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Journal articles on the topic 'Medium-term expenditure framework'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

International Monetary Fund. "Botswana: Technical Assistance Report-Introducing a Medium-Term Expenditure Framework." IMF Staff Country Reports 14, no. 162 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498302166.002.

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2

SCHIAVO-CAMPO, SALVATORE. "Potemkin Villages: “The” Medium-Term Expenditure Framework in Developing Countries." Public Budgeting & Finance 29, no. 2 (2009): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5850.2009.00926.x.

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3

Nwiado, Deebii, and Leelee N. Deekor PhD. "Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF): A Panacea for Public Expenditure Management (PEM) In Nigeria?" Business and Management Studies 6, no. 4 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v6i4.5078.

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This paper investigated the outcome of the adoption and implementation of Medium-term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) in the Nigeria budgeting process. MTEF is eulogized by the World Bank, and even donor organization DFR as the panacea to the poor public expenditure management (PEM) prevalent in most of sub – Sahara African Countries. MTEF was first adopted in Nigeria, following the passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 Act 30 to guide her national annual budgeting process. Using simply statistical methods, we collated data from sixteen national budgets (2003 - 2016), and constructed stat

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Ogujiuba, Kanayo, and Omoju Sola . "Medium Term Expenditure and Fiscal Management in Nigeria: A Review of the (2005-2008) Framework." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 5, no. 5 (2013): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v5i5.405.

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The Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) provides the link between policy priorities and the budget. Given that in developing countries in general, and in Nigeria in particular, there is a disconnection between planning, policy and the budget, the MTEF has increasingly been regarded as central to public expenditure reforms. The objectives of this paper are to review the MTEF and budget performance in Nigeria for the period 2005-2008, and identify the challenges undermining the effective operation of the budgetary processes. The paper gathered that the MTEF is the bridge between the nationa

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Kharisma, Bayu, and Kodrat Wibowo. "Consistency of Planning and Budgeting of Basic infrastructure in West Java Province." Economics Development Analysis Journal 8, no. 1 (2019): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v8i1.28129.

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Planning and budgeting play an essential role in achieving development goals in the national and regional scale, especially fundamental development such as infrastructure. Development planning documents through the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) approach presents the relationship between policy priorities and available budgets. The development planning document is implemented annually through the Regional Development Budget (APBD) through a Public Expenditure Management (PEM) approach. Consistency between the two documents is needed to achieve development goals. The purpose of this s

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6

Samoshkina, Olga. "Program targeted management of budgetary resources in the mechanism of public development." University Economic Bulletin, no. 43 (November 20, 2019): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-43-184-196.

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Relevance of the research topic. The development of public relations requires an increase in the effectiveness of budgetary resource management in solving the priority tasks of the country's socio-economic development and obtaining the maximum socially beneficial effect from the use of budgetary funds. Issues of strategic program targeted management of budgetary resources in the mechanism of social development, evaluation of the effectiveness of budgetary expenditures, the introduction of medium-term budget planning are becoming of current importance. Formulation of the problem. The issue of e

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Kanayo, Ogujiuba, and Terfa W. Abraham . "Impact of Public Expenditure on Climate Change in Nigeria: Lessons from South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 4, no. 9 (2012): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v4i9.353.

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This paper examines the role of public expenditure in enhancing climate change adaptation and mitigation in Nigeria. It examines the trend of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Nigeria alongside those of South Africa and Sub Saharan Africa and investigates the statistical relationship between public expenditure and climate change in Nigeria. The paper hinges on the Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional framework of the Oversee Development Institute (ODI), which argues that climate change, has fiscal implications and can be addressed using national plans and annual budgets. Time series data were th

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LYSIAK, Liubov, Svitlana KACHULA, and Alina ABDIN. "BUDGET POLICY IN THE FIELD OF EXPENDITURE IN THE COORDINATES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 4(65) (2021): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2020.04.039.

