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Tschiltz, N., A. Eliasson, M. Kashani, and M. Vernalis. "Assessing Compliance with the Mediterranean Diet." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 109, no. 9 (2009): A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2009.06.097.
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Karlik, Sandra, and Katarzyna Dereń. "Nutritional knowledge about the Mediterranean diet and its practical application among students in Poland." European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 21, no. 3 (2023): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.3.9.
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Introduction and aim. The popularity of the Mediterranean diet is increasing and following it has many health benefits, including improving mental well-being. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional knowledge about the Mediterranean diet and its practical application among students in Poland. Material and methods. The study assessed a group of 313 students in Poland. The research tool was a questionnaire that focused on knowledge about the Mediterranean diet. Results. The study showed that in terms of knowledge of the Mediterranean diet, students scored on average 6.5±3.2 points (on a scale 0–11). When it comes to dietary compliance, the average score was 6.3±2.4 points (scale 1–13 points). The better the knowledge of the diet, the better the compliance with its rules. Statistically, the analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the age and/or academic degree of the students and their higher level of knowledge. The greater compliance with Mediterranean eating patterns was influenced by the location, age, or education of the respondents. Conclusion. The study shows that the surveyed group of students in Poland has only an average level of knowledge and compliance with the Mediterranean diet.
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Mariscal-Arcas, Miguel, Ana Rivas, Celia Monteagudo, Alicia Granada, Isabel Cerrillo, and Fatima Olea-Serrano. "Proposal of a Mediterranean diet index for pregnant women." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 5 (2009): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509274769.
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Numerous studies have addressed the nutritional needs of pregnant women. The nutritional status of the woman before and during gestation affects the growth of the fetus and the course of the pregnancy and influences the risk of obesity for mother and infant. The aim of this study was to propose a diet quality index for pregnancy based on a Mediterranean-type diet (MDS-P), evaluating the diet of a group of pregnant women by applying the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and evaluating their intake of micronutrients required in optimal amounts during pregnancy, such as Fe, folic acid and Ca. The data used to construct this index (MDS-P) were gathered by means of a FFQ specifically designed for pregnant women. The mean MDS of this group, was 4·31 (sd 1·32), considered to represent satisfactory compliance with the Mediterranean diet (range 0–8). The mean MDS-P (range 0–11), which also takes account of dietary intake or supplements of folic acid, Fe and Ca was 7·53 (sd 1·44), indicating a compliance of around 70 %. The present study findings suggest that the MDS-P, which evaluates the adequacy of folic acid, Fe and Ca as well as compliance with the Mediterranean diet, may represent a valid tool for the specific assessment of the diet of pregnant women living in countries in the Mediterranean area. Further studies are required to complete the validation process.
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TORPİL, Hilal, and Nazan TOKATLI DEMİROK. "Öğrencilerin Antropometrik Ölçümleri ile Akdeniz Diyeti ve Beslenme Alışkanlıkları Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi." İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1089005.
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Aim: In the study, the aim was to assess the possible correlation between the Mediterranean diet quality index with anthropometric measurements by identifying the ability of students attending Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Department of Nutrition and Dietetics to apply academic knowledge related to healthy lifestyles to their own lives and their healthy eating obsessions.Method: The sample for the study comprised a total of 174 students who volunteered to participate, aged between 18-24 years abiding by the study participation criteria, including 54 in the fourth year, 65 in the third year, and 59 in the second year of university. The survey form was applied to students participating in the research with the face-to-face interview method. Additionally, the anthropometric measurements and body composition of students completing the survey form were determined.Results: As a result of these assessments, students had a mean Mediterranean Diet Quality Index of 5.3±2.95 and mean ORTO-11 scale point of 24.75±6.48. The mean body weight of students was 59.7±11.1 kg and mean BMI was 21.72±3.1. In our study, it was determined that as the level of class increased, compliance with the Mediterranean diet increased. It was found that as the Mediterranean diet quality index scores of the students increased, BMI values and the ORTO-11 scale scores decreased (p<0.05).Conclusion: It has been determined that compliance with the Mediterranean diet positively affects the body weight, BMI and body composition of individuals. Moreover, there was a determined positive correlation between the orthorexic behaviors and compliance with the Mediterranean diet.
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Vivyın, Lara YILDIZ, and ARITICI ÇOLAK Gözde. "Evaluation of the Relationship between Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in 14- 16 Years Old Adolescents and Their Intestinal Health." GEVHER NESIBE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL & HEALTH SCIENCES 8, no. 2 (2023): 339–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7924820.
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<strong>Aims:</strong> This research, it was aimed to evaluate relationship between adaptation of Mediterranean Diet in adolescents and its intestinal health. <strong>Methods:</strong> The study was included 200 students who were aged between 14-16 and studied in Antakya High School in the academic years of 2019-2020. In this study, the nutritional habits of individuals, are evaluated by 24-hour dietary record form and food frequency questionnare; intestinal health was questioned by Bristol Stool Scale questionnaires and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was evaluated by the KIDMED index scale. The questionnaires were administered by face-to-face interview method. <strong>Results:</strong> In this study was evaluated ; 66,3% of girls had an optimal quality; 31,5% of girls had a mild quality, 2,2% of girls had a low quality; 68,5% of men had an optimal quality, 26,9% of men had a mild quality, 4,6% of men had a low quality of Mediterranean Diet. Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) score results of adolescents weren’t found to be significantly different by gender of adolescents (p>0.05). According to Bristol Score of adolescents 1,1 % of girls had slow colonic transit time, 95,7% of girls had normal colonic transit time, 3,3% of girls had rapid colonic transit time; 9,3% of men had slow colonic transit time, 86,1% of men had normal colonic transit time, 4,6% of men had rapid colonic transit time. Bristol Scores of adolescents were found statistically different according to their gender (p=0.029; p<0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> As a result of this study, it was observed that high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in adolescents had a positive effect on intestinal health.
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Sapmaz, Mehmet Alican, Murat Polat, Sait Erbey, Ömer Osman Eroğlu, Ayşe Sena Küçükkayıkçı, and Nilüfer Akgün. "Evaluation of the Relationship of Maternal Feeding Style with Fetal Sex." Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 12, no. 1 (2025): 7–11. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1522772.
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The main aim of the study was to determine the relationship between pre-pregnancy dietary style and fetal sex. The level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and fetal gender were assessed before and during pregnancy. The effect of fetal gender on maternal body mass index change during pregnancy was also evaluated. Descriptive survey study included 412 patients gave birth in Etlik City Hospital. The Mediterranean diet scale questionnaire was completed during first trimester follow-up and at time of delivery. Weight, height and body mass index of the patients before pregnancy and at delivery were compared. The included patients were divided into two groups according to sex of baby after delivery. Mean pre-pregnancy Mediterranean diet compliance score was 6.98±2.21 in mothers of male infants and 4.89±2.08 in mothers of female infants, and there was significant difference between the two groups. Mean change in BMI during pregnancy was 2.83±1.70 in mothers of male infants and 3.60±1.84 in mothers of female infants and this difference was statistically significant. It was observed that patients adhered to Mediterranean diet before pregnancy remained loyal to this diet during pregnancy. It was concluded that those fed with Mediterranean diet had significantly more male babies. Result of compliance with Mediterranean diet, it was concluded that body mass index of patients who adhered to this diet before and during pregnancy was significantly lower and change in body mass index increased significantly less due to weight gain during pregnancy.
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Guerreiro, C. S., V. Coelho, M. Cravo, D. Alexandre, A. Dias-Pereira, and L. Mendes. "PP149-SUN: Compliance with Mediterranean Diet by Crohn’s Patients." Clinical Nutrition 33 (September 2014): S75—S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50191-4.
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KERKEZ, Müjde, Ümmühan AKTÜRK, and Behice ERCİ. "Comparison of School Children and Their Parents' Physical Activity with Their Nutrition Status." Gevher Nesibe Journal of Medical & Health Sciences 8, no. 4 (2023): 1060–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10048633.
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<strong>Objective:</strong> This study was conducted to compare physical activity levels and dietary habits of school children according to parents' compliance with physical activity and adherence to Mediterranean diet.<strong>Methods</strong>: This descriptively research was finished face to face with the candidates of in public schools 339 students (56.9% male) and parents. The study utilized several assessment tools to gather a comprehensive range of data. These tools included the Socio-Demographic Information Form, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), the Mediterranean Diet Quality assessment (KIDMED), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener Scale (MEDAS). Alongside these questionnaires, anthropometric measurements were conducted and subsequently categorized based on the Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to age groups.<strong>Results: </strong>57.5% of the children and 48.1% of the parents are of normal weight. While 52.8% of children and 52.5% of parents had low physical activity, it was determined that more than half of both children and parents (54.6%-54.9%, respectively) had low compliance with Mediterranean diet adherence. Parental BMI score (R2= 0.057, p<0.05), IPAQ score (R2= 0.084, p<0.001) and MEDAS score (R2= 0.100, p<0.001), affect the children's weight status, PAQ-C score, and KIDMED according to multiple regression<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study found a positive relationship between parents' body mass index, physical activity status, Mediterranean diet, and children's weight status, physical activity and dietary compliance. These results further emphasize the connection between children's physical activity levels and parental nutrition approaches.
