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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medieval Terms and phrases'
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Chang, Lui, and 張蕾. "The separable words in modern Chinese language =." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37737922.
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Kwiatek, Ewelina. "Contrastive analysis of English and Polish surveying terminology." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678421.
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Presents a study of surveying terminology, which may be considered as an under-researched area when compared to legal, medical or business terminologies, focusing on English and Polish. This book provides a wide picture of surveying terminology by looking at problems that diversified groups of users may identify. Kwiatek investigates how surveying terms are created and how they are named in English and Polish; she analyses the concept systems of the two languages with respect to surveying terminology; and she indicates the areas of surveying in which terminology and conceptual differences occur, the factors that trigger them and translation strategies which are used to solve them.
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Li, Suogui. "A cognitive approach to foreign-inspired Chinese terms." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/26322.
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This thesis has aimed to set out the classification and word production of foreign-inspired Chinese terms (FICT) within the language system of modern Chinese. FICT refers to a group of vocabulary items in Chinese as a recipient language, where formation is motivated by foreign entities or concepts and designated by some foreign words, but no established foreign elements are in fact transferred from the donor language. The thesis establishes a group of terms identified as a particular category of Chinese borrowings according to the motivation of word production, concerning human bodily perception and cognition experience of foreign entities or concepts. Chinese borrowing is categorized as four types: phonic loans, semantic loans, loan blends and FICT, based on the motivation of sound, form and meaning of foreign words, and sensory perception and cognition of foreign entities and concepts. Cognitive semantics, adopted as an approach in the thesis, is a study of mind and its relationship with embodied experience and culture. Employing language as a key methodological tool for uncovering conceptual organization and structure, this study explores the methods of FICT word production, such as sensory perceptual and metaphorical production in terms of principles of cognitive semantics within the Chinese language system. The various types of Chinese borrowings are analysed in terms of the theory of categorization, and FICT in particular are examined under the semantic model proposed here. It is hoped that the thesis is able to open a new approach to the investigation of Chinese loan words and the process of FICT word production within cognitive semantics.
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Thomas, Patricia C. "Orientation in multiple lexical terms and verb phrases : a model for special language combinants." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844287/.
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The theme of this thesis is the 'orientation' of multiple lexical terms and special language verb phrases. Orientation is a necessary step for two main reasons: ascertaining the most logical placing of multiple lexical terms and special language verb phrases (combinants) in a dictionary; providing the most apposite terminological and terminographical background data for a multiple lexical term or phrase, these data being determined by the subject field of the text in which the term or phrase appears. The research has drawn together aspects such as collocation and valency, and analyses of corpora have resulted in the development of a model for special language verb phrases in English and French which it is proposed can be applied and adapted to different specialised subject fields. Past research into special language verb phrases has been sparse and, in contrast to general language, it does not appear that a model pertaining to this construction has been developed previously. Of additional novelty is the application of the model to special language verb phrases in French, because it is hoped that the results will act as a precursor for a dictionary of verb collocations in that language. It is intended that the results of the research will benefit: learners of a foreign language who may become translators, to enable them to seek a term or phrase easily and efficiently; subject specialists who prepare papers in a language which is not their mother tongue; technical writers; pre-editors of texts for machine translation; terminographers who need guidelines for entering compound terms and phrases in: (i) printed dictionaries and (ii) computerised systems such as terminology data banks (term banks). The results are supported by statistical data acquired from the compilation by the author of two special language corpora, one in English and the other in French, of restricted areas of virology and bacteriology.
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Cranmer, Laila. "Terminology and Compound nouns in a translation of a financial text." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-23752.
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Scholar, Richard. "The je-ne-sais-quoi : the word and its pre-history, 1580-1680." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:448f7fcf-a1c2-4c57-afd7-a5bc3a2becad.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the je-ne-sais-quoi through its history and its pre-history. When we are moved by something we cannot identify, but whose effects we cannot fail to recognize, how should we try and come to terms with our experience? The je-ne-sais-quoi rises to prominence as a keyword in such discussions during the period studied. This thesis offers the first full-length study of the word and its significance to literary and philosophical writing of that period. It traces its precursors, its rise as a noun in mid-seventeenth-century France and England, and its fall from grace. Previous historical work has generally restricted the word's application to aesthetics; this study examines its significance in the philosophy of nature and the passions as well as culture. It combines historical method and philosophical enquiry to inform the close analysis of examples. The aim is to consider what the je-ne-sais-quoi is and how it finds expression in writing. A fourfold thesis is proposed, (i) The lexical je-ne-sais-quoi, in its core meaning, refers to an inexplicable force with sudden and vital effects, (ii) This force remains ever on the move by unsettling sedimented words, passing through current ones, and abandoning these as they too undergo sedimentation, (iii) The word history of the je-ne-sais-quoi,/em> encapsulates this movement. The term is first used to unsettle its semantic precursors (by Descartes and others), becomes current in writing of the mid-seventeenth century (that of Corneille and Pascal in particular), but soon settles into the sediment of polite culture (as Méré, Bouhours, and English Restoration comedy show), (iv) Returning the word to the mobile non-substantival forms of its pre-history in Montaigne, to whom a chapter-length study is devoted, uncovers a form of writing that captures the force of the je-ne-sais-quoi better than the settled word itself. The task of literature is to lend form to the je-ne-sais-quoi by naming it in its inexplicable reality and by describing how it falls, like a disaster, into our experience.
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Landman, Kie-Mari, Linda Loretta Kwatsha, and PR Otto. "Die hantering van etikette in woordeboeke, met spesiale verwysing na Xhosa-woordeboeke." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21845.
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The researcher’s decision to study the labelling of lexical items in dictionaries was prompted by the frustration experienced with subjective labelling in Afrikaans and English dictionaries. Some lexicographers rely too much on their subjective judgement when it comes to labelling lexical items. The problem with this is that the different dictionaries often label the same word differently or that words in the same dictionary which should get the same label are labelled differently. The question arose as to what exactly constitutes the correct handling of labels, especially with regard to Xhosa dictionaries. The search for an answer to achieve this aim dictated the necessity to examine the essence of the concept “label” in order to establish criteria for evaluating the effective usage of labels, because as Harteveld (1993:143) stated: “…the incorrect treatment of labels or the lack thereof can have important implications for a dictionary”. Since the hypothesis of this study is that it is possible to use labels objectively and correctly it is therefore possible to establish criteria that can be used to achieve this end. A literature review was undertaken to identify criteria for the handling of labels. Fieldwork with the aid of a questionnaire was conducted to supplement the establishment of such criteria. A number of criteria for handling labels was determined. Each criterion was discussed and its implementation was practically demonstrated by means of exemplars.
