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Journal articles on the topic 'Medium scale integration'
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Macdonald, Joanne, Yang Li, Marko Sutovic, et al. "Medium Scale Integration of Molecular Logic Gates in an Automaton." Nano Letters 6, no. 11 (2006): 2598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0620684.
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Essakiappan, Somasundaram, Harish S. Krishnamoorthy, Prasad Enjeti, Robert S. Balog, and Shehab Ahmed. "Multilevel Medium-Frequency Link Inverter for Utility Scale Photovoltaic Integration." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 30, no. 7 (2015): 3674–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2014.2350978.
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Radparvar, M. "Superconducting niobium and niobium nitride processes for medium-scale integration applications." Cryogenics 35, no. 8 (1995): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(95)98222-m.
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Hubeis, Musa. "Dissemination Technology For Small-Medium Scale Enterprise." Business and Entrepreneurial Review 5, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/ber.v5i1.961.
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<p>Small-medium scale enterprises enterprises (SME) found in developing and developed countries is still facing classical handicap such as technology, finance, managerial and market accessibility, in spite of its high flexibiliry, responsiveness, dynamic and resistance. Therefore, designing and management of SME in context of technology dissemination needs to understand business dimension as enterprise description, product/service, market, enterprise location, competition, management, personnel, budget, research and development. Beside general technology, both SME in general and specific are closely related to: (1) Technology choice covering technology complexities, capital intensity, and human resource (HR) quality; (2) Technology learning strategy based on learned technology position combination, both process and products with faced competition, through existing learned technology, technology integration, technology development and basic research; (3) Enterprise unit covering enterprise scale, HR, organization,<br />location, product type, enterprise unit, experiences, competition level and business network; (4) Performance indication of business unit and business man, and technology diffusion institutions; (5) Linkages of business with characteristics of authority, functional, normative and diffusion. Dissemination pattern of integrated and sustainable technology is expected to establish network among development subjects intensively and dynamically, to compile agenda of transfer technology, implement technology that is appropriate and develop learning organization for technology dissemination activities.</p>
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Song, Yong-Ha, and Songbin Gong. "Wideband RF Filters Using Medium-Scale Integration of Lithium Niobate Laterally Vibrating Resonators." IEEE Electron Device Letters 38, no. 3 (2017): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2017.2662066.
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Fekpe, Edward, and Yvonne Delaporte. "Sustainability integration and supply chain performance of manufacturing small and medium size enterprises." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 10, no. 2 (2019): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-05-2018-0152.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use empirical data to examine the impacts of integrating sustainability elements on the performance of supply chains of manufacturing small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual framework was based on the systems theory and the triple bottom line concept. Purposive sampling approach was used to collect data from a cross-section of manufacturing SMEs. Partial least square (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to explore the relationships among the constructs.FindingsThe results indicate strong statistically significant positive relationships between each of the three sustainability elements and integration constructs. Sustainability integration is a mediating variable that explains a significant variance in performance of a supply chain. Supply chain performance is determined by the degree of integration of the three sustainability elements.Research limitations/implicationsThe research focused on SMEs in the manufacturing industry in a less developed economy. An extension of the findings to the service industry and larger manufacturing firms and different operating environments may be limited.Practical implicationsSustainability integration enhances supply chain performance and can be a competitive tool for manufacturing SMEs. The research emphasizes the value of sustainability integration into supply chains of manufacturing SMEs in less developed countries.Originality/valueThis is an original research that examined the impacts of sustainability integration on performance of supply chains of manufacturing SMEs in a developing economy. This research used empirical data to establish that integration of the three sustainability elements collectively acts as a critical mediating variable that determines the performance of a supply chain. The research also demonstrates the use of PLS-SEM to analyze supply chain attributes that cannot be directly measured.
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Patil, Neelam Dinkar, Vaishali Rajsingh Mohite, Manisha Christanand Gholap, and Mahesh Bhupal Chendake. "PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE OF HEALTH-CARE PERSONNEL REGARDING THE CONCEPT OF INTEGRATION IN NURSING." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 9 (2016): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s3.14996.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: To assess the perception of health-care personnel regarding the concept of integration in nursing, to assess the attitude of health-carepersonnel toward the concept of integration in nursing, and to determine the association of perception and attitude toward the concept of integrationin nursing with selected socio-demographic variables.Methods: Research approach adopted was descriptive survey approach. Population were 159 health-care personnel’s working at various hospitalsand institutions in Maharashtra. Purposive sampling technique was used. Data were collected using structured rating scale, which consisted of3 sections. Section 1 comprising demographic data, Sections 2 and 3 consisted 10 questions to assess the perception and attitude of health-carepersonnel. Tool was developed pretesting and reliability of the rating scale was done.Results: Findings of the study showed that majority 118 (74.21%) of respondents had low perception, 41 (25.78%) had medium perception, andnone of respondents had high perception regarding the concept of integration. Classification of respondents based on the levels of attitude, the79 (49.68%) had unfavorable attitude, 75 (47.16%) had moderately favorable attitude, and 5 (3.14%) had favorable attitude.Conclusions: As the result shows that there is medium to low level of perception between the health-care personnel regarding the concept ofintegration and the attitude is also unfavorable, there is need to find out the barriers of integration in nursing profession.Keywords: Perception, Attitude, Integration, Health-care personnel.
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Yadav, Ramanand. "Survey of Problems and Prospects of Implementing Total Quality Management In Medium-Scale Enterprises: A Study Based on 80 North Indian Medium Enterprises." Paradigm 11, no. 2 (2007): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971890720070210.
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Implementing Total Quality Management in medium-scale enterprises is a process of initiating excellent quality practices enabling them to differentiate from competitors' practices. Like in many other countries, the medium enterprises in India are also taking various steps to delight their customers, in which, Total Quality Management (TQM) is one. The primary objective of this study is to pinpoint the problems that may hinder the process of smooth adoption of TQM in a medium-scale enterprise. Simultaneously, the study also highlights the ways through which prospects of adopting TQM in these enterprises can be enhanced. Significantly, the study resulted in highlighting the factors by which familiarity among management, staff, and employees about quality practices can be enhanced. The study also highlights the factors of TQM integration and measures of quality improvement, which can be helpful in enhancing the prospects of adopting TQM in these enterprises. However, the univariate analysis helped to conclude that TQM can be implemented in any type of medium enterprise irrespective of the type, sector, and functional orientation. However, because of their nature of operation, medium enterprises in public and private sectors require different type of measures for integrating TQM into their systems.
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Wang, Gang, and Zhi Gang Chen. "Function Design of PDM System for Small-Medium Scale Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Enterprises." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 2287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2287.
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According to the process feature of Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Enterprises,a PDM system for Small-medium Scale Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Enterprises was designed .The system includes many functions such as document management,project management,BOM management,changement management, user’s permissions management.The integration with CAX，ERP，etc．were also considered in the system．The key techniques and conditions in software to realize the functions were explained．The system avoids information isolated between workshops and sections, improves the sharing and Integrality of enterprise’s information．It is useful for management and controlling of Pressure Vessel process and product quality．
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Qiao, Zhen, and Zhanfang Liu. "Numerical Research on a Three-Dimensional Solid Element Based on Generalized Elasticity Theory." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (December 7, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2307689.