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Cyuńczyk, M., K. Zujko, and ME Zujko. "The importance of the Mediterranean diet in cardiovascular disease." Progress in Health Sciences 7, no. 2 (2017): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7857.
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The Mediterranean diet is characterized by abundance of plant foods, such as vegetables, fruit, bread and cereal products, legumes, nuts and seeds, as well as olive oil, herbs and spices. Moreover, moderate intakes of dairy products, fish, poultry and wine, and low consumption of red meat are recommended. This diet is low in saturated fat (<7% of energy) with total fat within the range of 25-35% of energy. To assess dietary compliance cardiovascular diseases with the recommendations of the Mediterranean diet a variety of indicators are used, of which the most common are: 9-point scale of alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED) and 14-item Questionnaire of Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA). The results of the epidemiological research indicate that the nutrition model based on the assumptions of the Mediterranean diet is a crucial component of primary and secondary prevention of 25-35% of energy.
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Diolintzi, Anastasia, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, and Labros S. Sidossis. "From Mediterranean diet to Mediterranean lifestyle: a narrative review." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 14 (2019): 2703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000612.
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AbstractObjective:To summarize the recent scientific evidence regarding the wellness-promoting capacity of the Mediterranean lifestyle (ML), with a special focus on physical, social and environmental wellness.Design:Narrative review of English-language publications in PubMed, Scopus and Embase, from 1 January 2010 to 31 October 2018.Setting:Prospective cohort studies, interventional studies, meta-analyses and reviews of those investigating the effect of at least one component of the ML on wellness parameters.Participants:General population.Results:Although an explicit definition of ML is missing, compliance with various combinations of its components improves metabolic health and protects against or ameliorates disease state. However, there is heterogeneity in the healthy behaviours that the ML-focused studies include in their design and the way these are assessed. Also, despite that features of the ML could contribute to other wellness dimensions, there are no studies exploring the effect this healthy lifestyle could confer to them.Conclusions:Chronic lifestyle diseases are of multifactorial aetiology and they warrant multifaceted approaches targeting the general way of living. ML, if thoroughly evaluated, can provide a valuable tool to holistically promote health and wellness.
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Bozkurt, Yunus Erol, Gökhan Temeltaş, Talha Müezzinoğlu, and Oktay Üçer. "Mediterranean Diet and Overactive Bladder." International Neurourology Journal 26, no. 2 (2022): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5213/inj.2142118.059.
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Purpose: The relationship between nutrition and overactive bladder (OAB) has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and OAB.Methods: The 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MeDAS) and Overactive Bladder-Validated 8-question Screener (OAB-V8), validated in Turkish, were administered to 500 patients over the age of 18 who presented to outpatient clinics other than urology outpatient clinics. Of those patients, 174 with chronic diseases and urinary tract infections (based on urinalysis and a detailed medical history) were excluded. Therefore, 326 patients’ data were analyzed.Results: There was a negative correlation between the MeDAS and OAB-V8 scores. High OAB-V8 scores were associated with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), being single, and a low education level.Conclusions: Dietary patterns represent a broader perspective on food and nutrient consumption and may therefore be more predictive of disease risk. The Mediterranean type should be recommended in the first-line treatment of patients with OAB symptoms. It is easily possible to determine the compliance of patients with this diet by using the 14-item MeDAS.
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Bracale, Renata, Concetta M. Vaccaro, Vittoria Coletta, et al. "Nutrition behaviour and compliance with the Mediterranean diet pyramid recommendations: an Italian survey-based study." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 25, no. 6 (2019): 1789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00807-4.
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Abstract Purpose Adopting a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern may help in preventing several chronic diseases. We assessed the eating behaviour and compliance with the Mediterranean diet pyramid recommendations in Italy. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in subjects aged ≥ 20 years. A 14-question survey based on the updated Mediterranean diet pyramid was launched online from April 2015 to November 2016. At test completion, a personalized pyramid displaying the possible deficiencies and/or excesses was generated, that could be the basis to plan diet and lifestyle modifications. Results Overall, 27,540 subjects completed the survey: the proportion of females (75.6%), younger subjects (20.7%) and people with a University degree (33.1%) resembled those of the Italian population of Internet users rather than of the general population. 37.8% of participants declared a sedentary lifestyle, including 29.6% of those aged 20–29 years. A lower-than-recommended intake of all food categories included in the Mediterranean diet pyramid, along with excess of sweets, red and processed meats, emerged, that may affect health in the long term. Low adherence to recommendations was observed especially among females and older people. Notably, a discrepancy surfaced between the responders’ perceived and actual behaviour toward the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (81.8% vs 22.7–32.8%, respectively). Conclusions The nutritional habits and lifestyle of Italian participants are poorly adherent to the Mediterranean diet recommendations. The personalized pyramid tool may help in raising the awareness of individuals and their families on where to intervene, possibly with the support of healthcare professionals, to improve their behaviour. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Teixeira, V., S. Velho, J. Torres, and L. Glória. "P203 Inflammatory bowel disease and compliance with the Mediterranean diet." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 8 (February 2014): S146—S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1873-9946(14)60324-x.
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Moral-García, José Enrique, Antonio David Agraso-López, Antonio Jesús Ramos-Morcillo, Alfredo Jiménez, and Alfredo Jiménez-Eguizábal. "The Influence of Physical Activity, Diet, Weight Status and Substance Abuse on Students’ Self-Perceived Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (2020): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041387.
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The objective of this study was to determine the level and relationship between the self-perceived health of adolescents in relation to the level of practice of physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, weight status and consumption of substance abuse, such as alcohol and tobacco. A total of 516 adolescent students between the ages of 12 and 16 completed a series of questionnaires to assess their health, physical activity, compliance with the Mediterranean diet and alcohol and tobacco consumption. Adolescents who practice more physical activity have better health and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The level of health is higher among adolescents with greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, evidencing better health among those who consume less tobacco. These results show the need to involve the educational community, families and the media to promote healthy lifestyle habits that can help physical activity and sports professionals in the development of theoretical–practical proposals aimed at improving the health of students.
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Salvatore, Fiorella Pia, Ajka Relja, Ivona Šimunović Filipčić, Ozren Polašek, and Ivana Kolčić. "Mediterranean diet and mental distress: “10,001 Dalmatians” study." British Food Journal 121, no. 6 (2019): 1314–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-06-2018-0339.
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PurposeThe impact of eating habits on mental health is gaining more attention recently. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between mental distress and the Mediterranean diet (MD) in a community-dwelling adult population of Dalmatia, Croatia.Design/methodology/approachParticipants from the “10,001 Dalmatians” study from the Island of Korcula and the City of Split were included (n=3,392). Lifestyle habits were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire, while mental distress was evaluated using the General Health Questionnaire-30 (GHQ-30) in a cross-sectional design. MD compliance was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used in the analysis.FindingsMD compliance was associated with lesser mental distress (ß=−1.96, 95% CI −2.75, −1.17;p<0.001). Inverse association was found between mental distress and higher intake of fruits (ß=−0.64; 95% CI −0.89, −0.39;p<0.001), vegetables (ß=−0.39; 95% CI −0.65, −0.13;p=0.003), olive oil (ß=−0.30; 95% CI −0.56, −0.04;p=0.022) and legumes (ß=−0.83; 95% CI −1.66, 0.00;p=0.049). Mental distress was more intense in women, older participants, those with worse material status, subjects with previously diagnosed chronic diseases and in current smokers.Originality/valueThis study suggests beneficial association of MD and overall mental health, offering important implications for public health provisions. Since the literature search did not reveal any previous study on the association between the MD and GHQ-based mental distress in the general population, this study delivers interesting results and fills this knowledge gap.
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Benhammou, Samira, Leticia Heras-González, Diana Ibáñez-Peinado, et al. "Comparison of Mediterranean diet compliance between European and non-European populations in the Mediterranean basin." Appetite 107 (December 2016): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.117.
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Teixeira, V., S. Velho, J. Torres, and L. Glória. "PP146-SUN: Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Compliance with the Mediterranean Diet." Clinical Nutrition 33 (September 2014): S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50188-4.
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Veček, Nikolina Nika, Lana Mucalo, Ružica Dragun, et al. "The Association between Salt Taste Perception, Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (2020): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041164.
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widespread disorder and an important public health challenge. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between salt taste perception, Mediterranean diet and MetS. This cross-sectional study included 2798 subjects from the general population of Dalmatia, Croatia. MetS was determined using the Joint Interim Statement definition, and Mediterranean diet compliance was estimated using Mediterranean Diet Serving Score. Salt taste perception was assessed by threshold and suprathreshold testing (intensity and hedonic perception). Logistic regression was used in the analysis, adjusting for important confounding factors. As many as 44% of subjects had MetS, with elevated waist circumference as the most common component (77%). Higher salt taste sensitivity (lower threshold) was associated with several positive outcomes: lower odds of MetS (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.52–0.92), lower odds for elevated waist circumference (0.47; 0.27–0.82), elevated fasting glucose or diabetes (0.65; 0.45–0.94), and reduced HDL cholesterol (0.59; 0.42–0.84), compared to the higher threshold group. Subjects with lower salt taste threshold were more likely to consume more fruit, and less likely to adhere to olive oil and white meat guidelines, but without a difference in the overall Mediterranean diet compliance. Salt taste intensity perception was not associated with any of the investigated outcomes, while salty solution liking was associated with MetS (OR = 1.85, CI 95% 1.02–3.35). This study identified an association between salt taste perception and MetS and gave a new insight into taste perception, nutrition, and possible health outcomes.