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Introduction. Social development is an important process of society functioning and it involves human potential strengthening, ensuring the appropriate level of welfare. An important condition for progressive social development is the budget policy on state and local budget expenditures. Expenditures as an instrument of budget policy is a source of public needs, therefore significantly affect the social sphere development. In the context of the crisis caused by unprecedented restrictions on business activity, the fall of GDP exacerbates social problems; it actualizes the study of theoretical p

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9

Schoeman, N. J., Z. Clausen Robinson, and T. J. De Wet. "Foreign direct investment flows and fiscal discipline in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 3, no. 2 (2000): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v3i2.2609.

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This paper investigates the impact of fiscal policy on foreign direct investment (PDI) in South Africa during the past 30 years. Casual empirical analysis reveals a definite linkage between FDI flows and variables such as the deficit/GDP ratio, representing fiscal discipline, and the tax burden on foreign investors. This relationship is substantiated by econometric analysis. Given the economy's large degree of dependence on foreign capital, the government may contribute to an investor-friendly environment by adjusting fiscal policy. Some inroads have been made in this regard with the governmen

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10

Kanyeva, Tatiana. "Budget expenditure as a tool of social development." University Economic Bulletin, no. 44 (February 12, 2020): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-44-172-179.

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Relevance of the research topic. In the context of economic transformation, issues of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of budget expenditures as a tool for social development are actualized. Budget expenditures should be planned taking into account the dynamic and cyclical nature of economic processes, the need to ensure a sufficient level of institutional economic transformation, the use of effective financial and budgetary mechanisms and tools, in particular, a sound system for monitoring the efficiency of use of budgetary funds. A well-balanced approach to budgetary architecture

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11

Aynulhasan, M., Hafiz A. Pasha, and Ajazm M. Rasheed. "Can Cost-effective Reallocation of Inputs Increase the Efficiency of the Public Health System in Pakistan?" Pakistan Development Review 36, no. 4II (1997): 669–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i4iipp.669-693.

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Heavy investment in many developing countries in the social sector including health is based on the premise that human capital is vital to the growth and development of a nation. However, Pakistan's spending on this sector has been one of the lowest in the region. In the present environment of high budget deficits, one does not expect substantial public funds to be forthcoming and diverted towards the social sector in the intermediate- or medium-term future. The critical issue facing the public sector should then be to design health policies which must be cost-effective and efficient. This stu

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Zezza, Gennaro. "Fiscal policies in a monetary union: the eurozone case." European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention 17, no. 2 (2020): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2020.02.05.

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We argue that the institutional framework of the eurozone was designed to deny a role for fiscal policy. However, the Great Recession of 2008–2009 forced governments to intervene, mainly to avoid the collapse of their financial systems. At the same time, the severe recession implied a decrease in tax revenues, and an increase in some components of public expenditure – such as unemployment benefits, which implied an increase in public deficits. When the crisis seemed to be over, the Maastricht rules gave priority to restoring fiscal targets, even at the cost of prolonged unemployment and stagna

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Effendi, Edy, and Achmad Zunaidi. "Analysis of not Using the Multi-Year Contract Method in Directorate General of Islamic Education." Jurnal Anggaran dan Keuangan Negara Indonesia (AKURASI) 2, no. 1 (2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33827/akurasi2020.vol2.iss1.art64.

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The application of multi-year budgeting is the implementation of the medium-term expenditure framework approach. Furthermore, the multi-year budgeting is carried out through the procurement of goods and services called the Multi-Year Contract. Multi-year budgeting provides certainty for the continued funding of activities/projects. Although, an activity/project that naturally lasts more than one fiscal year but not all planners use multi-year budgeting. This study reveals the background behind the policy of not using the multi-year budgeting method by spending unit in the Directorate General o

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Floroiu, Otilia Georgiana. "INNOVATION FOR GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM CEE EUROZONE CANDIDATES." Oradea Journal of Business and Economics 5, Special (2020): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe103.