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Chiu, Aman Kaman. "Terminology management issue approach to standardization : an an@lysis [i.e. analysis] of Chinese IT terminology problems in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2000. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/346.
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Kavčič, Jerneja. "The syntax of the infinitive and the participle in early Byzantine Greek : an interpretation in terms of naturalness theory /." Ljubljana : Znanstvenoraziskovalni Inšt. Fil. Fak, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016144535&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Jiao, Nina, and 焦妮娜. "Lexical shortening in Chinese: a corpus-based, constraint-based, and cross-linguistic investigation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46081823.
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Jones, Ida Amelia. "Translating opinions an investigation into the effect of word choice on reader perception /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Greene, Corrie Werner. ""Litel kanstow devyne the curious bisynesse that we have"| Conflicting terms of marriage in Chaucer's Shipman's Tale." Thesis, Western Carolina University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1604277.
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<p> Chaucer bases the marriage in the Shipman’s Tale on the ethical and social systems of the medieval merchant class, yet criticism of the marriage and the wife’s extra-marital transaction especially, often falls squarely in the realm of ecclesiastical, moral ideology. A moral reading of the mercantile-based Shipman’s Tale presupposes that an accommodation can be negotiated between the mercantile and the ecclesiastical. I argue that Chaucer’s construction of marriage in the Shipman’s Tale allows for no accommodation. Chaucer creates a purely mercantile marriage that relies upon the ethical standards of business to determine its strength. This thesis examines the intersecting ecclesiastical and mercantile terms within the Shipman’s Tale. Chapter one examines the assertion that money perverts the marriage of the wife and the merchant. To refute these claims I examine the medieval church’s views on marriage, the Pauline “marriage debt,” adultery, and the conflicts within this ideal as they relate to and inform the marriage of the wife and merchant. The marriage between the merchant husband and his wife in the Shipman’s Tale is strengthened by its adherence to mercantile ethics, and stands as a legitimate partnership, not as a perversion. In Chapter two I focus on the determination that the wife in the Shipman’s Tale is “unfaithful, aggressively self-centered, and mercenary.” The particular assertion of “mercenary” interests me, since it is based on attempts to calculate a financial exchange rate in order to accuse the wife of over-selling herself to the monk. If the wife over-sells her body then she reaps a usurious profit, a practice condemned by both ecclesiastical and secular fourteenth-century courts. I analyze terms and financial transactions specific to usury and find that the wife conducts an ethical trade based on fourteenth-century mercantile law. She trades her body for the amount of currency the market will bear, therefore she is free from the charges of mercenary over-selling and moves out of the shadow of her merchant husband and into the role of independent merchant. In Chapter three I confront the “redemptive innocence” extended to the merchant husband and the refusal to extend such redemption to the wife. I investigate the specific mercantile terms related to the bill of exchange model used by both the husband and wife in the Shipman’s Tale, in order to show that the wife in the Shipman’s Tale is an ethical merchant in her own right and therefore worthy of the same “redemptive innocence” offered to her husband. I conclude that the merchant’s marriage typifies the medieval mercantile business model, that ecclesiastical marriage ideology is incongruent to this business model, and that the wife’s movements must be evaluated under the terms of mercantile ethics. I find the wife in the Shipman’s Tale to be an ethical merchant and an exemplary participant in the mercantile marriage provided by the text.</p>
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Mousli, Mohammad M. "Insertion of English acronyms & single words/terms in Arabic translation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/743.
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Insertion of source text (henceforth: ST) acronyms and single words/terms (henceforth: item/s) into target text (henceforth: TT) is relatively, so far, a neglected issue in translation studies. In the case of translating a text from English into Modern Standard Arabic (henceforth MSA) in Australia, we are dealing with the issue of inserting an item of a source text (English source text, henceforth EST) into a target text (Arabic target text, henceforth ArTT). The ArTT has newly introduced items in their Roman Letters (henceforth R.I), The ArTT has newly introduced items in their Roman letters (henceforth R.I), transliterated and/or translated with or without being accompanied by their EST counterparts in R.I.
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Scheible, Colleen G. "THE USE OF SPATIAL, TEMPORAL, AND METAPHORICAL TERMS BY CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1556746121099907.
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Smolen, Carol Tueting. "Reconciliation of the Prostitute, Anchoress, and Wandering Shepherd: Coming to Terms with Self, Society, and the Divine in Thirteenth Century Iberia." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/446331.
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Spanish<br>Ph.D.<br>This doctoral dissertation examines the manifestation of Christian reconciliation in three thirteenth century literary works from the Iberian Peninsula and the island of Mallorca, then part of the Crown of Aragon. This study discusses interpretations of the term “reconciliation” and applies the term to each work with regard to three aspects: reconciliation of self with self, of self with society, and of self with the divine. Chapter 1 discusses the various connotations of the term “reconciliation.” It outlines reconciliation as a synonym of penance, as in the four-steps in the Catholic Sacrament of Penance, now referred to as the Sacrament of Reconciliation. It also discusses the related Pauline concept of reconciliation and Paul’s possible sources. Chapter 2 will analyze these three aspects of reconciliation in an anonymous thirteenth century Castilian work in verse: La Vida de Santa María Egipciaca, or the Life of Santa María, the Egyptian. The prepubescent Alexandrian prostitute has an epiphany outside a church in Jerusalem, realizes the error of her ways, repents at the moment of intersection between human activity and divine intervention, and changes how she views herself, interacts with society, and regards the connection between earthly life and divinity. Chapter 3 takes a look at Gonzalo de Berceo’s cuaderna vía poem, written in Castilian about 1250 , Vida de Santa Oria, the Life of Saint Oria, through the same three lenses of reconciliation. This time the female figure is the Egyptian’s polar opposite. Oria is a young anchoress who has behaved in a saintly way mortifying the flesh since childhood. It might seem that in her case there is no need of reconciliation with herself because her virtue exceeds that of the majority of humans around her. I posit that, even in her case, there is room for acceptance of inner conflict. In addition, Oria reconciles herself to society (which admires her but tries to pull her back toward Earth against her will) and to the divine (which promises she will receive what she most desires when God deems it time). Chapter 4 studies the Romanç d’Evast e Blaquerna, a prose work in Catalan which dates from 1283-85. This early text provides an opportunity to analyze not only the protagonist’s reconciliation with self, society, and the divine but also that of an array of fictional characters including family members, his potential fiancée and the many people he meets along his journey to become a hermit. Finally, the Epilogue suggests that the idealistic notion of reconciliation has already been put to practical use in modern times in large-scale conflicts within and across borders. Coming to terms and living peaceably with differences, even grave ones, was accomplished at moments in Medieval Iberia among the three monotheistic religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, and hope remains that such moments of peace will extend beyond borders and be found again today.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Chung, Ming-wai, and 鍾明慧. "The color word "hong" (red) and its combination in modernChinese language." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4514266X.