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Sila, Sara, Sanja Kolaček, Iva Hojsak, et al. "Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Children and Adolescents in the Mediterranean and Continental Regions of Croatia." Collegium antropologicum 46, no. 1 (2022): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.46.1.4.
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Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been found beneficial for the prevention and treatment of various chronic non-communicable diseases; however, adherence to MD is declining, especially in the Mediterranean countries. Croatia is characteristic for having both traditionally continental and Mediterranean regions, with distinct dietary features. The aim of this study was to compare difference in adherence to MD and overall dietary intake between children and adolescents from continental and Mediterranean part of Croatia. Participants were randomly recruited children and adolescents (n=838, mean age 9.96 ± 2.09 years) located in continental and Mediterranean parts of Croatia. Three different questionnaires were distributed and collected: general questionnaire (age and gender), the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED) and 3-day food records (3DFR). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 260 (IBM Corporation, Chicago, Illinois, USA) statistical software. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Overall, low adherence to MD was evident in 23.1% of participants, while only 15.8% of children and adolescents had good compliance with MD. A significant difference in KIDMED score has been found between the continental (mean score 4.91 ± 2.33) and Mediterranean (mean score 5.57 ± 2.12) part of Croatia (p&lt;0.001), as well as in the intake of energy and some nutrients. Moreover, participants from the Mediterranean part of Croatia had better compliance with D-A-CH recommendations for some nutrients compared to those from the continental part. Although children and adolescents from the Mediterranean part of Croatia had better adherence to MD than those from the continental part, overall, relatively poor adherence to MD was evident for both regions. Therefore, a healthy, balanced diet should be encouraged in both regions, preferably taking into account traditionally consumed and locally available foods.
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Boyraz, Ömer, Hacer Alataş, Hakan Toğuç, et al. "The Effect of Mediterranean Diet Compliance on COVID-19 Symptoms and Disease Severity." Journal of Molecular Virology and Immunology 3, no. 3 (2022): 113–20. https://doi.org/10.46683/jmvi.2022.55.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> The aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between the adherence to a Mediterranean type of diet, which is an anti-inflammatory diet, and the degree of severity and symptoms of the disease in patients with COVID-19 infection. In the study, a short questionnaire form containing questions about demographic information, disease severity, and what symptoms they experienced was given to individuals who had previously had COVID-19 infection. The adaptation of individuals to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was evaluated with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). SPSS software program was used to analyze the effect of the MD on COVID-19 severity and symptoms. A total of 715 people, including 283 (39.6%) men and 432 (60.4%) women, were included in the study. It was determined that 33.7% (241/715) of the individuals had MD compliance, while 66.3% (474/715) did not have MD compliance. It was observed that 77.8% (556/715) of the individuals participating in the study had a mild recovery from the COVID-19 infection process. It was observed that thin and obese individuals had more difficulty recovering (p<0.05). The top 5 most common symptoms in COVID-19 patients were found to be as follows: fatigue-weakness (87%), low back-joint pain (76.4%), headache (70.5%), olfactory disorder (66%), and taste disorder (61%), respectively. No significant difference was found between adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet and COVID-19 severity and symptoms (p>0.05). In conclusion, no significant relationship was found between adherence to the MD and the severity of the COVID-19 infection. However, considering the effects of the Mediterranean-type diet, which is an anti-inflammatory diet, on obesity, it is thought that adherence to this diet will have a positive effect on decreasing the severity of COVID-19 transmission indirectly, if not directly. <strong>Özet</strong> Bu çalışmanın temel amacı anti-inflamatuar bir beslenme şekli olan Akdeniz tipi beslenme alışkanlığının COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçiren hastalarda hastalık şiddeti ve semptomları ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada, daha önce COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçirmiş olan bireylere demografik bilgiler, hastalık şiddeti ve hangi semptomları yaşadıkları ile ilgili sorular içeren kısa bir anket formu uygulanmıştır. Bireylerin Akdeniz diyetine uyumu ise Akdeniz Diyetine Bağlılık Ölçeği (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, MEDAS) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Akdeniz tipi beslenmenin COVID-19 şiddeti ve semptomlarına etkisini analiz etmek için SPSS yazılım programı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya 283 erkek (%39.6) ve 432 (%60.4) kadın olmak üzere toplam 715 kişi dahil edildi. Bireylerin %33.7'sinin (241/715) MD uyumunun olduğu, %66.3'ünün (474/715) ise MD uyumunun olmadığı belirlendi. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin %77.8’inin (556/715) COVID-19 enfeksiyon sürecini hafif atlattığı belirlendi. Zayıf ve obez olan bireylerin hastalığı daha ağır geçirdiği saptandı (p<0.05). COVID-19 hastalarında en fazla görülen ilk 5 semptomun sırasıyla; yorgunluk-halsizlik (%87), bel-eklem ağrısı (%76.4), baş ağrısı (%70.5), koku alma bozukluğu (%66) ve tat alma bozukluğu (%61) olduğu görüldü. Akdeniz tipi beslenme ile COVID-19 şiddeti ve semptomları arasında anlamlı bir sonuç bulunamadı (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak çalışmamızda, Akdeniz diyetine uyum ile COVID-19 enfeksiyonu hastalık şiddeti arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Ancak, anti-inflamatuar bir beslenme şekli olan Akdeniz tipi beslenme alışkanlığının obezite üzerindeki etkileri de düşünüldüğünde, doğrudan olmasa bile dolaylı olarak COVID-19 geçirme şiddetine olumlu bir etkisi olacağı düşünülmektedir.
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Melguizo-Ibáñez, Eduardo, Virginia Viciana-Garófano, Félix Zurita-Ortega, José Luis Ubago-Jiménez, and Gabriel González-Valero. "Physical Activity Level, Mediterranean Diet Adherence, and Emotional Intelligence as a Function of Family Functioning in Elementary School Students." Children 8, no. 1 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8010006.
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(1) Background: Family is considered as one of the most important elements for the transmission of healthy habits that improve the lives of students. For this reason, the present study aims to describe the degree of family functionality, emotional intelligence, Mediterranean diet adherence, and extra-curricular physical activity engagement. A further aim is to perform a correlational analysis between these variables. (2) Methods: To this end, an ad hoc questionnaire was used, alongside the APGAR, KIDMED, and Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24). (3) Results: Finally, the data suggest that a high percentage of students need to improve their diet. Further, students reporting severe family dysfunction showed worse outcomes. Thus, levels of emotional clarity were lower when family functionality was poor. Poor diet quality was also associated with lower emotional attention, with Mediterranean diet adherence being positively related to emotional clarity and repair, as well as normal family functionality. (4) Conclusions: Boys showed higher levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet adherence, while girls reported higher family functionality. Thus, compliance with the minimum recommendations for physical activity engagement was associated with adequate adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The importance of diet for obtaining an optimal physical condition, adequate emotional state, and family functionality is highlighted.
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Zhang, Weichunbai, Yongqi He, Ce Wang, Feng Chen, Bo Jiang, and Wenbin Li. "Adherence to Healthy Dietary Patterns and Glioma: A Matched Case-Control Study." Nutrients 15, no. 23 (2023): 4886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15234886.
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Recent studies have revealed a putative relationship between diet and glioma development and prognosis, but few studies have examined the association between overall diet and glioma risk. This study, conducted in China, employed a hospital-based case-control approach. The researchers utilized an a priori method based on dietary data to evaluate compliance scores for five healthy dietary patterns (the Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, the Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, the Paleolithic diet, and the Planetary Health Diet) in 1012 participants. At the same time, data-driven methods were used to explore the association between dietary patterns and glioma via principal component analysis (PCA). In the multivariate model, adhering to the Mediterranean diet (odds ratio (OR) = 0.29; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.17–0.52), the DASH diet (OR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04–0.18), the MIND diet (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.14–0.44), and the Paleolithic diet (OR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.06–0.25) was associated with a reduced glioma risk. The results of PCA suggested that increasing the intake of plant-based foods and fish and limiting foods rich in carbohydrates, fats, and salts were associated with a reduced glioma risk. There was a substantial nonlinear dose–response association between glioma and the Mediterranean diet score. However, the DASH diet score, the MIND diet score, and the Paleolithic diet score exhibited linear dose–response relationships. Therefore, this study finds that dietary patterns may be an influencing factor for glioma risk.