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This paper analyzes the European innovation framework focusing on four Eurozone candidates: Romania, Poland, Hungary, and Czech Republic. In the last decades, almost two-thirds of Europe’s economic growth has been driven by innovation. This idea is supported by impressive scientific findings concerning the correlation between innovation and economic growth. We believe that better innovation performance stimulates economic convergence and in the long term, facilitates the candidates’ transition towards Euro currency adoption. The countries in the study demonstrate a low innovative performance p

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Anwar, Tilat. "Structural Adjustment and Poverty: The Case of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 35, no. 4II (1996): 911–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v35i4iipp.911-926.

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Despite the external shocks in the 1980s, the economy continued to grow at a respectable rate. However, increasing internal and external imbalances caused an economic crisis in 1988 and lead to an implementation of a medium term structural adjustment programme within the framework of the IMF and the World Bank. Neither theory nor existing evidence gives a conclusive verdict about the effects of adjustment policies on poverty. Hence, the paper examines the actual changes in absolute poverty during the period of adjustment. The actual changes in the distribution have been examined from two compa

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16

Nimani, Artan, and Halil Kukaj. "New Fiscal Package in Kosovo and Its Impact on Economy." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 5 (2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n5p29.

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In order to create a more flexible system for citizens and businesses in Kosovo, the Government of Kosovo made a decision by which from 1 April 2014 increased the salaries for 25% for employees receiving salaries and pensioner compensation and other social categories from the Kosovo budget. This Government decision carries some problems with regard to public finance management and impact on the country's economy by creating a new reality in the payroll and public spending. Direct impact of this document: Decision No: 01/176. 10 March 2014, are: First, the increase in wage expenditures was not

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17

Martí, Caridad. "Performance Budgeting and Medium-Term Expenditure Frameworks: A Comparison in OECD Central Governments." Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 21, no. 4 (2018): 313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2018.1526492.

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18

Di Francesco, Michael, and Rafael Barroso. "Bottom-Up Costing Within Medium Term Expenditure Frameworks: A Survey of Practices in Selected OECD Countries." Public Budgeting & Finance 35, no. 3 (2015): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbaf.12069.

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19

Sjioen, Malisye Christin, Jimmy Pello, Jeny Eoh, Lenny M. Tamunu, and Apolonia Diana Sherly da Costa. "Policy Implementation of Fisheries Economic Empowerment and Economic Resilience in the Long-Term of Sustainable Development in Kupang City, Indonesia." Journal of Management and Sustainability 10, no. 1 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v10n1p15.

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A substantial problem for the economic development of fishermen in Kupang City, Indonesia is that there are 5,955 fishermen who still have a smaller income than the expenditure and limited access to the rights to control fisheries resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the implementation of fisheries economic empowerment and economic resilience policies in Kupang City using descriptive qualitative methods focusing on the Sala Model theory proposition from Riggs (1964) within the framework of fishermen economic empowerment development paradigm and the framework of econo

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20

Vatamanyuk-Zelinska, Uliana, Victoria Bednarchuk, and Alina Mlintsova. "Financing the needs of the defence sector in Ukraine." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 7-8 (November 2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2020.7-8.3.

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Purpose. The aim of the article is to comprehensive study of the financing of expenditures for the needs of the defence sector in Ukraine, practical study and analysis of their composition and dynamics for the national security and defence of the state in the ongoing aggression of the Russian Federation. Methodology of research. A set of general scientific research methods was used to achieve the defined goal and objectives, which made it possible to present directions for improving the process of financing the expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine for the needs of the defence sector. Th

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21

Li, Qingfeng, and Jose G. Rimon. "A demographic dividend of the FP2020 Initiative and the SDG reproductive health target: Case studies of India and Nigeria." Gates Open Research 2 (February 22, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12803.1.

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Background: The demographic dividend, defined as the economic growth potential resulting from favorable shifts in population age structure following rapid fertility decline, has been widely employed to advocate improving access to family planning. The current framework focuses on the long-term potential, while the short-term benefits may also help persuade policy makers to invest in family planning. Methods: We estimate the short- and medium-term economic benefits from two major family planning goals: the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020)’s goal of adding 120 million modern contraceptive users by

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Li, Qingfeng, and Jose G. Rimon. "A demographic dividend of the FP2020 Initiative and the SDG reproductive health target: Case studies of India and Nigeria." Gates Open Research 2 (July 12, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12803.2.

