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1
Zannoni, Nora. "OH reactivity measurements in the Mediterranean region." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS163/document.
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La réactivité totale OH est la perte totale du radical hydroxyle (le principal oxydant de l'atmosphère) avec les gaz réactifs dans l'air ambiant. Elle représente la mesure de la quantité totale des réactifs dans un environnement donné.Nous présentons ici un travail expérimental se concentrant sur les améliorations techniques d'une méthode appelée "Comparative Reactivity Method" pour mesurer la réactivité OH su le terrain ainsi que sur des résultats obtenus sur deux sites ciblés dans le bassin méditerranéen.La réactivité OH mesurée était élevée dans les deux sites. Sur le site récepteur en Corse (France) au cours de l'été 2013, nous avons observé que la réactivité OH était en moyenne de 5,5 s-1 (avec un maximum de 17 s-1). Ces mesures ont été comparées avec les observations de composés en phase gazeuse réalisées pendant la campagne. Il a été noté que pendant une période de la campagne, seulement 50% de la réactvité était expliqué par les mesures complémentaires.Lors de mesures dans une forêt de chênes pubescents, émetteurs isoprène, dans le sud de la France, nous avons observé que la réactivité OH maximale était très élevée (69 s-1), en accord avec la réactivité calculée à partir des mesures des gaz réactifs.Ce travail de thèse met en évidence que: (i) le bassin méditerranéen est un fort émetteur de gaz réactifs, (ii) la réactivité mesurée dans ces deux sites de la Méditerranée a été fortement impactée par les émissions biogéniques, (iii) il reste encore beaucoup de composés inconnus associés aux émissions biogéniques primaires et secondaires. A l'avenir, plusieurs approches pourraient etre utilisées pour identifier ces composés inconnus: en couplant la mesure de la réactivité OH avec des mesures de plantes dans des enceintes fermées (composés primaires), études en chambre de vieillissement (composés primaires et secondaires), ainsi que des approches de modélisationThe total OH reactivity is the total loss rate of the hydroxyl radical with the reactive gases in ambient air. It represents the measure of the total loading of reactants in a given environment.Here we present an experimental work focusing on the technical improvements of the Comparative Reactivity Method to measure the OH reactivity on the field and field measurements of OH reactivity at two targeted sites in the Mediterranean basin.The measured OH reactivity was high at both sites. At a receptor site in Corsica (France) during summer 2013, we observed that the OH reactivity was maximum 17 s-1, on average 5.5 s-1 and during one week only 50% was explained by the complementary measurements in the gas phase.At a forest of downy oak trees, high isoprene emitters, in the south of France, we observed that the OH reactivity was maximum 69 s-1, in agreement with the reactivity calculated from the measurements of reactive gases only during daytime.This thesis work highlights that: (i) the Mediterranean basin is a strong emitter of reactive gases, (ii) the reactivity measured in these two sites in the Mediterranean was strongly impacted by the biogenic emissions, (iii) there are still many unknowns associated to measures of biogenic volatiles primary emitted and secondary produced. Such unknowns might be reduced in the future by coupling the measurement of the OH reactivity with plants enclosures and chambers studies as well as modelling approaches
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Da, Re Jessica <1991>. "Security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7644.
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Lo studio intende guardare al Mediterraneo come regione geografica analizzando le sue peculiarità nel’ambito della sicurezza.
Viene tracciato un profilo dei principali approcci e dei settori degli studi sulla sicurezza per poi soffermarsi sulle attuali minacce alla sicurezza nel mondo globalizzato, in particolar modo il terrorismo. Si considera la regione Mediterranea e i problemi affrontati dai Paesi del Sud Mediterraneo, quali: conflitti regionali ed interni, mancanza di democrazia e di rispetto dei diritti umani, crescita demografica e migrazioni, scarsità di risorse e competizione, proliferazione di WMD, crescita di radicalismo islamico e terrorismo. Queste minacce coinvolgono da vicino i Paesi del Sud europeo e per estensione tutta l’Unione Europea. Data la sua vicinanza, gli interessi e il ruolo che ricopre, l’UE si è impegnata nella costruzione di un dialogo tra Europa e Mediterraneo. Si ricostruiscono dunque fasi, risultati, fallimenti e possibili evoluzioni di questo progetto.
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Parra, Robles María Dolores. "International trade and competitiveness in the Mediterranean region." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669062.
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La tesis pretende analizar aspectos relacionados con la integración de los países mediterráneos en el contexto económico internacional, aspectos que resultan de especial interés para esta región puesto que son claves para su desarrollo económico, su estudio es particularmente relevante para evaluar las políticas llevadas a cabo, así como para rediseñar aquellas que no están siendo todo lo efectivas que se preveía.
En un primer lugar se analizan el impacto que han tenido los acuerdos de libre comercio celebrados por diez países del Norte de África y Oriente Próximo sobre su comercio exterior, con el objetivo de comparar los efectos de una mayor integración Sur-Sur con una vinculación más estrecha con los mercados del Norte. Se diferencia entre productos industriales y agrícolas, ya que permite llevar a cabo un estudio más profundo y especifico del contenido de dichos acuerdos.
Los resultados muestran que la integración entre países árabes está generando ya resultados positivos, en particular el acuerdo GAFTA está intensificando el intercambio bilateral entre los países miembros. Esta apuesta hacia una mayor integración árabe representa una nueva oportunidad para muchos países y puede servir de puente para promover el dialogo y establecer nuevas oportunidades en la región. Sin embargo, los acuerdos Norte-Sur celebrados no han ayudado a incrementar en la medida esperada las exportaciones entre ambas regiones. En el caso del acuerdo de libre comercio con la Unión Europea, los resultados muestran que se han obtenido mejoras en las exportaciones de la UE hacia la región MENA, pero no en sentido inverso, en línea con lo que obtienen estudios anteriores. Lo novedoso de nuestros resultados aparece con el acuerdo firmado entre Estados Unidos y Jordania y entre Estados Unidos y Marruecos, dicho acuerdo muestra un efecto positivo para las exportaciones de ambos países incluidos para el caso de los productos agrícolas. Así pues, de los resultados empíricos obtenidos se extrae que los países de la cuenca sur del Mediterráneo deberían considerar una estrategia de negociación en la liberalización de su comercio que concentre la misma en aquellos productos donde su competitividad es mayor. Ello requerirá un mayor equilibrio en la articulación de dichos acuerdos, en los que la producción agrícola e industrial configure un patrón sectorial de exportaciones acordes con su estructura productiva. Del mismo parece razonable apostar por una mayor integración intra-árabe, a pesar de las dificultades evidentes que esto conlleva, especialmente en un contexto político y social tan turbulento como el actual.
Otro aspecto analizado es el papel que tiene el comercio internacional en la competitividad de las empresas. Tal y como se ha desarrollado en el segundo capítulo, entender las estrategias de internacionalización de las empresas es de particular relevancia, en especial si se quiere diseñar políticas efectivas que sirvan de apoyo a las industrias nacionales. En el estudio llevado a cabo se ha analizado la relación existente entre las actividades de importación y exportación de las empresas manufactureras egipcias. Los resultados muestran que las empresas cuando exportan o importan mejoran su competitividad y alcanzan un mayor tamaño en comparación con las empresas que únicamente operan en el mercado nacional. Se observa igualmente un alto grado de histéresis, donde el posicionamiento previo en los mercados internacionales explica una buena parte de la actividad internacional actual, en este sentido si la empresa tiene experiencia exportadora en los años anteriores, esto afectará de forma positiva a que la consolide en la actualidad y lo mismo ocurre para el caso importador. Con los datos y análisis realizado en este segundo capítulo no podemos establecer un nexo de causalidad entre ambas actividades dejando esto para futuras líneas de investigación, aun así se constata que los costes hundidos para las importaciones son mayores que los que se deben hacer frente para la exportación. A pesar de que este resultado parece poco intuitivo ante la lógica del comercio internacional donde la actividad de exportación aparece como algo más costoso para las empresas que la importación, para el caso concreto de Egipto parece tomar sentido desde un punto de vista donde las exportaciones de las empresas del país se han liberalizado completamente desde la entrada en vigor de los acuerdos de libre comercio mientras que la liberalización de las importaciones se ha producido de forma progresiva. Un análisis más exhaustivo resulta necesario para llegar a resultados más concluyentes, aun así parece tener solidez la argumentación de que las empresas que se incorporan en el comercio internacional aprovechan dicha apertura y las relaciones comerciales que esto conlleva para desarrollar operaciones en ambos sentidos.