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Lam, Wun-yi Nicola, and 林莞爾. "A study of the color word "qing" and its combination." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48421728.
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This study aims at examining the use of color word “qing” and its combinations in Chinese language. “Qing” is one of the earliest appeared color words in Chinese language. It is a unique color word which can represent the colors of green, blue, black and white. Due to its complex meaning, it is difficult to understand which color does “qing” stand for in different cases. On the other hand, “qing” is a frequently used color word in both ancient and modern Chinese language. Words and phrases formed by “qing” can express symbolic meanings other than color.
To begin with, the first chapter introduces the research background, objectives and key points of the study. In the second chapter, the origin, inherent and extended meaning, as well as the combinations of “qing” and other color words will be analyzed.
Apart from their meanings, the grammatical characteristics are also important to a comprehensive study of “qing” and its combinations. In the third chapter, “qing” and its combinations will be discussed in the aspects of word-formation, syntactical functions and sentence structure.
The fourth chapter is about the usage and effect of “qing” and its combinations with regard to rhetoric. Examples of “qing” and its combinations which create specific rhetorical effects in Chinese literature were discussed.
The last chapter serves as a conclusion, highlighting the research results of this study. This dissertation attempts to discuss “qing” and its combinations in different angles to provide nutrition to the overall study of “qing”.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Chinese Language and Literature<br>Master<br>Master of Arts
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Luk, Ka-wai, and 陸家慧. "A study of the colour word "gold" and its combination = Yan se ci "jin" ji qi zu he yan jiu." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193560.
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“Gold” is a colour indicating the colour of an object. It is a unique colour word which represents the colour of gold. From ancient to the present, “gold” is a common Chinese word which is frequently used in the literature. Furthermore, “gold” is the symbol of goodness in the traditional Chinese society. Nowadays, “gold” represents noble, luxury, wealth, hope, etc in the cultural connotation.
This dissertation consists of five chapters. The first chapter introduces the research background, purpose of the topic and key points of the study.
The second chapter is divided into three parts. In the first part, it begins to look for the semantic origin of the colour word “gold” by analyzing its original meaning, aboriginal meaning and quotative meaning. In the second part, it demonstrates the development of cultural connotation in China and elaborates the cultural connotation in the present Chinese society. In the third part, the colour word “gold” is compared with the colour words “yellow” and “red” to identify their differences and similarities of cultural connotations.
In the third chapter, it mainly focuses on phraseology function of “gold” and its combinations. Meanwhile, the aspects of word-formation, syntactical functions, sentence structure of “gold” and its combinations will be discussed.
The fourth chapter analyzes the usage and effect of “gold” and its combinations with regard to rhetoric. It also illustrates and explains the features of usage and rhetorical effects on seven categories of figures of speech which are fairly typical.
The last chapter is the conclusion of the whole dissertation. “Gold” is a very unique colour word which differentiates from other colour words such as “red”, “yellow” and so on. “Gold” has been representing a positive image from the past, even nowadays, “gold” is still one of the most glamorous colours.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Chinese Language and Literature<br>Master<br>Master of Arts
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Malope, Nkhensani Lindiwe. "Yin'wana ya mitlhontlho eka theminoloji ya nawu wa vanhu : Hi ku kongomisa eka Xitsonga." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/955.
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Farrar, Jill M. "The glossary as fictocriticism a project & new moon through glass : a novel /." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/37798.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008.<br>A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Writing and Society Research Group in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.
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Nteso, Thato Natasha. "A critical analysis of online Sesotho ICT terminology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001654.
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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has taken over every aspect of our daily lives, from commerce to leisure and even culture. Today, mobile phones, desktop computers, hand-held devices, emails and the use of the internet have become a central part of our culture and society. ICT has made us a global society, where people can interact and communicate efficiently. In order for South Africa to be competitive in the global economy, it will need to develop a workforce with appropriate Information Technology skills. Of necessity, these skills will extend to using a computers and developing appropriate software and technical support skills (DOE, 2008). This thesis represents a critical analytical study in that it explores the online Sesotho Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It aims at analysing terminology development in this area. The study aims to determine how Sesotho and ICT correlate and how the linguistic aspect plays a role in online ICT terminology. The focus is not on creating new terms but to analyze the already existing ICT terms available, with regards to linguistic rules and principles and to critique if they are of quality. Furthermore, the thesis explores whether there are other strategies that can be used in the development of this terminology. It also seeks to determine if the terms are easily accessible to students and if they are used at all. Terms will be sourced from the Department of Arts and Culture ICT term list, and the focus will be on extracting only terms that have to do with computer literacy. Other online sources that list Sesotho equivalents will also be considered. The study also assesses the quality of the terms created by the Department of Arts and Culture (DAC) together with the Department of Communications (DOC) for a multilingual ICT terminology list. Furthermore, the thesis explores whether the Sesotho equivalents adhere to the linguistic rules and principles of the language. The other question asked is whether the terms are used by the intended users and if they are easily accessible to the speakers of the language. This entire aspect of the thesis speaks to the notion of the intellectualization of African languages and in this case Sesotho in particular. Not only does the thesis engage with computer literacy terminology, it also presents a detailed literature review of studies and work that has been done in this field. The thesis engagement is also done by linking the backdrop of the history of Sesotho and the Basotho peoples.
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Bokwe, Goliath Dumezweni. "Sarcasm, conflict and style in Mtywaku's plays." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002169.
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Magagane, Raesetja Linah. "The development and technologizing of selected Sepedi ICT terminology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002156.
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It is my wish that the Sepedi language speakers, through the development and technologization of certain Sepedi ICT terminology, are able to operate a computer in their own language, and implement the new developed and technologized ICT terminology (technologization). The pupils and students at their various institutions should be made comfortable in using the developed and technologized Sepedi language terminology. In the long run the Sepedi language speakers should be ensured access to the web in order to find information about Sepedi language, culture and terms in disciplines such as ICT. It is recommended in this thesis that higher learning institutions offer bursaries to students to develop all South African languages in such a manner that they can be used in all high status functions.
