Academic literature on the topic 'Medieval onomastics'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Medieval onomastics.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Medieval onomastics"

1

Kiss, Jenő, László Solymosi, and Kornél Szovák. "Fehértói Katalin „Árpád-kori személynévtár (1000–1301)” című munkájáról – a nyelvészet, a történettudomány és a középlatin filológia szemszögéből." Névtani Értesítő 27 (2005): 260–70. https://doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2005.33.

Full text
Abstract:
On the "Onomasticon of Personal Names of the Age of the Arpads (1000–1301)" by Katalin Fehértói – from the point of view of linguistics, history and philology of medieval Latin The Onomasticon by Katalin Fehértói presents the personal names of the Hungarian Middle Ages in an outstanding and exemplary manner. The onomasticon draws upon the material of medieval charters and other historical sources using the evidences provided by place-names and references to persons. The 9500 entries of the onomasticon contain 38,000 personal name forms including all the variants of spelling and pronunciation e
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Uckelman, Sara L., and Mariann Slíz. "Többnyelvű névtani lexikográfia: a Dictionary of Medieval Names from European Sources elnevezésű nemzetközi szótári projekt." Névtani Értesítő 37 (December 30, 2015): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2015.15.

Full text
Abstract:
The paper discusses the international project entitled Dictionary of Medieval Names from European Sources, initiated by European researchers. The authors enumerate the reasons for and the aims of the establishment of this online onomasticon; its contents, structure and technical background are revealed; the editorial guidelines are also presented (with special emphasis on explaining the method of crowd-sourcing, documentation and attribution). The paper underlines the significance of the dictionary, as it can be used in different fields (by linguists, sociologists, historians and the general p
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

TOMESCU, Domnița. "LATINISATION DES NOMS PERSONNELS DANS LES ACTES ADMINISTRATIFS MÉDIÉVAUX." Studii și cercetări de onomastică și lexicologie 28, no. 1-2 (2022): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/scol.2021.1-2.10.

Full text
Abstract:
"Our paper presents the historical formation process of the official Romanian anthroponymic system, established in the first documents of the 11th-14th centuries, written in the language of the administration (medieval Latin). We have noticed the Latinization of written anthroponymic forms, in fact a formal adaptation to the system of the medieval Latin language and onomastics, by the modification in a Latinizing manner of the indigenous onomastic forms in oral circulation. The baptismal names attributed to people identified by their explicit Romanian ethnicity, mentioned in administrative act
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kyurshunova, Irina A. "Historical Onomasticon: On the Problem of Lexicographic Description of Anthroponyms. Review of the book: Kuznetsov, A. V. (2020). Narodnyi imenoslov Russkogo Severa XV–XVII vekov: proiskhozhdenie imen (prozvishch), otchestv, nazvanii dereven’ [Folk Name Book of the Russian North of the 15th–17th Centuries: The Origin of Names (Nicknames), Patronymics, Village Names] (2 vols.). Vologda: VOUNB. 185 + 184 pp." Вопросы Ономастики 19, no. 3 (2022): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2022.19.3.042.

Full text
Abstract:
The reviewed two-volume dictionary by Alexander V. Kuznetsov refers to historical onomasticon featuring names (nicknames), patronymics, names of villages attested, in handwritten and published business monuments of the pre-national period and related to the territory of the Russian North. To date, the “Folk Name Book of the Russian North” is the most comprehensive lexicographic volume in terms of the data span, composition, and the source base, which is its main advantage and testifies to the author’s meticulous approach to material collection. The onomastic data introduced by the author have
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

BRAJOVIĆ, Zarija. "ON THE STRUCTURE OF COMPOUNDS IN MEDIEVAL ALBANIAN ONOMASTICS." Lingua Montenegrina 13, no. 1 (2014): 131–38. https://doi.org/10.46584/lm.v13i1.387.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Komilova, Muxtaramkhon. "Analysis of Literary and Historical Approaches to Onomastics." International Journal of Pedagogics 5, no. 5 (2025): 360–61. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/volume05issue05-94.