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A finite element equation is established based on generalized elasticity theory by applying a virtual work principle. Then, a penalty function term is added to the virtual work equation by imposing rotation and displacement as independent variables. An 8-node element with full integration, an 8-node element with reduced integration, and a 20-node element with full integration are constructed using difference integration schemes and shape functions. The influences of structural degrees of freedom and the penalty parameter on convergence are analyzed via the three elements. It is shown that the 8-node element with reduction integration and the 20-node element with full integration are convergent, whereas the 8-node element with full integration is divergent. The scale effects of a slender beam, a short beam, a thin plate, and a medium-thick plate are numerically analyzed. Lastly, the scale effects of the frequencies that correspond to the bending mode, torsion mode, and tension-compression mode for a pretwisted plate are studied. It is found that the frequencies that correspond to the bending mode and torsion mode exert a scale effect, whereas the frequency that corresponds to the tension-compression mode does not. The essence of the scale effect is that the rotational deformation of the microstructure is amplified.
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Fiorelli, F. A. S., and G. O. Diaz. "ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AS CENTRE OF DAIRY LIVESTOCK AND AGRICULTURE INTEGRATION: BASIS FOR MEDIUM-SCALE CDM PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 6, no. 2 (2007): 08. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v6i2.61681.
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Dairy producers should improve their activity with modern production techniques/technologies to meet the requirements of a stricter consumer market. In this sense, crop and livestock systems integration represents an interesting alternative for using the dairy farm available resources. This paper analyses the use of anaerobic digestion as basis for supplying energy, fertilizers and feed needs of a farming unit, by means of digestion products usage: biogas, which can be used in energy conversion systems to provide the required energy for processing/conservation equipment for milk and other farming products; and effluent, that can be used as a replacement for chemical fertilizers and for aquatic plants/fish feeding. Fossil fuels replacement by biogas can be classified as a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project, and economic resources obtained by carbon credits commercialisation may support the required production modernisation. The paper analyses the anaerobic digestion process, evaluating biogas in medium-scale dairy farms, as well as the quantification of carbon credits generated by introducing proper manure and culture remains management.
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Amoroso, Ricardo O., Ana M. Parma, J. M. (Lobo) Orensanz, and Domingo A. Gagliardini. "Zooming the macroscope: medium-resolution remote sensing as a framework for the assessment of a small-scale fishery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 4 (2010): 696–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq162.
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Abstract Amoroso, R. O., Parma, A. M., Orensanz, J. M., and Gagliardini, D. A. 2011. Zooming the macroscope: medium-resolution remote sensing as a framework for the assessment of a small-scale fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 696–706. Management of small-scale fisheries targeting sedentary stocks requires integration of information about processes operating and observable at different spatial and temporal scales. An integrated approach was developed with a scallop (Aequipecten tehuelchus) fishery in a small, semi-enclosed Patagonian basin as a demonstration case. Medium-resolution (30 m2) satellite (Landsat) data, used to identify circulation patterns, were combined with information from fishery surveys and recruitment experiments to link oceanographic processes with population dynamics. A frontal system splits San José Gulf (northern Argentine Patagonia) into two oceanographic domains (East and West) with distinct hydrographic regimes. In the West Domain, where circulation is highly advective and governed by turbulent vorticial fluxes, larval settlement on artificial collectors was insignificant over five reproductive seasons and no important scallop grounds were ever found. In the East Domain, where the main fishing grounds are, spat abundance varied between sites and years, but was always significant. Growth rates displayed strong clinal variation within the East Domain, decreasing clockwise away from the entrance to the Gulf and reflecting inferred circulation and gradual nutrient extinction. A physical mechanism capable of dispersing larvae over long distances towards the north, into the adjacent San Matias Gulf, was identified from Landsat images. The large-scale patterns of variation in growth, distribution, and recruitment of the Tehuelche scallop stock could not have been interpreted without an integrative approach to data assemblage and analysis, including satellite remote sensing.
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Billock, Vincent A., and Brian H. Tsou. "Nonlinear integration of multispectral information: Human colour vision analogues to sensory integration in rattlesnake." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648099.
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Information integration occurs at every sensory scale and although distinctions are made for integration between and within senses, integration at intermediate scales may exploit familiar mechanisms. Here, we explore this idea by applying a sensory integration mechanism to some poorly understood multispectral integration problems in human colour vision. Billock and Tsou (IMRF, 2011) used a binding-like neural synchronization mechanism to model intensity-dependent (inverse) enhancement of visual responses by auditory stimulation in cat. The same model also applies to mutual enhancement of visual and infrared responses in rattlesnake, suggesting that a similar mechanism could model integration of spectral information in human colour vision. For example, chromatic brightness is thought to be a vector-like nonlinear combination of luminance and chromatic channels; its neural correlate is unknown. We model its spectral sensitivity by pairwise excitatory synchronization between luminance (broadband) neurons and cortically rectified L+M- and S+M-L- LGN neurons. Similarly, the yellow lobe of the yellow-blue opponent channel is known to be a nonlinearly enhanced combination of long- and medium-wavelength-sensitive inputs, but no sensible neural model for this interaction has been advanced. We model the spectral sensitivity of ‘yellowness’ using excitatory synchronization between cortically rectified L+M+S- and M+L- LGN units. The inputs for both simulations were macaque neural firing rate data (DeValois et al., 1966). Fascinatingly, in both cases, multispectral integration in human colour vision was well modeled using the rattlesnake/cat neural synchronization equations without any use of fitting parameters. This is the first application of sensory integration concepts to human colour vision transformations.
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Yan, Qing You, Xin Yan, and Si Qi He. "Forecast of Energy Storage Applied in Wind Power Integration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.531.
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Now, the wind power in China develops quite rapidly and the installation of wind power is accounting more and more in power generating installation. Wind power, as a typical kind of renewable energy, is intermittent and unstable so that causes concerns about the damage it may do to power grid when integrate the large-scale wind power. According to that, integration is the main restraint for China to develop wind power. Energy storage, as an emerging technology, has been applied, tested and operated for a few years. It can solve integration problem efficiently and improve the efficiency of wind power integrating with the power grid. Hence, there is a large demand of energy storage on the wind power market. This paper chose grey forecast method to predict the installation of wind power in the near future. Then based on the forecast result, this paper selected low, medium and high rate of energy storage for the wind power system, and finally it predicted the demand of energy storage in the wind power integration from 2012~2015. This paper provided quantitative number and made it possible to plan further development.
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Sulaiman, Zaagha Alexander. "Money Supply and Private Sector Funding in Nigeria: A Multi-Variant Study." Asian Finance & Banking Review 4, no. 1 (2020): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/asfbr.v4i1.573.
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This study examined the effect of money supply on private sector funding in Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to examine the extent to which monetary policy affect private sector funding in Nigeria. Time series data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin from 1985-2018. Credit to private sector, credit to core private sector and credit to small and medium scale enterprises sector was used as dependent variables while narrow money supply, broad money supply, large money supply, private sector demand deposit was used as independent variables. Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Augmented Dickey Fuller Test, Johansen Co-integration test, normalized co-integrating equations, parsimonious vector error correction model and pair-wise causality tests were used to conduct the investigations and analysis. The empirical findings revealed that money supply explains 82.1 percent variation on credit to core private sector, 85.2 percent and 23.4 percent of the variation in credit to private sector and credit to small and medium scale enterprises sector. The study conclude that money supply has significant relationship with credit to private sector, credit to core private sector and credit to small and medium scale enterprises sector. From the findings, the study recommends that Central Bank of Nigeria should induce the variations of the amount of money changes through the nominal interest rates. That the monetary authorities should ensure adequate quantity of money supply that positively affect private sector funding in Nigeria.
