Journal articles: 'Medula capilar'

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Holanda, Maurus Marques de Almeida, Stênio Abrantes Sarmento, Rodrigo Vasconcelos Correia Lima de Andrade, Evaldo de Sousa Nóbrega, and José Alberto Gonçalves da Silva. "Hemangioma capilar da medula: relato de caso." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 62, no. 2a (2004): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2004000200031.

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Descrevemos um caso raro de hemangioma capilar da medula em mulher de 79 anos, que se apresentou com paraparesia progressiva, no período de 8 meses. Radiologicamente, esta lesão lembra outros tumores vasculares da medula espinhal. A paciente foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico com boa recuperação. Em relação à histopatologia, a lesão assemelhou-se ao hemangioma capilar da pele e tecidos moles, composto de lóbulos de pequenos capilares associados a vasos nutridores, envolvidos por uma cápsula fibrosa. É realizada uma revisão dos casos publicados na literatura, assim como uma discussão dos aspectos clínicos, radiológicos, histológicos e do diagnóstico diferencial da lesão. O conhecimento da sua existência pode evitar erros de diagnóstico desta lesão benigna.

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Leonardo Stamm Paza, Diego, Gian Carlo Pierozan, Guilherme Yoshi Furyama, and Joice Mara Facco Stefanello. "HAIR CORTISOL AS AN ANALYTICAL MEASURE OF CHRONIC STRESS." Psicologia, Saúde & Doença 18, no. 3 (2017): 773–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15309/17psd180312.

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Agopian, Rafael Garabet, Brunna Duarte Braz Oliveira, Katia Oliveira Pimenta Guimarães, et al. "Use and preservation methods of bone grafts in small animals." Biotemas 29, no. 3 (2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2016v29n3p11.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2016v29n3p11O presente estudo descreve as principais características dos enxertos ósseos em pequenos animais. Enxertos ósseos são tecidos avasculares e que facilitam a produção de novas células ósseas com capacidade osteogênica e osteoindutiva, facilitando a diferenciação celular e suporte para a medula óssea. O transplante do enxerto é sucedido por três fases: osteogênese, levando a formação de novo osso; osteoindução, que é a diferenciação das células; e osteocondução, o processo e crescimento de células mesenquimais e capilares, resultando na formação da medula óssea. Os enxertos ósseos podem ser provenientes de áreas esponjosas, corticais, esponjo-cortical, cartilagem ou medula óssea. Eles também podem ser classificados quanto a sua origem, sendo eles autógeno (proveniente do mesmo indivíduo), alógeno (proveniente de outro indivíduo da mesma espécie), ou mesmo xenólogo (proveniente de indivíduo de outra espécie).

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Moura, Weber Leal de, Vinicius Antonio Lima de Carvalho, Antenor Aguiar Santos, Mizue Imoto Egami, Maria Regina Silva, and Mihoko Yamamoto. "Aspectos morfológicos de células da série eritrocítica de Caiman crocodilus yacare (Daudin, 1802; Reptilia, crocodilia)." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 42, no. 5 (2005): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2005.26407.

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Com o objetivo de estudar o sistema hematopoético do réptil Caiman crocodilus yacare, foram utilizados cinco exemplares hígidos e jovens (aproximadamente um ano de idade), provenientes de São Paulo e de Mato Grosso do Sul. Amostras de sangue periférico foram colhidas em EDTA, através da punção do seio venoso cervical, e da medula óssea por punção aspirativa do osso femural. Estudo histológico da medula óssea femural foi realizado através da coloração por HE, Giemsa e técnica de Gomori para fibras reticulínicas. Os esfregaços de sangue e de medula foram processados para coloração panótica (Leishman ou Rosenfeld). A presença de sítios hematopoéticos ativos foi demonstrada histologicamente nos cortes transversais do fêmur, principalmente no terço distal. As células da linhagem eritrocítica foram encontradas dentro dos vasos capilares sinusóides medulares, na região central do osso. As células precursoras desta linhagem estavam aderidas à parede do vaso, e suas sucessoras distribuídas em direção ao centro do sinusóide à medida que amadureciam. Nos esfregaços de medula, as células imaturas da linhagem eritrocítica mostraram-se arredondadas e com núcleo predominantemente frouxo, em contraposição às células maduras, de núcleo condensado e forma em geral elíptica. Foram vistos pró-eritroblastos, eritroblastos basofílicos, policromáticos e ortocromáticos, e finalmente eritrócitos.

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Fernandes, Tiago, Nara Yumi Hashimoto, Isolmar Tadeu Schettert, Juliana Sanajotti Nakamuta, José Eduardo Krieger, and Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira. "O grau de melhora na função das células progenitoras endoteliais derivadas da medula óssea é dependente do volume de treinamento físico aeróbio." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 19, no. 4 (2013): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-86922013000400007.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A angiogênese muscular esquelética induzida pelo treinamento físico aeróbio (TF) é determinante na melhora da capacidade aeróbia. Entre os fatores envolvidos, as células progenitoras endoteliais (CPE) derivadas da medula óssea são descritas por promoverem o reparo vascular e a angiogênese. Embora o papel do TF sobre os parâmetros das CPE tenha sido investigado, pouco se conhece sobre os efeitos de diferentes volumes de TF sobre a função das CPE da medula óssea, alterações metabólicas e capilarização muscular. OBJETIVO: Testar a hipótese de que o TF melhore a função das CPE da medula óssea, acompanhada por maior capilarização e capacidade oxidativa muscular dependentes do aumento de volume de TF. MÉTODOS: Vinte e uma ratas Wistar foram divididas em três grupos: sedentário controle (SC), treinado protocolo 1 (P1), treinado protocolo 2 (P2). P1: o treinamento de natação consistiu de 60 min, 1x/dia, cinco dias/semana/10 semanas, com 5% de sobrecarga corporal. P2: o mesmo de P1 até a oitava semana, na nona semana os animais treinaram 2x/dia e na 10ª semana 3x/dia. RESULTADOS: O TF promoveu bradicardia de repouso, aumento da tolerância ao esforço, do consumo de oxigênio de pico e da atividade da enzima citrato sintase muscular no grupo P1, sendo estas adaptações mais exacerbadas no grupo P2, indicando que a condição aeróbia foi mais proeminente com este TF. O TF melhorou a função das CPE da medula óssea em P1, sendo ainda maior esta resposta no grupo P2. Em paralelo, observa-se também um aumento no número de capilares dependentes do volume de TF. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados sugerem que a medula óssea como o principal reservatório de CPE é influenciada por diferentes volumes de TF, sendo possivelmente responsável pelo maior rendimento físico observado mediante uma maior mobilização endógena de CPE, participantes ativas no processo de angiogênese muscular induzido pelo TF.