Full text
Abstract:
This article analyzes A. Fowler’s “Literary Names”, C. Clark’s research on medieval English surnames and place names, and E. Ekwall’s studies on English toponymy. Within the scope of literary and historical onomastics, the importance of personal and geographical names in social, cultural, and historical contexts is explored. The authors examine the origins, etymology, and semantic aspects of character names, surnames, and place names in detail.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Nichols, Stephen G. "Writing the New Middle Ages." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 120, no. 2 (2005): 422–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081205x52392.

Full text
Abstract:
Medieval studies are big—in fact, have rarely been livelier … or more controversial. This energy has succeeded in breaching the ramparts that traditionally divided the field into a series of vigorously defended fiefs. In a word, the discipline has gone interdisciplinary. Visual literacy, patristics, modal logic, grammar, rhetoric, onomastics, philosophical anthropology, sociology, historiography, linguistics, codicology, vernacular literature, classical and medieval Latin thought and letters, philology, and myriad other subsets conjugate in dizzying and unexpected configurations to produce exc
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

I. Palange and А. Tsvetkova. "NAMING SYSTEMS IN EVGENII VODOLAZKIN’S «LAVR» THROUGH THE LENS OF MEDIEVAL FOLK TRADITION." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Philology series, no. 1.2023 (March 31, 2023): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/jisf2647.

Full text
Abstract:
"The following article will analyze the development of the protagonist of Evgenii Vodolazkin’s novel, Lavr, who is a boy growing up in the author’s imagined, syncretic medieval period, as he undergoes several namings and renamings throughout the course of the plot. During the Russian Middle Ages, one’s name performed a protective and fate-defining role, while also situating its bearer within a framework of familial and religious tradition, thereby strengthening both horizontal ties to other individuals and vertical ties to a divine power. Following Erich Auerbach’s theory of figural interpreta
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Lopetegui Semperena, Guadalupe. "La notación de onomástica no latina en diplomas del monasterio de Irache: usos fonográficos e influencia de la tradición gramatical." Cuadernos de Filología Clásica. Estudios Latinos 43, no. 2 (2024): 275–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/cfcl.92766.

Full text
Abstract:
The notation of non-Latin onomastics in diplomas from the monastery of Irache: phonographic uses and the influence of the grammatical traditionEl objetivo de este trabajo es abordar el poligrafismo de los diplomas medievales desde la perspectiva de la formación gramatical adquirida por los escribas en materia de escritura y pronunciación. Para ello, se seleccionan, en primer lugar, pasajes de obras gramaticales tardo-antiguas y medievales relativos a la escritura y a la pronunciación con el fin de precisar las reglas fonográficas que constituirían la competencia gramatical básica de los escrib
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kenyhercz, Róbert. "A Szepes vármegyére vonatkozó középkori oklevelek filológiai tanulságai." Magyar Nyelvjárások 58 (2020): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30790/mnyj/2020/04.

Full text
Abstract:
Philological Findings from the Historical Linguistic Study of Medieval Charters from Szepes County My paper introduces the philological findings derived from the linguistic analy-sis of medieval charters for Szepes County. During the discussion of various fac-tors, my ultimate objective is to find out how the proper name data of the charters may be used for the purposes of research in historical linguistics and onomastics. Although the observations and hypotheses are based on the study of sources from Szepes specifically, I believe that the issues addressed in my paper also carry broader relev
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medieval onomastics"

1

Justice, Jennifer. "(N)Onomastics and Malory: Anonymity and Female Characters in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte D'arthur." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/955.