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Tascón-González, Laura, Montserrat Ferrer-Julià, Maurici Ruiz, and Eduardo García-Meléndez. "Social Vulnerability Assessment for Flood Risk Analysis." Water 12, no. 2 (2020): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020558.
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This paper proposes a methodology for the analysis of social vulnerability to floods based on the integration and weighting of a range of exposure and resistance (coping capacity) indicators. It focuses on the selection and characteristics of each proposed indicator and the integration procedure based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) on a large scale. The majority of data used for the calculation of the indicators comes from open public data sources, which allows the replicability of the method in any area where the same data are available. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method, a study case is presented. The flood social vulnerability assessment focuses on the municipality of Ponferrada (Spain), a medium-sized town that has high exposure to floods due to potential breakage of the dam located upstream. A detailed mapping of the social vulnerability index is generated at the urban parcel scale, which shows an affected population of 34,941 inhabitants. The capability of working with such detailed units of analysis for an entire medium-sized town provides a valuable tool to support flood risk planning and management.
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Das, Vishal, Tapan Mukerji, and Gary Mavko. "Scale effects of velocity dispersion and attenuation (Q−1) in layered viscoelastic medium." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 3 (2019): T147—T166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0154.1.
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We have used numerical modeling of normal incidence P-waves in periodic and nonperiodic viscoelastic layered media to help improve understanding of the scale effects of heterogeneity on velocity dispersion and attenuation. The improved understanding of these effects facilitates better interpretation and integration of data acquired at different scales, such as seismic data, well-log data, and laboratory measurements. We developed a direct method for estimating velocity and attenuation for viscoelastic media, the viscoelastic Kennett-Frazer (vKF) method, which is an invariant imbedding (reflectivity) method that uses reflection and transmission transfer functions. The vKF method is used to estimate rigorous dispersion and attenuation curves for periodic and nonperiodic cases. The results from our studies validate and quantify the intuitive qualitative understanding that dispersion and attenuation for a layered viscoelastic medium depend on the ratio of wavelength of the waves ([Formula: see text]) and the spatial period of the medium ([Formula: see text]), similar to the elastic case. We also decoupled the total effective attenuation obtained from the viscoelastic case into scattering attenuation that can be modeled from the elastic case and the intrinsic effective attenuation that is present in addition to the scattering attenuation in the viscoelastic case. The calculated intrinsic effective attenuation curves matched the theoretical values at the ray theory and effective medium theory limits. We derived analytical expressions for the long-wavelength limit of velocity and attenuation in a viscoelastic medium. Our expressions can be used directly for the upscaling of well logs to seismic scale considering viscoelastic effects. The expressions indicate the coupling between effective velocity and effective intrinsic attenuation in the long-wavelength limit. Finally, we use the derived expressions to determine the difference between elastic versus viscoelastic upscaling and to highlight the impact on traveltime and amplitude by properly considering viscoelastic information, especially for quantitative seismic interpretation workflows.
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Uremadu, Sebastian O., Ogechi I. Ani, and Okwuchukwu Odili. "Banking System Credit to Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Co-integration Approach." IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance 5, no. 6 (2014): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/5933-05624151.
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Peterson, K. A., K. D. Patel, C. K. Ho, et al. "LTCC Microsystems and Microsystem Packaging and Integration Applications." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 3, no. 3 (2006): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-3.3.109.
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Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) has proven to be an enabling medium for microsystem technologies, because of its desirable electrical, physical, and chemical properties coupled with its capability for rapid prototyping and scalable manufacturing of components. LTCC is viewed as an extension of hybrid microcircuits, and in that function it enables development, testing, and deployment of silicon microsystems. However, its versatility has allowed it to succeed as a microsystem medium in its own right, with applications in non-microelectronic meso-scale devices and in a range of sensor devices. Applications include silicon microfluidic ‘chip-and-wire’ systems and fluid grid array (FGA)/microfluidic multichip modules using embedded channels in LTCC, and cofired electro-mechanical systems with moving parts. Both the microfluidic and mechanical system applications are enabled by sacrificial volume materials (SVM), which serve to create and maintain cavities and separation gaps during the lamination and cofiring process. SVMs consisting of thermally fugitive or partially inert materials are easily incorporated. Screeding is an incorporation technique we describe that improves uniformity and eliminates processing steps. Recognizing the premium on devices that are cofired rather than assembled, we report on functional-as-released and functional-as-fired moving parts, including an impeller that has been exercised over thirty million cycles, and a cofired pressure sensor that requires only pressure source and electrical connections. Additional applications for cofired transparent windows, some as small as an optical fiber, are also described. The applications described help pave the way for widespread application of LTCC to biomedical, control, analysis, characterization, and radio frequency (RF) functions for macro-meso-microsystems.
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Ropella, Glen E. P., Ryan C. Kennedy, and C. Anthony Hunt. "Falsifying an Enzyme Induction Mechanism within a Validated, Multiscale Liver Model." International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 4, no. 3 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jats.2012070101.
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The focus is an In Silico Liver (ISL) model family and an evolving suite of mechanistic hypotheses about (rat) liver-drug interactions. ISLs are multiscale and hierarchical. A medium grain Enzyme Induction mechanism was implemented. Validation (falsification) of complicated, knowledge-based models requires integrating distinct aspects and methods for multi-aspect validation. For ISLs, such integration has not been straightforward. Falsification is crucial for formulating, testing, and iteratively evolving hypotheses about liver mechanisms. During multi-aspect falsification, the authors can falsify a hypothesis in one aspect while simultaneously validating it in another aspect. The authors demonstrate a multi-scalar validation/falsification event in which they validate the mechanism against coarse grain measures of liver perfusate drug levels and falsify it against a medium grained measure of hepatic zonation. The authors also discuss how falsification is guiding mechanism (hypothesis) refinement. The ability to scale validation efforts is necessary for effective scientific use models such as ISLs.
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Bose, Archishman, Kiran Raj, Denitsa Kuzeva, Tommaso Mura, Jialei Xin, and Jeevan Jayasuriya. "Hybrid Renewable Power Systems for Generation of Own Power by Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 61 (2018): 00011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186100011.
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Decentralized power generation, from renewables, is an attractive option for the future energy transition. Through a case study, the techno-economic feasibility to produce own power from distributed renewable to de-carbonize the operations of the Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) was critically analysed. The case study was performed on one of the leading printing outfits of Sri Lanka. Solar photovoltaic (PV) and biomass gasification systems are the most cost-efficient and easy to operate technologies for grid-connected, small-scale power generation, at present, for the context. Grid integration has been found as a major challenge, in both technical and economic parameters of the project. The low capacity factor of solar PV and complexity of the supply chain for biomass power systems are critical to the respective technologies. A hybrid Solar PV-Biomass gasification power plant would have superior techno-economic performances with lower environmental impact than stand-alone systems. An equal share of the net power capacity between the technologies was obtained as the most suitable combination for the proposed hybrid power plant. A net carbon dioxide reduction of more than eighty percent of the operations of the SMEs is feasible. Socio-political factors also have a high impact on overall viability of such small-scale systems.
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ISHII, Kiyoshi, Hideyuki NOSAKA, Kimikazu SANO, et al. "RECENT PROGRESS IN 40- TO 100-GBIT/S-CLASS OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ICS USING INP-BASED HBT TECHNOLOGIES." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 15, no. 03 (2005): 615–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156405003363.
