas sob a contaminação de outros símbolos da visualidade, apontando as marcas diferenciais dadas pela fragmentação e contaminação discursiva, pelos princípios poéticos da analogia, da comparação, da ironia, da metaforização e do espetáculo plástico da imagem em mosaico, metodologias e procedimentos de leitura e interpretação. A fundamentação conceitual se ateve aos teóricos: Walter Benjamin, Roland Barthes, A. Hansen, T. E. Hulme, Octávio Paz, Jaime Alazraki, Umberto Eco e leitores contemporâneos brasileiros da obra de Osman Lins em referência preferencial

Que signifie repenser l’Histoire littéraire et l’Histoire du roman comme Histoire culturelle ? Le point de départ de notre questionnement sur les formes de représentation adoptées par l’Histoire littéraire porte sur la doxa critique selon laquelle il existe une relation génétique entre l’épopée et le roman, dont la source se trouve dans ce qu’il est convenu de voir comme le texte fondateur de la littérature, l’épopée d’Homère et celui de la théorie littéraire, la Poétique d’Aristote. Si l’épopée homérique est une œuvre de la tradition orale, quelle est sa relation avec le roman, issu, lui, de la scripturalité et de l’émergence de la prose ? Si les récits en prose narrative de fiction apparaissent dans des civilisations sans épopée, quelle est la condition nécessaire pour leur émergence ? Si, de plus, l’apparition d’une prose narrative de fiction est précédée de plusieurs siècles de celle d’une historiographie et que ce phénomène se répète aussi bien dans la Grèce classique qu’au Moyen Âge européen, ou encore en Chine, quelle est la condition nécessaire pour l’essor du roman ? Nous présentons ici l’ébauche d’une Histoire alternative des origines du roman dans la Weltliteratur, en relation avec l’émergence de la scripturalité et la prose et l’essor de l’historiographie À la croisée de plusieurs disciplines académiques, notamment entre les sciences humaines et sociales, notre recherche fait appel d’une part à la théorie et à l’Histoire de la littérature, d’autre part à l’Histoire de l’historiographie, ainsi qu’à la théorie et la philosophie de l’Histoire
Is it possible to rethink Literary History and in particular the History of the Novel as Cultural History which seeks to differentiate between an historical object and it’s representation? Considering the critical doxa, according to which, there exists a genetic link between epics and the novel, leads to one of Western thinking’s most stubborn myths. If epics, and particularly Homer’s, is seen as the novel’s ascendant , although it belongs to oral tradition, how does it explain the fact that as Ancient civilizations as Egypt or China or Israel developed sophisticated prose narratives without having epics? Moreover, if Western literary history refers to Aristotle’s Poetics as it’s foundational text, although by the time it was written, fictional prose didn’t exist yet, and was only to develop a few centuries later, shouldn’t we seek for the missing link between the oral tradition and the rise of the novel? As against this hegemonic and unhistorical representation that considers the novel genre as a Western invention, and as opposed to the historical circumstances that gave birth to the novel, we consider that the key to understanding this phenomenon lies in the emergence of literacy and prose. Indeed, in all civilizations that developed fictional prose writing, it was systematically preceded, not by epics, but by historiography. Our PHD dissertation presents an alternative History of the novel, whose angle is intercultural and interdisciplinary, aiming at recreating a new chronology of the emergence of the novel as a an inevitable historical genre in world’s literature

Les auteurs qui vivaient à la cour des Plantagenêt, créaient une sorte de mythe historique et culturel, appelé à contribuer à la consolidation politique et sociale de leur royaume. Les Lais de Marie s’inscrivent dans ce contexte. La première partie montre pourquoi et comment Marie s’adresse à l’œuvre historiographique de Wace. L’influence de cet écrivain transparaît incontestablement dans l’œuvre de Marie et il n’est pas impossible que son projet littéraire, consistant à créer un recueil des douze lais, puisse être inspiré par la chronique de l’historiographe. La seconde partie dégage de nombreux liens intertextuels entre Marie et Chrétien de Troyes. Les contes d’origine celtique portant sur les transformations des personnes en animaux, « métamorphoses bretonnes », furent aux yeux de