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Background: The demographic dividend, defined as the economic growth potential resulting from favorable shifts in population age structure following rapid fertility decline, has been widely employed to advocate improving access to family planning. The current framework focuses on the long-term potential, while the short-term benefits may also help persuade policy makers to invest in family planning. Methods: We estimate the short- and medium-term economic benefits from two major family planning goals: the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020)’s goal of adding 120 million modern contraceptive users by

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23

Gontmakher, E. "Public Finance and Business in Russia: in Search of Balance." World Economy and International Relations, no. 11 (2014): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-11-70-76.

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Public finance and entrepreneurship are interlinked by numerous ties. Primarily, these are the tax system and social insurance payments. The principles of respective governmental expenditures should be installed in the framework of the conciliation between the state, business and the employee. The analysis shows that in today's Russia, the balance between the interests of the state (implemented, among other mechanisms, through the budgetary system) and the business has not been found yet. There is a clear dominance of the executive branch of authority over the legislative branch. This leads to

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Chugunov, Alexey. "Formation of budgets of local self governance in the system of social development of territorial communities." University Economic Bulletin, no. 38 (July 3, 2018): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2018-38-153-161.

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The subject of the study is theoretical and practical issues of the formation of budgets of local self-government in the system of social development of territorial communities. The purpose of the study is to reveal the priority tasks for improving the system of formation of budgets of local self-government. Research methods. The paper uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systematic, structural, comparative, factor methods, which allowed to realize the conceptual unity of the research. Results of work. The article reveals the role of local self-government budgets in the d

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"The Consolidated Medium-Term Income and Expenditure Framework." Policy Papers 2014, no. 23 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498343435.007.

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The medium-term income projections have been updated since the last estimate provided to the Executive Board in April 2013. Lending income is higher compared with the earlier estimates as a result of new arrangements approved since April 2013. Non-lending income is lower primarily due to revised projections for investment income. The updated expenditure path assumes the net administrative budget remains constant in real terms at the FY 2014 level, implying a nominal medium-term path that is somewhat higher than in the April 2013 projections. Precautionary balances are projected to reach the cu

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"The Consolidated Medium-Term Income and Expenditure Framework." Policy Papers 2013, no. 38 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498341882.007.

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The medium-term projections of Fund income and precautionary balances accumulation have been updated since the April 2012 projections. The overall income outlook remains positive with continued high lending income expected in the medium-term. The projections indicate a downward shift in the income path primarily due to lower non-lending income as a result of the low global interest rates and the agreement to phase in investments under the new gold-sales funded endowment. The updated expenditure path has not changed significantly. The projections also illustrate a broad balance between income a

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"The Consolidated Medium-Term Income and Expenditure Framework." Policy Papers 15, no. 61 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498344722.007.

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The medium-term income projections have been updated since the last estimate provided to the Executive Board in April 2014. The main changes to the outlook stem from a lower path for credit outstanding and expectations for a more gradual rise in interest rates. The revised projections show lower levels of net operational income over the coming years. Lending income is lower compared with earlier estimates as a result of lower credit levels, including the advance repurchases by Ireland and Portugal. Non-lending income is also projected to be lower reflecting a further downward shift in SDR inte

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"The Consolidated Medium-Term Income and Expenditure Framework." Policy Papers 2011, no. 30 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498338950.007.

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This paper updates the Fund’s consolidated income and expenditure outlook from the projections in January 2011. The paper incorporates and extends the income and budget projections in the companion papers, Review of the Fund’s Income Position for FY 2011 and FY 2012 (4/7/11) and FY 2012–FY 2014 Medium-Term Budget (3/31/11). The paper also provides an update on the projected accumulation of precautionary balances over the medium term. This responds to a request made during the September 2010 discussion of the adequacy of precautionary balances that progress towards targets be assessed also in t

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"The Consolidated Medium-Term Income and Expenditure Framework." Policy Papers 2012, no. 100 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498340717.007.