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This paper describes our InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technologies and circuit design techniques for small-scale-integration (SSI) and medium-scale-integration (MSI) circuits for 40- to 100-Gbit/s-class optical communications systems. The circuits include a sub-4-ps emitter-coupled logic (ECL) gate, 100-Gbit/s selector circuit, 90-Gbit/s decision circuit, 50-Gbit/s 4:1 multiplexer (MUX) and 1:4 demultiplexer (DEMUX) ICs, aver-40-Gbit/s 16:1 MUX IC, and 40-Gbit/s full-clock-rate DEMUX with a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit. This paper demonstrates that InP-based HBT technologies and our circuit design techniques are attractive for fabricating ultrahigh-speed SSI circuits with data rates approaching 100 Gbit/s and low-power MSI circuits with data rates of over 40 Gbit/s.
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Yeh, Tsu-Ming, Fan-Yun Pai, and Liang-Chuan Wu. "Relationship Stability and Supply Chain Performance for SMEs: From Internal, Supplier, and Customer Integration Perspectives." Mathematics 8, no. 11 (2020): 1902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8111902.
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This study examined the relationship between supply integration and relationship stability and the relationship between relationship stability and performance; furthermore, the moderation effect of environmental uncertainty on supply chain integration and relationship stability was analyzed. The subjects are typical small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries that focus on niche markets to compete with large-scale manufacturers. Questionnaires were distributed to manufacturers to collect empirical data; in total, 566 valid samples were gathered. The results indicate that supply chain integration has positive effects on relational stability and that relational stability has positive effects on supply chain performance. Relational stability is a mediator between supply chain integration and supply chain performance. The contingency effects of environmental uncertainty on the relationships between internal integration and relational stability were determined in this research. This research framework extended past research on supply chain management; part of the research explored the relationship between supply chain integration and different measures of supply chain performance, as well as whether uncertainty affects supply chain integration and supply chain performance.
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Alsokhiry, Fahad, and Grain Philip Adam. "Multi-Port DC-DC and DC-AC Converters for Large-Scale Integration of Renewable Power Generation." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (2020): 8440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208440.
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Numerous research studies on high capacity DC-DC converters have been put forward in recent years, targeting multi-terminal medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, in which renewable power plants can be integrated at both medium-voltage (MV) and high-voltage (HV) DC and AC terminals; hence, leading to complex hybrid AC-DC systems. Multi-port converters (MPCs) offer the means to promote and accelerate renewable energy and smart grids applications due to their increased control flexibilities. In this paper, a family of MPCs is proposed in order to act as a hybrid hub at critical nodes of complex multi-terminal MVDC and HVDC grids. The proposed MPCs provide several controllable DC voltages from constant or variable DC or AC voltage sources. The theoretical analysis and operation scenarios of the proposed MPC are discussed and validated with the aid of MATLAB-SIMULINK simulations, and further corroborated using experimental results from scale down prototype. Theoretical analysis and discussions, quantitative simulations, and experimental results show that the MPCs offer high degree of control flexibilities during normal operation, including the capacity to reroute active or DC power flow between any arbitrary AC and DC terminals, and through a particular sub-converter with sufficient precision. Critical discussions of the experimental results conclude that the DC fault responses of the MPCs vary with the topology of the converter adopted in the sub-converters. It has been established that a DC fault at high-voltage DC terminal exposes sub-converters 1 and 2 to extremely high currents; therefore, converters with DC fault current control capability are required to decouple the healthy sub-converters from the faulted one and their respective fault dynamics. On the other hand, a DC fault at the low-voltage DC terminal exposes the healthy upper sub-converter to excessive voltage stresses; therefore, sub-converters with bipolar cells, which possess the capacity for controlled operation with variable and reduced DC voltage over wide range are required. In both fault causes, continued operation without interruption to power flow during DC fault is not possible due to excessive over-current or over-voltage during fault period; however, it is possible to minimize the interruption. The above findings and contributions of this work have been further elaborated in the conclusions.
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Sulaiman, Zaagha Alexander, and Murray Monday Ebike. "Deposit Money Bank Policy and Private Sector Funding: A Multi-Dimensional Study from Nigeria." Australian Finance & Banking Review 4, no. 1 (2020): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/afbr.v4i1.600.
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This study empirically examined the effect of deposit money banks policy on private sector funding in Nigeria. Time series data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin from 1985-2018. Credit to private sector, credit to core private sector and credit to small and medium scale enterprises was used as dependent variables while liquidity ratio and loan to deposit ratio was used as independent variables. Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Augmented Dickey Fuller Test, Johansen Co-integration test, normalized co-integrating equations, parsimonious vector error correction model and pair-wise causality tests were used to conduct the investigations and analysis. The empirical findings revealed that deposit money banks policy explains 40.8 percent variation on credit to core private sector, 28.1 percent and 58.9 percent of the variation in credit to core private sector and credit to small and medium scale enterprises sector. The study conclude that deposit money banks policy has no significant relationship with credit to private sector and credit to core private sector but has significant relation with credit to small and medium scale enterprises sector. From the findings, the study recommends compliance to deposit money banks policies; this will enhance effective financial intermediation and increase funding of the private sector. There is also need for the regulatory authorities to harmonize the various deposit money banks policies with the objective of enhancing private sector funding. There is need to decentralize the operation of the deposit money banks in the urban cities. Policies should be formulated to extend the operation of the deposit money banks to the rural communities, this will enable the institutions to mobilize much deposit and increase credit to the private sector.
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Omoruyi, Osayuwamen. "Competitiveness Through the Integration of Logistics Activities in SMEs." Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Oeconomica 63, no. 3 (2018): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/subboec-2018-0012.
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Abstract Logistics among competing organisations is a strategic management activity that can affect the operational, market and financial performance of an organisation. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) need to understand the role of logistics activities in achieving competitive performance and creating a high level of customer satisfaction through greater economies of scale in production and reduction in the price of goods. This study aims to determine the nature and extent of SMEs competitiveness through logistics activities. This research used a quantitative method of data collection and analysis. The data were statistically analysed using SPSS (25.0) as well as SMART-PLS (3.0) software for structural equation modelling (SEM) to assess the measurement reliability and the research structural model. The findings show that SMEs nature and extent of competitiveness based on logistics activities differs among the three measurement constructs, namely price/cost competitiveness, quality competitiveness and delivery competitiveness. This study adds value to the knowledge of the perceived benefits and importance of logistics activities among the participating SMEs.
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Zhang, Shiwen, Sheng Guo, Limin Wang, Weilin Huang, and Matthew Scott. "Knowledge Integration Networks for Action Recognition." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (2020): 12862–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6983.
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In this work, we propose Knowledge Integration Networks (referred as KINet) for video action recognition. KINet is capable of aggregating meaningful context features which are of great importance to identifying an action, such as human information and scene context. We design a three-branch architecture consisting of a main branch for action recognition, and two auxiliary branches for human parsing and scene recognition which allow the model to encode the knowledge of human and scene for action recognition. We explore two pre-trained models as teacher networks to distill the knowledge of human and scene for training the auxiliary tasks of KINet. Furthermore, we propose a two-level knowledge encoding mechanism which contains a Cross Branch Integration (CBI) module for encoding the auxiliary knowledge into medium-level convolutional features, and an Action Knowledge Graph (AKG) for effectively fusing high-level context information. This results in an end-to-end trainable framework where the three tasks can be trained collaboratively, allowing the model to compute strong context knowledge efficiently. The proposed KINet achieves the state-of-the-art performance on a large-scale action recognition benchmark Kinetics-400, with a top-1 accuracy of 77.8%. We further demonstrate that our KINet has strong capability by transferring the Kinetics-trained model to UCF-101, where it obtains 97.8% top-1 accuracy.