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Furuya, S., C. Edwards, and R. Ornberg. "Morphological behavior of cultured bovine adrenal medulla capillary endothelial cells." Tissue and Cell 22, no. 5 (1990): 615–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-8166(90)90059-i.

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Shaikh, Anwar. "Capital y ganancia." El Trimestre Económico 87, no. 345 (2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v87i345.1034.

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Luego de mencionar la explicación de Marx de los beneficios capitalistas, se retoma la distinción de Steuart entre “beneficios de producción” y “beneficios de circulación” (profits of alienation).Si el sistema de precios coincide con el sistema de valor, estos beneficios desaparecen (la circulación es neutra), supuesto que asume Marx y que le permite concentrar la atención en lo esencial del plusvalor: que es trabajo no pagado. En el ensayo se examinan las consecuencias de abandonar este supuesto, se apunta al “problema de la transformación”, se retoman algunos ejemplos e hipótesis de Sraffa y, mediante una presentación matricial sencilla, se examinan algunas consecuencias relevantes; por ejemplo, que las ganancias monetarias agregadas difieren del plusvalor total. Asimismo, se alude a las ganancias del capital financiero (intereses y ganancias de capital) y, de manera introductoria, se menciona la importancia del fenómeno para explicar los precios y las ganancias de monopolio, rasgo medular del capitalismo contemporáneo.

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Poudel, Nabin, Shuqiu Zheng, Colleen M. Schinderle, Naidi Sun, Song Hu, and Mark D. Okusa. "Peritubular Capillary Oxygen Consumption in Sepsis-Induced AKI: Multi-Parametric Photoacoustic Microscopy." Nephron 144, no. 12 (2020): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511167.

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Understanding and measuring parameters responsible for the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced AKI (SI-AKI) is critical in developing therapies. Blood flow to the kidney is heterogeneous, partly due to the existence of dynamic networks of capillaries in various regions, responding differentially to oxygen demand in cortex versus medulla. High energy demand regions, especially the outer medulla, are susceptible to hypoxia and subject to damage during SI-AKI. Proximal tubule epithelial cells in the cortex and the outer medulla can also undergo metabolic reprogramming during SI-AKI to maintain basal physiological status and to avoid potential damage. Current data on the assessment of renal hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism during sepsis is limited. Preclinical and clinical studies show changes in renal hemodynamics associated with SI-AKI, and in clinical settings, interventions to manage renal hemodynamics seem to help improve disease outcomes in some cases. Lack of proper tools to assess temporospatial changes in peritubular blood flow and tissue oxygen metabolism is a barrier to our ability to understand microcirculatory dynamics and oxygen consumption and their role in the pathogenesis of SI-AKI. Current tools to assess renal oxygenation are limited in their usability as these cannot perform continuous simultaneous measurement of renal hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism. Multi-parametric photo-acoustic microscopy (PAM) is a new tool that can measure real-time changes in microhemodynamics and oxygen metabolism. Use of multi-parametric PAM in combination with advanced intravital imaging techniques has the potential to understand the contribution of microhemodynamic and tissue oxygenation alterations to SI-AKI.

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Del Carlo, Ricardo Junqueira, Denise Kawata, Marlene Isabel Vargas Viloria, et al. "Polímero derivado de mamona acrescido de cálcio, associado ou não à medula óssea autógena na reparação de falhas ósseas." Ciência Rural 33, no. 6 (2003): 1081–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782003000600013.

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Foram avaliados o processo de reparação tecidual e o comportamento do implante de polímero vegetal extraído do óleo de mamona acrescido de 40% de carbonato de sódio, associado ou não à impregnação com medula óssea autógena, em falhas ósseas experimentais em rádios de 30 coelhos e em sítio heterotópico em seis animais. Em quinze coelhos, a falha óssea no rádio direito foi preenchida por cilindros de polímero de mamona (grupo P) com dimensão semelhante à da falha; a falha no rádio direito dos outros coelhos recebeu aspirado de medula óssea autógena junto com o implante (grupo M). A falha óssea no membro esquerdo de cada coelho não recebeu nenhum tratamento e serviu como controle. Os seis coelhos restantes receberam seis implantes no músculo reto abdominal (sítio heterotópico), sendo que, em três animais, os implantes estavam embebidos em aspirado de medula óssea autógena. No local do implante, em ambos os grupos, foi observado aumento da radiopacidade, sem desvio de eixo ósseo ou reabsorção das extremidades ósseas receptoras. O grupo P apresentou áreas irregulares de calcificação na região periférica e sobre o polímero e o M apresentou um padrão de radiopacidade mais intenso, regular e precoce em relação ao P. Na avaliação histológica, em ambos os grupos, foi observada formação de tecido ósseo imaturo com tendência à organização, brotos isolados de formação de osso novo sobre o polímero em seus poros superficiais e nos poros internos que se comunicavam. Quando foi associado à medula, o implante permitiu a ocorrência de osteocondução e osteogênese progressiva; houve migração de capilares, tecidos perivasculares e células osteoprogenitoras entre os poros, com tecido fibrovascular invadindo a superfície do implante; a incorporação dos implantes deu-se de maneira lenta e estava incompleta até as nove semanas do estudo; o implante foi biocompatível no período avaliado. Em sítio heterotópico, o implante foi incapaz de osteoindução e histologicamente, em ambos os sítios de implantação foram identificadas células gigantes e tecido fibroso envolvente.

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Brooker, BM, JE Oshea, and T. Stewart. "Renal Vasculature of 2 Dasyurid Marsupials, Sminthopsis-Dolichura and S-Crassicaudata." Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no. 3 (1995): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950259.

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The renal vasculature of two dasyurid marsupials, Sminthopsis dolichura and S. crassicaudata, was examined using scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts of the kidney. Each species had a pair of unipapillary kidneys and the structural organisation of the major renal arterial vessels was similar to that of other placental mammals. The glomerulus of both species consisted of a network of dividing and anastomosing capillary loops. The glomeruli varied markedly in size, shape and complexity. Some afferent arterioles extended back towards the renal medulla, positioning the glomeruli closer to the cortico-medullary border. This placement of glomeruli may extend the loop of the nephron further into the medulla and thereby enhance counter-current water reabsorption and the final urine concentration. In both S. crassicaudata and S. dolichura, a dense mesh of numerous fine capillaries lined the wall of the renal pelvis adjacent to the inner medulla, with a unique configuration in that they were aligned perpendicular to the vasa recta. The function of these fine capillaries is unknown.