Marie une sorte de version des Métamorphoses antiques, un monument littéraire adapté par le jeune Chrétien. Celui-ci n’hésitait pas à faire dans ses romans des allusions plus au moins claires aux lais. La troisième partie étudie les notions-clés de la poésie des troubadours, ainsi que certains genres de la lyrique provençale qui auraient pu influencer les Lais. La quatrième partie met en lumière l’aspect parodique de la réception de la matière bretonne, ainsi que des lais de Marie par les auteurs anonymes. Marie transforme radicalement le statut culturel et littéraire des contes bretons, en imprégnant leurs adaptations françaises des réminiscences des écrits créés par ses contemporains et en ennoblissant les personnages conformément à la nouvelle morale de la société courtoise. Le genre de lai acquiert des contours précis, le chronotope breton se fixe en tant qu’élément essentiel du lai
Authors who lived at the Plantagenet court created a historical and cultural myth that was meant to contribute to the political and social consolidation of the kingdom. Marie de France’s Lais are situated in this context. The first part of my thesis focuses on how and why Marie addresses the historiographical work of Wace. Not only is his influence visible in the lais but his voluminous poetical chronicle might have inspired in Marie the very idea of composing a collection of twelve lais. The second part brings to light a significant number of intertextual connections between Marie de France and Chrétien de Troyes. It is argued that Marie saw some similarities between the tales of Celtic origin about the transformation of humans into animals and Ovid’s Metamorphoses, translated by young Chrétien de Troyes. In his turn, Chrétien did not hesitate to allude to Marie’s Lais, more or less openly. The third part centers on the key notions and certain genres of troubadour poetry as a potential source of Marie’s Lais. The fourth part examines the parodic aspect in the reception of the Matter of Britain and of Marie’s Lais by anonymous authors. The results of my research have lead me to the conclusion that Marie radically transformed the cultural and literary status of Breton tales, filling them with reminiscences of her contemporaries’ writings, ennobling the characters of her tales in accordance with the new moral code of the court, and endowing them with the gloss of a fairy-tale ideality. Her immediate successors made this gloss even more pronounced. Thus the genre of the lai acquired a precise shape, and the Breton chronotope became an essential element of the lai

This thesis concerns the function of fiction in the creation of an historical myth and the uses that that myth is put to in a number of periods and differing régimes. Its case study is the popular myth of August the Strong (1670-1733), Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, as a man of extraordinary sexual prowess and the ruler over a magnificent, but frivolous, court in Dresden. It examines the origins of this myth in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, and its development up to the twenty-first century in German history writing, fiction, art, and media. The image August created for himself in the art, literature, and festivities of his court as an ideal ruler of extremely broad cultural and intellectual interests and high political ambitions and abilities linked him closely with eighteenth-century notions of galanterie. This narrowed the scope of his image later, especially as nineteenth-century historians selected fictional sources and interpreted them as historical sources to present August as an immoral political failure. Although nineteenth-century popular writers exhibited a more varied response to August’s historical role, the negative historiography continued to resonate in later history writing. Ironically, the myth of August the Strong represented an opportunity in the GDR in creating and fostering a sense of identity, first as a socialist state with historical and cultural links to the east, and then by examining Prusso-Saxon history as a uniquely (East) German issue. Finally, the thesis examines the practice of historical re-enactment as it is currently employed in a number of variations on German TV and in literature, and its impact on historical knowledge. The thesis concludes that, while narrative forms are necessary to history and fiction, and fiction is a necessary part of presenting history, inconsistent combinations of the two can undermine the projects of both.