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Liow, Kim Hiang, Xiaoxia Zhou, Qiang Li, and Yuting Huang. "Time–Scale Relationship between Securitized Real Estate and Local Stock Markets: Some Wavelet Evidence." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 1 (2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12010016.
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: This study revisits the relationship between securitized real estate and local stock markets by focusing on their time-scale co-movement and contagion dynamics across five developed countries. Since securitized real estate market is an important capital component of the domestic stock market in the respective economies, it is linked to the stock market. Earlier research does not have satisfactory results, because traditional methods average different relationships over various time and frequency domains between securitized real estate and local stock markets. According to our novel wavelet analysis, the relationship between the two asset markets is time–frequency varying. The average long run real estate–stock correlation fails to outweigh the average short run correlation, indicating the real estate markets examined may have become increasingly less sensitive to the domestic stock markets in the long-run in recent years. Moreover, securitized real estate markets appear to lead stock markets in the short run, whereas stock markets tend to lead securitized real estate markets in the long run, and to a lesser degree medium-term. Finally, we find incomplete real estate and local stock market integration among the five developed economies, given only weaker long-run integration beyond crisis periods.
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Verderame, Peter M., and Christodoulos A. Floudas. "Integration of Operational Planning and Medium-Term Scheduling for Large-Scale Industrial Batch Plants under Demand and Processing Time Uncertainty." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 49, no. 10 (2010): 4948–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie901973e.
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Hoffmann, Martin W., Stephan Wildermuth, Ralf Gitzel, et al. "Integration of Novel Sensors and Machine Learning for Predictive Maintenance in Medium Voltage Switchgear to Enable the Energy and Mobility Revolutions." Sensors 20, no. 7 (2020): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072099.
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The development of renewable energies and smart mobility has profoundly impacted the future of the distribution grid. An increasing bidirectional energy flow stresses the assets of the distribution grid, especially medium voltage switchgear. This calls for improved maintenance strategies to prevent critical failures. Predictive maintenance, a maintenance strategy relying on current condition data of assets, serves as a guideline. Novel sensors covering thermal, mechanical, and partial discharge aspects of switchgear, enable continuous condition monitoring of some of the most critical assets of the distribution grid. Combined with machine learning algorithms, the demands put on the distribution grid by the energy and mobility revolutions can be handled. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art of all aspects of condition monitoring for medium voltage switchgear. Furthermore, we present an approach to develop a predictive maintenance system based on novel sensors and machine learning. We show how the existing medium voltage grid infrastructure can adapt these new needs on an economic scale.
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Teillet, Thomas, François Fournier, Luanxiao Zhao, Jean Borgomano, and Fei Hong. "Geophysical pore type inversion in carbonate reservoir: Integration of cores, well logs, and seismic data (Yadana field, offshore Myanmar)." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 3 (2021): B149—B164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0486.1.
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Detection of pore types and diagenetic features from seismic data is a major challenge for the evaluation of carbonate reservoirs in the subsurface. Based on a detailed petrographical and petrophysical analysis of carbonate rock using optical and scanning electron microscopy, mercury-injection measurements, digital image analysis, and well logs, we have determined the potential of the geophysical pore type ([Formula: see text]) inversion — a rock physics inversion scheme based on the differential effective medium theory—to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the pore type distribution from acoustic data in the Yadana carbonate gas field (Early Miocene, offshore Myanmar). The geophysical pore type ([Formula: see text]) is revealed to be an upscalable parameter, whose depositional/diagenetic interpretation may be performed at well log and at seismic scales. We apply the inversion method on a 3D seismic data to map the reservoir-scale distribution and highlight the occurrence of laterally extended (100–1000 m) subseismic- to seismic-scale (thickness [Formula: see text]) geologic bodies. From this approach, two main reservoir geobodies are discriminated and interpreted in terms of depositional and diagenetic fabrics: (1) highly microporous, decameter-scale reservoir units (approximately 80% of the reservoir), mainly consisting of foraminiferal, red algae floatstone to rudstone with vuggy moldic porosity and characterized by moderate to high [Formula: see text] (0.11–0.20) and (2) thin, stratiform, cemented scleractinian floatstone/brecciated units (5–10 m; approximately 20% of the reservoir) with low microporosity and macroporosity and exhibiting low [Formula: see text] values ([Formula: see text]).
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Senesi, Sebastián I., Marcos F. Daziano, Fabio R. Chaddad, and Hernán Palau. "Ownership versus management: the role of farming networks in Argentina." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 20, no. 2 (2017): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0030.
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Agroholdings are ‘horizontally and vertically integrated agricultural and agribusiness enterprises, which often have an explicit holding structure consisting on quite a number of legal entities’. This might be true in the countries the authors evaluated, but it certainly is not the case in Argentina, where horizontal and vertical coordination (rather than integration) is the norm. During the last 25 years the institutional environment impacted the way farming is organized in Argentina, mainly by using contracts between different players and service providers. The agricultural production sector increasingly shifted from a low to medium and to a large-scale business model, and production units expanded horizontally by means of land leases (coordination) and purchases (integration) in order to increase the scale of production and dilute fixed costs in an attempt to generate higher margins. In that sense this paper arises four questions: (1) why is it that in Argentina large-scale farming is predominantly done via contracts instead of vertical and horizontal integration?; (2) why have large-scale farming networks recently stalled or even declined in terms of area growth?; (3) how and why do these networks vary their scale of production, locations and strategies?; and (4) what can we expect in terms of evolution of different types of large-scale farming? It is observed that in Argentina there were different institutional contexts, sometimes with clearer and more stable conditions and low levels of uncertainty, sometimes with higher intervention policies and transaction costs. The paper discusses how new organizations emerged during different periods and scenarios, in a context of increased international demand for agricultural commodities. The most relevant conclusions drawn from this analysis are that, in Argentina’s agriculture, there is a continuous shift from ownership to management, although consolidation towards larger scale entities has slowed down due to the existence of institutional and policy restrictions.
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Biagioni, Andrea, Paolo Cretaro, Ottorino Frezza, et al. "EuroEXA Custom Switch: an innovative FPGA-based system for extreme scale computing in Europe." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024509004.
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EuroEXA is a major European FET research initiative that aims to deliver a proof-of-concept of a next generation Exa-scalable HPC platform. EuroEXA leverages on previous projects results (ExaNeSt, ExaNoDe and ECOSCALE) to design a medium scale but scalable, fully working HPC system prototype exploiting state-of-the-art FPGA devices that integrate compute accelerators and low-latency high-throughputnetwork. Exascale-class systems are expected to host a very large number of computing nodes, from 104 up to 105, so that capability and performances of the interconnect architecture are critical to achieve high computing efficiency at this scale. In this perspective, EuroEXA enhances the ExaNet architecture, inherited by the ExaNeSt project, and introduces a multi-tier, hybrid topology network built on top of an FPGA-integrated Custom Switch that provides high throughput and low inter-node traffic latency for the different layers of the network hierarchy. Deployment of a few testbeds is planned, with incremental complexity and equipped with complete software stack and runtime environment, to support the integration and test of the network design and to allow for evaluation of system performance and scalability through benchmarks based on real HPC applications. Design and integration activities are ongoing and the first small scale prototype (50 nodes) is expected to be completed in fall 2020 followed, one year later, by the deployment of the larger prototype (250/500 nodes).
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Maillé, Eric, and Bernard Espinasse. "Pyroxene." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 2, no. 2 (2011): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaeis.2011070104.