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Chen, Jing, Anita T. Layton, and Aurélie Edwards. "A mathematical model of O2 transport in the rat outer medulla. I. Model formulation and baseline results." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 297, no. 2 (2009): F517—F536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90496.2008.

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The mammalian kidney is particularly vulnerable to hypoperfusion, because the O2 supply to the renal medulla barely exceeds its O2 requirements. In this study, we examined the impact of the complex structural organization of the rat outer medulla (OM) on O2 distribution. We extended the region-based mathematical model of the rat OM developed by Layton and Layton ( Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289: F1346–F1366, 2005) to incorporate the transport of RBCs, Hb, and O2. We considered basal cellular O2 consumption and O2 consumption for active transport of NaCl across medullary thick ascending limb epithelia. Our model predicts that the structural organization of the OM results in significant Po2 gradients in the axial and radial directions. The segregation of descending vasa recta, the main supply of O2, at the center and immediate periphery of the vascular bundles gives rise to large radial differences in Po2 between regions, limits O2 reabsorption from long descending vasa recta, and helps preserve O2 delivery to the inner medulla. Under baseline conditions, significantly more O2 is transferred radially between regions by capillary flow, i.e., advection, than by diffusion. In agreement with experimental observations, our results suggest that 79% of the O2 supplied to the medulla is consumed in the OM and that medullary thick ascending limbs operate on the brink of hypoxia.

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Sanabria, P., and W. I. Silva. "Specific125I Neuropeptide Y Binding to Intact Cultured Bovine Adrenal Medulla Capillary Endothelial Cells." Microcirculation 1, no. 4 (1994): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10739689409146753.

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Banerjee, D. K., R. L. Ornberg, M. B. Youdim, E. Heldman, and H. B. Pollard. "Endothelial cells from bovine adrenal medulla develop capillary-like growth patterns in culture." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 82, no. 14 (1985): 4702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.82.14.4702.

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Farsang, Attila, Ildikó Bódi, Orsolya Fölker, et al. "Coronavirus infection retards the development of the cortico-medullary capillary network in the bursa of Fabricius of chicken." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 66, no. 1 (2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2018.003.

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Coronavirus infection delays the development of the cortico-medullary (CM) capillary network which results in retarded development of bursal follicles. The smaller size of the medulla in the coronavirus-infected birds may lead to a lower number of B lymphocytes and bursal secretory dendritic cells, which negatively affects the reactivity and efficacy of the immune system. Contrary to the wild-type infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain, infection induced by H120 vaccine virus exerts only a moderate influence on caveolin-1 expression of the CM capillary web and on follicular development compared to the untreated controls.

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Ren, Hao, Ling Gu, Arne Andreasen, et al. "Spatial organization of the vascular bundle and the interbundle region: three-dimensional reconstruction at the inner stripe of the outer medulla in the mouse kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 306, no. 3 (2014): F321—F326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00429.2013.

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The vascular bundle (VB) is a complex structure that resides in the inner stripe of the outer medulla. At present, the tubulovascular spatial organization of the VB, which is crucial for the formation of the osmolarity gradient and for solute transport, is still under debate. In this study, we used computer-assisted digital tracing combined with aquaporin-1 immunohistochemistry to reconstruct all tubules and vessels in the VB of the mouse kidney. We found, first, that the descending and ascending vasa recta travelled exclusively through the VB. The ascending vasa recta received no tributaries (no branches) along their entire path in the medulla and were not connected with the capillary plexus in the interbundle region. Second, a specific group of the descending vasa recta were closely accompanied by the longest ascending vasa recta, which connected only to the capillary plexus at the tip of the papilla. Third, the descending thin limbs of all short-looped nephrons travelled exclusively through the outer part of the VB. The loops of these nephrons (both descending and ascending parts) were distributed in a regular pattern based on their length. Finally, the thick ascending limbs of all long-looped nephrons were located at the margin of the VB (except a few within the VB), which formed a layer separating the VB from the interbundle region. In conclusion, our three-dimensional analysis of the VB strongly suggest a lateral osmolarity heterogeneity across the inner stripe of the outer medulla, which might work as a driving force for water and solute transport.

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Vetterlein, F., A. Petho, and G. Schmidt. "Distribution of capillary blood flow in rat kidney during postischemic renal failure." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 251, no. 3 (1986): H510—H519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1986.251.3.h510.

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Changes in distribution of intrarenal blood flow were studied in anesthetized rats during the acute phase of postischemic renal failure (1 h renal artery occlusion, 1 h reflow). Distribution of capillary plasma flow was determined by injecting fluorescein-isothiocyanate-globulin and lissamine-rhodamine-B200-globulin 1, 3, or 10 min prior to rapid freezing of the kidney. In histological sections it was possible to differentiate among the vessels perfused during the time of labeling because of their respective fluorescence. In these experiments all glomeruli became labeled within 1 min, although in contrast to the controls, the glomerular capillary network itself was not filled completely in the postocclusion organs. Incomplete labeling was far more pronounced, however, in the postglomerular network of the occlusion experiments. Due to this effect in the cortex and in the medulla, 11 and 58% of tissue, respectively, were found lying at a distance of more than 60 microns from the next vessel labeled after 1 min of dye circulation. In the control experiments there was no tissue within this distance. Prolonging the time of labeling up to 10 min caused little change in this pattern of distribution. In the occlusion experiments, the globulins were observed in nearly all Bowman spaces, but in less than half of the tubular lumina. The results strengthen the view that the ischemic insult leads primarily to disturbance of the postglomerular perfusion, which then results in trophic damage of the tubular system mainly within the renal medulla.

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Hellberg, P. O., O. T. Kallskog, G. Ojteg, and M. Wolgast. "Peritubular capillary permeability and intravascular RBC aggregation after ischemia: effects of neutrophils." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 258, no. 4 (1990): F1018—F1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1990.258.4.f1018.

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The influence of neutrophils on peritubular capillary permeability and intravascular red blood cell (RBC) aggregation after renal ischemia was studied in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Intraperitoneal administration of antineutrophil serum (ANS) reduced the number of neutrophils in the blood to 3% of normal. The control group received an equal volume of inactive serum. Renal macromolecular capillary permeability was studied from 1) extravasation of albumin and 2) plasma to lymph transport of plasma proteins and of neutral and negatively charged lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The net driving force (NDF) for fluid transfer over the peritubular capillary membrane was determined by the micropuncture technique. The intrarenal distributions of neutrophils and RBC were measured by a histochemical method and 51Cr-labeled RBC, respectively. Under preischemic control conditions neither macromolecular permeability nor renal clearance of inulin was affected by ANS. However, the steep increase in the macromolecular transport from plasma to lymph resulting from 45 min of ischemia and reperfusion was blunted by ANS, and preischemic control values were restored after 1 h of recirculation. In the control group the mass transport of plasma proteins increased twofold and that of both neutral and negatively charged LDH fourfold. NDF was equal in the two groups. In the ANS-treated animals the intrarenal neutrophil content was only 2% of the control. Neutrophils were found mainly in the cortex, whereas RBC aggregation was observed only in the renal medulla. It is concluded that neutrophils mediate postischemic capillary leakage. It is suggested that this leakage underlies RBC aggregation and incomplete return of blood flow in the renal medulla after ischemia.