Después de analizar en los capítulos anteriores aspectos relacionados con el comercio internacional, consideramos necesario abordar cómo el entorno político-institucional está influyendo sobre el comportamiento de las empresas en la región. En el tercer y último capítulo se analizan los obstáculos a los que las empresas egipcias han tenido que hacer frente en los años anteriores a la revolución. De los resultados obtenidos se constata que el acceso y coste a la financiación, los altos impuestos, el precio de la tierra, la situación de inestabilidad política o suministros básicos como el agua o la luz son los principales obstáculos para llevar a cabo la actividad empresarial en Egipto, especialmente en el caso de las empresas más pequeñas y que no cuentan con capital extranjero. En términos de política económica las conclusiones parecen evidentes, se hace indispensable una estrategia de mejora en las infraestructuras básicas como el agua o la electricidad y de la modernización del sistema fiscal, así como del sistema financiero, con los efectos positivos que esto supondrá en términos de financiación empresarial donde los resultados a medio y largo plazo serán un incremento de la competitividad empresarial que favorecerá el crecimiento económico y la generación de empleo.
En definitiva los estudios llevados a cabo y que configuran el núcleo de esta tesis doctoral pretenden analizar y evaluar la integración de los países del Norte de África y Oriente Próximo en el contexto económico internacional y examinar aspectos clave para la mejora de la competitividad de las empresas de la región, concretamente centrando los dos últimos capítulos en Egipto, debido al interés que despierta el país por la situación política actual.
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Aronne, G. "Reproductive biology of shrubs of the Mediterranean region." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592080.
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Reproductive biology of Mediterranean shrubs was studied in the macchia vegetation on the costal region north of the bay of Naples, Southern Italy. An overall view of the reproductive characteristics of 27 shrub species present in the area showed the presence of two main groups of species, anemophilous and entomophilous. Amongst the entomophilous species are two diverging trends, towards either a group of dioecious, small-flowered, fleshy-fruited, few-to-one seeded species or to an hermaphrodite, large-flowered, dry-fruited, many seeded group. Each group of species exhibits a combination of characteristics which taken together may be viewed as adaptation to the water and nutrient limited Mediterranean shrubland ecosystem. Subsequently, a more detailed study of the reproductive cycles of a number of species of each trend has been carried out during the period 1990-1993, with both field and laboratory observations and experiments. Rhamnus alaternus L. is a dioecious species with both wind and insect pollination, and female plants showing a clear alternate-bearing phenology and summer fruiting period. The drupe has three stones and the endocarps, when air-dried, split open explosively to reveal the seed which bears an elaiosome. Ans have been shown to collect the diaspore, eat the elaiosome and discard the undamaged seed. Osyris alba L. is a dioecious, hemiparasitic shrub pollinated by small flies which are attracted to the male flowers because they provide nectar and pollen as reward and to the female flowers by mimicry of the attractive features of the males but without any reward. Field observations on Phillyrea latifolia L. showed that this species exhibit androdioecy. Male plants allocate all their reproductive resources to the male function while hermaphrodite plants share resources to both male and female functions.
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Trigo, Isabel Franco. "A climatology of cyclones in the Mediterranean region." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327284.
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Taymaz, Tuncay. "Earthquake source parameters in the eastern Mediterranean region." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335248.
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Egbe, Daniel Enonnchong. "The Global Mediterranean Policy : the evolution of the EU-Mediterranean countries relations during 1976-1998 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9998481.
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Helman, Marc. "Tectonics of the Western Mediterranean." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d799ab4-d55f-4f58-92a6-1478dd14e5f3.
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The evolution of the Western Mediterranean takes place between the converging African and Eurasian plates, therefore the motion between them cannot be determined directly. The motion between them is the finite difference between the independent seafloor spreading systems in the Central and North Atlantic Oceans. Primary magnetic anomaly data from the North and Central Atlantic was reexamined. All Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic anomalies (Anomaly 34 - Anomaly 2) were remapped. Fracture zones were remapped using bathymetic maps, topographic profiles from ship tracks, SEASAT altimetry (geoid deflection) data, and SEASAT derived gravity images. Fracture zones were used as the primary control for the determination of rotation parameters. Finite difference solutions were computed between matched anomalies using the newly determined rotation parameters for each ocean with parameters of Pindell et al. (1988) used for Early Cretaceous and Jurassic spreading in the Central Atlantic. The product was a kinematic model describing the motion of Africa with respect to Europe from 175 Ma to the present. The motion of Africa was seen to be much smoother and not marked by the sharp, unusual direction changes that characterized previous work. On a gross scale the motion could be divided into phases that correlated with major geological events, but on a smaller scale it was clear that relative motion between Africa and Eurasia did little more than set very broad boundary conditions within which a variety of geological events occurred. Africa's motion is divisible into several distince phases. From the Jurassic start of seafloor spreading until the Late Cretaceous Quiet Zone (KQZ) the motion between the plates was sinistral strike-slip. During the KQZ, but prior to Anomaly 34 (84 Ma, Campanian) Africa's motion changed to northeasterly directed compression. Shortly after Anomaly 30 (68 Ma), close to the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, until after Anomaly 24 (55 Ma, mid-Eocene) there was a period of little relative motion between the two plates. After Anomaly 24 strong relative motion recommenced between Africa and Eurasia. Africa continued on a trajectory between N and NNE until the Middle Miocene (Anomalies 5A - 5D) when motion became directed to the NW. Within the relative motion framework a model for the geological evolution of the Western Mediterranean Sea is evolved. Although the Western Mediterranean is a Neogene phenomena the history of the region prior to this time is also examined, albeit in less detail. Among the major problems for which solutions are suggested is the convergence direction of Iberia with respect to Europe and the reason extension initiated in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
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Brussee, Sandra Ellan. "Dietary Patterns of Mediterranean Adolescents." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BrusseeSE2005.pdf.
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Cayan, Umit N. "NATO's Mediterranean dialogue : challenges and prospects /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FCayan.pdf.
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Hodge, Edward James. "Palaeoclimate of the western Mediterranean region : results from speleothems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411111.
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Schivardi, Renata <1978>. "Surface wave tomography in the european and mediterranean region." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/359/2/Tesi_Schivardi_Renata.pdf.
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Schivardi, Renata <1978>. "Surface wave tomography in the european and mediterranean region." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/359/.
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Bergantin, Lorenzo. "Luke 9:51-56 paradigmatic missionary undertaking /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Traub, Michael Andreas. "Lagrangian transport evaluation of atmospheric chemistry in the Mediterranean region." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975874489.
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Nkwenti, Camila Fuomene. "Marine Protected areas of the mediterranean region: Management and challenges." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4491.
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In 2004, the seventh Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity adopted a Programme of Work on Protected Areas. The overall target of this programme was to establish and maintain by 2010, for terrestrial areas and by 2012 for marine protected areas, a comprehensive, effectively managed and ecologically representative system of protected areas that collectively and significantly, will reduce the rate of loss of biodiversity. Marine protected areas (MPA) are being established worldwide in response to a growing recognition of the need for conservation efforts, and because of the degradation of ocean systems. The global number of MPAs has been increasing significantly over the last decade and approximately 5000 MPAs have been designated worldwide covering about 2.68 million km. MPAs play a major role in conservation, human welfare, poverty alleviation and sustainable development. When designated correctly and managed well, MPAs play a key role in protecting ecosystems and, in some cases, it enhances or restores the productive potential of coastal and marine fisheries
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Mújica, Chacín Marelys Josefina. "Environmental risk assessment in the mediterranean region using artificial neural networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84044.
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Los mapas auto-organizados han demostrado ser una herramienta apropiada para la clasificación y visualización de grupos de datos complejos. Redes neuronales, como los mapas auto-organizados (SOM) o las redes difusas ARTMAP (FAM), se utilizan en este estudio para evaluar el impacto medioambiental acumulativo en diferentes medios (aguas subterráneas, aire y salud humana). Los SOMs también se utilizan para generar mapas de concentraciones de contaminantes en aguas subterráneas simulando las técnicas geostadísticas de interpolación como kriging y cokriging. Para evaluar la confiabilidad de las metodologías desarrolladas en esta tesis, se utilizan procedimientos de referencia como puntos de comparación: la metodología DRASTIC para el estudio de vulnerabilidad en aguas subterráneas y el método de interpolación espacio-temporal conocido como Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) para el análisis de calidad del aire.
Esta tesis contribuye a demostrar las capacidades de las redes neuronales en el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías y modelos que explícitamente permiten evaluar las dimensiones temporales y espaciales de riesgos acumulativos.
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Domènech, i. Masons Roser. "Cortaderia Selloana invasion in the mediterranean region: invasiveness and ecosystem invasibility." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3668.