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Medium term management of territorial risk increase requires decision support tools able to represent and simulate spatial dynamics. For forest fire risk, simulators of spatial dynamics of both fuel zones and vulnerable zones are produced by specialised disciplines, like ecology and geography. In order to integrate simulators of spatial dynamics of different themes at different scale levels, this paper proposes a spatial agent and GIS based software infrastructure called Pyroxene. This infrastructure is designed to implement “models for models integration”, specified by domain expert users. To do so, end users have to use a specification framework, specifically designed for spatio-dynamic models integration. The purpose of the implemented platform is to execute and synchronise integrated simulations. To operate the semantic and syntax requirements of such integration, the platform is structured in an HLA-like architecture, and implemented as a multi-agents system for models integration, compliant with the FIPA specification. It is also organised around a GIS. First steps of validation confirm the validity of the system at the functional level and precise the limits of using the approach on the operational level.
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Wu, Chih-Ping, and Yen-Jung Chen. "Cylindrical Bending Vibration of Multiple Graphene Sheet Systems Embedded in an Elastic Medium." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 04 (2019): 1950035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419500354.
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Based on the Eringen nonlocal elasticity theory and multiple time scale method, an asymptotic nonlocal elasticity theory is developed for cylindrical bending vibration analysis of simply-supported, [Formula: see text]-layered, and uniformly or nonuniformly-spaced, graphene sheet (GS) systems embedded in an elastic medium. Both the interactions between the top and bottom GSs and their surrounding medium and the interactions between each pair of adjacent GSs are modeled as one-parameter Winkler models with different stiffness coefficients. In the formulation, the small length scale effect is introduced to the nonlocal constitutive equations by using a nonlocal parameter. The nondimensionalization, asymptotic expansion, and successive integration mathematical processes are performed for a typical GS. After assembling the motion equations for each individual GS to form those of the multiple GS system, recurrent sets of motion equations can be obtained for various order problems. Nonlocal multiple classical plate theory (CPT) is derived as a first-order approximation of the current nonlocal plane strain problem, and the motion equations for higher-order problems retain the same differential operators as those of nonlocal multiple CPT, although with different nonhomogeneous terms. Some nonlocal plane strain solutions for the natural frequency parameters of the multiple GS system with and without being embedded in the elastic medium and their corresponding mode shapes are presented to demonstrate the performance of the asymptotic nonlocal elasticity theory.
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Mahfouf, Jean-François. "Linearization of a Simple Moist Convection Scheme for Large-Scale NWP Models." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 6 (2005): 1655–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr2942.1.
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Abstract A simple Kuo-type convection scheme with an improved closure based on moist enthalpy accession (Kuo symmetric) has been linearized for the tangent-linear (TL) and adjoint (AD) versions of the Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model. The nonlinear scheme exhibits a reasonable behavior in terms of heating and moistening rates when evaluated in stand-alone mode over a set of deep convective profiles. A preliminary evaluation of a straightforward linearization in the global TL model has revealed the existence of noise that leads to an unacceptable solution after 12 h of integration. By neglecting several terms in the linearization (detrainment rate and cloud properties), the temporal evolution of humidity analysis increments is improved by including this simplified linearized convection scheme in the TL model. The behavior of the linearized scheme has also been compared favorably to the linearized version of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) mass-flux convection scheme. When examining the validity of the TL approximation for surface precipitation, it appears that linearization errors are large for both stratiform and convective rainfall (rms errors are about twice the mean absolute perturbed precipitation). These errors are not reduced when considering accumulated rain rates instead of instantaneous quantities. However, the occurrence of “on–off” processes is reduced by a temporal integration of rain. This could make the variational assimilation of accumulated precipitation rates easier. Finally, errors coming from internal nonlinearities are slightly larger than those produced by discontinuities. This confirms the interest for improving the linearity of nonlinear convection schemes for applications in variational contexts.
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Etim, Ernest S., Robertson K. Tengeh, and Chux Gervase Iwu. "Integration of Information and Communication Technology into Women Entrepreneurship in Uyo, Nigeria." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 4(J) (2018): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i4(j).2413.
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Globally, entrepreneurship has steadily become the leading trend associated with growth regionally as well as nationally. It has lent itself to the significant and sustainable development of locally available resources and of human and social capital. More so, the establishment of microenterprises, together with small and medium scale businesses by women, is the most recognizable route to job creation, poverty alleviation, family well-being and women empowerment; apart from the social benefits accrued and direct impact to the community and environment. Unfortunately, despite the substantial resources invested by national and regional governments, international development organizations and other stakeholders for the enhancement of women entrepreneurship, several constraints still prevent women from attaining optimal performance in terms of business growth, annual turnover, and market capitalization. The use of information and communications technologies (ICT) has been suggested as another appropriate medium to assist with some of these challenges. A total number of 50 targeted female entrepreneurs in Uyo metropolis, Nigeria, were purposively sampled to take part in this study. Quantitative research design using semi-structured questionnaires was used to explore the influence of ICT on the entrepreneurial activities of female entrepreneurs. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted to interpret the primary data. Binary Logistics Regression resulted in Wald value =1.353 and p=.245, which is >> .05. The Wald chi-square test led to the rejection of the null hypothesis because of the p-value. Therefore, the leveraging of ICT tools did not have a significant effect on entrepreneurial activities among women entrepreneurs in the educational sector.
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Dosano, Rodel D., Nemia H. Mabaquiao, Godelyn Gallega-Hisole, Regin A. Cabacas, and In-Ho Ra. "A Novel Approach for Determining Distributed Generations Penetration Level Using Least Square Minimization (LSM) Curve Fitting." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 20, no. 6 (2016): 1004–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2016.p1004.
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With the publicized benefits offered by renewable energy resources, more and more households embrace the utilization of stand-alone installations ranging from small to medium scale systems. In literature, several studies provide insights on the effects of integration of renewable energy (RE) resources to the distribution systems but have inadequacy of considering the penetration levels. Moreover, RE cost reductions, increasing costs of traditional energy sources, and Renewable Portfolio Standards have created the possibility of significant increase of penetration levels of distributed RE generation being installed on distribution systems. To aid in the evaluation and assist with these expansions, new analysis tools are needed. In particular, new RE high-penetration analysis tools and procedures need to be developed and integrated with existing conventional methods. This paper presents a simulation based study on distribution system with and without integration of RE sources. It takes into account of the impending effects of these RE integrations in the distribution system. This paper emphasizes a novel method of determining the penetration level of Distributed Generation using least square minimization (LSM) method. The studies were tested using IEEE 123 bus distribution test feeder and actual data from an existing distribution system to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
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MEYERSON, B. S., D. L. HARAME, J. STORK, E. CRABBE, J. COMFORT, and G. PATTON. "SILICON:GERMANIUM HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS: FROM EXPERIMENT TO TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 05, no. 03 (1994): 473–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012915649400019x.
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Recent advances in thin film growth techniques, notably the maturation of low temperature silicon epitaxy, have enabled the routine fabrication of highly controlled dopant and silicon:germanium alloy profiles. These capabilities, combined with refinements in heterojunction bipolar transistor designs, have led to the first integrated circuits in the silicon:germanium materials system. Utilizing a commercial (Leybold-AG) UHVCVD tool for SiGe epitaxy on a standard 8" CMOS line, medium scale integration has been achieved, with the first IC components being SiGe HBT based 1 Ghz, 12 bit, digital to analog converters.
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Pashang, Batool, and Mridula Singh. ""The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Relation to Traits of Anxiety "." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 6, no. 2 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.11.1.