This thesis looks at a number of Jakob Wassermann’s novels and the ways in which society is depicted in them. Seen as a whole, Wassermann’s oeuvre can therefore be understood as an attempt to portray (mostly) German society at different historical stages. The periods in question are Biedermeier Germany, the Wilhelmine era, the years of the Great War and finally the Weimar Republic, the depiction of all of which reveal Wassermann as a fierce critic of his time. In addition to this interest in society, this thesis will examine Wassermann’s concern with various outsider figures which complement his portrayals of society. The outsider figures Wassermann seems to be mostly interested in are the Jew, the woman, the child and the homosexual man. However, Wassermann is not just interested in these outsiders on their own but also draws extensive parallels between the various forms of exclusion they experience in a society dominated by the Gentile man or, as in the case of the child, by the adult. These parallels have proven to be revelatory and have led to new insights into Wassermann’s works. The dynamic of the outsider vs. society is, however, in many ways no longer applicable to those novels written during and after the Great War. Instead Wassermann now combines his interest in the figure of the outsider with an interest in the depiction of character. At the same time character becomes a mirror not only for the society Wassermann portrays in his writing but also for the society he lived in. This makes for an altogether more complex but also more intriguing structure of his later writing. This thesis will examine how all these different elements when combined offer new ways of looking at Wassermann’s writing.

Le riche et complexe « siècle de saint Louis » est celui du déploiement d’une justice royale hiérarchisée et professionnelle employant des centaines de maîtres formés dans les universités. La Cour du roi se réunit à Paris à intervalles réguliers lors de sessions en parlement. La monarchie adopte plusieurs réformes qui permettent aux justiciables d’avoir accès à la justice. Les recours sont alors portés, pour une large part, contre le roi lui-même et les exactions de ses agents. Tant de recours différents peuvent être formés qu’une forme de responsabilité de l’administration royale paraît se mettre en place.Un important contentieux est par ailleurs soulevé par les hommes contre leurs seigneurs laïcs ou ecclésiastiques. La justice royale apparaît alors comme un régulateur des relations féodales. L’appel judiciaire au Parlement, qui se systématise contre les jugements des justices concurrentes, ouvre la voie à la concrétisation de la supériorité de la justice royale, que l’on commence à appeler en français : « souveraineté ».Par acculturation, l’offre et la demande de justice se rencontrent et tendent à consacrer les institutions royales en justice de « droit commun ». Les résistances sont nombreuses de la part des justices concurrentes, mais la Cour du roi reçoit aussi leurs plaintes et, tout en étendant son influence, statue dessus en toute impartialité, ce qui contribue également à légitimer la mise en place d’un État de droit
The rich and complex « Saint Louis’ Century » is a time of development of a hierarchical and professional royal justice. Hundreds of Masters are trained at the Universities. The king’s Court regularly assembles in Paris during sessions « in parlemento ». The monarchy adopts several reforms allowing an easier access to justice. The recourses are also carried against the king himself and the exactions of his agents. There are so many different types of recourses that the concept of responsibility of the royal administration seems to appear.On the other hand, an important part of the litigations is raised by men against their laïcs or ecclesiastics lords. Royal justice settles as a regulator of the feudal relationships. The judiciary appeal to the Parlement is becoming usual against the other justices. Indeed, it contributes to give concrete expression to the superiority of the king’s justice, which is now called, in French « souveraineté ».By acculturation, the demand and the supply meet and tend to dedicate royal institutions to an « ordinary court ». There are a lot of resistances from other judges, but the curia regis receives and judge impartially these complaints too, which contribute to set of a State under the rule of law