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Coutinho, Rafael Scheibe. "Corpos Striped: sujeição à insurgência simbiótica." POIÉSIS 18, no. 30 (2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/poiesis.1830.55-78.

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Corpos Striped constitui-se em uma produção seriada de nove (9) desenhos realizados pelo pesquisador e artista Rafael Scheibe Coutinho, a qual reflexiona aspectos devastadores presentes na sociedade contemporânea, so-bretudo apregoando a figura da mulher como objeto de desejo e consumo de maneira abjeta. Para tanto, adiciona-se a esta figura uma relação insurgente com a criatura polvo, que se sobrepõe à mulher fazendo às vezes de uma vasta e repulsante cabeleira. O polvo assume metaforicamente o peso grotesco im-posto pela sociedade como uma força que sufoca e transgride a feminilidade, envolvendo-a por meio de uma relação simbiótica e camuflando-se de forma capilar, transformando-a na representatividade da medusa contemporânea.

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Zhang, Wensheng, and Aurélie Edwards. "Oxygen transport across vasa recta in the renal medulla." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 283, no. 3 (2002): H1042—H1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00074.2002.

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In this model of oxygen transport in the renal medullary microcirculation, we predicted that the net amount of oxygen reabsorbed from vasa recta into the interstitium is on the order of 10−6 mmol/s, i.e., significantly lower than estimated medullary oxygen requirements based on active sodium reabsorption. Our simulations confirmed a number of experimental findings. Low medullary Po 2results from the countercurrent arrangement of vessels and an elevated vasa recta permeability to oxygen, as well as high metabolic needs. Diffusional shunting of oxygen between descending vasa recta (DVR) and ascending vasa recta also explains why a 20-mmHg decrease in initial Po 2 at the corticomedullary junction only leads to a small drop in papillary tip Po 2 (<2 mmHg with baseline parameter values). Conversely, small changes in the consumption rate of DVR-supplied oxygen, in blood flow rate, in hematocrit, or in capillary permeability to oxygen, beyond certain values sharply reduce interstitial Po 2. Without erythrocytes, papillary tip Po 2 cannot be maintained above 10 mmHg, even when oxygen consumption is zero.

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G�bel, U., H. Schr�ck, H. Seller, and W. Kuschinsky. "Glucose utilization, blood flow and capillary density in the ventrolateral medulla of the rat." Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 416, no. 5 (1990): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00382679.

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López Portillo, Felicitas. "Las glorias del desarrollismo: el gobierno de Miguel Alemán." Secuencia, no. 19 (January 1, 1991): 061. http://dx.doi.org/10.18234/secuencia.v0i19.332.

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La administración de Miguel Alemán ( 1946-1952) ha sido poco estudiada aun cuando representa uno de los momentos claves en el establecimiento de las bases para el desarrollo del Estado moderno, cuyo proyecto medular es la industrialización, Implico la toma del poder por parte de la clase media urbana cuya meta fue el apoyo al capital ya la iniciativa privada mediante la función interventora del Estado como rector de la economía.

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Gu, Nam-Ho, Kyu-Jin Jin, and Seung-Ku Nam. "Symbolic capitalization and capital reproduction of Olympic medals for professional athletes." Korean Journal of Sports Science 29, no. 5 (2020): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2020.10.29.5.159.

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23

Pulido-Méndez, M., H. J. Finol, A. Rodríguez-Acosta, et al. "Adrenal gland ultrastructural pathology in plasmodium berghei parasitized mice." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 748–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100166208.

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The use of animal models is widely accepted in malaria research. Plasmodium berghei has been extensively studied because it produces a mortal malaria in rodents. Electron microscopic studies on brain and liver pathology have been performed in this infection. In a previous ultrastructural work we reported the capillary alterations observed in adrenal cortex in P. berghei infected mice. In this work we describe the cell and capillary changes we found in adrenal cortex and medulla in this infection.Male mice weighing 18-22 g were inoculated intraperitoneally with P. berghei infected erythrocytes. At the ninth day animals were sacrificed when parasitemia ranged between 80-90%. Adrenal gland samples were processed by routine techniques and observed in a Hitachi H-500 transmission electron microscope.

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Wilkes, B. M., M. Susin, P. F. Mento, et al. "Localization of endothelin-like immunoreactivity in rat kidneys." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 260, no. 6 (1991): F913—F920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1991.260.6.f913.

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The distribution of endothelin-like immunoreactivity was examined in normal rat kidneys using the immunoperoxidase technique. A specific polyclonal antibody to endothelin 1, which recognized endothelin 1 and its precursor molecule, big endothelin, was raised in rabbits. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed specific endothelin-like immunoreactivity in the renal cortex, medulla, and papilla. Immunostaining density was greatest in the renal papilla where staining was predominantly localized to the vasa rectae of the distal nephron segments. Cytoplasmic immunostaining was noted focally in collecting duct cells in the renal papilla. In the renal medulla, intense immunostaining was identified in the vasa rectae. Cortical immunostaining was localized to the endothelial surfaces of arcuate arteries, veins, arterioles and peritubular capillaries. Glomerular immunostaining followed a capillary loop distribution and appeared to be predominantly localized to endothelial cells with smaller amounts of reaction product overlying the mesangium. The most proximal portion of the proximal tubule brush border and papillary collecting duct epithelium demonstrated focal endothelin-like immunostaining. We conclude that endothelin-like immunoreactivity is widely distributed in renal tissue compatible with important autacrine and paracrine actions in the kidneys.

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Araújo, José Dalmo de, José Dalmo de Araújo Filho, Emerson Ciorlin, et al. "A terapia celular no tratamento da isquemia crítica dos membros inferiores." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 4, no. 4 (2005): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492005000400011.