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Sırıken, Fatih, Arif Aktuğ Ertekin, Bengü Depboylu, Ayla Gülden Pekcan, Emre Zafer, and Hakan Öztürk. "Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (MDQI) of the pregnant women." Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine 5, no. 3 (2023): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53986/ibjm.2023.0021.
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Introduction: This study aimed to determine pregnant women's nutritional status and habits in the middle and low-income groups and the level of compliance with the Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet supports healthy fetal growth and development by providing sufficient nutrients for pregnant women and protecting against the development of obstetrical pathologies. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-two pregnant women aged 17-45 were included. The demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements, systolic blood pressure, fasting, and postprandial blood glucose values were noted.24-hour recall was determined and The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (MDQI) developed by Gerber et al. was used to assess nutritional status. Nutritional habits and food attitude changes during gestation were recorded. Results: Overall, 15.2% of the pregnant women had good, 54.5% had medium-good, and %29.5 had medium-poor adherence to MDQI. The dietary macronutrient intakes were close to the daily dietary recommended intakes (DRI); however, micronutrient intakes were below the recommendations. Pre-pregnancy mean BMI was found to be 26.4 kg/m2. Conclusions: According to the mean pre-pregnant BMI, the pregnant women were overweight, and their adherence to the Mediterranean diet needed to be improved. General measures should be taken to improve pregnant women's diets and micronutrient intakes, even in the Mediterranean countries where this diet is the daily nutrition habit of local inhabitant pregnant women.
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Akbulut, Ulas, Ishak Isik, Atike Atalay, and Ismail Topal. "Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of functional constipation in children in Turkey: case–control study." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 27, no. 6 (2021): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2021.27.6.587.
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Background: Functional constipation is often seen in children, affecting quality of life and imposing a considerable burden on health care services. The Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower risk of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between functional constipation and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Turkish children aged 6–18 years. Methods: In this case–control study, 221 children with functional constipation (cases) were selected from a paediatric gastroenterology clinic between May 2018 and September 2019, and 230 children without constipation (controls) were randomly selected from those attending a well-child check-up. Cases and controls were matched on sex, age and socioeconomic characteristics. Compliance with the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the KIDMED index score. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyses the data. Results: KIDMED index scores in cases and controls were 4.0 (SD = 2.5) and 6.3 (SD = 2.4), respectively (P < 0.001). Odds ratios for functional constipation were 0.23 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13–0.38) for KIDMED index score 4–7 and 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03–0.11) for score ≥ 8 compared with the lowest category (score ≤ 3; P < 0.001). A negative correlation was observed between age and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Conclusion: Good adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of functional constipation, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreased with age. Education on nutrition and health is warranted to help maintain and improve the health of young people in Turkey.
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Zuraikat, Faris M., Nour Makarem, Marie-Pierre St-Onge, Huaqing Xi, Alekha Akkapeddi, and Brooke Aggarwal. "A Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Predicts Better Sleep Quality in US Women from the American Heart Association Go Red for Women Strategically Focused Research Network." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (2020): 2830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092830.
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Consumption of a Mediterranean diet has been linked to better sleep health in older, European populations. However, whether this dietary pattern is predictive of sleep quality in US women, a group prone to poor sleep, is unknown. This prospective cohort study of 432 US women (20–76 y; 60% racial/ethnic minority) evaluated whether compliance with a Mediterranean diet at baseline predicted sleep quality at 1-y follow-up. Alternate Mediterranean (aMed) diet scores and habitual sleep quality were computed from the validated Block Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Linear regression models evaluated prospective associations of the aMed diet pattern and its components with measures of sleep quality, after adjustment for age, BMI, race/ethnicity, education, and health insurance status. Higher baseline aMed scores were associated with lower PSQI scores (β = −0.30 ± 0.10, p < 0.01), indicative of better sleep quality, higher sleep efficiency (β = 1.20 ± 0.35, p < 0.001), and fewer sleep disturbances (β = −0.30 ± 0.12, p = 0.01) at 1-y. Fruit and vegetable consumption also predicted lower PSQI scores, higher sleep efficiency and fewer sleep disturbances (all p < 0.05). Higher legume intake predicted better sleep efficiency (β = 1.36 ± 0.55, p = 0.01). These findings suggest that adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern should be evaluated as a strategy to promote sleep quality in US women.
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Kondratyuk, Marta, Orest Komarytsia, Olena Radchenko, and Nataliya Bek. "ADHERENCE TO THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK." Anti-Aging Eastern Europe 3, no. 3 (2024): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56543/aaeeu.2024.3.3.06.
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Introduction. Recommendations for the use of the Mediterranean diet apply to many nosologies, which made it expedient to consider the principles of such nutrition and adherence to it for patients with high cardiovascular risk. Objectives. In order to evaluate the nature of the diet of patients with high cardiovascular risk and their adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the principles of the diet were described according to the data from the Pubmed database. Adherence to and compliance with the principles of Mediterranean diet in patients with high cardiovascular risk were determined according to the Food Questionnaire in 29 outpatients with stable chronic forms of coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension: 18 men, 11 women aged 55.72±2.59 years with excessive body weight; the results were processed by the methods of variational statistics. Results. The Mediterranean diet is recommended for patients with high cardiovascular risk, excess body weight, steatotic liver disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimmune changes in the thyroid gland, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and oncological processes. It is based on grains, cereals, vegetables and fruits, beans, nuts, and seeds; a small amount of meat, eggs, fish, and poultry; olive oil and moderate daily consumption of cheeses and yogurts. According to the Food Questionnaire, patients with a high cardiovascular risk are not sufficiently aware of the principles of this diet, do not fully follow the recommendations for replacing fats with extra virgin olive oil, do not consume enough fish, vegetables, fruits, nuts, whole grain pasta and hard cereals. In addition, they tend to consume meat, soft cereals, ordinary types of bread and pasta, sweets, carbonated beverages, beer, and spirits in excessive amounts or too often. Conclusions. Insufficient awareness and non-adherence to the Mediterranean diet require the activation of educational work to deepen knowledge about its principles and details.
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Mharchi, Saliha, Latifa Mechkirrou, Maryam Slamini, Lamiaa Belasri, Bilal El Monhim, and Mourad Arabi. "A Cross-Sectional Study of Diet and Compliance to the Mediterranean Food Regimen Among the People of North Eastern Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 632 (2025): 02011. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202563202011.
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Unhealthy eating habits are the main cause of the emergence of chronic diseases (CD), especially T2D and hypertension. Previous research confirms that the Mediterranean diet (MD) is one of the most balanced diets available, significantly reducing the risk of CD and improving longevity. Our aim is to identify the components of the MD in an adult population of the eastern region (Berkane and Nador), and to measure the degree of compliance to the MD in this community. A food frequency and MD adherence level analysis questionnaire was used. Our sample comprised 800 consultants, with women for the largest proportion (79%). In fact, 92.5% consumed high-fat products, 75.12% red meats, 56% sweet products, and 43.12% full-fat dairy products. On the other hand, their consumption of beneficial products was below the average indicated. Or, 72.37% of this population have a water intake of less than 1.5L/day, more than a third (38%) don't eat fish, only 43% eat enough cereals and 36% enough fruit and vegetables a day. As a result, the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet is characterized by low adherence in more than half 52.37% versus only 47.63% who strongly adhere to the traditional Mediterranean diet. Factors responsible for low adherence were gender p<0.001, residence environment U/R. The study reveals a dietary imbalance in this community, known for its agricultural and maritime wealth. Certain food products are consumed in quantities above or below daily requirements. An overwhelming majority of 47% of the population exhibits a robust compliance with the MD. Furthermore, it was observed that 53% of the subjects studied did not follow this diet, which could be a determining factor in the onset and development of chronic diseases in future generations.
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Agacdiken, A., L. Parlak, D. Dikmen, N. Rakicioglu, and Z. Goktas. "Association between body mass index and diet quality index-international and mediterranean diet compliance during Covid-19 pandemic." Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 46 (December 2021): S605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.180.
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Ojeda-Rodríguez, Ana, Itziar Zazpe, Lydia Morell-Azanza, María Chueca, Maria Azcona-sanjulian, and Amelia Marti. "Improved Diet Quality and Nutrient Adequacy in Children and Adolescents with Abdominal Obesity after a Lifestyle Intervention." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (2018): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101500.
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High rates of childhood obesity require integral treatment with lifestyle modifications that achieve weight loss. We evaluated a lifestyle intervention on nutrient adequacy and diet quality in children and adolescents with abdominal obesity. A randomized controlled trial was performed on 107 participants, assigned either to a usual care group or to an intensive care group that followed a moderate hypocaloric Mediterranean diet and received nutritional education. Intake adequacy was evaluated using Dietary Reference Intakes and diet quality through the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A), the Healthy Lifestyle Diet-Index (HLD-I) and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED). Both groups achieved a significant reduction in BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), glucose and total cholesterol levels. Intake of Calcium, Iodine and vitamin D were higher in the intensive care group, with enhanced compliance with recommendations. Higher dietary scores were associated with lower micronutrient inadequacy. DQI-A and HLD-I were significantly higher in the intensive care group vs. usual care group after the treatment. In conclusion, we observed that an intensive lifestyle intervention was able to reduce BMI-SDS in children with abdominal obesity. Furthermore, participants significantly improved dietary indices getting closer to the nutritional recommendations. Therefore, these diet quality indices could be a valid indicator to evaluate micronutrient adequacy.