El propòsit principal d’aquesta tesi pot ser descrit per mitjà del seu títol: tractem de l’estudi dels particulars usos narratius i lingüístics (logos) en la tradició dels textos de la novel·la bizantina, així com de les formes que caracteritzen aquest tipus de producte literari en el context de la literatura grega medieval a partir del segle XII en l’àmbit de l’imperi romà d´Orient, i en concret al llarg del període que comprèn l’època de la cort dels Comnens fins el temps dels Paleòlegs (s.XIV). En primer lloc, hom recorre el context històric i cultural; després, s’intenta explicar la principal terminologia que el món bizantí tenia per a aquest tipus d’obres, i es repassa la problemàtica que planteja la teoria crítica moderna. A continuació, i tenint en compte la complexitat narrativa, així com les dificultats que ens presenta la llengua grega en un període de contactes multiculturals entre Grècia i la resta del món Occidental, hom proposa l’anàlisi de les formes del Logos, enteses com a base i xarxa estructural que conforma aquestes obres. Les “formes”, sospitosament peculiars en tot el compendi dels textos, suposen unes funcions concretes en la narració que es desenvolupen en diverses circumstàncies comunicatives, i impliquen tant els personatges com el seu entorn comunicatiu. D’alguna manera, ens expliquen com es va conformant la ficció, orienten la trama argumental i els seus resultats. Ens fixem, per tant, en un seguit d’imatges i de representacions de la paraula que es concreten en quatre Formes: el monòleg, com a forma d’expressió d’una sola veu, única però complexa, i el seus desenvolupaments poètics; el diàleg, com la forma de conversa entre dos personatges en escena; la cançó, probablement com la via més lírica de comunicació del discurs dels personatges principals (tot tenint en compte prèviament el “background” de la tradició de les Dimotikà tragoúdia o cançons tradicionals gregues); i finalment, la complexitat de les cartes, inscripcions i missatges com a formes del Logos escrit en la comunicació dels personatges. En relació amb el context narratiu i argumental, intentem definir quin és el tipus de lirisme que hi ha entre discursos i personatges en vistes a donar expressió real al concepte amorós o de l’amor en la narrativa de l’aventura de separació i retrobament final de la parella protagonista. En aquest cas, l’estudi de la veu poètica, així com la de la veu dels personatges principals, els dos enamorats, i la seva literalitat, esdevé necessària per a la comprensió d’aquests materials. S’observa, per exemple, que en el diàleg, la temàtica de l’amor es concreta i desenvolupa en les novel·les en dues tipologies de diàleg: el diàleg d’amor entre els protagonistes, i el diàleg sobre amor o sobre aquest tema. En un altre exemple, des del punt de vista del Logos escrit, la mateixa presència i intercanvi de cartes (ἡ γραφή) genera, a nivell narratiu, una tercera veu narrativa epistolar en el procés comunicatiu dels personatges que requereix una aproximació obligadament literària, en tant que l’escriptura és posada en primer pla en l’expressió pregona del sentiment amorós. De la mateixa manera, en l’anàlisi de les inscripcions (τὰ γράμματα), cada situació narrativa suposa un format i un suport de la transmissió dels missatges que configura, un cop més, un context poètic narratiu molt especial. La present tesi intenta omplir els buits existents en l´estudi de la ficció a Bizanci, alhora que planteja nous termes i límits de definició a través de la teoria del llenguatge i la narratologia, en un intent de concreció, per a totes aquestes novel·les, del rol de les seves formes del Logos.
The main purpose of this dissertation is described by his title himself: this is the study of the particular narrative and linguistic uses (Logos) in the textual tradition of the “bizantine roman”, as well the forms that characterizes this kind of literary product in the context of medieval greek literature throught the Comnenian and Palaiologan periods (s. XII- XIV). The present thesis makes a revision of the historical context and the cultural situation of this textual tradition; then, tries to explain the main terminology that bizantine world had to define this kind of titles, and takes a look on the problematic of modern literary theories. Then, taking account of the complexity of this narrative, as well as the difficulties of the greek language on a period of multicultural contacts between Greece and the rest of the occidental world, we propose the analisis of the “Forms of Logos” as the main basis and structural network that conforms theses narrative materials. We take a look to specific images of “Logos” (representations of the “word”) that are concreted by four forms: monologue, the form of one´s voice expression, and his developments and variations as a complex poetical voice; dialogue, as a form of conversation between two subects acting and performing; the song, probably as the most lirical way to comunicate the speech of the main characters (taking a look previously to the background of the traditional greek folk songs); and finally, the complexity of letters, inscriptions and messages, as forms of the writed “Logos” on comunication. In relation to the argumental and narrative context, we try to define how is this kind of lirism between characters and speeches in order to give expression to a view of love throught the adventure of separation and new meeting and reunion of the protagonist couple. The present thesis tries to fill the gap on the general studies about fiction and fictional narratives in Bizantium, and to define, throught new terms and the theory of language and narratology, the role, for all the novels, of these forms of Logos.