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Os autores fazem um histórico sobre as pesquisas com células-tronco embrionárias e do cordão umbilical, suas respectivas vantagens e desvantagens. Seguem com as discussões sobre células-tronco adultas, sua definição, histórico, fontes e participação nos processos de regeneração tecidual, particularmente no endotélio. Ressaltam a importância de fatores que mobilizam as células-tronco adultas a partir da medula óssea: citocinas, angiopoietinas e outros fatores de crescimento. As células-tronco adultas mobilizam-se sob a forma de células endoteliais progenitoras, que têm origem comum com as células endoteliais a partir dos hemangioblastos. Os fatores de mobilização manifestam-se em condições de hipoxia e fazem com que as células endoteliais progenitoras se localizem nos locais de isquemia para produzir a neovasculogênese, que se faz por três possíveis mecanismos: a angiogênese (formação de novos capilares a partir de brotos de capilares já existentes), a arteriogênese (relacionada à circulação colateral) e a vasculogênese (vasos realmente novos). Fazem, a seguir, uma análise da literatura relativa à experimentação animal e aos estudos clínicos. Concluem ressaltando que as células-tronco adultas, embora tenham um grande potencial de uso, ainda demandam muito estudo e pesquisa para se firmar como método terapêutico.

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Richey, Madadh. "Goliath among the Giants: Monster Decapitation and Capital Display in 1 Samuel 17 and Beyond." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 45, no. 3 (2021): 336–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309089220950348.

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A single verse near the conclusion of 1 Samuel 17 mentions that after defeating Goliath, David took the giant’s severed head to Jerusalem (1 Sam. 17.54). The present paper argues that this text’s communicating of David’s preeminence through his act of decapitation draws on the widespread understanding of heads as uniquely powerful and vulnerable, while triumph over a giant or monstrous body casts the future Israelite king as uniquely dominant over monstrous enemies at the physical extreme. Narratives of monster-combat that center an adversary’s head and its subsequent display are widespread; the present paper discusses the Gilgamesh/Ḫumbaba and Perseus/Medusa narratives, with their corresponding visual art manifestations, to show how the biblical allusion to monstrous capital display functions socially and literarily to constitute David’s power.

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Maunsbach, A. B., D. Marples, E. Chin, et al. "Aquaporin-1 water channel expression in human kidney." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 8, no. 1 (1997): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v811.

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The pattern of aquaporin-1 water channel protein (AQP1) expression in the human kidney was analyzed by immunocytochemistry using semi-thin and optimized high-resolution immunoelectron microscopy based on freeze-substituted and Lowicryl HM20 embedded tissue. In addition, in situ hybridization was used to determine AQP1 mRNA distribution. Immunoblots revealed a 28-kd band and a 35- to 45-kd band corresponding to unglycosylated and glycosylated AQP1. Glomerular capillary endothelium exhibited extensive AQP1 labeling, whereas glomerular podocytes and Bowman's capsule epithelium were unlabeled. AQP1 was localized in the proximal tubule, including the neck region directly connected to the glomerulus. However, there was a marked difference in the level of expression between cross-sections of the convoluted part and the proximal straight tubules, the latter displaying the most intense labeling. AQP1 labeling continued uninterrupted from the proximal straight tubule into descending thin limbs in outer medulla. Abrupt transitions from heavily labeled to unlabeled segments of thin limbs were observed, primarily in the inner medulla. This may represent the transition from the water-permeable thin descending limb to the water-impermeable thin ascending limb. In addition, heavy labeling of fenestrated endothelium was also observed in peritubular capillaries in cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla. Immunolabeling controls were negative. In situ hybridization documented a marked difference in AQP1 mRNA levels within the proximal tubule, with the greatest AQP1 mRNA expression in straight proximal tubules. Glomeruli also showed marked signals, and descending thin limbs exhibited extensive expression in exact concordance with the immunocytochemical results. It was concluded that: (1) AQP1 is present in all proximal tubule segments, including segment 1 and the neck region, but there is a pronounced difference in expression levels with respect to both protein and mRNA levels; (2) AQP1 labeling is observed in the endothelium of fenestrated peritubular capillaries, as well as fenestrated glomerular capillaries; (3) AQP1 labeling continues directly from proximal tubules to descending thin limbs; and (4) abrupt transitions from labeled to unlabeled thin limb epithelium are noted.

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Vermeer, H., S. Teerenstra, RGL de Sévaux, HA van Swieten, and PW Weerwind. "The effect of hemodilution during normothermic cardiac surgery on renal physiology and function: a review." Perfusion 23, no. 6 (2008): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659109105398.

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Although the definitions of renal dysfunction vary, loss of renal function is a common complication following cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). When postoperative dialysis is required, mortality is approximately 50%. CPB-accompanied hemodilution is a major contributing factor to renal damage as it notably reduces oxygen delivery by reducing the oxygen transport capacity of the blood as well as disturbing the microcirculation. To minimize hypoxemic damage during CPB, lowering of body temperature is applied to reduce the patient’s metabolic rate. At present, however, temperature management during elective adult cardiac surgery is shifting from moderate hypothermia to normothermia. To determine whether the currently accepted levels of hemodilution during CPB can suffice the normothermic patient’s high oxygen demand, we focused this study on renal physiology and postoperative renal function. Hemodilution reduces the capillary density through a diminished capillary viscosity, thereby, redistributing blood from the renal medulla to the renal cortex. As the physiology of the renal medulla makes it a hypoxic environment, this part of the kidney appears to be especially at risk for hypoxic damage caused by a hemodilution-induced lowered oxygen transport and oxygen delivery. In addition, hemodilution is also likely to disturb the hormonal systems regulating renal blood distribution. Clinical studies, mostly of retrospective or observational nature, show that perioperative nadir hematocrit levels lower than approximately 24% are associated with an increased risk to develop postoperative renal failure. A better comprehension of the cause-and-effect relation between low perioperative hematocrits and loss of postoperative renal function may enable more effective renal protective strategies.

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Khelfaoui, Mahdi, and Yves Gingras. "Branding Spin-Off Scholarly Journals: Transmuting Symbolic Capital into Economic Capital." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 52, no. 1 (2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jsp.52.1.01.

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30

Osio Havriluk, Lubiza. "Capital intelectual, gestión del conocimiento y la gestión de recursos humanos." INNOVA Research Journal 2, no. 1 (2017): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33890/innova.v2.n1.2017.113.