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Mieziene, Brigita, Arunas Emeljanovas, Natalja Fatkulina, and Rimantas Stukas. "Dietary Pattern and Its Correlates among Lithuanian Young Adults: Mediterranean Diet Approach." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (2020): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12072025.
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A poor diet leads to serious health risks and accounts for a significant proportion of deaths. Young adults are the population whose health behaviors particularly need to be studied in terms of nutrition because they are in a period of life when the effects of nutrition accumulate to health outcomes that usually appear later in life in forms of disease or infirmity. The aim of this study is to examine the dietary pattern and its relationships with physical activity and covariates, such as body mass index, gender, age and education among Lithuanian young adults of 18–36 years old. A cross-sectional study was performed among Lithuanian young people aged 18–36 years. Snowball sampling—a non-probability, convenient sampling strategy—was used. In total, data were collected from 3031 study participants: 1723 (56.8%) were male and 1308 (43.2%) were female. The mean age was 23.72 ± 4.80 years. Adherence to a dietary pattern was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Physical activity, height, weight and education data were also gathered. About 7% of young people fully complied with the health-related Mediterranean diet, and one-third had poor compliance. Non-compliance is mostly related to the underconsumption of olive oil, nuts, fish, seafood, legumes and wine, as well as the overconsumption of red meat. The female gender (β = 0.26; p < 0.01), higher education (β = 0.30; p < 0.01) and a sufficient level of physical activity (β = 0.15; p < 0.01) predict a healthier diet. These study results should be considered by nutrition policymakers and public health authorities to improve policies and develop intervention plans for improving the nutrition habits of young adults in order to prevent health-damaging outcomes later in their life.
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Tsiampalis, Thomas, Matina Kouvari, Vasiliki Belitsi, et al. "Physicians’ Words, Patients’ Response: The Role of Healthcare Counselling in Enhancing Beneficial Lifestyle Modifications for Patients with Cardiometabolic Disorders: The IACT Cross-Sectional Study." Healthcare 11, no. 22 (2023): 2982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11222982.
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Background: Preventive cardiology aims to educate patients about risk factors and the importance of mitigating them through lifestyle adjustments and medications. However, long-term adherence to recommended interventions remains a significant challenge. This study explores how physician counselling contributes to successful behavior changes in various aspects of lifestyle. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Greece in 2022–2023 included 1988 participants. Validated questionnaires assessed patients’ characteristics, dietary habits, and lifestyle choices. Results: The findings revealed that patients who received lifestyle advice from physicians demonstrated increased compliance with the Mediterranean diet and a higher involvement in physical activity. Notably, they were also less likely to be non-smokers. Importantly, physicians’ recommendations had a more pronounced association with adherence level to the Mediterranean diet compared to other lifestyle behaviors. Additionally, specific dietary components like cereal, legume, and red meat consumption were significantly associated with physicians’ guidance. Conclusions: This study highlights the complex relationship between patients’ cardiometabolic health, lifestyle decisions, and healthcare professionals’ guidance. The substantial influence of physicians on Mediterranean diet adherence underscores the necessity for a multidisciplinary healthcare approach. Collaborative efforts involving physicians, dietitians, and fitness experts can offer comprehensive support to patients in navigating the intricate landscape of cardiometabolic health.
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Antasouras, Georgios, Sousana K. Papadopoulou, Olga Alexatou, et al. "Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet during Pregnancy: Associations with Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Parameters, Perinatal Outcomes, and Breastfeeding Practices." Medicina 59, no. 9 (2023): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091547.
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Background and Objectives: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been recognized as a beneficial nutritional pattern that promotes human health, decreasing the risks of a variety of human disorders and pathological states, including adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this aspect, the current survey aimed to assess the potential association of compliance with the MD during gestation with various sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters, perinatal outcomes, and breastfeeding practices. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed on 5688 pregnant women from 10 distinctive Greek areas. Face-to-face interviews with qualified questionnaires and thorough retrievals of medical records were performed to collect data concerning the participants’ sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters, perinatal outcomes, and breastfeeding practices. Results: Elevated compliance with the MD during pregnancy was independently related with older age, higher educational status, and better economic status as well as decreased incidences of pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excess gestational weight gain and a lower likelihood of gestational diabetes. Moreover, greater adherence to the MD was independently associated with an increased prevalence of delivering vaginally and a greater prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for at least 16 weeks postpartum. Conclusions: A higher level of compliance with the MD for the period of gestation was associated with several favorable lifestyle factors that may promote maternal health. Further studies with a prospective design as well as studies exploring the potential effects of maternal compliance with the MD for the period of pregnancy on the health of children should be performed. Future studies should also be extended beyond the MD by assessing the potential beneficial effects of adopting a Mediterranean lifestyle on maternal and child health.
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Uqaili, Arsalan Ahmed, Adil Hassan Chang, Sarmad Ali, Muhammad Amjad, Mashooque Ali Samejo, and Moomal Tagar. "Impact of lifestyle modifications on liver function, hepatic fat, and metabolic parameters in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A culturally adapted intervention study." Pakistan Journal of Pathology 36, no. 1 (2025): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.55629/pakjpathol.v36i1.888.
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Objective: This study evaluates the impact of a Mediterranean-style diet and structured physical activity program on liver function, hepatic fat reduction, and metabolic parameters in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) patients in a South Asian population. Material and Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted over six months in 150 participants, diagnosed with ultrasound-confirmed NAFLD. The sample size was determined using OpenEpi software. Participants were required to adhere to a Mediterranean diet (≥80% compliance based on 24-hour dietary recall) and moderate-intensity exercise (≥150 minutes/week). Dropout reasons included non-compliance (n=61) and loss to follow-up (n=29). Liver function tests (ALT, AST), lipid profile (LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides), and hepatic fat grading were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v26.0. Results: The Median age of the participants was 47 (51 – 41) years and median BMI was 33 (36 – 31) kg/m2. Out of total Patients, 63% were male. Significant reductions were observed in ALT (56 (60 – 52) to 32 (34 – 28) IU/L, p < 0.001) and AST (54 (56 – 52) to 33 (34 – 29) IU/L, p < 0.001). Hepatic fat grades improved significantly, with a 60% reduction in Grade III steatosis, 41.7% reduction in Grade II, and a 115.6% increase in Grade I cases (p < 0.001). Lipid parameters improved, with LDL-C reduced by 28 mg/dL, triglycerides reduced by 30 mg/dL, and HDL-C increased by 10 mg/dL (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study supports the integration of culturally adapted lifestyle interventions as a first-line strategy for NAFLD management. Keywords: NAFLD, Mediterranean diet, Hepatic steatosis, Liver function, ALT, AST, Lipid profile, lifestyle modification, Metabolic syndrome, Non-pharmacological therapy
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Bučan Nenadić, Dora, Ela Kolak, Marija Selak, et al. "Anthropometric Parameters and Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Preschool Children in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia—Are They Related?" Nutrients 13, no. 12 (2021): 4252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124252.
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Obesity is a rapidly growing problem in European countries, Croatia being among them. According to the latest CroCOSI data, every third child in Croatia aged 8.0–8.9 years is overweight or obese. The Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and its impact on nutritional status and health has been the focus of recent research. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional, observational study was to determine the nutritional status and adherence to the MeDi of preschool children in Split, Croatia. We included 598 preschool children aged 3 to 7 years and, for each child, parents completed a lifestyle questionnaire and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) in order to assess adherence to the MeDi. The anthropometric assessment included the measurement of weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference (WC) and the z-score was calculated. According to the z-score, 420 (70.2%) children had a healthy body weight with 54 (9%) underweight and 124 (20.8%) overweight or obese children. Almost half (49%) of the study participants had a low KIDMED index score, indicating a low MeDi adherence, 37% had an average score, while only 14% had high MeDi compliance. Statistically significant negative correlations between MUAC and WC and the consumption of a second daily serving of fruit (p = 0.04) as well as a daily serving of vegetables (p = 0.03) were found. In conclusion, low compliance to the MeDi principles in preschool children is concerning. Considering the beneficial effects of the MeDi on overall health, further education, and the adoption of healthy eating habits in preschool children in this Mediterranean region are required.
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Olza, Josune, Emilio Martínez de Victoria, Javier Aranceta-Bartrina, et al. "Adequacy of Critical Nutrients Affecting the Quality of the Spanish Diet in the ANIBES Study." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (2019): 2328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102328.