Le motif renardien n'allait pas se tarir avec l'achèvement du Roman de Renart. Au XIIIe siècle, de nouvelles versions de ces histoires animalières voient le jour. Cependant, les codes de ce cycle à part entière sont profondément modifiés par rapport au Roman originel. Le facétieux goupil est devenu une absatraction personnifiant le mal sur terre et surtout les aventures sont réinvesties en un sens moral. La fortune de cette nouvelle veine est extraordinaire puisque des récits moralisés de Renart se perpétuent jusqu'au XVIe siècle. La littérature édifiante, souvent pensée comme faible stylistiquement, amène à reconsidérer les frontières de la littéralité. Nous voulons ici interroger la renardisation de l'espace littéraire du milieu du XIIIe siècle au début du XVIe siècle en lien avec la moralisation qui sous-tend ces textes. Cette étude se propose de caractériser les moralisations en étudiant les formes prises par un didactisme qui repose en grande partie sur l'humanisation et l'allégorisation des personnages animaliers. Nous assistons à une réécriture qui se veut métamorphose du cycle renardien. Il s'agit de montrer comment le discours moral et le discours littéraire s'imbriquent. Le discours des moralisateurs des aventures du renard sont tous fondés sur l'angoisse du temps présent. Elle véhicule chez les auteurs une peur et une révolte qui ne se limite pas à la nostalgie mais qui est profondément métaphysique. Ainsi, si l'angoisse prend la forme d'une intense mélancolie, il s'agit d'une mélancolie activement tournée contre le renard qui entend être force de salut. En même temps, il s'agira de caractériser à l'intérieur de ce cycle l'évolution de la satire politico-morale
The theme of Reynard the fox was not dry up with the completion of the Roman de Renart. In the thirteenth century, new versions of these animal stories are emerging. Howerver, the codes of full cycle are deeply different from the original Roman of Renart. The facetious fox became an abstraction personifying evil on earth and especially adventures are reinvested in a moral purpose. The fortune of this new vein is extraordinary because moralized stories of Reynard perpetuated until the sixteenth century. Edifying literature, often though of as weak stylistically, involves to reconsider the frontier of literariness. In this work, we want to examine the moral Reynard in the literature space between the thirteenth century to the early sixteenth century linked with the moral question. This study aims to characterize the moralizing studying the forms taken by a didactism that is largely based on the humanization and allegory of animal characters. We can see a rewriting which is a metamorphosis of the first renardian cycle. This is to show moral discourse and literary discourse overlap. The moralizing discourse of the adventures of fox are based on the anguish of the present. The vehicle at the authors, fear and revolt, is not restricted to nostalgia, but is deeply metaphysical. Thus, if anxiety takes the form of extreme melancholy, it is a melancholy actively turned against the fox, and a melancholy that tries to serve the salvation of souls. At the same time, we will characterize in these texts the moral and political satire

Ce travail propose d’étudier l’un des nombreux textes médiévaux portant sur le mythe de la guerre de Troie. Transmis à l’Occident médiéval non pas par le biais d’Homère mais par celui des classiques latins et de certains auteurs de l’Antiquité tardive, ce mythe connut un immense succès en Europe durant tout le Moyen Âge, malgré l’ignorance du grec et de l’Iliade. Nous avons choisi d’éditer partiellement et de commenter l’un des plus importants monuments de la matière troyenne médiévale, texte presque inédit aujourd’hui, car totalement délaissé depuis la Renaissance et le retour aux textes anciens. Dans une introduction, nous avons exposé les principes de notre travail d’édition, c'est-à-dire listé les différents manuscrits utilisés par l’éditeur précédent (Nathaniel Griffin), puis