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Sargent, Marilyn Jane. "Indian English: Is it "bad" or "baboo" or is it Indianized so that it is able to deal with the unique subject matter of India?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/563.
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Brashi, Abbas S. "Arabic collocations : implications for translations." Thesis, View thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20062.
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The subject of collocability has been a common concern among linguists, lexicographers, and language pedagogues recently. They find the linguistic aspect of collocation interesting, because words due not exist in isolation from other words in a language. They exist with other words. In every language, the vocabulary consists of single words and multi-word expressions. Collocations are among those multi-word expressions. The aim of this thesis is to characterize collocations in the Arabic language, to devise a classification of the semantic and the distributional patterns of collocations in the Arabic language and to examine the problems encountered in translating English collocations into Arabic. This will require an analysis of the collocational patterns in both English and Arabic, a classification of the translation outcomes, and therefore, types of errors adopted by translators, an indication of how frequent and significant each error is, and an analysis of the causes of each error.
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周菲凡. "澳門吉祥語研究". Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1685131.
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王仰之. ""史記"複音詞研究". Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2267784.
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施雅旋. ""葡漢辭典"的漢語詞彙研究". Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1685139.
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Bostoen, Koen. "Etude comparative et historique du vocabulaire relatif à la poterie en Bantou." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211204.
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Le présent ouvrage envisage la présentation des conclusions comparatives résultant de l’inventaire systématique et de l’analyse linguistique du vocabulaire relatif à la poterie en bantou. À partir des données comparatives provenant de l’ensemble des langues bantoues actuellement documentées, l’organisation interne et l’évolution historique de ce domaine particulier de vocabulaire technique sont examinées. Portant sur la lexicologie diachronique, l’étude associe une approche onomasiologique et une approche sémasiologique. Non seulement plusieurs reconstructions formelles sont proposées à différents niveaux chronologiques et géographiques, mais ceux-ci font également l’objet d’une analyse sémantique approfondie. Les quatre chapitres de la thèse traitent du lexique portant sur cinq catégories conceptuelles majeures du champ sémantique en question :le travail de la poterie lui-même, l’artisan, les matières premières, les différents types de produits finis et enfin les procédés et outils typiques de la chaîne opératoire céramique. Les résultats obtenus sont confrontés aux modèles historiques et culturels apportés par les approches spécifiques aux études archéologiques et ethnoarchéologiques d’une part, et d’autre part, aux connaissances qui découlent de l’étude comparative du vocabulaire bantou relatif à d’autres techniques. Dans un cadre plus général, l’étude aboutit à quelques réflexions sur les rapports qu’entretiennent les langues et les cultures de même qu’à quelques propositions en vue de l’approfondissement de la méthode ‘Wörter und Sachen’. Ainsi, elle met en lumière certains traits méthodologiques spécifiques à l’exploitation des vocabulaires techniques dans la reconstruction de l’histoire très ancienne des sociétés dépourvues de traditions écrites et de vestiges iconographiques.<br>Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation linguistique<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Li, Suogui, University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, and School of Humanities and Languages. "A cognitive approach to foreign-inspired Chinese terms." 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/26322.
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This thesis has aimed to set out the classification and word production of foreign-inspired Chinese terms (FICT) within the language system of modern Chinese. FICT refers to a group of vocabulary items in Chinese as a recipient language, where formation is motivated by foreign entities or concepts and designated by some foreign words, but no established foreign elements are in fact transferred from the donor language. The thesis establishes a group of terms identified as a particular category of Chinese borrowings according to the motivation of word production, concerning human bodily perception and cognition experience of foreign entities or concepts. Chinese borrowing is categorized as four types: phonic loans, semantic loans, loan blends and FICT, based on the motivation of sound, form and meaning of foreign words, and sensory perception and cognition of foreign entities and concepts. Cognitive semantics, adopted as an approach in the thesis, is a study of mind and its relationship with embodied experience and culture. Employing language as a key methodological tool for uncovering conceptual organization and structure, this study explores the methods of FICT word production, such as sensory perceptual and metaphorical production in terms of principles of cognitive semantics within the Chinese language system. The various types of Chinese borrowings are analysed in terms of the theory of categorization, and FICT in particular are examined under the semantic model proposed here. It is hoped that the thesis is able to open a new approach to the investigation of Chinese loan words and the process of FICT word production within cognitive semantics.<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Yang, Henrietta Shu-fen. "Plurality and modification in Mandarin nominal phrases." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2198.
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Osmond, Meredith. "Unravelling the meaning of English terms of emotion : evidence from syntax." Master's thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/133357.
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Xu, Weiyuan. "A study of Chinese colour terminology." Phd thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/138925.
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Brashi, Abbas S., University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Languages and Linguistics. "Arabic collocations : implications for translations." 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20056.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of collocability has been a common concern among linguists, lexicographers, and language pedagogues recently. They find the linguistic aspect of collocation interesting, because words due not exist in isolation from other words in a language. They exist with other words. In every language, the vocabulary consists of single words and multi-word expressions. Collocations are among those multi-word expressions. The aim of this thesis is to characterize collocations in the Arabic language, to devise a classification of the semantic and the distributional patterns of collocations in the Arabic language and to examine the problems encountered in translating English collocations into Arabic. This will require an analysis of the collocational patterns in both English and Arabic, a classification of the translation outcomes, and therefore, types of errors adopted by translators, an indication of how frequent and significant each error is, and an analysis of the causes of each error.<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Farrar, Jill M., University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, and Writing and Society Research Group. "The glossary as fictocriticism : a project ; and, New moon through glass : a novel." 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/37798.