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Diet is one of the key modifiable behaviors that can help to control and prevent non-communicable chronic diseases. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the overall diet composition of the population through non-invasive and independent indexes or scores as diet quality indexes (DQIs). The primary aim of the present work was to estimate the adequacy of the intake of critical nutrients in the Spanish “Anthropometry, Intake, and Energy Balance Study” (ANIBES) (n = 2285; 9–75 years), considering, as a reference, the European Food Scientific Authority (EFSA) values for nutrients for the European Union. We also assessed the quality of the diet for adults and older adults using four internationally accepted DQIs, namely the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), the Mediterranean Diet Score-modified (MDS-mod), and the Mediterranean-Diet Quality Index (MED-DQI), as well as the ANIBES-DQI, stratified by education and income. The ANIBES-DQI was based on compliance with EFSA and Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations for a selected group of nutrients (i.e., total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), simple sugars, fiber, calcium, vitamin C, and vitamin A), with a total range of 0–7. Misreporting was assessed according to the EFSA protocol, which allowed us to assess the DQIs for both the general population and plausible reporters. The majority of the Spanish population had high intakes of SFAs and sugars and low intakes of fiber, folate, and vitamins A and C. In addition, about half of the population had low DQI scores and exhibited low adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern. Overall, older adults (>65–75 years) showed better DQIs than adults (18–64 years), without major differences between men and women. Moreover, primary education and low income were associated with low MDS and ANIBES-DQI scores. For the ANIBES-DQI, the percentage of the population with low scores was higher in the whole population (69.5%) compared with the plausible energy reporters (49.0%), whereas for medium and high scores the percentages were higher in plausible reporters (41.2% vs. 26.2% and 9.8% vs. 4.3%, respectively). In conclusion, the present study adds support to marked changes in the Mediterranean pattern in Spain, and low education and income levels seem to be associated with a low-quality diet. Additionally, the misreported evaluation in the ANIBES population suggests that this analysis should be routinely included in nutrition surveys to give more precise and accurate data related to nutrient intake and diet quality.
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Baratta, Francesco, Vittoria Cammisotto, Giulia Tozzi, et al. "High Compliance to Mediterranean Diet Associates with Lower Platelet Activation and Liver Collagen Deposition in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Nutrients 14, no. 6 (2022): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14061209.
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The Mediterranean diet (Med-Diet) is considered the most effective dietary patterns to obtain weight loss in NAFLD patients. Previous evidence suggested that Med-Diet adherence could reduce cardiovascular risk and have a beneficial effect on NAFLD severity. Aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between Med-Diet adherence, platelet activation (PA), and liver collagen deposition. The study was performed in 655 consecutive NAFLD outpatients from the PLINIO study, a prospective observational cohort study aimed to identify non-conventional predictors of liver fibrosis progression in NAFLD. PA was measured by the serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2), and liver collagen deposition by N-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (Pro-C3). Adherence to the Med-diet was investigated by a short nine-item validated dietary questionnaire. Patients with high Med-Diet adherence were older and had less metabolic syndrome and lower serum triglycerides, GGT, TxB2, and Pro-C3. At multivariate regression analyses, in the linear model, the Med-Diet score negatively correlated with both TxB2 (Beta = −0.106; p = 0.009) and Pro-C3 (Beta = −0.121; p = 0.002) and in the logistic model high adherence inversely correlated with higher TxB2 tertiles (II tertile: OR = 0.576, p = 0.044; III tertile: OR = 0.556, p = 0.026) and Pro-C3 tertile (III tertile: OR = 0.488, p = 0.013). Low consumption of red meat inversely correlated with higher TxB2 tertile (II tertile: OR = 0.448, p < 0.001, III tertile: OR = 0.567, p = 0.004). In conclusion, NAFLD patients with high adherence to the Med-Diet show lower PA and liver collagen deposition, suggesting a protective role of the Med-Diet against NAFLD progression and cardiovascular risk. In addition, the correlation between TxB2 and Pro-C3 suggests a link between NAFLD severity and cardiovascular risk.
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Gomaa, Asmaa Mahmoud, Shalabia Elsayed AboZead, Samia Youssef Sayed, and Mohamed Ahmed Medhat. "Nursing Teaching Scheme on Remedial Compliance and Symptoms among Patients with Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease: A Quasi-experimental Study." Malaysian Journal of Nursing 16, no. 04 (2025): 65–76. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2025.v16i04.007.
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Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is among the most common conditions affecting the digestive system. A nursing teaching scheme for gastroesophageal reflux disease patients is important as it provides comprehensive information and guidance to help patients manage their condition effectively. Objectives: This study's objective was to evaluate the effect of a nursing teaching scheme on patient compliance and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Methods: The research design was Quasi-experimental (one group pretest-post-test). A total of 60 patients were chosen as a purposive sample from the AL-Rajhi Liver Hospital's medical outpatient clinics at Assiut University, Egypt. The data was gathered using a structured interview questionnaire, the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and the Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire. Results: The total mean score of medication adherence levels increased from 2.08± 2.09 pre-teaching scheme to 5.88± 1.77 and 7.40±1.09, respectively, at one- and three-months post-teaching scheme, with p-value < 0.001 and significant statistical differences. The overall mean score for Mediterranean diet adherence levels significantly improved, rising from 6.97±1.72 before the nursing teaching scheme to 11.15± 1.46 and 12.87± 1.27, respectively, one and three months after the nursing teaching scheme. There was a significant inverse correlation between patient medication compliance and GERD symptoms severity at the one- and three-month post-nursing teaching scheme. Conclusion: The study results showed the effectiveness of a nursing teaching scheme in improving patients’ compliance and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. Therefore, the study recommends the teaching scheme be incorporated as part of the medical management approach.
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Tur, Josep A., Dora Romaguera, and Antoni Pons. "Does the diet of the Balearic population, a Mediterranean-type diet, ensure compliance with nutritional objectives for the Spanish population?" Public Health Nutrition 8, no. 3 (2005): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2004693.
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AbstractObjectivesTo assess the dietary habits of Balearic Islands' consumers who are successful in meeting current nutritional recommendations, to find clues for the development of future food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) that would be relevant to this population.DesignCross-sectional nutritional survey carried out in the Balearic Islands between 1999 and 2000.Subjects and methodsDietary habits were assessed by means of 24-hour recall (two non-consecutive days: warm and cold season) and a food-frequency questionnaire in a random sample (n = 1200, aged 16–65 years) living in private households. Differences in percentage of compliers with the intermediate nutritional objectives for the Spanish population and differences in food consumption patterns between genders and between high (above the upper quartile of intake) and low (below the lower quartile of intake) consumers of fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), fibre, and fruit and vegetables were analysed.ResultsGender differences were observed in nutrient and energy intakes, as well as in attainment of the recommendations. Less than 25% of the population reached the intermediate nutritional recommendations for iodine, fruit, carbohydrates, SFA, fibre and vegetables. Low fat/SFA and high fruit and vegetables/fibre consumers kept a diet in line with the traditional Balearic diet and prevailing dietary pyramids, which ensured better compliance with the nutritional goals.ConclusionsThe intermediate nutritional objectives for the Spanish population could be achieved through maintenance of the traditional Balearic diet, a Mediterranean-type diet in the Balearic population. Therefore, this dietary model could be used to develop FBDG relevant to this population.
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Ramírez-Manent, José Ignacio, Pilar Tomás-Gil, Pau Martí-Lliteras, Josep Lluis Coll Villalonga, Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá, and Ángel Arturo López-González. "Dietary Intervention on Overweight and Obesity after Confinement by COVID-19." Nutrients 15, no. 4 (2023): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15040912.
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Background: Obesity has become a public health problem in our society and is associated with many diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, respiratory diseases, and cancer. Several studies relate weight loss in obese patients to improved anthropometric measurements and cardiometabolic risk. The objective of our study was to evaluate anthropometric changes, analytical parameters, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and metabolic scales, after a personalized weight loss program, through dietary advice to increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet and a motivational booster via mobile SMS messaging. Methods: Intervention study on a sample of 1964 workers, in which different anthropometric parameters were evaluated before and after dietary intervention: the metabolic score of insulin resistance; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using different scales; metabolic syndrome; atherogenic dyslipidemia; and the cardiometabolic index. A descriptive analysis of the categorical variables was performed, by calculating the frequency and distribution of the responses for each one. For quantitative variables, the mean and standard deviation were calculated, since they followed a normal distribution. Bivariate association analysis was performed by applying the chi-squared test (corrected by Fisher’s exact statistic when conditions required it) and Student’s t-test for independent samples (for comparison of means). Results: The population subjected to the Mediterranean diet improved in all the variables evaluated at 12 months of follow-up and compliance with the diet. Conclusions: Dietary advice on a Mediterranean diet and its reinforcement with reminder messages through the use of mobile phones may be useful to improve the parameters evaluated in this study and reduce the cardiometabolic risk of patients.
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Reyes-Domínguez, Ana Isabel, Javier Bernabeu-Sendra, Cristina Rodríguez-Sinovas, Alicia Santamaria-Orleans, Roser de Castellar-Sanso, and Jorge Martinez-Perez. "Post-Pandemic Feeding Patterns and Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Spanish Toddlers." Nutrients 15, no. 9 (2023): 2049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15092049.