surtout présenté notre manuscrit de base, le Cod. Bodmer 78, absent de la liste des manuscrits collationnés par Griffin. Puis nous avons consacré un chapitre à la langue du texte, un latin médiéval très lisible quoiqu’empreint de « modernismes », notamment au niveau du lexique. Puis, après avoir présenté le texte, sa langue et notre méthode d’édition, nous avons exposé le peu d’éléments que nous avions sur notre auteur, sa vie, son œuvre et le contexte intellectuel au milieu duquel il évolua dans la Sicile du XIIIe siècle, ainsi que l’engouement européen pour la matière troyenne qui explique son choix de reprendre ce grand mythe dans son Historia. Enfin il nous a fallu évoquer les nombreuses sources utilisées par Guido delle Colonne, ses sources directes, indirectes ou inavouées. En dernier lieu, nous avons offert un résumé de chaque livre édité et traduit. Suit une bibliographie détaillée sur les manuscrits et éditions anciens de ce texte, des manuels, le contexte culturel et historique en Europe et en Sicile au Moyen Âge, les textes grecs, latins et vernaculaires se rapportant à la guerre de Troie et ayant influencé notre auteur de près ou de loin, les ouvrages critiques sur le traitement de cette matière troyenne dans l’Antiquité et au Moyen Âge, et enfin les quelques éléments bibliographiques portant sur Guido et sur son œuvre. Vient ensuite notre édition-traduction. La traduction est accompagnée d’un double apparat : un apparat des sources et réminiscences ainsi qu’un apparat critique qui prend en compte et compare les leçons contenues dans notre manuscrit de base avec les variantes citées par l’éditeur précédent dans les quelques manuscrits qu’il a utilisés. Au bas de la traduction, figurent des notes d’érudition destinées aux noms ou des faits cités dans le texte et qui méritent une explication. Après cette partie introduction philologique et édition, la deuxième grande partie de cette thèse consiste en un commentaire et des annexes. Dans notre commentaire, nous avons souhaité interroger notre texte dans ses aspects narratologiques, thématiques, génériques, linguistiques et idéologiques. C’est pourquoi nous avons consacré un premier chapitre à l’étude narratologique du texte, son contenu, son agencement, ses techniques narratives, son utilisation des sources et ses principales thématiques. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons abordé le genre et le ton de cette Historia, qui se veut un texte historique quoique traitant une matière fictionnelle puisque mythologique à une époque où les genres littéraires ne sont pas encore définis et encore moins cloisonnés ; nous avons en outre longuement commenté et illustré le choix de l’écriture en prose et en latin à une époque où la mode est au vers et au vernaculaire. Enfin, notre troisième chapitre porte sur le contenu scientifique, politique et idéologique de ce texte truffé de parenthèses érudites et morales. En dernier lieu, nous avons proposé une édition diplomatique de la partie non éditée ni traduite du manuscrit, ainsi que des annexes sur les manuscrits et le vocabulaire, et bien sûr des index des noms propres et un glossaire des mots rares ou surprenants
This work proposes to explore one of the many medieval texts on the myth of the Trojan War. Transmitted to medieval Europe not through Homer but by the Latin classics and some authors of late Antiquity, this myth was a huge success in Europe during the middle Ages, despite the ignorance of the Greek and the Iliad. We chose to partially edit and comment on one of the most important monuments of the medieval Trojan material, almost unpublished text today because totally abandoned since the Renaissance and the return to the ancient texts. In an introduction, we exposed the principles of our editing work, that is to say, listed the various manuscripts used by the original publisher (Nathaniel Griffin) and especially presented our basic manuscript, Cod. Bodmer 78, absent from the list of manuscripts collated by Griffin. Then we have a chapter on the