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Les invasions biològiques són un component fonamental del canvi global juntament amb els canvis d'usos del sòl. Al llarg de la història, els éssers humans han traslladat de manera accidental o intencionada espècies natives d'un hàbitat concret cap a noves zones, però aquest procés s'ha vist accelerat durant els últims segles degut al desenvolupament del comerç a gran escala. En conseqüència, la diversitat global està canviant, i alhora s'està produint un augment en el nombre d'invasions biològiques. Els ecosistemes mediterranis són un bon marc per l'estudi de les invasions ja que són extremadament sensibles a tots els components del canvi global, especialment als canvis d'usos del sòl i a la introducció d'espècies exòtiques. L'objectiu principal d'aquest treball consisteix en identificar els factors ambientals, biòtics i històrics que poden facilitar l'entrada i establiment de Cortaderia selloana, una gramínia perenne nativa d'Amèrica del Sud. Aquest objectiu s'ha assolit mitjançant anàlisis observacionals (inventaris), experiments de camp, d'hivernacle y de laboratori. Així doncs, s'ha examinat la invasió de C. selloana en hàbitats ruderals i no ruderals, relacionant-la amb els factors biòtics i ambientals d'aquests. També s'ha establert un vincle entre la història d'usos del sòl i la invasió d'aquesta espècie. S'ha estudiat l'efecte de l'edat successional, el tipus de vegetació i la pertorbació en la invasió de C. selloana. S'ha analitzat la resposta d'aquesta espècie a la competència i a l'estrès hídric, i finalment, s'ha analitzat la germinació de C. selloana en diferents condicions ecològiques de laboratori.
Els hábitats ruderals, que sovint són pertorbats per l'acció de l'home, presenten un major reclutament de nous individus que els no ruderals. A més, hi ha una relació positiva entre la presencia de C. selloana i el nombre de canvis d'usos del sòl. També s'ha demostrat que l'establiment d'aquesta espècie és baix i que la invasió de C. selloana, entesa com el percentatge de supervivència i creixement de plàntules, no depèn ni de l'estadi successional en el què es trobi la vegetació ni del tipus de vegetació. Però, la pertorbació del sòl augmenta significativament el seu establiment. L'èxit de la invasió es pot atribuir a la seva capacitat de germinar en un ampli ventall de condicions ecològiques. Aquesta espècie no és competitivament superior a altres espècies natives del mateix grup funcional i en el mateix estadi de desenvolupament, tot i que sí que és més resistent a l'estrès hídric que les espècies natives.
Biological invasions are a major component of global change after land-use changes. During the last centuries, there has been an important intentional or accidental exchange of species which has been recently promoted by the global trade. In consequence, the global biodiversity is changing and biological invasions are being promoted.
Mediterranean ecosystems are suitable for studying biological invasions due to their high susceptibility to all the global change components, especially to land-use changes and biological invasions. The aim of this study is to identify the environmental, biotic and historic factors that may ease Cortaderia selloana, a perennial grass native to South America, establishment. This objective has been achieved through observational analyses (field surveys) and field, greenhouse and laboratory experiments. For this reason, we have examined C. selloana invasion in ruderal and non-ruderal habitats by linking the invasion with the abiotic and biotic factors of these habitats. We have studied the relationship between land-use history and C. selloana invasion and the role of successional age, vegetation-type and soil disturbances on C. selloana invasion. We have also determined C. selloana response to competition and water stress. Finally, we have analysed C. selloana seed germination under different ecological conditions in the laboratory.
Ruderal habitats, which are frequently disturbed by human activities, have a higher recruitment of new plants than non-ruderal habitats. In addition, there is a positive correlation between the number of land-use changes and C. selloana invasion. C. selloana establishment in natural areas is low and its invasion, measured as percentage germination and growth of seedlings, neither depends on the successional stage nor on the vegetation type. However, soil disturbance significantly improves C. selloana establishment. C. selloana invasive success can be related to its capacity to germinate under a wide range of ecological conditions. This species is not a better competitor than other native species of the functional group and life history stage, yet C. selloana is more resistant to water stress than native species.
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Ramos, de Fuentes Eduardo. "Developing of new stress-tolerant rice varieties for the Mediterranean region." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663479.
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Rice (Oryza sativa) is the most important crop for human direct consumption, but its yield and production are strongly affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. Rice is the most salt-sensitive cereal and in addition, salinity is a rising problem around the world reinforced by the climate change effects such as rise of the sea level, soil degradation and water scarcity. Regarding biotic stresses, the apple snail (Pomacea sp.) is one of the worst introduced pest that affects rice production. It has been detected for first time in Europe in Spain, in 2009 in Ebro River Delta, destroying rice fields at seedling stage. Additionally, rice blast, caused by an ascomycete called Pyricularia oryzae, is a disease that strongly affects the rice production worldwide causing yield losses that range from 15% to 50%, even using specific fungicides.
The main objective of this thesis is to develop new stress-tolerant rice varieties for the Mediterranean region, by the introgression of the Saltol QTL and new blast resistance genes to Mediterranean local varieties.
A molecular marker assisted backcross scheme (using KASP technology) was followed to introgress the salt tolerance traits. The Saltol donor varieties were FL478 and IR64-Saltol, two salt-tolerant Asiatic indica rice lines, while the recurrent parental lines were PL12 and PM37, two Mediterranean japonica rice lines. BC3F3 plants were tested for salt tolerance in hydroponic assays. The standard evaluation system (SES) described by IRRI was used to evaluate the lines. Relative chlorophyll content (RCC, measured with a SPAD), fresh weight and plant length was also recorded. Additionally, two consecutive years of field assays were performed in Ebro River Delta using different foreign and local lines (and their hybrids), to evaluate their general performance and rice blast resistance.
From the 4 crosses combination performed between both Saltol donors and both Mediterranean recurrent parents, PL12 x FL478 (LP cross) and PM37 x IR64-Saltol (MS) were selected to proceed with the whole backcrossing process, to determine the return to the recurrent parent genome and to obtain the homozygous Saltol BC3F4 seeds. For the hydroponic assays, 54 BC3LPF3 lines were initially tested since a high variability between lines was observed. From them, some lines like LP-3, LP-15 or LP-17, performed similar or even better in the SES than the salinity donor FL478 line. The RCC data showed again a high variability between lines, although RCC did not correlate with SES results. The data analysis was hindered due to the differences scored between replicates and the fact that much of them were totally dead at the end of the assay. A certain degree of heterozygosity may explain the variability found between replicates during the SES evaluation. The fresh weight (FW) and the plant length in both shoot and root was strongly affected by the salinity treatment. However, the reduction was higher in shoot than in root. Finally, the blast tolerance field assays were severely affected by the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis, both years. The evaluation for rice blast tolerance was really difficult and no outstanding line was selected to proceed.
In conclusion, the Saltol QTL has been successfully introgressed in two Mediterranean japonica rice varieties, although more replicates of the hydroponics assays must be performed to confirm and select the most salt tolerant obtained lines. These lines will be tested in 2018 and 2019 in field assays, under salinized and no salinized conditions. Regarding rice blast resistance field assays, no conclusive results were achieved. More field assays must be done, and other lines should be tested. In order to reduce C. suppressalis infestations, more phytosanitary actions should be taken in the future.
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Rosenbaum, Gideon. "Tectonic reconstruction of the Alpine orogen in the western Mediterranean region." Monash University, School of Geosciences, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9481.
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Johnson, Robert E. "Creative Solutions for Environmental Issues in Morocco and the Mediterranean Region." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin153563618700368.
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Bajis, Dalia. "Competency-Based Pharmacy Education and Training in the Eastern Mediterranean Region." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/21022.
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Competency-based pharmacy education (CBPE) is a useful pedagogical approach to curricula development, improvements in the knowledge, skills and attitudes of learners, as well as enhanced health service delivery. The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), developed evidence-based frameworks to support global advancement of pharmacy education. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the extent of CBPE in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). The EMR has the second largest number of trained pharmacists in the world. And while pharmacy education has experienced rapid changes in the EMR, pharmacy practice remains stunted. By utilising FIP education frameworks as mapping tools, a mix of literature review, qualitative and quantitative research was conducted. A systematic literature review supported the development of qualitative research interview guides. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were carried out to identify and explore pharmacy stakeholders’ perspectives of pharmacy education in the EMR. Findings from qualitative research led to conducting interventional and competency-based educational studies with pharmacy students in Jordan. This body of research has made a significant contribution to the academic literature on the status of pharmacy education and quality assurance in the EMR. It has shed light on a region fraught with political, social and economic complexities, and how these can permeate education, such as pharmacy education. Advancing pharmacy education in the EMR and elsewhere in the world calls for purposeful rethinking of competence; in relation to performance of the whole pharmacist required to function in a specific working environment, and not merely competencies; academic reform, teaching, learning and assessment methods; and teacher preparation.
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Samuel, James Gribble. "The 'Radical Underworld' of the Mediterranean: William Eton, Malta, and the British Mediterranean Empire, 1770-1806." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20065.