Full textAbstract:
The Glossary is a fictocritical work which accompanies the novel, New Moon Through Glass, written for my doctorate that encorporates fiction, poetry, analytic and critical text, and which ‘writes back’ to the novel without the interpretive gesture and in doing so interrogates the art of fiction via a fictocritical critique. The generic glossary (a collection of glosses) encapsulates the ‘interpretive gesture’ par excellence — the hermeneutical exercise that criticism’s role has widely been thought to be. Its earliest, medieval form as a commentary (or series of commentaries), translation or exegesis in the margins of or between the lines of a text, reiterates the glossary’s ostensible purpose to explicate rather than create ‘meaning’. As a fictocritical work, The Glossary therefore both interrupts the monolithic architecture of the text through the techniques of the cut and the stitch, and also, by ‘reading between the lines’ of the novel, provides alternative readings; a space for other voices, other texts. In the process the project repositions the glossary before the novel (a reversal of the usual order) inciting a series of readings and re-readings which establish a practice of critical fictionalising and the fictionalising of the critical and an incitement to read in this manner. In the performance, The Glossary ventures to open this Pandora’s Box and in the process reflects on what, as a practitioner, writing is, what reading is, and what is critical practice and what creative. The Glossary is a performance of a distinction put by Bathes as a ‘thinking through’ rather than ‘a residue of critical thought’ (1985: 284) and therefore demands to be read as a fictocritical The Glossary was arrived at after much research and experimentation in my fiction writing practice with footnotes, asides and summarizing (‘the story so far’ style) prefaces or segues and above all definitions, a fascination which might be summarised by the distinction that Charlotte Brontë drew between writing that was ‘real’ and writing that was ‘true’. Fiction often requires realism in order to ring true, and yet the elements of language that give it force owe nothing to realism — its power lies in its imagery, its symmetry, its poetry all of which foreground textuality and intertextuality in a manner congruent with the fictocritical project. The Glossary, ostensibly there to confirm and stabilise knowledge, language and reading practices, shows, by fictionalising the critical, the dependent ordering and silences through the art of character in this knowledge architecture. Far from keeping an ‘objective’ distance, The Glossary generates a parallel text to the novel in which the voice of the author ‘speaks’, and in doing so has much to say, by its multi-vocal presence, about authorial intentions (and anxieties), slippages, ruptures and textual transparencies, opacities and excess; about the ways in which writing is both knowledge and being, knowing and making. The Glossary grew (rhizomically though not randomly) from textual asides, after thoughts and back stories, parallel and divergent interests, arguments, lyricisms, associations, allusions and theories. Eventually The Glossary became a piece of writing performing what could not ‘make it’ into the work of fiction. That a glossary is made up of ����entries���� proved an enlivening form, which generated a different kind of writing practice and a different kind of writing, perhaps not dissimilar to a web log. In making this comparison I am referencing Kerryn Goldsworthy’s comments that ‘blogging’, as ‘dynamic thinking-in-action’, sets its form apart from traditional writing and ‘creates a shift away from the consumer-producer model’ by destabilising the notion of a one-way transaction, ‘active writer producer to passive reader-consumer’. Each entry in The Glossary is a jumping off point for text to grow either from the point-of-view of the writer or reader, and each item simultaneously encourages a non-linear reading with regard to itself out of which possibilities are generated — as a body of text; the ‘self’ to which it constantly refers — and the novel it appends. The Glossary allows space for ‘undisicplined’ writing which does not conform to the teleological narrative of the thriller genre and in doing so, offers a radically democratic opportunity for the reader (who along with the writer also composes the story) to join in the process and the practice and understand how in ‘working through’ any text we are subconsciously glossing and deducing as we go. Some entries in The Glossary relate to specifics in the novel. Others to novels which haunt the text or other texts dreamed of, wished for or forgotten. Many of the subjects of The Glossary are familiar terms in literary and critical discourse examined in the process of writing. Still others relate to identity and to doubling, as a fictional device, but also as textual possibility. The counterpoint between the two texts — glossary and novel — holds other dialogues and polylogues: the intimate linkage between love and murder or desire and violence; disappearances — both textual and familial; childhood, memory and, motherhood; voice, reading, writing- (as well as reading-)blocks; the flâneur; psychoanalysis and dreams; collage; and the house as a metaphor for the body or the text. Certainly The Glossary presents an occasion for writing, an exercise, an exegesis and, where necessary, an excuse: ‘Only paper offers the tactile complexities of the origami life, the papier mache existence. (The Glossary p. 84)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Farrar, Jill M. "The glossary as fictocriticism : a project ; and, New moon through glass : a novel." Thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/37798.
Full textAbstract:
The Glossary is a fictocritical work which accompanies the novel, New Moon Through Glass, written for my doctorate that encorporates fiction, poetry, analytic and critical text, and which ‘writes back’ to the novel without the interpretive gesture and in doing so interrogates the art of fiction via a fictocritical critique. The generic glossary (a collection of glosses) encapsulates the ‘interpretive gesture’ par excellence — the hermeneutical exercise that criticism’s role has widely been thought to be. Its earliest, medieval form as a commentary (or series of commentaries), translation or exegesis in the margins of or between the lines of a text, reiterates the glossary’s ostensible purpose to explicate rather than create ‘meaning’. As a fictocritical work, The Glossary therefore both interrupts the monolithic architecture of the text through the techniques of the cut and the stitch, and also, by ‘reading between the lines’ of the novel, provides alternative readings; a space for other voices, other texts. In the process the project repositions the glossary before the novel (a reversal of the usual order) inciting a series of readings and re-readings which establish a practice of critical fictionalising and the fictionalising of the critical and an incitement to read in this manner. In the performance, The Glossary ventures to open this Pandora’s Box and in the process reflects on what, as a practitioner, writing is, what reading is, and what is critical practice and what creative. The Glossary is a performance of a distinction put by Bathes as a ‘thinking through’ rather than ‘a residue of critical thought’ (1985: 284) and therefore demands to be read as a fictocritical The Glossary was arrived at after much research and experimentation in my fiction writing practice with footnotes, asides and summarizing (‘the story so far’ style) prefaces or segues and above all definitions, a fascination which might be summarised by the distinction that Charlotte Brontë drew between writing that was ‘real’ and writing that was ‘true’. Fiction often requires realism in order to ring true, and yet the elements of language that give it force owe nothing to realism — its power lies in its imagery, its symmetry, its poetry all of which foreground textuality and intertextuality in a manner congruent with the fictocritical project. The Glossary, ostensibly there to confirm and stabilise knowledge, language and reading practices, shows, by fictionalising the critical, the dependent ordering and silences through the art of character in this knowledge architecture. Far from keeping an ‘objective’ distance, The Glossary generates a parallel text to the novel in which the voice of the author ‘speaks’, and in doing so has much to say, by its multi-vocal presence, about authorial intentions (and anxieties), slippages, ruptures and textual transparencies, opacities and excess; about the ways in which writing is both knowledge and being, knowing and making. The Glossary grew (rhizomically though not randomly) from textual asides, after thoughts and back stories, parallel and divergent interests, arguments, lyricisms, associations, allusions and theories.