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El tema de capital intelectual y la gestión del conocimiento están permeado por diferentes paradigmas que atribuyen a la gestión de recursos humanos un significado diferenciador, que coincide, según algunos autores con la transición/evolución a la llamada sociedad de la información y todo lo que ésta conlleva. En tal sentido el objetivo medular de este ensayo viene dado por comprender como las Tecnologías de Información han incidido en el desarrollo del capital intelectual y la gestión, tanto del conocimiento como de los recursos humanos en las organizaciones. Para que esto fuese posible la metódica requerida precisó de un nivel descriptivo de apoyo fundamentalmente documental, que permitiera explanar las nociones básicas sobre el tema, entender las características de la sociedad de la información, precisar los conceptos de gestión del conocimiento y el capital intelectual; para luego esbozar las visiones de la empresa del aprendizaje y el aprendizaje permanente, para finalmente dar luces sobre cuál es el papel de la gerencia de recursos humanos en este nuevo contexto organizacional. Palabras clave: Gestión del Conocimiento, Gestión de Recursos Humanos, Tecnologías deInformación

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Frankel, H. M., E. Garcia, F. Malik, J. K. Weiss, and H. R. Weiss. "Effect of acetazolamide on cerebral blood flow and capillary patency." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 5 (1992): 1756–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.5.1756.

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This study investigated the effects 2 h after administration of acetazolamide on cerebral blood flow and the pattern of cerebral capillary perfusion. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, and pH were recorded in two groups of rats along with either regional cerebral blood flow or the percentage of capillary volume per cubic millimeter and number per square millimeter perfused as determined in cortical, thalamic, pontine, and medullary regions of the brain. Blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial PCO2 were not significantly different between the rats receiving acetazolamide (100 mg/kg) and the controls. Arterial blood pH was significantly lower in the acetazolamide rats. Blood flow increased significantly in the cortical (+ 102%), thalamic (+ 89%), and pontine (+ 88%) regions receiving acetazolamide. In control rats, approximately 60% of the capillaries were perfused in all of the examined regions. The percentage of capillaries per square millimeter perfused was significantly greater in the cortical (+ 52%), thalamic (+ 49%), and pontine (+ 47%) regions of acetazolamide rats compared with controls. In the medulla the increases in blood flow and percentage of capillaries perfused were not significant. Thus in the regions that acetazolamide increased cerebral blood flow, it also increased the percentage of capillaries perfused.

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Vetterlein, F., F. Hoffmann, J. Pedina, M. Neckel, and G. Schmidt. "Disturbances in renal microcirculation induced by myoglobin and hemorrhagic hypotension in anesthetized rat." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 268, no. 5 (1995): F839—F846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1995.268.5.f839.

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The question was studied of whether myoglobin (Mb), when released into the general circulation during hemorrhagic hypotension (HH), causes disturbances of renal blood flow. In anesthetized rats 250 mg/kg Mb was intravenously infused within 1 h; HH at 50 mmHg with subsequent retransfusion was induced for 30 min. By allowing two dyes to circulate for 1 and 3 min, respectively, and detecting their localization histologically after rapid freezing of the organ, intrarenal distribution of capillary blood flow was studied. In contrast to the results obtained with Mb or HH alone, when Mb was infused during HH, the development of large areas within cortex and medulla lacking any capillary perfusion was observed. In > 70% of the tissue, a distance > 60 microns to the next dye-labeled capillary was found (in controls 0%). At this time total renal flow had decreased from 5.3 to 0.20 ml/min (HH without Mb: 5.1 to 1.1 ml/min). It is concluded that the observed changes in renal blood flow contribute to the known direct nephrotoxic potential of Mb.

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33

Fujimoto, T., and S. J. Singer. "Immunocytochemical studies of endothelial cells in vivo. I. The presence of desmin only, or of desmin plus vimentin, or vimentin only, in the endothelial cells of different capillaries of the adult chicken." Journal of Cell Biology 103, no. 6 (1986): 2775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.103.6.2775.

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It is currently believed that the intermediate filaments of endothelial cells contain vimentin subunits exclusively. This inference, however, is derived from studies of only a few types of endothelial cells. By double indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, we have now examined the endothelial cells of the micro- and macrovasculature of a variety of tissues and organs of adult chicken in vivo for their content of desmin and vimentin. Endothelial cells of the peritubular capillary in the renal cortex, the hepatic sinusoid, and the splenic sinusoid were found to contain only desmin; those of the exocrine pancreas capillary contained both desmin and vimentin; and the endothelial cells of the macrovasculatures and of all the other microvasculatures examined, including the vasa recta of the renal medulla, contained only vimentin. Such heterogeneity suggests that different types of adult chicken endothelial cells may have different embryological origins. To the extent that desmin and vimentin intermediate filaments may be functionally distinct, these results also suggest that different capillary endothelial cells may have different functional properties.

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Sinha, A. K., J. Klein, P. Schultze, J. Weiss, and H. R. Weiss. "Cerebral regional capillary perfusion and blood flow after carbon monoxide exposure." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 4 (1991): 1196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.4.1196.

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Alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and percent perfused capillaries (indicative of functional intercapillary distance) were determined in conscious male Long-Evans rats after reducing their blood O2-carrying capacity by exposing them to 1% CO for 12 min. rCBF was determined by the iodoantipyrine method. rCBF increased from a mean of 106 +/- 8 (SE) ml.min-1.100 g-1 before CO exposure to 173 +/- 14 ml.min-1.100 g-1 after CO exposure. There was a greater flow increase (126%) in the cerebral cortex than in the lower brain stem [pons (45%), medulla (39%)]. Presence of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran identified the perfused capillaries before and after CO exposure. The volume fraction (Vv) and number/mm2 (Na) of all capillaries (perfused and nonperfused) in a given area of brain were determined after staining for alkaline phosphatase. The percent Vv and percent Na of perfused capillaries increased uniformly (from approximately 50% to approximately 80%) in all parts of the brain after CO exposure. In the presence of tissue hypoxia with undiminished plasma PO2, the brain vasculature allowed greater flow of blood while the microvasculature adjusted to reduce the diffusion distance for O2.

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Cowley, A. W. "Role of the renal medulla in volume and arterial pressure regulation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 1 (1997): R1—R15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.1.r1.