language of the text, a medieval Latin highly readable although full of "modernism", particularly in terms of vocabulary. Then, after introducing the text, the language and our editing method, we exposed the little things we had on our author, his life, his work and the intellectual context in which he evolved in thirteenth century Sicily, and the European craze for the Trojan material explains his choice to take this great myth in his Historia. Then, we had to mention the many sources used by Guido delle Colonne, its indirect or direct or unacknowledged sources. Lastly, we provided a summary of each book published and translated. Then follows a detailed bibliography on manuscripts and old editions of this text, textbooks, historical and cultural context in Europe and Sicily in the Middle Ages, the Greek texts, Latin and vernacular related to the Trojan War and that influenced our author near or far, the critical works on the treatment of this Trojan material in antiquity and the Middle Ages, and finally some bibliographic elements on Guido and his work. Then comes our edition-translation. The translation is accompanied by a double pageantry: one for the sources and reminiscences, and a critical apparatus that considers and compares the lessons contained in our manuscript with basic variants cited by the previous editor in some manuscripts that he used. At the bottom of the translation include scholarly notes for names or facts mentioned in the text and deserve an explanation. After this introduction and part philological edition, the second major part of this thesis consists of a comment and annexes. In our review, we wanted to examine our text in its narratological, thematically, linguistic, generic and ideological aspects. That is why we have devoted the first chapter to the narratological study of the text, its content, its layout, its narrative techniques, use of sources and its main themes. In a second part, we discussed the type and tone of the Historia, which intends to be a historical text while attending a fictional material since mythological, at a time when genres are not yet defined and less compartmentalized; we have also commented extensively and illustrated the choice of writing in prose and Latin at a time when fashion is to poetry and vernacular. In the end, our third chapter focuses on the scientific, political and ideological content of this text peppered with parentheses and moral scholars. Finally, we proposed a diplomatic edition of the unedited or translated part of the manuscript, as well as appendices on manuscripts and vocabulary, and of course the name index and a glossary of rare or surprising words

Filha de D. Pedro III de Aragão, esposa do Rei D. Dinis, sexto rei de Portugal, Isabel de Aragão, canonizada pela Igreja Católica, foi objeto de inúmeros estudos de cariz historiográfico, assim como biografias e romances históricos sobre a sua vida. Tendo em conta que a contemporaneidade continua à procura de figuras e mitos medievais, o romance histórico e as biografias promovem narrativas sobre este período, reconstruindo e relevando o passado histórico. Pretende-se neste estudo apresentar uma visão comparativa do que sobre a rainha Santa Isabel foi veiculado por quatro obras: o texto editado em 1921 por José Joaquim Nunes, Vida e Milagres de Dona Isabel, Rainha de Portugal; o romance de Vitorino Nemésio, Isabel de Aragão Rainha Santa, editado em 2002; a biografia de Maria Filomena Andrade, com o título Isabel de Aragão Rainha Santa, Mãe Exemplar, de 2014; e, por último, o romance histórico de 2016, de Isabel Machado, A Rainha Santa. Tentámos reconstruir uma imagem desta personalidade, focando a sua dupla faceta, histórica e literária / mítica. Neste sentido, analisámos, sobretudo, a forma como a Literatura se apropriou dos dados históricos, apresentando as diferentes descrições que os autores elaboraram sobre os acontecimentos vividos pela Rainha Santa Isabel, de modo a apreciar a originalidade de cada autor na sua abordagem à vida da mesma.