Eventually The Glossary became a piece of writing performing what could not ‘make it’ into the work of fiction. That a glossary is made up of ����entries���� proved an enlivening form, which generated a different kind of writing practice and a different kind of writing, perhaps not dissimilar to a web log. In making this comparison I am referencing Kerryn Goldsworthy’s comments that ‘blogging’, as ‘dynamic thinking-in-action’, sets its form apart from traditional writing and ‘creates a shift away from the consumer-producer model’ by destabilising the notion of a one-way transaction, ‘active writer producer to passive reader-consumer’. Each entry in The Glossary is a jumping off point for text to grow either from the point-of-view of the writer or reader, and each item simultaneously encourages a non-linear reading with regard to itself out of which possibilities are generated — as a body of text; the ‘self’ to which it constantly refers — and the novel it appends. The Glossary allows space for ‘undisicplined’ writing which does not conform to the teleological narrative of the thriller genre and in doing so, offers a radically democratic opportunity for the reader (who along with the writer also composes the story) to join in the process and the practice and understand how in ‘working through’ any text we are subconsciously glossing and deducing as we go. Some entries in The Glossary relate to specifics in the novel. Others to novels which haunt the text or other texts dreamed of, wished for or forgotten. Many of the subjects of The Glossary are familiar terms in literary and critical discourse examined in the process of writing. Still others relate to identity and to doubling, as a fictional device, but also as textual possibility. The counterpoint between the two texts — glossary and novel — holds other dialogues and polylogues: the
intimate linkage between love and murder or desire and violence; disappearances — both textual and familial; childhood, memory and, motherhood; voice, reading, writing- (as well as reading-)blocks; the flâneur; psychoanalysis and dreams; collage; and the house as a metaphor for the body or the text. Certainly The Glossary presents an occasion for writing, an exercise, an exegesis and, where necessary, an excuse: ‘Only paper offers the tactile complexities of the origami life, the papier mache existence. (The Glossary p. 84)
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"The role of formulaic language in the spoken performances of native and nonnative speakers of English." 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892980.
Full textAbstract:
Lin Ming Sum.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves i-xi).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Acknowledgements<br>Abstract<br>摘要<br>Table of Content<br>List of tables<br>List of figures<br>Units of measurement<br>Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1 --- What are formulaic sequences? --- p.2<br>Chapter 1.2 --- Importance of researching on formulaic sequences --- p.4<br>Chapter 1.2.1 --- Wray's works --- p.6<br>Chapter 1.2.2 --- Distinction between native and normative speakers --- p.9<br>Chapter 1.2.3 --- Building blocks of language --- p.10<br>Chapter 1.2.4 --- Processing Unit --- p.11<br>Chapter 1.2.5 --- A pragmatic phenomenon in social interactions --- p.13<br>Chapter 1.3 --- Rationale --- p.17<br>Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives --- p.19<br>Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.20<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Defining formulaic sequences --- p.20<br>Chapter 2.2 --- The development of research on formulaic sequences --- p.26<br>Chapter 2.2.1 --- Context of formulaic sequences research --- p.26<br>Chapter 2.2.2 --- Milestone works on formulaic language --- p.29<br>Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- The first phase --- p.30<br>Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- The second phase --- p.33<br>Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- The third phase --- p.35<br>Chapter 2.2.3 --- Questions and problems surrounding the field --- p.38<br>Chapter 2.3 --- Relationship between fluency and the use of formulaic sequences --- p.44<br>Chapter 2.4 --- Methods of identification of formulaic sequences --- p.50<br>Chapter 2.4.1 --- The criteria listed by other researchers --- p.50<br>Chapter 2.4.2 --- Intuition --- p.58<br>Chapter 2.4.3 --- Case studies --- p.60<br>Chapter 2.4.4 --- Corpus tools --- p.62<br>Chapter 2.4.5 --- Phonological features --- p.65<br>Chapter 2.4.6 --- Other methodologies --- p.67<br>Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.72<br>Chapter 3.1 --- Research questions --- p.72<br>Chapter 3.1 --- The tasks --- p.73<br>Chapter 3.2 --- The subjects --- p.74<br>Chapter 3.3 --- Data collection --- p.75<br>Chapter Chapter 4 --- Data analysis --- p.77<br>Chapter Chapter 5 --- Findings --- p.80<br>Chapter 5.1 --- Use of formulaic sequences by native and normative speakers --- p.80<br>Chapter 5.2 --- Interaction between NS/NNS factor and task type --- p.81<br>Chapter 5.3 --- Analysis of individual performance --- p.82<br>Chapter 5.4 --- Fluency and the use of formulaic language --- p.85<br>Chapter 5.5 --- Time on task and the use of formulaic language --- p.87<br>Chapter 5.6 --- Use of formulaic language and mean length of each turn --- p.89<br>Chapter 5.7 --- Articulation rate of formulaic sequences --- p.90<br>Chapter 5.8 --- Summary of findings --- p.91<br>Chapter Chapter 6 --- Discussion --- p.93<br>Chapter 6.1 --- Use of formulaic language by native and normative speakers --- p.93<br>Chapter 6.2 --- Interaction between NS/NNS factor and task type --- p.97<br>Chapter 6.3 --- The use of formulaic language and fluency --- p.97<br>Chapter 6.4 --- Time on task and the use of formulaic language --- p.99<br>Chapter 6.5 --- Length of each turn and the use of formulaic language --- p.103<br>Chapter 6.6 --- Rate analysis --- p.105<br>Chapter 6.7 --- Summary of the discussion --- p.106<br>Chapter Chapter 7 --- Limitations --- p.107<br>Chapter Chapter 8 --- Implications of this study --- p.110<br>Chapter 8.1 --- Implications for research --- p.110<br>Chapter 8.2 --- Implications for pedagogy --- p.111<br>Chapter Chapter 9 --- Directions for future research --- p.116<br>Chapter Chapter 10 --- Conclusion --- p.119<br>Bibliography --- p.i<br>Appendices --- p.xii<br>Instructions for the Picture Story Telling --- p.xii<br>Picture series 1: Picnic --- p.xiii<br>Picture series 2: Football --- p.xiv<br>Instructions for the Problem-solving task --- p.xv<br>Problem-solving task: The Problem Page --- p.xvi
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"從《唯一趣報有所謂》看二十世紀初香港粤語詞匯". 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892733.