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The original fascination with the medullary circulation of the kidney was driven by the unique structure of vasa recta capillary circulation, which Berliner and colleagues (Berliner, R. W., N. G. Levinsky, D. G. Davidson, and M. Eden. Am. J. Med. 24: 730-744, 1958) demonstrated could provide the economy of countercurrent exchange to concentrate large volumes of blood filtrate and produce small volumes of concentrated urine. We now believe we have found another equally important function of the renal medullary circulation. The data show that it is indeed the forces defined by Starling 100 years ago that are responsible for the pressure-natriuresis mechanisms through the transmission of changes of renal perfusion pressure to the vasa recta circulation. Despite receiving only 5-10% of the total renal blood flow, increases of blood flow to this region of the kidney cause a washout of the medullary urea gradient and a rise of the renal interstitial fluid pressure. These forces reduce tubular reabsorption of sodium and water, leading to a natriuresis and diuresis. Many of Starling's intrinsic chemicals, which he named "hormones," importantly modulate this pressure-natriuresis response by altering both the sensitivity and range of arterial pressure around which these responses occur. The vasculature of the renal medulla is uniquely sensitive to many of these vasoactive agents. Finally, we have found that the renal medullary circulation can play an important role in determining the level of arterial pressure required to achieve long-term fluid and electrolyte homeostasis by establishing the slope and set point of the pressure-natriuresis relationship. Measurable decreases of blood flow to the renal medulla with imperceptible changes of total renal blood flow can lead to the development of hypertension. Many questions remain, and it is now evident that this is a very complex regulatory system. It appears, however, that the medullary blood flow is a potent determinant of both sodium and water excretion and signals changes in blood volume and arterial pressure to the tubules via the physical forces that Professor Starling so clearly defined 100 years ago.

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Jen, J. F., H. Wang, R. P. Tewarson, and J. L. Stephenson. "Comparison of central core and radially separated models of renal inner medulla." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 268, no. 4 (1995): F693—F697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1995.268.4.f693.

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In this paper we describe the effect of partitioning exchange of ascending thin limb (ATL) and collecting duct (CD) between a central vascular space (CORE) and a radially separated capillary node (NODE) in a mathematical model of the concentrating mechanism of the renal inner medulla. A detailed description of the model has been provided [J. L. Stephenson, J. F. Jen, H. Wang, and R. P. Tewarson. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 37): F680–F692, 1995]. We define a partition coefficient theta, which denotes the fractional exchange of CD and ATL with the NODE. Thus with theta = 0 we have a central core model, in which the ATL and CD exchange with the CORE only, and with theta = 1 we have a totally radially separated model, in which the ATL and CD exchange with the NODE only. Decreasing the partition coefficient from 1 to 0 effects a continuous transition from a totally radially separated model to a central core model. As this transition progresses with increasing exchange with the CORE, the osmolalities in all structures become nearly the same at the papilla, and the ability to transport salt uphill is lost. This is true even with no radial diffusion. However, radial diffusion and direct exchange with the CORE act synergistically in decreasing osmolality differences at the papilla and the capacity for convective uphill transport. These are lost in a more or less parallel way. There is, however, no significant concomitant change in concentrating ability. These results indicate that models with radial mixing of the interstitial vascular space are probably reasonably good approximations for the inner medulla.

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Sultana, N., MZI Khan, MA Wares, and MA Masum. "HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE MAJOR LYMPHOID TISSUES IN INDIGENOUS DUCKLINGS OF BANGLADESH." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 9, no. 1 (2012): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11212.

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A histomorphological study was performed in the major lymphoid tissues (thymus, bursa of Fabricus and spleen) of the six 21-day-old indigenous ducklings of Bangladesh by H & E staining method during the period from March to May 2011. In the present study, it was observed that the thymus was enclosed by a thin connective tissue capsule. Numerous fine septa of connective tissue originated from the capsule and divided the organ into incompletely separated lobules. Each lobule organized into a peripheral cortex and a central medulla. The bursa of Fabricus was consisted of mucosal folds (plicae). Numerous follicles filled the lamina propria of each fold and each bursal follicle was composed a peripheral cortex and a central medulla. A layer of undifferentiated epithelial cells occupied the periphery of the medulla, which was separated from the cortex by a capillary layer. The darkly stained cortex was composed of many closely packed small lymphocytes. The paler medulla contained fewer cells of various sizes. The spleen was surrounded by a thick splenic capsule and there were a small number of trabeculae. The white pulp was composed of network of reticular cells and reticular fibers within various size lymphocytes and plasma cells were diffusely distributed. The red pulp of the spleen was formed from venous sinuses and anastomosing cord of reticular cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and blood cells. The length and breadth of the thymic lobules, bursal follicles and white pulp of the spleen were 226.68 and 165.78cm, 204.45 and 138.23cm, and 129.05 and 103.43cm respectively. The result of the present work revealed that the immunocompetent cells were arranged scatteredly or densely as an unorganized lymphatic nodules in the lymphoid tissues. The length and breadth of the thymic lobules were higher followed by bursal follicle and splenic white pulps were varied within the lymphoid tissues and even one another in indigenous ducklings. The results of the present study indicate that the architecture and distribution of lymphocytes and lymphoid follicles of ducklings is very close to the chicken and this study might be helpful to understand the changes in the frequency of the population of immunocompetent cells in drug induced, vitamin and mineral supplemented or hormone treated duck in future.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11212 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 53-58

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Vaughan, Suzanne, Tom Sanders, Nick Crossley, Paul O'Neill, and Val Wass. "Bridging the gap: the roles of social capital and ethnicity in medical student achievement." Medical Education 49, no. 1 (2014): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/medu.12597.

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Nogales Rincón, David. "Las capillas y capellanías reales castellano-leonesas en la Baja Edad Media (siglos XIII-XV): algunas precisiones institucionales." Anuario de Estudios Medievales 35, no. 2 (2005): 737–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/aem.2005.v35.i2.154.

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papanikou, Gregory T. "The Participation Legacy at Olympic Games." ATHENS JOURNAL OF SPORTS 7, no. 4 (2020): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajspo.7-4-4.

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The legacy of participating in Olympic Games has not been extensively researched when it is compared with the huge literature of bidding/hosting Olympic Games and the determinants of Olympic success and failures in winning Olympic medals. This paper addresses this issue descriptively by emphasizing the need to do more theoretical and empirical research to explain why so many countries and athletes participate at the Olympic Games even though they have no chance of winning any medal and/or bid and host future Olympic Games. Apart from the personal joy of the participating athlete and the national pride of a participating country, one possible additional explanation might be the human capital generated by participating which can be used to promote youth and grassroot sport participation. The extent that this has been used by national sports policy authorities is suggested to be the subject of future empirical research. Keywords: Olympic Games, sports participation, cost-benefit analysis, Olympic legacy, Olympic medals, national sports policy

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Gururaja, Tarikere, Weiqun Li, Jim Bernstein, Donald G. Payan, and D. C. Anderson. "Use of MEDUSA-Based Data Analysis and Capillary HPLC−Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry To Examine Complex Immunoaffinity Extracts of RbAp48." Journal of Proteome Research 1, no. 3 (2002): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr0255147.

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Han, Ki-Hwan, Jung-Mi Lim, Wan-Young Kim, Hyang Kim, Kirsten M. Madsen, and Jin Kim. "Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in developing rat kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 288, no. 4 (2005): F694—F702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00085.2004.