Daughter of King D. Pedro III of Aragon and wife to the sixth King of Portugal D. Dinis, Isabel of Aragon, canonized by the Catholic Church, has been the subject of innumerable historiographical studies, as well as biographies and historical novels about her life. Taking into account that contemporaneity is still looking for medieval figures and myths, both historical novels and biographies promote various narratives about this period, reconstructing and highlighting the historical past. This survey intends to present a comparative vision about Queen Saint Isabel, as was conveyed by four works: the text edited in 1921 by José Joaquim Nunes Vida e Milagres de Dona Isabel, Rainha de Portugal (Life and Miracles of Dona Isabel, Queen of Portugal); the romance by Vitorino Nemésio Isabel de Aragão rainha Santa (Isabel of Aragon Holy Queen), edited in 2002; the 2014 biography by Maria Filomena Andrade intitled Isabel de Aragão Rainha Santa, Mãe Exemplar (Isabel of Aragon Holy Queen, Exemplary Mother); and, finaly, the 2016 historical romance by Isabel Machado A Rainha Santa (The Holy Queen). We have tried to rebuild an image of this personality, focusing on her double facet, historical and fictional / mythic. In this sense, we have analyzed, above all, the way Literature has appropriated historical data, presenting the different authors’ descriptions about the events Queen Saint Isabel had lived through, in order to appreciate the originality of the various authors in their approach to her life.

Le tournant des XXe et XXIe siècles coïncide avec l’essor de la littérature fantasy, héritière de nombreuses formes littéraires et cinématographiques. Plusieurs œuvres de ce corpus récent procèdent au renouvellement des paramètres conventionnels de la fantasy. Pierre Bottero prend part à cet effort par le truchement de la figure singulière d’une femme, Ellana, appartenant à la guilde des marchombres, et dont la quête de liberté renvoie à la recherche de dépassement de l’auteur. Après l’écriture de La Quête d’Ewilan (2003) et Les Mondes d’Ewilan (2005), Bottero se détourne en effet de la tradition tolkiénienne et de la légende arthurienne afin de mettre au point Le Pacte des marchombres, une trilogie qui relate l’émancipation du personnage d’Ellana par sa pratique d’une écriture « poétique ». Le présent mémoire explore les potentialités de l’écriture fantasy qui se déploient au sein du récit Ellana (2006), premier volet de la dernière trilogie de Bottero. Ellana relève d’une pratique particulière de l’écriture transfictionnelle – le prequel – qui s’effectue à rebours. Bottero substitue à la figure de Merlin, mythe fondateur de ses premières trilogies, celle d’Ellana, qui en vient à jouer un rôle central au sein du cycle alavirien. Nous mettons en relief les principaux traits du genre fantasy dans le but d’identifier les topoï qu’Ellana reconduit ou transgresse. Parallèlement, nous procédons à l’étude de l’imaginaire bottérien dont la figure d’Ellana est tributaire. En faisant de la protagoniste une figure mythique, l’auteur construit l’image d’un féminin à la fois sauvage et gracieux que rien n’empêche de vivre indépendamment des hommes.
Fantasy literature, heiress of many literary and cinematographic forms, has developed rapidly at the turn of the XXth and XXIst centuries. In this recent corpus, several works concur to the renewal of the conventional parameters of fantasy. Pierre Bottero takes part in this joint action through a singular feminine figure, Ellana, who belongs to the marchombre guild, and whose freedom quest refers to the author’s goal to dispel the commonplaces of fantasy genre. Indeed, after the writing of La Quête d’Ewilan (2003) and Les Mondes d’Ewilan (2005), Bottero moves away from tolkienian tradition and arthurian legend in order to create Le Pacte des marchombres, a trilogy relating the emancipation of Ellana’s figure by the way of a “poetical” writing practice. This thesis searches for fantasy writing’s potentialities that are observable in the book Ellana (2006), first volume of Bottero’s final trilogy. Ellana comes under a particular transfictional writing practice – the prequel – that is done back to front. While the first trilogies of Bottero are based on Merlin’s myth, the author changes the focus to Ellana’s figure who plays a pivotal role in the alavirian cycle. We highlight the main features of the fantasy genre with the aim to identify the topoï that Ellana renews or infringes. At the same time, we set about studying the botterian imaginary that Ellana’s figure is dependent on. By turning the protagonist into a mythical figure, the author builds the image of a wild yet graceful feminine that nothing prevents from living apart from men.