Full textAbstract:
曾綺雲.<br>"2005年10月"<br>論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2005.<br>參考文獻(leaves 143-148).<br>"2005 nian 10 yue"<br>Abstracts also in English.<br>Zeng Qiyun.<br>Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005.<br>Can kao wen xian (leaves 143-148).<br>Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1<br>Chapter 第二章 --- 硏究方法 --- p.4<br>Chapter 第三章 --- 《唯一趣報有所謂》簡介 --- p.21<br>Chapter 3.1 --- 《唯一趣報有所謂》的創辦人 --- p.23<br>Chapter 3.2 --- 《唯一趣報有所謂》的特色 --- p.24<br>Chapter 3.3 --- 《唯一趣報有所謂》的版面分佈 --- p.25<br>Chapter 第四章 --- 《唯一趣報有所謂》的二十世紀初香港粤語詞匯 --- p.28<br>Chapter 4.1 --- 已消失的詞語 --- p.29<br>Chapter 4.1.1 --- 定義 --- p.30<br>Chapter 4.1.2 --- 與商業活動有關的詞語 --- p.30<br>Chapter 4.1.3 --- 與交通工具有關的詞語 --- p.33<br>Chapter 4.1.4 --- 與妓女行業有關的詞語 --- p.35<br>Chapter 4.1.5 --- 與賭博有關的詞語 --- p.39<br>Chapter 4.1.6 --- 人物稱呼 --- p.43<br>Chapter 4.2 --- 舊式的方言詞 --- p.45<br>Chapter 4.2.1 --- 定義 --- p.46<br>Chapter 4.2.2 --- 趨向消失的方言詞 --- p.46<br>Chapter 4.2.3 --- 漸被取代的方言詞 --- p.48<br>Chapter 4.3 --- 仍然活躍的方言詞 --- p.53<br>Chapter 4.3.1 --- 定義 --- p.54<br>Chapter 4.3.2 --- 詞義沒有大變化的粤方言詞 --- p.54<br>Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- 名詞 --- p.55<br>Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- 動言司 --- p.59<br>Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- 形容詞 --- p.66<br>Chapter 4.3.2.4 --- 代詞 --- p.68<br>Chapter 4.3.2.5 --- 副詞 --- p.73<br>Chapter 4.3.2.6 --- 介詞 --- p.81<br>Chapter 4.3.2.7 --- 連詞 --- p.85<br>Chapter 4.3.2.8 --- 嘆詞 --- p.87<br>Chapter 4.3.2.9 --- 語氣詞 --- p.88<br>Chapter 4.3.3 --- 詞義有所轉化的粤方言詞 --- p.90<br>Chapter 4.4 --- 小結 --- p.100<br>Chapter 第五章 --- 《唯一趣報有所謂》書寫方言詞的形式 --- p.102<br>Chapter 5.1 --- 借用 --- p.103<br>Chapter 5.2 --- 註音 --- p.113<br>Chapter 5.3 --- 註聲調 --- p.116<br>Chapter 5.4 --- 註平仄 --- p.119<br>Chapter 5.5 --- 註釋 --- p.121<br>Chapter 5.6 --- 小結 --- p.122<br>Chapter 第六章 --- 《唯一趣報有所謂》反映的語言現象 --- p.126<br>Chapter 6.1 --- 詞語字數減少 --- p.126<br>Chapter 6.2 --- 不同寫法合倂 --- p.129<br>Chapter 6.3 --- 用字筆劃簡化 --- p.133<br>Chapter 6.4 --- 與字音演變有關 --- p.135<br>Chapter 6.5 --- 小結 --- p.138<br>Chapter 第七章 --- 結語 --- p.140<br>參考書目 --- p.143<br>附錄 --- p.149
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Yaverbaum, Oksana Vladimirovna. "Metaphorical expressions of biblical and sacral origin in Russian secular literary texts, with reference to their English equivalents." Diss., 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17864.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, I examine metaphorical expressions of biblical and sacral origin (bibleisms) that occur in Russian narrative literary texts. The interpretation of bibleisms is carried out within the framework of interaction
theories of metaphor, making it possible to account for the use of bibleisms in Modern Russian, and for the role of their original meanings in the development of their new metaphorical associations. This is viewed as a set
of intertextual relationships between the biblical and sacral texts, the Modern Russian language and the literary texts in which the expressions occur. Different types of metaphor are distinguished in terms of interaction
theory. This has implications for the translation of bibleisms. It is demonstrated that in different interactive situations, the same bibleism can be referred to different types of metaphor, and hence the translation
procedure may only be determined by taking into account the metaphorical language in each individual case.<br>Afrikaans & Theory of Literature<br>M.A. (Theory of Literature)
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Clemens, David M. "A study of the sacrificial terminology at Ugarit : a collection and analysis of the Ugaritic and Akkadian textual data /." 1999. http://books.google.com/books?id=QvBiAAAAMAAJ.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, June 1999.<br>UMI copy contains all five volumes, divided between two parts. Includes bibliographical references (p. 977-1028). Also issued in print.
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"A developmental study of Chinese children's word and character processing." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549026.