Full text
Abstract:
This dissertation examines the approximately 700 anonymous female characters who appear in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte D'Arthur, expanding the possibilities for how gender roles might be interpreted based on a wider range of female roles. Primary named female characters such as Guinevere and Morgan Le Fay perform more stereotypical functions in the text as created and limited by the Arthurian literary tradition, but a significant portion of the nameless female characters challenge these assumptions. Malory uses many of these anonymous women to perform actions which are often attributed to mal
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Hicks, Davyth A. "Language history and onomastics in medieval Cumbria : an analysis of the generative usage of the Cumbric habitative generics cair and tref." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534035.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Neidorf, Leonard. "The Origins of Beowulf: Studies in Textual Criticism and Literary History." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11366.

Full text
Abstract:
Beowulf is preserved in a single manuscript written out around the year 1000, but there are many reasons to believe that the poem was composed several centuries before this particular act of manual reproduction. Most significantly, the meter of Beowulf reveals that the poet regularly observed distinctions of etymological length that became phonologically indistinct before 725 in Mercia. This dissertation gauges the explanatory power of the hypothesis that Beowulf was composed about three centuries before the production of the extant manuscript. The following studies test the hypothesis of arch
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lefebvre, Ariane. "« en la ramembrance de la haute renommee du bon roi Artu » : un faux départ arthurien ? Étude des noms propres et des désignations dans Artus de Bretagne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REN20046.

Full text
Abstract:
En tant que vecteurs de matières narratives, les noms propres constituent les premiers indices de l'appartenance d'une œuvre à un univers de fiction. Ils conditionnent un horizon d'attente, font naître chez le lecteur le souvenir de récits antérieurs, issus de traditions tant orales qu' écrites. Si ses témoins manuscrits et éditions anciennes le nomment Artus le Restoré ou Le Petit Artus de Bretaigne, et si la critique moderne lui attribue le titre Artus de Bretagne, c'est que le roman tardif (vers 1300) examiné ici se revendique de l'univers arthurien grâce à des noms comme Arthur, Lancelot e
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Medieval onomastics"

1

George, Beech, Bourin Monique 1944-, and Chareille Pascal, eds. Personal names studies of medieval Europe: Social identity and familial structures. Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Pierre, Beguin, and Cetedoc, eds. Thesaurus Fontium Franciscanorum: Formae et lemmata : enumeratio lemmatum et formarum, index lemmatum a tergo ordinatorum, tabulae frequentiarum, onomasticon, index formarum et lemmatum, index formarum a tergo ordinatarum, concordantia lemmatum et formarum. Brepols, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ingraham, Holly. People's names: A cross-cultural reference guide to the proper use of over 40,000 personal and familial names in over 100 cultures. McFarland & Co., 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Personal Names Studies of Medieval Europe: Social Identity and Familial Structures (Studies in Medieval Culture). Medieval Institute Publications, 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

(Editor), George Beech, Monique Bourin (Editor), and Pascal Chareille (Editor), eds. Personal Names Studies of Medieval Europe: Social Identity and Familial Structures (Studies in Medieval Culture). Medieval Institute Publications, 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ormrod, W. Mark, Joanna Story, and Elizabeth M. Tyler, eds. Migrants in Medieval England, c. 500-c. 1500. British Academy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266724.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
This book is a ground-breaking study of the phenomenon of migration in and to England over the medieval millennium, between c. AD 500 and c. AD 1500. It reaches across traditional scholarly divides, both disciplinary and chronological, to investigate, for the first time, the different types of data and scholarly methods that reveal evidence of migration and mobility within the medieval kingdom of England. England offers the opportunity for studying migration and migrants over the longue durée, because it has been a recognisable political unit for over a millennium and because a wealth of sourc
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

L'interpretatio nominis nelle commedie elegiache latine del XII e XIII secolo. 2nd ed. Fondazione Centro italiano di studi sull'alto Medioevo, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Names and Naming In 'Beowulf': Studies in Heroic Narrative Tradition. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2020.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Medieval onomastics"