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In 1806, the British protectorate of Malta was engulfed in political scandal when accusations of ‘despotism’, ‘tyranny’ and ‘torture’, were made against the island’s Civil Commissioner, Sir Alexander Ball. This episode, alongside other contemporary colonial controversies, has recently attracted attention as a starting point for histories charting British attempts to construct a coherent imperial legal system across the first half of the nineteenth century. Rather than viewing the events at Malta in 1806 as the beginnings of a nineteenth-century story, this thesis however argues for the need to understand them as the culmination of a longer eighteenth-century saga. Applying a biographical lens, this thesis traces the Mediterranean career of William Eton, the minor colonial official who was chiefly responsible for the accusations made at Malta. As this thesis argues, ostensibly marginal figures such as Eton make particularly useful subjects for such an approach due to the fact that their life stories do not fit neatly into existing historical narratives, and thus cut across and connect supposedly distinct historical processes. Through Eton, this thesis connects the political scandal at Malta in 1806 to the intellectual and cultural circles of the North-German Enlightenment, to London networks of metropolitan political radicalism in the 1790s, as well as to the secret diplomacy, espionage, and foreign policy endeavours of the British and Russian empires in the Mediterranean in the late-eighteenth century. By piecing together the fragmentary traces of Eton’s transient career, with his diverse networks and multi-layered sociability, as well as his many endeavours to succeed, this thesis therefore provides a clear insight into just how interconnected British and Mediterranean trade was with diplomacy, politics, and the social and intellectual currents of European life during the ‘Age of Revolutions,’ as well as the lasting impacts these connections had on shaping British imperial governance at Malta.
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Simonson, William David. "Vegetation structure and composition of mediterranean oak forests : an investigation with airborne lidar." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607736.
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Kontes, Zoë Sophia. "Social articulation in the early Bronze Age of the central Mediterranean /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174629.
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Ozyurt, Figen Gulcin. "Internationalization Of Communication In Greater Eastern Mediterranean Region Turkey, Greece And Israel." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608916/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the current and possible impacts of the new global information and communication order regime institutionalized by the 1993 WTO agreements, GATS and TRIPS, and the following 1997 BTS agreement on Turkey, Greece and Israel, telecommunications markets, three important countries of the GEMED region. Since the early 1980s these countries have showed significant efforts to establish telecommunications systems and computer networks based on high- technology. They have adopted corporate-oriented strategies and complemented necessary changes consisting up of four stages: liberalization, deregulation, corporatization and privatization in order to internationalize and to realize full liberalization of their national telecommunications markets. Full liberalization and resulting internationalization process has increased interests of global telecommunications giants seeking new markets for their IT products and services based on NGN technologies to enter into the Turkish Greek, and Israeli telecommunications markets. Huge costs of NGN technologies will inevitably accelerate merging and resulting concentration process in the hands of the very few numbers of conglomerates will likely conclude with &ldquoback to natural monopoly position&rdquo
whose rules will be defined by private monopoly consisting up of merging two or three the most powerful private conglomerates.
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Lindon, Heather Lynn. "Genetic variation in Bromus tectorum (L.) (Poaceae) in the Eastern Mediterranean region." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2007/H_Lindon_042707.pdf.
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Georgiou, Georgios. "Assessing energy and thermal comfort of domestic buildings in the Mediterranean region." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18199.
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Nowadays, buildings are responsible for the 40% of energy consumption in the European Union, with energy up to 68% being coherent with thermal loads. Acknowledging the great potential of building sector, a substantial amount of the current building inventory must be refurbished, based on the trade-offs between energy and thermal comfort. To this effect, this study investigates the impact of retrofitting measures in residential envelope for areas experience Mediterranean climate. Seven detached houses, located in Cyprus, were modelled, investigating 253 parameters of envelope interventions and also, 7,056 combinations of these measures. In general, the findings revealed a seasonal performance variation of interventions with regards to the outdoor climate. The application of roof insulation determined as the most economic viable solution during retrofitting (single interventions), achieving a reduction up to 25% of annual energy consumption with enhancement of the indoor thermal environment. In the perspective of synergies between interventions, the application of roof and external walls thermal insulation with upgrade of glazing system with double Low-E demonstrated exemplary levels of performance decreasing on average energy consumption up to 38%.The findings of this research will contribute on the development of guidelines for designers and house builders for a perceptual retrofitting of existing residential envelopes in Cyprus and also, for countries experiencing the Mediterranean climate.
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Boening, Astrid Bettina. "From the Barcelona Process to the Union for the Mediterranean: Sectors and Levels of Integration and Trust in the Mediterranean Region." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/642.
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This dissertation is a case study of the EuroMed Partnership (EMP). It aims to examine the complex political, economic and social interrelationships in the EMP, and their impact on regional security in the Euro-Mediterranean region. The main thesis proposed here is that regional integration is taking place to the point of a regional security complex being established among EMP-member countries. This would contrast with the Middle East Regional Security Complex suggested by Buzan and Waever (2003). The dynamics observed reflect realist concerns with security among members. They also display neo-liberal integration approaches as well as the regional reciprocal (re-)constructions of structure, interests, and identities as suggested in the constructivist literature. A triangulated mix of qualitative research methods is utilized with primary data from elite interviews, as well as from official publications of member governments and institutes. Secondary data from analyses by other researchers provide comparison data for this dissertation. It will contribute to a framework for understanding the shifting security environment in the Euro-Mediterranean region from 1995 to the present in terms of regional integration, peacemaking and peacekeeping.
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Pace, Michelle. "Rethinking the Mediterranean : reality and re-presentation in the creation of a 'region'." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343384.
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Kampezidou, Dimitra. "Spatial distribution of heavy metals in surface marine sediments in the Mediterranean region." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-111066.
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Several scientific articles were mainly reviewed from Umeå’ s university database in order to determine the distribution, degree of contamination, and the sources of 7 selected heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Ni) in surface sediments along the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. The Enrichment factor (EF) was used as pollution indicator to evaluate the extent of metal contamination in all the investigated areas. According to Abrahim and Parker (2008) the EF is defined as the ratio of the determined metal to Al (or Fe) in the sample divided by the ratio of background metal to background Al (or Fe) ratio. According to the results of this study, EF values for Cr, Pb, Cu, Cd and Ni presented an upward trend along the west to east shoreline of the Mediterranean sea, whereas Zn and Hg EF values showed a downward trend along this region. Cr generally exhibited no enrichment in places to the west (EF<1.5) whereas in the eastern side displayed moderate enrichment (EF=1.95). Pb EF values showed moderate enrichment (EF=5) along the western section of the sea, whilst in the eastern part revealed significant enrichment (5.45). Zn pollution levels were minimal (EF=1.6) in places to the west and moderate (EF=2.2) to the east. The enrichment for Cd was considered moderate in the western part of the basin and significant in the eastern section. These heavy metals distribution can be explained by the fact that different inputs (mainly due to anthropogenic activities) from the inshore environment may take place in each area of the sea. However, Cu and Ni presented the same degree of pollution (moderate) in the whole sea, presumably indicating similar Cu and Ni inputs from the terrestrial environment. However, conclusions for Hg were not possible to be drawn as the collected data were not sufficient.
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Parducci, Laura. "Genetics and evolution of the Mediterranean Abies species /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5882-X.pdf.
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Vincentová, Romana. "Mezinárodní souvislosti projektu Středomořské unie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10188.
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This work focuses on the Mediterranean Union project proposed by Nicolas Sarkozy during the French presidential campaign in 2007. It represents a comprehensive portrayal of the Mediterranean region which has been due to its unique characteristics the center of attention of various international parties involved. These have been trying to take advantage of the Mediterranean Sea potential namely since the end of the 20th century and, at the same time, to introduce stability by means of various integration groups and further projects of cooperation. The Barcelona Process was the most complex partnership project within the Mediterranean territory which was launched by the European Union in 1995. The Barcelona Process or the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership nevertheless has not brought any significant achievements, with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict being considered the greatest impediment to its success. The work stresses the significance of the new project of the Mediterranean Union, which should learn a lesson from all the previous and, in many aspects unsuccessful, integration efforts and try to find a different way which would lead to achieving stability and cooperation of the countries within the region. In 2008, the Union for the Mediterranean developed from the Mediterranean Union project, which should reassume within the most possible extent the Barcelona Process. At the same time, the new integration approach should not consist of setting general goals but of formulating specific goals and their gradual implementation, which could lead to the unity of the region in the end. Complex political issues, however, still pose the major threat today.
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Zamfira, Vlad Radu. "The decline of Venetian imperialism, 1559-1581 : the causes and consequences of the fourth Ottoman War, the loss of Cyprus and its impact on Mediterranean geopolitics." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=233955.