Full textAbstract:
中文的一個獨特之處在於，字和詞這兩個水平的單位都可以傳達意義。在中文里，字和詞分別有其獨自的特點。大多數漢字都由部件組成，這些部件多數情況下與整字的讀音和意義有關。詞通常由兩個或兩個以上的字構成，其中多數是復合詞。根據詞中字之間的關系，復合詞有五種常見結構。由於字和詞都傳達意義，於是就產生了兩個漢語中特有的問題：一是字和詞之中哪一個是閱讀加工的基本單位，二是字詞加工之間的關系如何。之前的一些研究為回答這兩個問題提供了一些依據。一些以成人閱讀者作為被試的研究發現，雖然從形式上來講，字是中文文本的基本單位，但是在閱讀中通常作為基本加工單位的是詞。有些研究也發現詞和字的加工是相互影響的。<br>但是，這些研究很少以兒童作為對象。本文中的三個實驗試圖探索上述兩個問題在兒童閱讀者之中的答案，用三年級和五年級的香港本地兒童作為被試以探討有關加工隨著年齡發展的變化。在實驗 1 中，被試被要求讀出一些單字，以及由這些單字組成的詞。結果顯示多數在單字閱讀中出現的錯誤，在讀詞時得到了更正，說明詞有助於兒童對字的識別。與年長的兒童相比，年幼兒童更容易將單字混淆於其他意義相關的單字，或者混同於那些經常與目標字一起出現組成詞的單字，這表明年幼兒童的字加工更依賴於該字經常出現的語境。實驗 2 使用偏正結構詞，並列結構詞以及非詞等三種結構的刺激檢驗了詞的結構對於詞中字的加工的影響。同預期相反，該實驗的結果表明，在偏正結構的詞中，兒童對后一個字的反應并沒有因為其與整詞意義關聯緊密而更加準確和迅速。更有甚者，三年級和五年級的兒童對於偏正結構詞中前一個字的表現都好於后一個字，並且與並列結構詞和非詞相比，偏正結構中前一個字較之后一個字的優勢似乎更加突出。<br>雖然結果與預期不相符，但是三年級和五年級兒童表現比較一致，說明詞結構很有可能確實對其中的字的加工產生了影響，但是這個影響的機制並未由實驗 2揭示出。實驗 3 比較了字音和字形在詞加工中的作用。實驗結果顯示，與年長兒童相比，年幼兒童對於詞的閱讀更加依賴於讀音。探索字詞加工之間的關系需要更多的研究提供證據，而本研究的三個實驗則為以后的研究提供了一些方向。<br>One of the unique features in Chinese is that two levels of unit, character and word, are both related to meaning. Both of them have their own features. Most characters are composed by radicals which may give a cue to the characters’ pronunciation and meaning. Words are mostly composed by no less than two characters, and most of them are compound words which usually have 5 types of morphological structures according to the relationship between the meaning of the whole word and its component characters. Since both characters and words convey meaning, two questions arise: which of them is the basic unit of processing when people read, and what is the relationship between readers’ character and word processing. Previous research has provided some evidence to answer these questions. Although characters are the basic graphic units in Chinese script, several studies have shown that adults’ reading is based on words rather than on characters. Meanwhile, it has been found that the processing of words and characters also affect each other.<br>However, not many studies used children as participants. In this thesis, three experiments were designed to explore these two questions. Children of grade 3 and 5 in Hong Kong primary school were used as participants to investigate the developmental change. In experiment 1, children were asked to read single characters and words that were composed by these characters. Results showed that words actually helped children to recognize characters, for most errors in single character reading got corrected in word reading. Compared to older children, younger children’s character processing was more likely to rely on the context that the character might appear, for they had more errors than older children of confusing the correct character with the word related or meaning related ones. In experiment 2, the effect of word’s morphological structure on the component characters was examined. Three types of structures, i.e., modifier words, coordinative words and nonwords were used to make comparison. The results were opposite to the expectations, for the closer relationship with the word didn’t get any advantage for the second characters in modifier words in lexical decision task. Moreover, both P3 and P5 children’s performance in modifier words on the first character was better than on the second character, and this difference was even larger than in coordinative words and nonwords. Since children of both grades showed the same pattern, the word’s morphological structure still seemed to have effects on the component characters processing, although the mechanism was not clear. Experiment 3 compared the influence of pronunciation and graphemic similarity on word reading, and compared to older children, younger children were more likely to rely on pronunciation, which was consistent with previous studies. This study provided possible directions for future study, and more evidence on the relation between children’s character and word processing is still needed.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Li, Tong.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-62).<br>Abstracts also in Chinese; appendix includes Chinese.<br>Abstract --- p.i<br>Abstract (in Chinese) --- p.iii<br>Acknowledgements --- p.v<br>Table of contents --- p.vi<br>Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction of the basic characteristics of Chinese characters and words --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.2 --- The relationship between processing of word and character --- p.7<br>Chapter 1.3 --- The present study --- p.15<br>Chapter 2 --- Experiment 1 --- p.18<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Method --- p.18<br>Chapter 2.1.1 --- Participants --- p.18<br>Chapter 2.1.2 --- Material --- p.18<br>Chapter 2.2 --- Results --- p.20<br>Chapter 2.3 --- Discussion --- p.26<br>Chapter 3 --- Experiment 2 --- p.28<br>Chapter 3.1 --- Method --- p.29<br>Chapter 3.1.1 --- Participants --- p.29<br>Chapter 3.1.2 --- Material --- p.29<br>Chapter 3.1.3 --- Procedures --- p.33<br>Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p..34<br>Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.35<br>Chapter 4 --- Experiment 3 --- p.38<br>Chapter 4.1 --- Method --- p.38<br>Chapter 4.1.1 --- Participants --- p.38<br>Chapter 4.1.2 --- Material --- p.38<br>Chapter 4.1.3 --- Procedures --- p.39<br>Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p..40<br>Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.42<br>Chapter 5 --- General Discussion --- p.43<br>Appendix --- p.48<br>Bibliography --- p.54
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Madiba, Mbulungeni Ronald. "Strategies in the modernisation of Venda." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17285.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses the problem of the lack of a systematic approach to the
modernisation of the indigenous languages of South Africa, with particular
reference to Venda. Thus, a systematic approach is proposed in this study for the
development of modem terminology in Venda. This approach is based on the
canonical model for language planning. In this model, terminology development
should follow the following four steps: (1) analysis of the terminological needs of
the situation, (2) preparation of a plan and strategies for research, (3)
implementation of terminology in practice by means of suitable policies, and
lastly, (4) evaluation and constant updating of terminology.
Within the canonical model for language planning, different models or
frameworks are proposed. First is the theoretical model, which follows the
pragmatic approach rather than a purist approach and takes into consideration
other extralinguistic factors such as the nature of the special subject field, the
needs of the target users and the socio-cultural context. The pragmatic approach
is divided into two phases, namely the borrowing phase and the indigenisation
phase. In the borrowing phase the borrowed terms are incorporated into the
language with immediate effect and these terms may be replaced by indigenous
terms in the indigenisation phase where less specialised communication is used.
In the indigenisation phase, different language internal term formation strategies
were identified, namely semantic shift, derivation, compounding, paraphrasing,
initialisms, acronyms, clipping and new word manufacture. It was established that
the use of these term formation strategies in Venda requires linguistic expertise, technical expertise and cultural expertise. Accordingly, a sociolinguistic approach
is recommended rather than a purely linguistic approach.
Lastly, a model of practical terminology work and a model for cooperation and
coordination are proposed for terminology work in this language. With regard to
the former, various steps that should be followed in terminology work are
outlined. In the latter model various language agencies, such as government
departments, parastatals and non-governmental organisations that may be
involved in the modernisation of this language are identified. A framework in
which these agencies could cooperate and coordinate their terminology work is
proposed.<br>Linguistics<br>D.Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)