1

Russell, Paul. "12. Facing Different Ways: the Onomastics of People in Medieval Brittany." In Medieval Texts and Cultures of Northern Europe. Brepols Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tcne-eb.5.132317.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Malti-Douglas, Fedwa. "The Interrelationship of Onomastic Elements: Isms, Dîn-Names and Kunyas in the Ninth Century A.H." In Power, Marginality, and the Body in Medieval Islam. Routledge, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003159735-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Milazzo, Marta, and Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio. "The First Tile for the Digital Onomastic Repertoire of the French Medieval Romance: Problems and Perspectives." In Linking Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43849-3_29.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Farrier, Susan E. "Onomastics." In The Medieval Charlemagne Legend. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429261800-10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

"Etymological Proximities and Onomastics: From Aristotle to Ammonius of Hermeias." In Ancient and Medieval Greek Etymology. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110714876-003.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Di Clemente, Valeria. "La « Déclaration d’Arbroath » : aspects historico-culturels et onomastiques, et perspectives didactiques." In Onomastics in Interaction With Other Branches of Science. Volume 3. Proceedings of the 27th International Congress of Onomastic Sciences General and Applied Onomastics. Literary Onomastics. Chrematonomastics. Reports. Jagiellonian University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/k7478.47/22.23.17736.

Full text
Abstract:
The Declaration of Arbroath: Historical, cultural and onomastic aspects and educational perspectives Abstract The so-called “Declaration of Arbroath”, whose 700th anniversary was celebrated in 2020, represents an extraordinary document both in Scottish history and for Scottish culture. The “Declaration”, an official letter produced by Robert the Bruce’s chancery and sent to Pope John XXII in the late spring or early summer of 1320, is an appeal made by around 50 Scottish aristocrats. The legendary origins of the Scottish people are recalled in the letter, as well as the English occupation afte
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kregždys, Rolandas. "Etymological Analysis of the Mythonym OPr. Patollo." In Onomastics in Interaction With Other Branches of Science. Volume 3. Proceedings of the 27th International Congress of Onomastic Sciences General and Applied Onomastics. Literary Onomastics. Chrematonomastics. Reports. Jagiellonian University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/k7478.47/22.23.17739.

Full text
Abstract:
Referring to etymological analysis, the author of this article presents a new hypothesis concerning the origin of the Old Prussian (OPr.) mythological name Patollo ‘a deity of the dead’ found in “Prussian Chronicle” (“Preussische Chronik”) written by the Dominican priest, Simon Grunau. It is to be assumed that the form patollum, earlier recorded in the fragment of “Collatio Episcopi Warmiensis facta coram Summo pontifice per dominum Andream plebanum in Danczk” (1418), was erroneously ascribed to theonyms by Grunau. The analysis refers to the description of derivatives and semantic development
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

McClure, Peter. "Personal Names as Evidence for Migrants and Migration in Medieval England." In Migrants in Medieval England, c. 500-c. 1500. British Academy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266724.003.0005.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter examines the extent to which given names (birth names) and second names (bynames and hereditary surnames) can reliably indicate the origins or ethnicity of individual migrants between the ninth and the fifteen centuries, and how such names may be used en masse to reveal migration patterns, whether they reflect military conquest, international trade or population movements within England itself. Particular attention is given to the names of Vikings, Normans, Flemings and Jews, among others, and to questions of social class and gender. A central theme is the sometimes complex, ambig
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Kenyhercz, Róbert. "On the Place Names of the Old Spiš County." In Onomastics in Interaction With Other Branches of Science Volume 1 Keynote Lectures Toponomastics. Jagiellonian University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/k7501.45/22.23.18061.