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Serradilla, Avery Dan Manuel. "Seville: between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, 1248-1492 : pre-Columbus commercial routes from and to Seville /." St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/340.
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Fragkou, Maria Christina. "Evaluation of urban sustainability through a metabolic perspective. Application in a Mediterranean coastal region." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3293.
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Reconociendo la importancia de la urbe en el desarrollo sostenible global, esta tesis se enfoca en dos aspectos de la sostenibilidad urbana mediante una perspectiva metabólica. De acuerdo con las pautas metodológicas de la Análisis de Flujos de Materiales (Material Flow Accounting - MFA) presentadas por Eurostat en 2001, dos nuevas metodologías se desarrollan con el objetivo de evaluar la gestión de agua y de residuos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU). Ellas se aplican en los municipios litorales de la región metropolitana de Barcelona por un período de ocho años, no solamente examinando el sistema en su totalidad, sino también evaluando cada municipio por separado.La primera metodología complementa MFA contabilizando todos los flujos artificiales de agua de un sistema, refiriendo a los flujos que consisten en el agua de tuberías y el agua drenada; se consideran también los flujos indirectos relacionados con las entradas y las salidas, correspondiendo a las pérdidas de agua. La segunda metodología describe eficientemente los flujos de RSU, no sólo dentro del sistema examinado sino entre sistemas vecinales también, contabilizando de las importaciones y exportaciones de RSU y los residuos secundarios generados en las plantas de tratamiento de RSU, siguiendo cada residuo sólido hasta su deposición final.
Consecutivamente, dos indicadores se proponen para la evaluación de la sostenibilidad urbana en relación con estos asuntos:
· Un indicador de sostenibilidad del uso del agua, basado en las demandas del sistema en términos del agua y del agua renovable que eso recibe en la forma de agua de lluvia.
· Un indicador adecuado para la revisión de las estrategias de la gestión de RSU, en línea con principios básicos de la gestión de residuos, que refleja la capacidad de un sistema para gestionar la cantidad de RSU que acepta y el grado del sostenibilidad de las prácticas del tratamiento dentro del sistema, valorando como la mejor opción el uso de residuos como materias primas.
El perfil energético del sistema estudiado se analiza también, empleando una metodología más simple para la descripción de sus flujos energéticos, por la importancia de estos flujos en un área urbana y con el objetivo de proporcionar una visión más completa sobre el metabolismo del caso de estudio.
Los resultados revelan un pobre funcionamiento metabólico para el sistema estudiado en términos de gestión de RSU, en ambos niveles espaciales, con bajos porcentajes de reciclaje y de reutilización. El sistema tiene un gran grado de dependencia de importaciones energéticas mientras la contribución de fuentes renovables es trivial. Con relación al agua, los resultados de su metabolismo demuestran la importancia de estos flujos para el sistema y la magnitud significativa de las pérdidas de agua. Los satisfactorios valores del indicador muestran que el sistema podría cubrir sus necesidades explotando el agua precipitada; sin embargo, la carencia de instalaciones relevantes en la mayoría de los municipios indica la necesidad de decisiones más atrevidas sobre la administración del agua en esta región que sufre de sequías severas.
Las herramientas propuestas en esta tesis se demuestran capaces de detectar las problemáticas y los cambios en relación con relevante infraestructura y políticas. Los dos indicadores finalmente, pueden servir como herramientas valiosas para el planeamiento o la remodelación de áreas urbanas, contribuyendo a/apoyando la toma de decisiones para la determinación del tamaño de la población, densidad y crecimiento urbano, conjuntamente con otros indicadores.
Recognising the important role of cities in global sustainable development, this thesis focuses on two urban sustainability aspects through a metabolic perspective. Based on the Material Flow Accounting (MFA) methodological guidelines presented by Eurostat in 2001, two new methodologies are developed with the aim to assess water and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management. These are applied on the coastal municipalities of the Barcelona metropolitan region for a period of eight years, not only examining the system as a whole but assessing in addition each municipality separately.
The first methodology complements MFA and accounts for all artificial water flows of a system, referring to the flows consisting of piped and drained water; input and output related indirect flows are also considered, corresponding to water losses. The second methodology describes efficiently the flows of MSW, not only within a given system but between neighbouring systems as well, accounting of the MSW imports and exports and the secondary waste generated in the MSW treatment plants, following each residue until its final sink.
Accordingly, two indicators are suggested for the measurement of urban sustainability regarding these issues:
· A water indicator that assesses the potential of a system for sustainable water management, based on the system's demands in terms of water and the renewable water it receives in the form of rainwater.
· An indicator suitable for the revision of MSW management strategies, in line with basic waste management principles, that reflects the capacity of a system to manage the amount of MSW it accepts and the grade of sustainability of the treatment practices followed within the system, valuing as the best option the use of residues as prime materials.
The energetic profile of the studied system is also analysed, employing a more simplified methodology for the description of its energetic flows, for the importance of these flows in an urban area and with the aim of providing a more complete view on the case study's metabolism.
The studied system has a poor metabolic performance in terms of MSW management and energy, on both spatial levels. The results reveal low recycling and reuse rates of MSW and extended transport of these. A great degree of dependence on energy imports is demonstrated while the contribution of renewable sources is trivial. Concerning water, results on the case study's metabolism demonstrate the importance of these flows for the system and the significant magnitude of water losses. Encouraging indicator values indicate that the system could cover its needs exploiting rainfall; yet, the lack of required facilities in the majority of municipalities indicates the need for more daring water management decisions in this region suffering from severe droughts.
The proposed tools are proved to be able to detect drawbacks and changes in relevant infrastructure and policies. The two indicators finally, can serve as valuable tools for the planning or redesigning of urban areas, supporting decision-making on determining population size, density and urban growth, in combination with other indicators.
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Calcagno, Claire. "Aspects of seafaring and trade in the Central Mediterranean region, ca. B.C. 1200-800." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390282.
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Turner, Rebecca. "Late Quaternary fire histories in the Eastern Mediterranean region from lake sedimentary micro-charcoals." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/748.
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The Eastern Mediterranean has a long history of human occupation, which spans the transition from hunter-gatherers to the establishment of early agro-pastoralist communities, coinciding with the Last Glacial: Interglacial transition. Over the same timeframe a delay in postglacial woodland recolonisation in the region has been identified. Fire has long been used by people to manage and manipulate the landscape, and has been hypothesised to have played a role in this delay. This thesis employed lacustrine micro charcoal (particles less than 180 !lm) remains to reconstruct Late Quaternary fire histories for Central Turkey and the Levant, and examine the possible role that fire may have played in retarding woodland development in the region. Microcharcoals were analysed in cores taken from four sites in Central Turkey (Akgöl, Eski Acıgöl, C̦atalhöyük and Nar Gölü) and one site in Israel (Lake Hula) that cover varying time intervals from the Last Glacial through to the Late Holocene. In order to develop a standardised analytical procedure for microcharcoals, a series of published extraction and quantification techniques along with a new approach using heavy liquid separation were rigorously tested on 'control' samples that contained a known volume of microscopic charcoal. As a result of this investigation a novel, two step extraction procedure based on the use of heavy liquid separation was developed and applied alongside a contiguous high resolution sampling strategy. Using this approach, fire activity was reconstructed based on cores from each of the sites and these data were compared with existing multi-proxy data (stable oxygen isotopes, pollen and archaeological data). Results show clear links between climate, biomass, people and fire, although these relationships changed over time. Regional fire activity during the Last Glacial: Holocene transition was apparently controlled by climate through the influence it exerted on biomass availability, whereas links between people and fire activity are most evident during the Late Holocene. Humans do not seem to have retarded the Early Holocene spread of woodland through the use of fires, although it is possible that natural fire activity served to maintain the open parkland vegetation communities may have played a role. During the Mid Holocene a mixture of climatic and anthropogenic controls apparently influenced regional fire activity. Evidence was also identified of a ca.l ,500 year periodicity in fire history from Central Turkey which may reflect teleconnections to climatic changes in the North Atlantic. This research also highlighted the potential of using microscopic charcoal to infer the spatial resolution of fire history reconstructions from lake basins of different sizes and types through comparisons of influx values.
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Chen, Chia-Ting. "Diet of planktivorous fish species of the Marseille region (Northwest of the Western Mediterranean)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191125_CHEN_359rske625sdo149rokele318tndcuh_TH.pdf.