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The present study examines the role of Emotional intelligence, as measured by Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), in relation to Traits of anxiety (Emotional instability, Suspiciousness, Guilt proneness, Low integration and Tension), as measured by Anxiety Scale (IPAT). A total of 599 adults, between the ages of 20 to 50 were asked to complete the questionnaires. The mean score on total anxiety verified that the highest level of El tolerated the lowest anxiety, which was followed by subjects with medium and low levels of El. The results of the Low self control (Q3) and Emotional Instability(C) traits, displayed that the highest level of El yielded the lowest scores on those traits. The findings reported that the trait of Suspicion was tolerated same among the groups. On the other hand both the Apprehension and Tension traits pushed up on the high level of El. In the case of medium level of El, people were engaged with all of the traits on an average but the Apprehension was increased in this group in comparison to the other traits.
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Ikelle, L. T., S. K. Yung, and F. Daube. "2-D random media with ellipsoidal autocorrelation functions." GEOPHYSICS 58, no. 9 (1993): 1359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443518.
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The integration of surface seismic data with borehole seismic data and well‐log data requires a model of the earth which can explain all these measurements. We have chosen a model that consists of large and small scale inhomogeneities: the large scale inhomogeneities are the mean characteristics of the earth while the small scale inhomogeneities are fluctuations from these mean values. In this paper, we consider a two‐dimensional (2-D) model where the large scale inhomogeneities are represented by a homogeneous medium and small scale inhomogeneities are randomly distributed inside the homogeneous medium. The random distribution is characterized by an ellipsoidal autocorrelation function in the medium properties. The ellipsoidal autocorrelation function allows the parameterization of small scale inhomogeneities by two independent autocorrelation lengths a and b in the horizontal and the vertical Cartesian directions, respectively. Thus we can describe media in which the inhomogeneities are isotropic (a = b), or elongated in a direction parallel to either of the two Cartesian directions (a > b, a < b), or even taken to infinite extent in either dimension (e.g., a = infinity, b = finite: a 1-D medium) by the appropriate choice of the autocorrelation lengths. We also examine the response of seismic waves to this form of inhomogeneity. To do this in an accurate way, we used the finite‐difference technique to simulate seismic waves. Special care is taken to minimize errors due to grid dispersion and grid anisotropy. The source‐receiver configuration consists of receivers distributed along a quarter of a circle centered at the source point, so that the angle between the source‐receiver direction and the vertical Cartesian direction varies from 0 to 90 degrees. Pulse broadening, coda, and anisotropy (transverse isotropy) due to small scale inhomogeneities are clearly apparent in the synthetic seismograms. These properties can be recast as functions of the aspect ratio [Formula: see text] of the medium, especially the anisotropy and coda. For media with zero aspect ratio (1-D media), the coda energy is dominant at large angles. The coda energy gradually becomes uniformly distributed with respect to angle as the aspect ratio increases to unity. Our numerical results also suggest that, for small values of aspect ratio, the anisotropic behavior (i.e., the variations of pulse arrival times with angle) of the 2-D random media is similar to that of a 1-D random medium. The arrival times agree with the effective medium theory. As the aspect ratio increases to unity, the variations of pulse arrival times with angle gradually become isotropic. To retain the anisotropic behavior beyond the geometrical critical angle, we have used a low‐frequency pulse with a nonzero dc component.
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Majumdar, Shouvik Kishore, Angana Parashar Sarma, and Srishti Majumdar. "E-commerce and Digital Connectivity: Unleashing the Potential for Greater India–ASEAN Integration." Journal of Asian Economic Integration 2, no. 1 (2020): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631684620910524.
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Digital connectivity and e-commerce are emerging as important drivers to connect small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries to their domestic and global markets. India and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have emerged as fastest growing e-commerce and digital markets. Studies show that digital connectivity and e-commerce will help SMEs and marginalised groups in the two economies to diversify their client base at lower costs, while consumers will have access to a wide range of products. To support digitalisation and e-commerce, several initiatives have been taken by the governments in India and ASEAN. Many of them are related to enhancing cross-country trade and collaboration. The ASEAN–India Partnership for Peace, Progress and Shared Prosperity 2016–2020 is one such initiative. However, SMEs so far have not gained much from such initiatives. This article provides an overview of the current status of digtalisation and e-commerce in India and ASEAN. It examines their comparative positions in terms of technology adaptation and policy regimes and then presents the participation of these countries in bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral agreements and forums. Apart from infrastructure issues, restrictive regulations like data localisation requirements and lack of standards along with the defensive position of countries in international forums is adversely impacting the ability of their SMEs to scale up. The article provides recommendations on use of technology to help SMEs to scale up through a joint innovative knowledge sharing and e-commerce platform.
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Barreiro-Vescovo, Santiago, Elena Barbera, Alberto Bertucco, and Eleonora Sforza. "Integration of Microalgae Cultivation in a Biogas Production Process from Organic Municipal Solid Waste: From Laboratory to Pilot Scale." ChemEngineering 4, no. 2 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering4020025.
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In this study, the feasibility of integrating microalgae cultivation in a biogas production process that treats the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was investigated. In particular, the biomass growth performances in the liquid fraction of the digestate, characterized by high ammonia concentrations and turbidity, were assessed together with the nutrient removal efficiency. Preliminary laboratory-scale experiments were first carried out in photobioreactors operating in a continuous mode (Continuous-flow Stirred-Tank Reactor, CSTR), to gain preliminary data aimed at aiding the subsequent scaling up to a pilot scale facility. An outdoor experimental campaign, operated from July to October 2019, was then performed in a pilot scale raceway pond (4.5 m2), located in Arzignano (VI), Italy, to assess the performances under real environmental conditions. The results show that microalgae could grow well in this complex substrate, although dilution was necessary to enhance light penetration in the culture. In outdoor conditions, nitrification by autotrophic bacteria appeared to be significant, while the photosynthetic nitrogen removal was around 12% with respect to the inlet. On the other hand, phosphorus was almost completely removed from the medium under all the conditions tested, and a biomass production between 2–7 g m−2 d−1 was obtained.
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Bartos, Hunor, Márta Balázs, Ildikó Hajnalka Kuzman, Szabolcs Lányi, and Ildikó Miklóssy. "Production of High Added-Value Chemicals in Basfia succiniciproducens: Role of Medium Composition." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063513.
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Succinic acid production through biological fermentation led to new pathways in the integration of renewable feedstock from different industries into biosynthesis. In this article, we investigate the population growth dynamics and succinic acid production potential of the recently isolated natural succinic acid producer, Basfia succiniciproducens, using in silico constraint-based metabolic models as well as in vitro experiments. Our work focuses on the influence of different renewable substrates and added yeast extract on fermentation dynamics, and the produced metabolites of the strain cultured in mineral (minimal) medium. According to our experiments, which were carried out as small-scale fermentations and in bioreactor conditions, glucose is the preferred carbon source, while the addition of 1% yeast extract has a significant positive effect on biomass formation. In the case of B. succiniciproducens cultured in minimal salt medium, a production potential as high as 47.09 mM succinic acid was obtained in these conditions. Industrial applications related to this bacterial strain could contribute to new possibilities for the re-use of byproducts by using fermentation processes, leading to high added-value compounds.
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Suwandi, Imam, Erna Maulina, and Tetty Herawati. "Supply Chain Integration (SCI) Fashion Products Made By SMEsIn Response to Improve Performance Development Of Tourism In West Java." Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Publik 4, no. 1 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jmpp.v4i1.25449.