Full text
Abstract:
The old Spiš county was one of the northernmost counties of the medieval Hungarian kingdom, located right on the border of the Polish kingdom. In this paper, I give an overview of the place name system of this area. The organization of the county dates back to the beginning of the 13th century, and although archaeological findings indicate that some parts of the area had been inhabited earlier, our place-name data have only survived from that period. Between the 13th century and the end of the Middle Ages, Spiš was a multilingual area where Slavs, Hungarians and Germans lived side by side and
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Peeters, Leopold. "Merovingian Foxes and The Medieval Reynard." In Palaeogermanica et onomastica. BRILL, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004654372_017.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Medieval onomastics"

1

Tomescu, Domniţa. "Multicultural references in Romanian anthroponomy of medieval Transylvania." In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/26.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper analyzes medieval onomastics in the Romanian historical province of Transylvania (11th–14th centuries), a multicultural area, corresponding to the ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity of the population. The different ethnic communities are ruled by a unique administrative authority, but the multicultural environment exercises a major influence on the personal names of each ethnic group by distinguishing the names according to several aspects: ethnic criteria, the manifestation of unilateral or reciprocal onomastic influences, the adaptation of borrowed names to the specificity
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kenyhercz, Róbert. "Interpretation of data and sources in etymological research." In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/39.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of the paper is to emphasize the importance of source criticism in etymological research. It is widely known that the main sources for the early history of toponyms in the Carpathian Basin are the charters created in the medieval Hungarian Kingdom, because these official documents contained a large number of vernacular proper names embedded in the Latin text. However, it is important to mention that the medieval charters were produced by the chancery and places of authentication along specific principles and needs. I argue that this circumstance must always be considered during the int
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Slíz, Mariann. "Between East and West. The influence of the cults of saints on personal name-giving in medieval Hungary." In The Fourth International Conference on Onomastics „Name and Naming”, Sacred and Profane in Onomastics. Editura Mega, Editura Argonaut, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn4/2017/28.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Bölcskei, Andrea. "Names of hotels, hostels and rental properties for tourists in downtown Budapest." In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/48.

Full text
Abstract:
The paper discusses how multiculturalism is realized in the present-day onomastic landscape when hotels, hostels and lodgings for tourists are named in the downtown of Hungary’s capital. Based on names collected from online maps and popular websites offering accommodation, the author explores some characteristic features of these urban names (e.g. the frequent use of peculiar generic terms and the presence of additional components in the name forms referring to hotel chains, themes or services). Special attention is paid to semantics (e.g. specifiers indicating the location, the surroundings,
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Navarro‑Gómez, Pere, and Sílvia Veà-Vila. "Multiculturalism and onomastics in the comarcas along the lower course of the river Ebro." In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/42.

Full text
Abstract:
This study analyses the names of places and people of diverse origins collected from the documents which outline the territory from the mouth of the river Ebro (running into the sea) in Catalonia, and the adjacent part of the Aragon strip. These place names and anthroponyms are based on Latin onomastics, influenced by the Arabization of the Iberian Peninsula which occurred in the eighth century and the subsequent cultural and linguistic Catalanization. It is possible to observe that the primitive Latin element is evident in names of Mozarabic origin, and that there are many Arab, and some Hebr
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Tomoiagă, Ligia. "Names of characters in Game of Thrones: for and against multiculturalism." In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/80.

Full text
Abstract:
The Game of Thrones is one of the most popular shows in the world, with numerous audiences since it has been translated into many languages. Like any other such show, the reactions to it function like mirrors of contemporary themes and obsessions. As with most aspects of culture today, ideologues of all types – Marxists, conservatives, traditionalists, Critical Race Theory activists, intersectionalists, feminists, and others – always try to use such widely popular shows to illustrate their ideas and push their agendas. Some aspects of Songs of Ice and Fire have triggered debates on the issue o
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Tomescu, Domnița. "Raportul dintre sacru și profan în antroponimia românească medievală (sec. 15–17)." In The Fourth International Conference on Onomastics „Name and Naming”, Sacred and Profane in Onomastics. Editura Mega, Editura Argonaut, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn4/2017/31.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Chircu, Adrian. "Antroponimia Hatzegasiensis medievalia et praemoderna. Observaţii asupra numelor de persoană româneşti din Condica Haţegului." In The Fourth International Conference on Onomastics „Name and Naming”, Sacred and Profane in Onomastics. Editura Mega, Editura Argonaut, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn4/2017/4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!