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During the last decade, feeding patterns, more specifically those of children, have worsened—affecting dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence. Here, we examine the post-pandemic feeding habits of Spanish toddlers. A total of 2465 parents of children aged between 12 and 36 months completed an online 25-item multiple-choice survey asking about dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence. Only 34 children (1.38%) had an adequate intake of all of the food groups included in the questionnaire. Adherence worsened as toddlers grew (p < 0.0001). Further, lower compliance was found in children with a higher intake of fast food (p < 0.001), those with siblings (p = 0.0045), and children who were the second or third child (p = 0.0005). The food group with the most commonly reported adequate intake was fish (88% of children), followed by pulses (80%), water (79%), and meat (78%). Cow’s milk was the most commonly consumed dairy product among all age groups analyzed. Half of the children exhibited a low consumption of milk and dairy products. These results showed that a lack of adherence to a balanced diet is common among Spanish toddlers in the post-pandemic period and that greater parent education could improve the nutrition of toddlers.
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Gutierrez-Hervas, Ana, Esther Nova, Rocío Izquierdo-Gómez, et al. "Association Between Lifestyle Patterns and Abdominal Obesity with Biochemical and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adolescents with Down Syndrome: The UP&DOWN Study." Nutrients 16, no. 22 (2024): 3884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16223884.
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Background/Objectives: The main objective of this study was to examine the association between lifestyle patterns (physical activity, screen and sleep time and diet) and abdominal obesity, and endocrine, metabolic, and immunological biomarkers in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Methods: Eighty-three DS adolescents (38.6% girls), aged 11 to 18 years, from the UP&DOWN study were included. Cluster analysis was performed by including the compliance of recommendations of lifestyle variables, such as moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen and sleep time and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD). The waist-to-height ratio was used as an indicator of abdominal obesity. Haematological, biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers were analysed. Results: A three-cluster solution was identified: Cluster 1: adolescents with low compliance; Cluster 2: youth with medium compliance; and Cluster 3: adolescents with high compliance. Significant differences in MVPA (p = 0.000), screen time (p = 0.004), sleep time (p = 0.0001), AMD (p = 0.000) and abdominal obesity (p = 0.003) were found. Clusters 2 and 3 had lower levels of triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol than Cluster 1. Cluster 2, in which all adolescents met the MVPA recommendations, had the lowest levels of galactin 3. Conclusions: Compliance with lifestyle recommendations (PA, screen and sleep time and AMD) and the absence of abdominal obesity seem to be associated with better biochemical and inflammatory values.
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Vincent, S., M. Gerber, MC Bernard, et al. "The Medi-RIVAGE study (Mediterranean Diet, Cardiovascular Risks and Gene Polymorphisms): rationale, recruitment, design, dietary intervention and baseline characteristics of participants." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 4 (2004): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003547.
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AbstractObjective:To report the rationale, recruitment, design, dietary intervention and baseline characteristics of participants in the Medi-RIVAGE study (Mediterranean Diet, Cardiovascular Risks and Gene Polymorphisms).Design:A randomised, parallel trial comparing a new nutritional programme with a conventional programme.Setting:Centre for Detection and Prevention of Arteriosclerosis, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France, and collaborating teams.Subjects:Two hundred and twelve male and female volunteers with at least one cardiovascular risk factor.Intervention:A Mediterranean-type diet characterised mainly by the quality of fatty acids, amount of fish, vegetable foodstuffs and fibre was proposed and compared with a usually prescribed, low-fat/cholesterol diet. Body mass index, fasting lipids and lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, glucose, insulin and homocysteine were the main outcome measures. Gene polymorphisms of interest were determined.Results:Characteristics of men in the two arms were comparable with regard to sociodemographic variables, and clinical and biological cardiovascular risk factors. There were few differences between the groups of women (cholesterol-related parameters, P < 0.05). There was no difference between arms in allelic distribution of the gene polymorphisms studied. Saturated fat and protein intakes were high while carbohydrate and fibre intakes were low, but with no difference between arms. Overall, the nutritional markers were comparable in both arms with few exceptions. Correlations between nutritional intakes and plasma nutrient levels ranged from 0.19 (β-carotene) to 0.47 (folate).Conclusions:The comparability of the two arms is notable and warrants a low risk of biases. Current diet departs from the traditional Mediterranean one. The assessment of nutritional intake is validated by correlations obtained between dietary intake and relevant biomarkers. This will be important to estimate participant compliance and to analyse intervention data.
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Alkerwi, Ala'a, Cédric Vernier, Georgina E. Crichton, Nicolas Sauvageot, Nitin Shivappa, and James R. Hébert. "Cross-comparison of diet quality indices for predicting chronic disease risk: findings from the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg (ORISCAV-LUX) study." British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 2 (2014): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514003456.
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The scientific community has become increasingly interested in the overall quality of diets rather than in single food-based or single nutrient-based approaches to examine diet–disease relationships. Despite the plethora of indices used to measure diet quality, there still exist questions as to which of these can best predict health outcomes. The present study aimed to compare the ability of five diet quality indices, namely the Recommendation Compliance Index (RCI), Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), to detect changes in chronic disease risk biomarkers. Nutritional data from 1352 participants, aged 18–69 years, of the Luxembourg nationwide cross-sectional ORISCAV-LUX (Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg) study, 2007–8, were used to calculate adherence to the diet quality index. General linear modelling was performed to assess trends in biomarkers according to adherence to different dietary patterns, after adjustment for age, sex, education level, smoking status, physical activity and energy intake. Among the five selected diet quality indices, the MDS exhibited the best ability to detect changes in numerous risk markers and was significantly associated with lower levels of LDL-cholesterol, apo B, diastolic blood pressure, renal function indicators (creatinine and uric acid) and liver enzymes (serum γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase). Compared with other dietary patterns, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a favourable cardiometabolic, hepatic and renal risk profile. Diets congruent with current universally accepted guidelines may be insufficient to prevent chronic diseases. Clinicians and public health decision makers should be aware of needs to improve the current dietary guidelines.
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Sanz-Martín, Daniel, José Luis Ubago-Jiménez, Javier Cachón-Zagalaz, and Gabriel González-Valero. "Influence of bio-psycho-social factors on physical activity in Spanish undergraduate education students." SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte 13 (February 22, 2024): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/sportk.599371.
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It is essential to know the precise levels of compliance with physical activity recommendations for each population group and the determinants that condition them directly and indirectly. A cross-sectional study was designed for Spanish undergraduate education students with the following aims: 1) To analyse the influence of body mass index, Mediterranean diet, social network addiction, emotional intelligence and sitting time as predictors of compliance with physical activity recommendations; 2) To design an explanatory model to establish the relationships between body mass index, Mediterranean diet, addiction to social networks, emotional intelligence and sitting time of students who comply with physical activity recommendations. The binary logistic regression model designed had good fit (X2=4.15, p=0.04; R2 = 0.126; Hosmer-Leneshow p> 0.05). The structural equation model designed had good fit (CFI= 0.970, NFI=0.906, IFI= 0.971, TLI = 0.960, and RMSEA0.039). It can be concluded that the regression model predicts 12.6% of compliance with physical activity recommendations. Likewise, in the regression and structural equation models, time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity is positively related to body mass index and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Es fundamental conocer los niveles precisos de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de práctica de actividad física de cada grupo poblacional y los determinantes que los condicionan directa e indirectamente. Se diseñó un estudio transversal para estudiantes españoles de los Grados de Educación con los siguientes objetivos: 1) Analizar la influencia del índice de masa corporal, la dieta mediterránea, la adicción a redes sociales, la inteligencia emocional y tiempo sentado como predictores del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de práctica de actividad física; 2) Diseñar un modelo explicativo para establecer las relaciones entre el índice de masa corporal, la dieta mediterránea, la adicción a redes sociales, la inteligencia emocional y tiempo sentado de los estudiantes que cumplen las recomendaciones de práctica de actividad física. El modelo de regresión logística binaria diseñado tuvo buena bondad de ajuste (X2=4.15, p=0.04; R2 = 0.126; Hosmer-Leneshow p> 0.05). El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales tuvo buena bondad de ajuste (CFI= 0.970, NFI=0.906, IFI= 0.971, TLI = 0.960, and RMSEA0.039). Se puede concluir que el modelo de regresión predice el 12.6% del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física. Asimismo, en los modelos de regresión y de ecuaciones estructurales, el tiempo de actividad física moderada-vigorosa tiene relación positiva con el índice de masa corporal y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea.
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Liang, Shuang, Reeja Nasir, Michael Skilton, Clemence Toniutti, Kim Bell-Anderson, and Fiona O'Leary. "Biomarkers of Dietary Patterns: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab048_013.