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Dans un contexte de crise des pêcheries liée à la diminution de la taille et de l’amaigrissement des poissons planctonophages, l’objectif de cette thèse a été de mettre en lien l’alimentation des poissons et le plancton dans la Baie de Marseille, pour comprendre leur variabilité sous l’influence des conditions environnementales. Les variations saisonnières et interannuelles des proies en termes de composition en espèces et en tailles, d’abondance et de biomasse, ainsi que de qualité impactent la sélection de prédation des espèces de poissons planctonophages. La baie de Marseille bénéficie des apports permanents terrigènes et anthropiques, qui semblent favoriser la taille et la condition corporelle relative de la sardine et de l’anchois. Nos résultats permettent d’améliorer la compréhension du fonctionnement du réseau trophique pélagique et devraient être pris en compte dans la gestion de la pêche et des écosystèmes côtiers dans un contexte de changement climatiqueIn a context of fishery crisis linked to the decrease in size and body condition of planktivorous fish, the aim of this thesis was to relate the feeding habit of fish and plankton in the Bay of Marseille, in order to understand their variability under the influences of environmental conditions. Seasonal and interannual variations in species and size composition, abundance and biomass, as well as quality of prey influence the prey selection by planktivorous fish species. The Bay of Marseille benefits from the permanent terrestrial and anthropogenic inputs of the city and this seem to be in favor of the body size and the relative body condition of sardines and anchovies. Our results can improve our understanding of the functioning of the pelagic food web and should be integrated in the management of fisheries and coastal ecosystems in a context of climate change
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Ridolfi, Elena. "Exploring new approaches in urban water governance: case studies in mediterranean areas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283954.
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Muchas de las ciudades costeras del mundo se están volviendo cada vez más urbana y muchas de ellas están cambiando hacia el turismo, uno de los sectores de mayor crecimiento de la economía mundial. El agua es un elemento clave para el desarrollo y las funciones urbanas y de sostenimiento para las nuevas instalaciones turísticas. Sin embargo, los cambios y las rápidas transformaciones urbanas están estimulando una creciente preocupación con respecto a los recursos hídricos.
En particular, los nuevos desarrollos urbanos crecen en complejidad, mientras que las densas redes de flujos de agua se intensifican dentro del tejido urbano y plantea un gran desafío para la gobernabilidad de este recurso.
Considerando que el siglo pasado ha definido y representado el fenómeno del agua como una sustancia material (H2O), la investigación del siglo 21 ha puesto en duda esa perspectiva.
De hecho, estudiosos sociales han demostrado recientemente que el enfoque físico ya no es suficiente para hacer frente a los desafíos presentes y futuros del agua urbana, la incertidumbre y la gobernabilidad. Por lo tanto, los geógrafos y ecologistas políticos, en particular, han desarrollado el concepto de "ciclo hidro-social" que integra tanto la natura física como sociopolítica del agua. Mediante el empleo de este concepto, y a través de la lente de Ecología Política Urbana, han mostrado cómo los sistemas sociales, políticos, culturales y económicos gobiernan los flujos de agua a través de las sociedades, dando forma a la formación de los entornos urbanos. La gestión del agua urbana y la gobernanza han sido investigados sobre todo desde una perspectiva funcional y física, y más recientemente, desde una perspectiva social y crítica con respecto a quién en la sociedad se beneficia de los recursos hídricos, la controla y la gobierna. Por otra parte, como el agua fluye, circula y interactúa con los sistemas urbanos dominados por nuevos modelos de turismo (por ejemplo, el turismo de masas), ha sido poco investigado en términos conceptuales y metodológicos, desde la disciplina de la Ecología Política Urbana y través del concepto de ciclo hidro-social. Ambas perspectivas se ha sido analizada en esta Tesis Doctoral y sobretodo en zonas urbanas costeras mediterráneas donde el agua es un recurso fundamental para sostener el turismo que ya es el primer sector económico de estos países. Después de una introducción general al tema de investigación, en el capítulo 3 se presenta el marco teórico y metodológico utilizado para elaborar este estudio y un marco para analizar la gobernabilidad del ciclo hidro-social en entornos urbanos turísticos. En el capítulo 4 se analizan los procesos de transformación de las ciudades turísticas costeras del Mediterráneo, y su complejidad urbana, a través de la perspectiva de la Ecología Política Urbana. El capítulo también selecciona Venecia, Benidorm y Mykonos como casos de ciudades turísticas y como sistemas de análisis donde los ciclos hidro-social y su gobierno pueden asumir y revelar configuraciones particulares. En el capítulo 5 se aplica el análisis de la gobernanza del ciclo hidro-social al caso de Venecia revelando su configuración pasada y presente del ciclo hidro-social y de su gobernanza. Los resultados de este estudio indican cómo el análisis del ciclo de hidro-social es útil para pensar y mejorar las políticas de agua relacionadas con el sector del turismo y los problemas de gobernabilidad. La tesis sostiene que nuevos discursos dialécticos y las representaciones de este ciclo pueda abrir nuevas ventanas para escrutar la política de agua y la gobernabilidad. La tesis apunta a la noción de "ciclo hidro-social" para fomentar mas investigación de estas cuestiones a través de la ecología política urbana y la geografía, analizar y evaluar los flujos físicos y sociales del agua y su gestión en las ciudades costeras turísticas.Many of the world's coastal cities are becoming increasingly urban and many of them are shifting towards tourism, one of the fastest growing global economic sectors. Water is a key element for development and sustaining urban functions and new tourism facilities. However, rapid urban changes and transformations are stimulating a growing concern with regard to water resources. In particular, as new urban developments grow in complexity, dense networks of water flows intensify within the urban tissue and pose a major challenge for urban water governance. Whereas the last century defined and represented the phenomenon of water as a material substance (H2O), 21st century research has thrown into doubt such a perspective. Social scholars have recently demonstrated the physical approach is no longer sufficient to deal with present and future urban water challenges, uncertainty and governance. New evidence has called for new discourses and representations of water cycle in urban environments and its governance model. Geographers and political ecologists, in particular, have put forward the concept of the "hydro-social cycle" which integrates both the physical and socio-political nature of water. By employing this concept, through the lens of Urban Political Ecology, they have showed how social, political, cultural, and economic systems govern the flows of water through societies, shaping the formation of urban environments. Research in urban water management and governance has mostly been from a functional and physical perspective, and more recently from a social and critical perspective concerning who in society benefits from water resources and who controls and governs it. Moreover, the way by which water flows, circulates, interacts and interweaves in urban systems dominated by tourism models (for example, mass tourism), has been little investigated in conceptual and methodological terms from Urban Political Ecology discipline and through the hydrosocial cycle concept. Both perspectives are analyzed, integrated and pursued here and investigated in Mediterranean urban coastal areas where water is a critical resource to sustain the tourism leading economic sector. After a general introduction to the research topic, chapter 3 presents the theoretical and methodological background used to develop this study and a framework to analyze the hydrosocial cycle governance in urban tourist environments. Chapter 4 analyses the processes of transformation of tourist coastal cities in the Mediterranean, and their urban complexity, through Urban Political Ecology perspective. The chapter also selects Venice, Benidorm and Mykonos as tourist city-cases and systems of analysis where hydrosocial cycles and their governance might assume and reveal particular configurations. In Chapter 5 the hydrosocial cycle governance analysis is applied to the Venice case revealing past and present complex hydrosocial cycle governance configuration. Results from this study indicate how the hydrosocial cycle analysis is useful to think about and improve better water policies linked to the tourism sector and the water governance issues. The thesis argues that new dialectical discourses and representations of the hydrosocial cycle open new windows to scrutinize water politics and governance. The thesis points towards the notion of “hydrosocial cycle” and argues for deeper engagement with the fields of urban political ecology and critical geography, to analyze, trace and assess physical and social water flows and their governance in tourist coastal cities.
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Khalid, Rabia. "Suicide Ideation and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adolescent Students in the Eastern Mediterranean Region." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/237.
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ABSTRACT
Purpose: The intention of this study is to examine and compare the prevalence and correlates of suicide ideation among the youth in four Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries, namely Morocco, Jordan, United Arab Emirates and Lebanon. The results from this study are a valuable resource for further understanding suicidal behavior among youth in a region where the subject is often understudied and considered taboo. Additionally, findings from the study are important in prevention efforts in order to reduce suicide related behaviors and injuries among youth in EMR countries. The study also examined the correlates and variables associated with suicide ideation as differentiated by gender in an effort to see how these behaviors varied between boys and girls.
Methods: The results of the study were derived using secondary analyses of datasets from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) which is conducted by the World Health Organization. The study analyzed data on students who fell primarily between the ages of 12 to 16 from the countries of Jordan (N=2197, 2007), Lebanon (N=5115, 2005), Morocco (N=2670, 2006) and United Arab Emirates (N=15790, 2005). The data was analyzed using logistical regression analyses to determine the associations between suicidal ideation and eight risk factors, which included being a victim of bullying, having a lack of close friends, feeling sad or hopeless, consuming alcohol, using illicit drugs, missing school, being involved in a physical fight, and dealing with hunger. The results of the study were also evaluated to examine differences among genders and the risk factors as associated with suicide ideation as well as differences between age groups.