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This paper updates the consolidated income and expenditure outlook and the projected accumulation of precautionary balances over the medium-term. The paper incorporates and extends the income and budget projections in the companion papers; these projections are also in line with those discussed in the recent paper on the review of precautionary balances.

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"The Consolidated Medium-Term Income and Expenditure Framework." Policy Papers 48, no. 2016 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498345750.007.

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The medium-term income projections have been updated from the April 2015 outlook and the February review of the adequacy of precautionary balances. The main changes to the outlook stem from a more gradual rise in the SDR interest rates and lower surcharge income following the lowering of the surcharges threshold. The revised projections still show a positive forecast for net operational income (and surcharges) over the medium term, albeit lower than projected a year ago. Lending income (excluding surcharges) is marginally higher compared with earlier estimates. Surcharge income is estimated to

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Zaman, Constantin, and Fares Gebeily. "Basic Principles for Adopting the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2457327.

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32

Chulu, Jimmy. "Medium Term Expenditure Framework: A Departure from Traditional Budgeting in Zambian Local Governments." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2663160.

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33

Andira, Tri Susanti Resqi, Muhammad Basri, and Halim Halim. "A COMPETENCY IN IMPLEMENTING THE MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK (KPJM) OF BUDGET FIELD ON FINANCIAL AND REGIONAL INCOME DEPARTMENT OF WEST SULAWESI." Jurnal Administrasi Negara 25, no. 3 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.33509/jan.v25i3.722.

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This study aims to determine the extent of the readiness of the competency of the Civil Servant (ASN) in the implementation of the Budget Sector Medium Term Expenditure Framework (KPJM) of budget field on financial and regional income department of west sulawesi. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, where this study uses interview guidelines as the main instrument of data collection. The informants in this study came from the staff of the budget department of BPKPD west sulawesi one person, secretary of BPKPD one person, the head of the budget depa

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"Review of the Fund's Income Position for FY 2011 and FY 2012." Policy Papers 2011, no. 48 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498339056.007.

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This paper reviews the Fund’s income position for FY 2011 and FY 2012. The paper updates projections provided at the FY 2011 midyear review and sets out related proposed decisions for the current and next financial years. A companion paper provides an update on the consolidated medium-term income and expenditure framework.

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"Ukraine." IMF Staff Country Reports 19, no. 353 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513521084.002.

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Ukraine has made good progress over the past three years in implementing reforms to strengthen medium-term budget planning and improve the quality of public spending. Following amendments to the Budget Code in late 2018, a medium-term budget framework (MTBF) has been adopted. A Budget Declaration, covering 2020 to 2022 was submitted to Cabinet, outlining medium-term fiscal prospects and expenditure ceilings for key spending units. To strengthen accountability and spending outcomes, multi-year performance targets for programs were included in the Budget Declaration and spending reviews have bee

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"Ukraine." IMF Staff Country Reports 19, no. 342 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513520377.002.

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To strengthen the medium-term orientation of the budget, the authorities have committed to implement a full-fledged medium-term budget framework (MTBF) as part of their Public Financial Management Reform Strategy (2017–21). A pilot MTBF exercise was launched for the 2018 budget cycle, which will inform the roll-out of a more complete MTBF in 2019. The development of the MTBF has been supported by several FAD technical assistance missions in recent years, including in April this year. The 2018–20 draft Budget Declaration, submitted to the Cabinet of Ministers on June 1, is a major step forward

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"Report of the Managing Director to the International Monetary and Financial Committee on a New Income and Expenditure Framework for the International Monetary Fund." Policy Papers 2008, no. 54 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498334679.007.