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Abstract Objectives We undertook a systematic review of clinical trials to identify a) dietary biomarkers being used to assess dietary pattern compliance, and b) novel biomarkers that are affected by intake of distinct dietary patterns. Methods The search strategy was developed in Medline and adapted for four additional databases: EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, PreMedline, and CINAHL. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane tool. Results Literature search retrieved 3930 records; 450 full texts were assessed, and 30 articles reporting randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. The most studied dietary patterns were the Mediterranean diet, healthy Nordic diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, followed by low glycaemic-load diet, vegetarian diet, diets based on national and international guidelines (i.e., United Kingdom and World Health Organization Eating Guidelines), Korean diet and prudent diet. Of these, 13 articles incorporated prospectively identified dietary biomarkers, the most common being omega-3 index from erythrocytes or whole blood, 24-h urinary electrolytes, and serum or plasma carotenoids. Seventeen articles identified novel metabolomic biomarkers associated with dietary patterns, the most frequently identified being those associated with protein, lipid, and fish intakes. Conclusions Using dietary biomarkers of single nutrients, individual foods and food groups is commonly used to assess dietary compliance to dietary pattern interventions in controlled settings. However, identifying an individual's specific or broad dietary pattern, based on their biomarker profile, remains an area for future research. A framework that incorporates multiple biomarkers of individual dietary characteristics is likely necessary to accurately capture the complexity of dietary patterns. Funding Sources N/A.
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Neustaeter, A., J. Timpano, S. Lee, et al. "A157 DEFINITIONS OF MEDITERRANEAN DIET INCONSISTENTLY ASSOCIATE WITH MARKERS OF GUT BARRIER FUNCTION OR SUBCLINICAL INFLAMMATION IN A POPULATION-BASED COHORT." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 5, Supplement_1 (2022): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab049.156.
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Abstract Background The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is proposed to reduce the risk of Crohn’s disease (CD) onset in cohort studies, with inconsistent results. This inconsistency may be due to heterogeneity in defining MD scores. Additionally, relationships between MD compliance and intestinal permeability or sub-clinical inflammation are not defined. Aims We examined correlations between different MD scores, and determined associations between MD compliance and intestinal permeability or subclinical inflammation in a cohort of first degree relatives of CD patients. Methods We used food frequency questionnaire data from 2,112 subjects of the Crohn’s Colitis Canada- Genes, Environment, Microbial (CCC-GEM) project. We obtained 12 MD definitions from the literature and calculated daily percent compliance, we further compared MD scores via pairwise correlations (Kendall’s Tau). We measured intestinal permeability via urinary fractional excretion ratio of lactulose to mannitol (LMR) (LMR≥0.03 defined abnormal), and subclinical inflammation via fecal calprotectin (FCP) measured with BÜHLMANN fCAL® ELISA (FCP≥250 defined abnormal). We fit multivariable regression models between MD compliance and abnormal LMR and FCP, respectively. Two-sided p&lt;0.05 defined significance. Results There was large variation in cross-correlations among MD scores, from nil (t=0.0, p=0.54) to highly significant (t=0.97, p&lt;2.2e-16). Associations of MD compliance and abnormal LMR or FCP were in both directions of effect, largely non-significant. Of the 12 MD scores, none associated with abnormal LMR, while 4 associated with abnormal FCP-Odds Ratios =1.22, 1.23, 1.24, and 1.30; p=0.02, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.009, and 95% Confidence Intervals = [1.03,1.45], [1.04,1.45], [1.05,1.47], and [1.07,1.59] respectively. No diet remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. Conclusions Currently MD definitions vary widely. Despite discrepancies, we expected consistent directions of effect for MD compliance on LMR or FCP. The largely non-significant associations between MDs suggest limitations in definition, interpretation, and relation to biological outcomes. Submitted on behalf of the CCC-GEM consortium. Funding Agencies CIHRCrohn’s and Colitis Canada Genetics Environment Microbial (CCC-GEM) III;The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust; Justine Timpano is a recipient of a fellowship award from Mount Sinai Hospital; Kenneth Croitoru is the recipient of the Canada Research Chair in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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del Mar Bibiloni, Maria, Antoni Pons, and Josep A. Tur. "Compliance with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) among Balearic Islands' Adolescents and Its Association with Socioeconomic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 68, no. 1 (2015): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442302.
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Background and Aims: To assess the compliance levels of adolescents in the Balearic Islands with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED Index) and to assess its associations with socioeconomic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey (n = 1,231; 12-17 years) carried out in 2007-2008. The degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was evaluated using the KIDMED Index. Body composition, body image, socioeconomic factors, and physical activity were also assessed. Results: Around 30% of adolescents showed high adherence to MedDiet and 15.7% showed poor adherence. More boys (32.0%) than girls (25.2%) showed high adherence to MedDiet. However, the proportion of adolescents who were reported to skip breakfast was higher among girls than boys (30.0 vs. 19.2%, respectively). The OR for poor adherence to MedDiet was higher in adolescents who usually attend mass media during mealtime, in boys eating ≤3 occasions/day, and in physically inactive girls. In boys, poor adherence to MedDiet was associated with lower OR in the age range 12-13 and in those who wished to have a thin body shape. In girls, high parental educational level, time spent on media <2 h/day and eating breakfast regularly were also associated with lower OR for poor adherence to MedDiet. Conclusions: A high percentage of adolescents in Balearic Islands showed poor adherence to MedDiet.
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Hou, Xiaoxuan. "The effect of the Mediterranean diet on mental disorders: a systematic review." Theoretical and Natural Science 50, no. 1 (2024): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/50/2024au0148.
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Abstract. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered one of the most typical anti-inflammatory diets and has been widely studied. The benefits of MD for cardiovascular and nervous systems have been discussed, including significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, the impact of MD on mental disorders has not been fully studied. This systematic review selected several existing studies on the effects of MD on mental disorders and hopes that future research can determine the specific impact of MD on mental disorders. Results: For ADHD, the group taking omega-3 fatty acid supplements showed a significant decrease in BIS-11c scores after 8 weeks There is still controversy over whether following MD can prevent depression from occurring, the effect of MD on depression and refractory depression is not significant (all, p>0.05). MD has a significant impact on preventing postpartum depression. The higher the compliance of pregnant women with MD, the lower the incidence rate of postpartum depression (=0.236, p=0.027). MD also has a preventive effect on depression in the elderly, moderate and high adherence to MD can significantly reduce the incidence rate of common mental disorders, and moderate and high adherence to MD are protective factors against common mental disorders (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.35-0.98 and OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18-0.96, respectively).
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Klonizakis, Markos, Ahmad Alkhatib, Geoff Middleton, and Mark F. Smith. "Mediterranean diet- and exercise-induced improvement in age-dependent vascular activity." Clinical Science 124, no. 9 (2013): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20120412.
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The aging effect on microvascular integrity, marked by endothelial dysfunction and reduction in exercise tolerance, is a major cause of CVD (cardiovascular disease). Improved dietary habits, known to reduce morbidity and mortality, are also known to attenuate those aging effects. The present study investigated the effects of combined MD (Mediterranean diet) and exercise intervention on lower- and upper-limb cutaneous microvascular functions in an older healthy population. A total of 22 sedentary healthy participants (age, 55±4 years) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance test, and were assessed for their upper- and lower-limb vascular endothelial CVC (cutaneous vascular conductance) using LDF (laser Doppler fluximetry) with endothelium-dependent [ACh (acetylcholine chloride)] and -independent [SNP (sodium nitroprusside)] vasodilation. Participants were then randomized into two groups: MD and non-MD, and followed an 8-week intervention programme, which included discontinuous treadmill running based on each individual's exertion, twice per week. Exercise training improved CVC in both groups (e.g. 0.42±0.19 compared with 1.50±1.05 and 0.47±0.26 compared with 1.15±0.59 at 1000 μCb for MD and non-MD respectively; P<0.001). This was also combined by improvement in the exercise tolerance indicated by increased VT (ventilatory threshold) in both groups [12.2±2.8 compared with 14.8±2.8 ml·(kg of body weight)−1·min−1 and 11.7±2.7 compared with 14.6±3.2 ml·(kg of body weight)−1·min−1 for MD and non-MD groups respectively; P<0.05]. However, the MD group showed greater improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilation than non-MD [ANCOVA (analyses of co-variance), P=0.02]. The results of the present study suggest that compliance with MD, combined with regular moderate exercise, improves age-provoked microcirculatory endothelial dysfunction and increases exercise tolerance, both responsible for reducing cardiovascular risk in this age group.
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Scholl, Johannes. "Traditional Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Do They Meet the Needs of Our Patients?" Cholesterol 2012 (February 28, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/367898.
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The characteristics of patients with CVD have changed: whereas smoking prevalence declines, obesity and metabolic syndrome are on the rise. Unfortunately, the traditional low-fat diet for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) still seems to be the “mainstream knowledge” despite contradicting evidence. But lowering LDL-cholesterol by the wrong diet even may be counterproductive, if sd-LDL is raised and HDL is lowered. New insights into the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and its influence on the effects of dietary changes have led to a better approach: (1) the higher a patient's insulin resistance, the more important is the glycemic load of the diet. (2) Fat quality is much more important than fat quantity. (3) The best principle for a reduced calorie intake is not fat counting, but a high volume diet with low energy density, which means fibre rich vegetables and fruits. (4) And finally, satiation and palatability of a diet is very important: there is no success without the patient's compliance. Thus, the best approach to the dietary prevention of CVD is a Mediterranean style low-carb diet represented in the LOGI pyramid. Dietary guidelines for the prevention of CVD should to be revised accordingly.