Results: The results of this study suggest that suicidal ideation among youth in EMR countries may be influenced by social, political, cultural and economic factors. Females showed higher rates of suicide ideation. Several of the eight risk factors analyzed showed significant associations to suicide ideation.
Conclusion: There is a need for increased research into the areas of mental health in the EMR, especially in the area of suicide and suicide related behaviors. Suicide related statistics may be underreported in many nations of the EMR which are predominantly Islamic, where suicide is strongly prohibited by religion. Previous studies indicate that suicide ideation is strongly associated with certain risk factors. This study analyzed eight of these risk factors using a secondary logistical regression analysis of data from the Global Student Health Survey which is conducted annually by the WHO. The risk factors included in the study are bullying victimization, alcohol use, illicit drug use, having no friends, feeling sad, missing school, physical fighting and hunger. Additionally, associations were examined among different age groups ranging from 12 to 17 years and among the two genders. Several of the risk factors were shown to have a strong association to suicide ideation. Suicide ideation was more common among girls than in boys among all the countries studied. The results of this study may be useful to those looking to design and implement educational suicide prevention programs among school-age children in the EMR.
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Kaffashzadeh, Najmeh [Verfasser]. "A Statistical Analysis of Surface Ozone Variability Over the Mediterranean Region during Summer / Najmeh Kaffashzadeh." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1170777961/34.
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Spentzou, Eftychia. "Refurbishment of apartment buildings in the Mediterranean Region for natural ventilation : implications for building design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18592.
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With the emergence of climate change, the increasing figure of energy consumption for cooling in buildings expresses an urgent need for energy conscious design of new and existing buildings, and there is a significant opportunity for implementation of natural ventilation strategies. The high-energy consumption of the Greek domestic sector, the number of existing multi-storey apartment buildings, the small rate of building retrofitting in Greece and the warm, dry climate of Greece, indicate the potential to achieve significant energy reductions for cooling via natural ventilation. The aim of this research was to evaluate the energy saving potential of natural ventilation solutions for domestic buildings in the Mediterranean climate to deliver summer comfort, and to propose a low-energy refurbishment design guide. The natural ventilation efficiency of an urban multi-storey apartment building in Athens and the potential implementation of advanced natural ventilation strategies, were evaluated using modelling tools. This would provide the knowledge for future energy refurbishments. The building was a representative example of over 4 million buildings in Greece. Several ventilation strategies were implemented in a single apartment (51.4m2) and evaluated in order to enhance the existing single-sided ventilation strategy of the building, including: daytime and nighttime ventilation; cross ventilation strategies; use of a wind-catcher; lightweight dynamic façade with shading system; new internal openings; and passive downdraught evaporative cooling strategies. The ventilation performance of the strategies was investigated over the full cooling period using DTM simulations. Controlled natural ventilation strategies, in response to internal and external air properties, delivered: occupants comfort; ventilation rates increase; and reductions in air temperatures and in CO2 levels. Natural day and night ventilation contributed to significant temperature reductions (up to 7°C) relative to the base-case ventilation strategy. The proposed strategies marginally reduced the hours during the cooling period for which the CO2 levels exceeded the upper acceptable limit for comfort. The strategies also achieved air change rates above the minimum acceptable values for comfort were provided; and therefore occupants comfort was achieved. De-coupled internal-external steady state CFD airflow simulations were performed to predict wind pressures across the building openings, and to predict detailed ventilation rates for a number of climate scenarios. Using CFD it was possible to overcome the limitation of DTM and predict average pressures at the location of the openings, considering the location of the building within its surroundings (both external and internal flow simulations were performed), leading to accurate results. It was predicted that the ventilation performance of the wind catcher was significant relative to the simple single or cross-ventilation strategies. The downdraft evaporative cooling performed best at low ventilation rates providing up to 4°C further temperature reductions. Indoor comfort was provided during windless hours for specific strategies (buoyancy driven); this is significant considering that low wind speeds (below 1m/s) were predicted for 14% of the cooling period. The performance of the strategies varies considerably with regard to both wind speed and direction; these should be considered when retrofitting natural ventilation strategies in existing buildings. The proposed strategies delivered natural cooling and adequate ventilation rates, relative the base-case strategy. The combined wind catcher and dynamic façade strategy performed the best; this combined strategy would be recommended for the Mediterranean sub-climate, and for buildings comparable to the type studied. This should be combined with evaporative cooling strategies particularly during windless hours, and mechanical cooling only when these strategies do not provide sufficient performance. For both the CFD and DTM results, empirical relationships were established with statistical methods between indoor air properties and climate characteristics, which can be used to predict behaviours under conditions that have not been examined using simulations. This assists extrapolation of patterns in ventilation performance, to facilitate design guidance of the natural ventilation strategies for implementation in similar buildings. The established performance of the natural ventilation strategies in the case study building assisted the development of a prototype scenario for similar building designs with comparable climatic context. A low-energy refurbishment design guide for natural ventilation was proposed that provides guidelines and design recommendations. Retrofitting such natural ventilation strategies in existing apartment buildings in similar climates presents a significant opportunity to achieve significant energy consumption reductions.
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Bussolo, Maurizio. "A Mediterranean region FTA : some economic and environmental effects studied within a dynamic CGE framework." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/109738/.
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Montgomerie, Elizabeth Amber. "Images of rural activities on mosaic pavements in Late Antiquity in the Levant." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:06c62da9-7dcf-4b34-96ec-3d5ea425e2cb.
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Images of rural activities become very popular in mosaic floor decoration in the Levant during the Late Antique period. I aim to explore different categories of iconography and discuss the images of people engaged in rural activities, such as pastoralism; hunting, fishing and activities connected with the vintage. I also aim to look at imagery that is often discussed in isolation without relation to other connected iconographic categories. The symbolic meaning of the representations of the zodiac found in synagogues, for example, is often discussed in detail without also looking at the rural calendars that appear in Christian contexts during the same period in the same region. I also want to explore the archaeological evidence for the activities that appear on the mosaic pavements. Studying both the archaeology and the iconography will, I hope, help us understand what the use of these particular categories of iconography in decorative schemes can tell us about the society that created them.
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Redissi, Taoufik. "Étude des amulettes de type égyptien et égyptisant et divers aegyptiaca de Carthage (septième jusqu'au deuxième siècle avant Jesus Christ) et de la Méditerrannée du premier millenaire avant Jesus Christ." Lille : A.N.R.T, 1987. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/31221.
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Underwood, Douglas R. "Using and reusing the monumental past in the late antique Mediterranean West, 300-600." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7323.
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Scholarship on late antique cities has largely conceptualized them as singular entities, either decaying or transitioning as Roman imperial power and economic structures shifted. Improved archaeological data from urban sites, accompanied by a number of broad synthetic studies, now allow for fresh exploration of the details of urbanism in this transformative era. This study examines the ways that a select group of public buildings were used and reused in the Mediterranean West between 300 and 600 CE. This examination is primarily carried out through the collection of a broad catalogue of archaeological evidence (supplemented with epigraphic and literary testimony) for the constructions, work projects, abandonments and reuses of key public monuments across the Western Mediterranean region—principally Italy, southern Gaul, Spain, and North Africa west of Cyrenaica. This broad survey is augmented with case studies on select cities. Such an analysis of the late antique histories of baths, aqueducts, and spectacle buildings (theaters, amphitheaters, and circuses) shows that each of the building types had a distinct history and that public monuments were not a unitary group. It also reveals unexpectedly few regional trends, suggesting that these histories were broadly common across the West. Further, this study shows that each building type was reused differently, both in terms of purposes and chronology. Finally, by considering economic, technological, cultural and legal factors affecting patterns of use, abandonment and reuse, this study establishes that the primary cause for the transformations to public building was largely a change in euergetistic practices in late antiquity. Cities with access to imperial or other governmental patronage used and maintained their public monuments longer than those without. Together these observations demonstrate the complexities of urban change in this period and prove that the idea of a single pattern of decline in late antique cities is no longer tenable.
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Checchia, Viviana. "Beyond the exhibition : a vessel for self-reflexive curating in the Mediterranean." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25048.