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The advancement of the travel industry in West Java can be an open door for MSMEs in the city of Bandung to address the issues of sightseers and affect expanding pay for MSMEs. In light of the advancement of the travel industry required arrangements and fitting ways for SMEs to answer these difficulties. Collaboration in gracefully bind the executives is thought to be a fitting action to improve hierarchical execution and increment upper hand. Gracefully Chain Incorporation (SCI) can influence authoritative execution. This article considers the effect of Gracefully Chain Mix systems on authoritative execution and investigates the impact of SCI on hierarchical execution in Miniaturized scale, Little and Medium Undertakings (MSMEs) on design items in West Java. This article utilizes a poll that was created with an approved estimation scale from past investigations and exact information was gathered through a study survey from 207 MSMEs utilizing likelihood testing. This exploration is a quantitative report with investigation utilizing SEM-PLS. This examination gives a suggestion to MSMEs in West Java specifically.
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Zadorozhnyy, M. V., I. D. Zolnikov, and N. V. Glushkova. "Detailed geological mapping of the Olon-Ovoot gold-ore cluster (South Mongolia) based on the interpretation of satellite imagery of medium and high spatial resolution." Исследования Земли из Космоса, no. 5 (November 5, 2019): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0205-96142019559-71.
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Detailed geological mapping of Olon-Ovoot gold-ore cluster (South Mongolia) on the basis of interpretation of satellite imagery of medium and high spatial resolution The article presents the results of geological interpretation the territory of the Olon-Ovoot ore cluster by space imagery of medium and high spatial resolution. A Sentinel-2 imagery, chosen for interpretation, was orthorectified and reduced to a common spatial resolution (10m) The iron-hydroxid and ferrous-silicates indices in Sentinel-2 imagery were used to detect the perspective gold-bearing objects. The sub-pixel structure of the imagery Sentinel-2 were analyzed by means of satellite imagery of high spatial resolution by Google Earth for detecting areas concentration of the quartz-carbonate veins. The study of the spectral domain in high-resolution imagery not necessary for detecting lineaments by structural and morphological interpretation. The interpretation of the remote sensing data provide a unique opportunity to substantial specify the geological structure of the territory and change the level of mapping from the scale of 1 : 200 000 to the scale of 1 : 20 000 for the perspective areas. The integration of satellite images of different functional scale provided an tenfold increase for some geological objects (for example dikes). Detailed mapping of the territory allowed to come for geoinformation modeling of geological structural elements and predictive indicators.
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Ngo, Cam, LaVelle Hendricks, Tara Tietjen-Smith, and Quynh Dang. "Teaching Content Using English as a Medium of Instruction at Universities in Vietnam: Issues and Solutions." Asian Education Studies 3, no. 1 (2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/aes.v3i1.304.
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In the globalization era, English is becoming the official international language. This originates from the importance of English in the stages of integration, internationalization, and globalization. English is the language of computer science, economics, science, and technology. Actually, future Vietnamese scientists not only need to grasp the knowledge of their specializations in the Vietnamese language but also to be able to expand the international relationships with their foreign counterparts and take advantage of opportunities for joining scientific projects with their colleagues from developed countries, so that they can contribute to the global achievements of science. For that, they need to possess a good command of the English language. For aforementioned reasons, English should be used as the medium language for content instruction at Vietnamese universities. Using English as a Medium of Instruction (EMOI) becomes a necessity at Vietnamese universities on a large scale. In terms of majors and schools, priority can be given to such fields as industry, economics, technology, and natural sciences.
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Kumar, Umesh. "Vlsi Interconnection Modelling Using a Finite Element Approach." Active and Passive Electronic Components 18, no. 3 (1995): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/97362.
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In the last decade, an important shift has taken place in the design of hardware with the advent of smaller and denser integrated circuit packages. Analysis techniques are required to ensure the proper electrical functioning of this hardware. An efficient method is presented to model the parasitic capacitance of VLSI (very large scale integration) interconnections. It is valid for conductors in a stratified medium, which is considered to be a good approximation for theSi−SiO2system of which present day ICs are made. The model approximates the charge density on the conductors as a continuous function on a web of edges. Each base function in the approximation has the form of a “spider” of edges. Here the method used [1] has very low complexity, as compared to other models used previously [2], and achieves a high degree of precision within the range of validity of the stratified medium.
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Tampubolon, W., and W. Reinhardt. "ANALYSIS OF RADAR AND OPTICAL SPACE BORNE DATA FOR LARGE SCALE TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPPING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W2 (March 10, 2015): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w2-235-2015.
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Normally, in order to provide high resolution 3 Dimension (3D) geospatial data, large scale topographical mapping needs input from conventional airborne campaigns which are in Indonesia bureaucratically complicated especially during legal administration procedures i.e. security clearance from military/defense ministry. This often causes additional time delays besides technical constraints such as weather and limited aircraft availability for airborne campaigns. Of course the geospatial data quality is an important issue for many applications. The increasing demand of geospatial data nowadays consequently requires high resolution datasets as well as a sufficient level of accuracy. Therefore an integration of different technologies is required in many cases to gain the expected result especially in the context of disaster preparedness and emergency response. Another important issue in this context is the fast delivery of relevant data which is expressed by the term “Rapid Mapping”. <br><br> In this paper we present first results of an on-going research to integrate different data sources like space borne radar and optical platforms. Initially the orthorectification of Very High Resolution Satellite (VHRS) imagery i.e. SPOT-6 has been done as a continuous process to the DEM generation using TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X data. The role of Ground Control Points (GCPs) from GNSS surveys is mandatory in order to fulfil geometrical accuracy. In addition, this research aims on providing suitable processing algorithm of space borne data for large scale topographical mapping as described in section 3.2. <br><br> Recently, radar space borne data has been used for the medium scale topographical mapping e.g. for 1:50.000 map scale in Indonesian territories. The goal of this on-going research is to increase the accuracy of remote sensing data by different activities, e.g. the integration of different data sources (optical and radar) or the usage of the GCPs in both, the optical and the radar satellite data processing. Finally this results will be used in the future as a reference for further geospatial data acquisitions to support topographical mapping in even larger scales up to the 1:10.000 map scale.
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Jain, Abhishek, Rajbir S. Bhatti, and Harwinder Singh. "OEE enhancement in SMEs through mobile maintenance: a TPM concept." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 32, no. 5 (2015): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-05-2013-0088.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce mobile maintenance a new concept of total productive maintenance (TPM) implementation practice, especially in small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). This study tries to introduce this new concept for SMEs in SMEs to help traditional maintenance program which is already available in particular industries. Design/methodology/approach – The approach is to study the role of mobile maintenance (a part of TPM program) in context of Indian industries either from small and medium scale to large scale industries through overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). Findings – Researchers evolutes a new maintenance concept of TPM implementation practice as mobile maintenance concept in SMEs for enhancing OEE of equipments to improve competitiveness of SMEs in a globalized market. This mobile maintenance strategy can reduce major breakdowns, setup and adjustment losses and improve productivity, product quality and OEE of equipments. Research limitations/implications – In the dynamic and highly challenging environment, reliable manufacturing equipments are regarded as the major contributor to the performance and profitability of manufacturing systems. A researcher has found that some SMEs of Banmore industrial areas is also using mobile maintenance and preventive maintenance along with traditional maintenance process and getting improvements in the maintenance process as well as machine reliability and OEE of equipments. After the globalization of market, SMEs has got many opportunities to work on integration with large-scale organizations. Originality/value – It will be very benefitted for the Indian SMEs. SMEs can improve machine availability and OEE by implementing this mobile maintenance concept especially in SMEs.