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The October 2007 Communiqué of the IMFC called on the Executive Board to develop specific proposals on a new income model and a new expenditure framework by the time of the 2008 Spring Meetings. On April 7, 2008, the Executive Board endorsed a new income model for the Fund and considered a new medium-term budgetary envelope for financial years 2009–11, which includes deep spending cuts, and approved administrative, restructuring, and capital budgets for financial year 2009. As a key element of this new income-expenditure framework, the Executive Board ecommended the adoption by the Board of Go

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"Report of the Managing Director to the International Monetary and Financial Committee on IMF Quota and Voice Reform." Policy Papers 2008, no. 53 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498334693.007.

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The October 2007 Communiqué of the IMFC called on the Executive Board to develop specific proposals on a new income model and a new expenditure framework by the time of the 2008 Spring Meetings. On April 7, 2008, the Executive Board endorsed a new income model for the Fund and considered a new medium-term budgetary envelope for financial years 2009–11, which includes deep spending cuts, and approved administrative, restructuring, and capital budgets for financial year 2009. As a key element of this new income-expenditure framework, the Executive Board ecommended the adoption by the Board of Go

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"Republic of Armenia." IMF Staff Country Reports 19, no. 134 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498315098.002.

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Armenia’s fiscal transparency practices have benefitted from public financial management reforms over the last decade, and several planned reforms will bring further progress. Fiscal forecasts and budgets have become more forward looking and policy oriented, with the introduction of a medium-term expenditure framework (MTEF), improved fiscal objectives, and a performance budgeting system. Fiscal risk disclosure, though fragmented, has gradually improved, in particular, in macrofiscal risk assessment, and a PPP law is being drafted. The accrual accounting reform will significantly improve the c

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40

Ugochukwu, Stanley Chukwudi, Arinze Emedosi, Francis Chinedu Emoh, and Judith Chika Chinagorom. "A Conceptual Model and Medium Term Strategy Templates for Improving Housing Budget Performance in Anambra State, Nigeria." Advances in Research, April 8, 2020, 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2020/v21i330194.

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This study advances a conceptual Housing Budget Performance Model (HBPM) and adapts medium term strategy templates to the housing sector of Anambra State for improving her annual housing budget performance and ultimately, housing delivery. This became expedient due to the prevalence of problems facing the budget process of the State. The Anambra State Government is still faced with poor budget performance arising from a myriad of challenges. Lacks of templates to monitor/track performance during housing budget implementation and review implemented budgets have also been attributed as causal fa

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"The interpretation and use of economic predictions." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 407, no. 1832 (1986): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1986.0087.

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Treasury forecasts, both published and unpublished, of GDP and retail prices are analysed with reference to average absolute forecast errors and a benchmark index of variation. Forecasts of both GDP and the RPI looking two years ahead have become more accurate since the early 1970s, but there has been no marked improvement in one year ahead forecasts. The accuracy of annualized forecasts of GDP improves, and that of the RPI forecasts deteriorates, as the forecast time horizon is progressively extended from one to eight quarters ahead. Some evidence of forecast bias is presented ; in the period

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Haji, Semboja Haji Hatibu. "The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Government Revenue in the Extractive Industry in Tanzania." Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, June 21, 2021, 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2021/v27i330332.

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Tanzania has not been unique amid the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of economic impact. Since the first case was announced in March 2020, several thousand cases have been confirmed with several hundred deaths (real-time data). There were a number of transmitting factors and effects that exposed Tanzanian national revenue systems to great economic risk if COVID-19 was not well managed. The paper assesses the level of risks on the total government revenue resource systems, government revenue collections from the extractive industries and national expenditure budget performances. This descriptive pa

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"Gulf Cooperation Council." Policy Papers 2017, no. 66 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498346191.007.

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Global economic activity is gaining momentum. Global growth is forecast at 3.6 percent this year, and 3.7 percent in 2018, compared to 3.2 percent in 2016. Risks around this forecast are broadly balanced in the near term, but are skewed to the downside over the medium term. The more positive global growth environment should support somewhat stronger oil demand. With inflation in advanced countries remaining subdued, monetary policy is expected to remain accommodative. GCC countries are continuing to adjust to lower oil prices. Substantial fiscal consolidation has taken place in most countries,

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