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This thesis is the written result of a practice-based PhD. The thesis presents a 'located' model of curatorial practice that aims to actively benefit the cultural landscape of host regions. It challenges existing definitions of 'the curatorial', taking a multidisciplinary understanding of curatorial practice and evaluating curatorial methods in light of recent geo-political developments. Concerned with the effects of changes in European cultural policy, and the geopolitical position of the Mediterranean basin, this thesis evaluates contemporary curatorial practices in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership context and, through practice-based interventions, suggests ways to develop situated curatorial processes, appropriate to their geographical context. Specifically, I argue that the temporary, large-scale exhibition formats financially supported by EU policies, such as the European Regional Development Fund, are not necessarily the most appropriate or beneficial to the cultural development of their host regions. I therefore propose an alternative set of methods, tools and considerations for a self-reflexive model of curatorial practice. This proposal takes the form of a curatorial initiative 'Vessel'; a long-term practice-based research project that seeks models of practice that effectively enable local engagement in cultural production, allowing culture to flourish independently of larger hegemonies. Several of Vessel's experimental initiatives are presented here, and appraised in order to build a theoretical understanding of 'located' curatorial practices that can inform alternative approaches. This research is developed through case studies of Manifesta, Liminal Spaces, Matadero and Intermediae; all of them testing grounds for 'Vessel', a curatorial initiative based in Puglia, Italy. Puglia has been chosen as a site for this research because of its central role in the current Mediterranean situation. This thesis illustrates the theoretical, geographical and historical context of this investigative project, and documents the evolution and outcomes of the curatorial initiative attempted. This thesis represents the first practice-based study of contemporary curatorial practices in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED) context, which seeks primarily to develop situated curatorial processes appropriate to their geographical context. The thesis discusses aspects of human geography, cultural studies, social science and European studies, all filtered through practical implementation and reflective examination of the main discipline of interest: curatorial studies. This research acknowledges the role of the curator as a mediator between cultural producers and the political and bureaucratic conditions for cultural production. This role offers the opportunity to develop an awareness of the potential influence of those conditions on the artists, their work and their audiences. In other words, the curator is in a unique position to have an overview of the practices, interests and concerns of cultural producers, as well as those of policy makers and administrative bodies, and any potential conflicts of interest that may arise. Thus, curators are in a privileged position to operate as proactive agents, particularly when they observe that cultural policies are not achieving the aim of fostering cultural development. This thesis, therefore, invites curators to consider their responsibility to critically assess the long-term effects of their practice on cultural and epistemological development in Europe. The thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents the research questions, clarifying their terminology and broadly discussing their rationale, context and theoretical focus. The chapter questions current EU cultural and economic strategies and suggests that they may be misguided. In Chapter 2, the level of analysis shifts from the geo-political context to a more specific situation: the position of art practitioners involved in the above situation, and the outcomes produced. Since the exhibition format is popular and has been envisioned by the EU cultural agenda as one of the most effective instruments for creating a dialogue between different geographical areas, Chapter 2 challenges this understanding of the format and the ways of production embedded in it. Chapter 3 presents a series of alternative curatorial approaches coming from the South and related to the four theoretical pillars of the self-reflexive approach: geography, time, process and epistemology. Starting with the methods used to investigate the case studies, the chapter traces connections between theory and practice. The chapter moves through close readings of the alternative case studies and comparative analysis, to the use of self- reflexive practice. Chapter 4 is at the heart of the thesis: it presents the methodologies underpinning both the approach to case study analysis and the practical research. This involves the curatorial proposal put forward and practised through Vessel. Vessel is therefore presented, in Chapter 4, as a self-reflexive model of located curatorial practice that is appropriate for located curatorial engagement. The conclusion addresses the capacity of curatorial practices to cultivate local epistemologies. I propose the outcome of the Vessel research project, and associated case studies as a set of curatorial methods and considerations for a 'located' model of curatorial practice.
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Ghaleb, Joey Raymond. "The European-Mediterranean Free Trade Agreement with Lebanon : tariffs, taxes and welfare /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Mendoza, Garcia Marian. "Intensificación agrícola, biodiversidad y funcionamiento de la polinización en la región Mediterránea = Agricultural intensification, biodiversity and pollination functioning in the Mediterranean region." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665260.
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La intensificación agrícola es una de las principales causas de la pérdida de biodiversidad, así como de los servicios ecosistémicos asociados. La intensificación ha causado cambios en la estructura y en la composición del paisaje. A nivel de parcela, la intensificación se genera por la aplicación de pesticidas y fertilizantes químicos, el laboreo intensivo y la simplificación en las rotaciones. La agricultura ecológica es una práctica agrícola considerada para mitigar el declive de los polinizadores. Tiene efectos positivos sobre la riqueza y la abundancia de la comunidad vegetal, lo que puede incrementar las visitas de los polinizadores. Los cultivos como las leguminosas y de floración masiva, incluidos en las rotaciones, también se benefician con el incremento de los visitantes florales. A su vez, pueden influir en la actividad de los insectos. Todas estas interacciones afectan la reproducción de las plantas. A pesar de ello, los efectos de la intensificación agrícola, el tipo de cultivo y la disponibilidad de los recursos florales sobre la abundancia y composición de los visitantes florales, y sobre la producción de frutos no son comprendidos en su totalidad. En la presente tesis, se evaluaron los efectos de la intensificación agrícola sobre la abundancia de los visitantes florales y la producción de frutos. A nivel de paisaje, la intensificación afectó negativamente la abundancia de los visitantes florales, aunque dependió del grupo. Se evaluó la abundancia de los visitantes florales y la producción de frutos en paisajes que variaron en la proporción de tierra arable bajo gestión ecológica. A nivel de paisaje, el aumento de dicha proporción no incrementó la abundancia de abejas. A nivel de parcela, la agricultura ecológica tuvo un efecto positivo en la abundancia total de los visitantes florales. También, se analizó el efecto de la intensificación sobre la composición de la comunidad vegetal y de los visitantes florales, así como la relación entre esta comunidad y el “community-weighted mean” (CWM) de los atributos florales. La intensificación a nivel de paisaje se correlacionó con cambios en la composición de las comunidades vegetales y algunos atributos florales. En el centro de los campos la composición de especies y el CWM de sus atributos florales respondieron a las prácticas a nivel de parcela. La composición de visitantes florales respondió a la intensificación en el paisaje y a la composición vegetal. El color de la flor y la fenología de la comunidad vegetal afectaron la composición de los visitantes florales en el margen, mientras que el tamaño de la flor influyó dicha composición en el centro. La intensificación a nivel de paisaje afectó negativamente la producción de frutos de la especie de polinización generalista, aunque el incremento de los recursos florales tuvo un efecto positivo. La proporción de tierra bajo gestión ecológica solo incrementó la proporción de frutos de la especie de polinización generalista. Por último, se evaluó el efecto de la estructura del paisaje y de cultivos de colza sobre la abundancia de abejas y otros visitantes florales y sobre la producción de frutos. Los cultivos de colza incrementaron la abundancia de las abejas, aunque disminuyó en paisajes complejos, mientras que otros visitantes florales dependieron de la estructura del paisaje. Solo incrementó la producción de frutos de la especie de polinización generalista, ya que la competencia pudo afectar a la especialista. Nuestros resultados resaltan la importancia de implementar medidas agroambientales que contemplen: evitar la simplificación del paisaje, promover la agricultura ecológica, incluir cultivos que ofrezcan recursos florales y conservar los elementos de vegetación (semi)natural. Dichas medidas permitirán optimizar el servicio de polinización, procurado por un amplio y diverso conjunto de visitantes florales en los paisajes agrícolas mediterráneos.Agricultural intensification is one of the main causes of biodiversity decline and disruption of associated ecosystem services. Organic farming practices are thought to mitigate pollinator decrease and could improve pollination services. Organically managed fields support higher levels of plant abundance and diversity, which can attract more pollinator visits. Some crops (legumes and mass flowering crops) also can benefit from the presence of flower visiting insects. In turn, these crops can influence the activity of the insects. These interactions can affect plant reproduction. Nevertheless, the effects of agricultural landscape, crop type and the availability of flower resources on the abundance and composition of flower visiting insects and the fruit set of insect-pollinated plants are not completely understood. The percentage of arable land affected negatively the abundance of flower-visiting insects. Additionally, bee abundance was not enhanced by the proportion of organically managed land. At field level, organic farming had a positive effect on the overall abundance of flower visitors. Our study also showed that plant species composition and the CWM in field centre responded to field management, whereas in margins depended on the percentage of arable land. Flower visitor composition only responded to the percentage of arable land and to plant composition. We also found that the composition of insect assemblages responded to flower colour and flowering onset in field margins, whereas in field centres responded to flower size. The percentage of arable land had a negative effect on the fruit set of generalist plant species. The proportion of organically managed land only enhanced the fruit set of species of generalist pollination. Finally, our results showed that bee abundance was enhanced by oilseed rape crops and the abundance of non-bee flower visitors depended on the landscape structure. The fruit set was enhanced only for the species of generalist pollination, because competition affects specialist species. Our results highlight the importance of developing agri-environmental schemes that prevent landscape simplification, deploy organic agriculture, include crops that offer flower resources and preserve field margins may increase the presence of a diverse community flower visitors, which in turn can help to maintain fruit sets in agricultural landscapes.