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Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized within the developing kidney and may play a crucial role in the regulation of renal hemodynamics. The purpose of this study was to establish the expression and intrarenal localization of the NO-synthesizing enzyme endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) during kidney development. Rat kidneys from 14 ( E14)-, 16 ( E16)-, 18 ( E18)-, and 20-day-old ( E20) fetuses and 1 ( P1)-, 3 ( P3)-, 7 ( P7)-, 14 ( P14)-, and 21-day-old ( P21) pups were processed for immunocytochemical and immunoblot analysis. In fetal kidneys, expression of eNOS was first observed in the endothelial cells of the undifferentiated intrarenal capillary network at E14. At E16, strong eNOS immunoreactivity was observed in the endothelial cells of renal vesicles, S-shaped bodies (stage II glomeruli), and stage III glomeruli at the corticomedullary junction. At E18- 20, early-stage developing glomeruli located in the subcapsular region showed less strong eNOS immunoreactivity than those of E16. The eNOS-positive immature glomeruli were observed in the nephrogenic zone until 7 days after birth. In fetal kidneys, eNOS was also expressed in the medulla in the endothelial cells of the capillaries surrounding medullary collecting ducts. After birth, eNOS immunostaining gradually increased in the developing vascular bundles and peritubular capillaries in the medulla and was highest at P21. Surprisingly, eNOS was also expressed in proximal tubules, in the endocytic vacuolar apparatus, only at P1. The strong expression of eNOS in the early stages of developing glomeruli and vasculature suggests that eNOS may play a role in regulating renal hemodynamics of the immature kidney.

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Goldenberg, Mirian. "Gênero, "o Corpo" e "Imitação Prestigiosa" na Cultura Brasileira." Saúde e Sociedade 20, no. 3 (2011): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902011000300002.

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Neste texto discute-se o papel do corpo como uma importante forma de capital (físico, simbólico e social) na cultura brasileira. Busca-se mostrar os traços distintivos de uma cultura em que o corpo é um elemento crucial na construção de uma identidade nacional, a partir das ideias de Gilberto Freyre, Marcel Mauss e Pierre Bourdieu. "O corpo" é um capital no universo pesquisado, um corpo distintivo que sintetiza três conceitos: 1) o corpo como uma insígnia (ou emblema) do esforço de cada um para controlar, aprisionar e domesticar o corpo a fim de conseguir a "boa forma", 2) o corpo como um ícone da moda (ou grife), que simboliza a superioridade daqueles que o possuem, e 3) o corpo como um prêmio (medalha), merecidamente conquistado por aqueles que foram capazes de alcançar uma forma física mais "civilizada", através de muito trabalho e sacrifício. Pode-se dizer que no Brasil "o corpo" é um capital, talvez um dos mais desejados pela classe média urbana e outros estratos sociais, que percebem "o corpo" como um veículo para a ascensão social, e também uma importante forma de capital no mercado de trabalho, no mercado de casamento e, também, no mercado erótico.

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Kolodnyi, Anatolii M. "Elder of Ukrainian Religious Studies (to the 75th anniversary of B.O.Lobovik)." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 8 (December 22, 1998): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/1998.8.183.

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The Makiyivka village, which was donated to the Ukrainian people by Boris Lobovik December 22, 1923 in the Bakhmach district in Chernihiv Region. Having finished finishing in high school Baturyn Hetman capital, the young man since September 1941 continues his studies at the regimental school. Then - participating in battles near Belgorod, in the Kharkiv and Voronezh directions, injuring, capturing and fleeing, again engaging in hostilities. The Order of the Patriotic War, a number of medals marked the battle merits of Boris Alexandrovich. In the end, the rank of lieutenant colonel is a reserve.

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SILVA, PAULO RICARDO MUNIZ, and EDWAR ALENCAR CASTELO BRANCO. "Cantar e seguir a canção ou para não dizer que não esgrimi a palavra: guerra de sentidos e estética da contestação nas canções de protesto em Teresina (1975-1985) * War of senses and aesthetic of refusal in the protest songs in Teresina (1975-1985)." História e Cultura 2, no. 2 (2014): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.18223/hiscult.v2i2.846.

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Resumo: A música de protesto, categoria já consolidada no âmbito dos estudos sobre música brasileira, marcou a produção musical em Teresina, a capital do Estado do Piauí, durante a década de 1970. Neste contexto, o Festival Estudantil de Música do Piauí (FEMPI), e o Festival do Parque Piauí (FESPAPI), ambos ocorridos entre as décadas de 1970 e 1980, tiveram importância fundamental para a constituição deste quadro histórico. Responsáveis pela popularização de expressivos nomes da arte piauiense, tais como Geraldo Brito, Zé Rodrigues, João Berchmans, Achylles Costa Júnior e Williams Costa, estes festivais acabariam por gerar uma cultura musical de protesto, universo no interior do qual se destacam músicas como Biotema, Arames e Fuzis, Medusa e Represália. O propósito do presente artigo é, apoiado na análise das letras das músicas e, bem como, com o recurso à História Oral, re-conhecer este período e este ambiente da história da música piauiense.Palavras-chave: Música de protesto – Festivais – Piauí. Abstract: The protest song, a consolidated category of studies on Brazilian music, marked the music production in Teresina, the capital of Piauí State, during the 1970s. In this context, the “Festival Estudantil de Música do Piauí” [Piauí Student Music Festival] (FEMPI), and the “Festival do Parque Piauí” [Piauí Park Festival] (FESPAPI), both of which occurred between the 1970’s and 1980’s, were crucial for the formation of this historical framework. Expressive names in the Piauí art scene, such as Geraldo Brito, Zé Rodrigues, João Berchmans, Achylles Costa Júnior and Williams Costa, were popularized by these festivals that would eventually generate a musical culture of protest, within a universe in which stands out songs like “Biotema”, “Arames e Fuzis”, “Medusa” and “Represália”. The aim of this article is to re-discover this environment and this period of piauiense music history, supported by the analysis of lyrics as well as, use of Oral History methodologies.Keywords: Protest song – Festivals – Piauí.

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Seiler, Stephen. "Evaluating the (Your Country Here) Olympic Medal Count." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 8, no. 2 (2013): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.2.203.

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An Olympic Games is a measurable test of a nation´s sporting power. Medal counts are the object of intense scrutiny after every Olympiad. Most countries celebrate any medal with national glee, since 60% of competing countries will win none. In 2012, 10% of the competing countries won 75% of all medals. Despite this concentration among a few countries, more countries are winning more medals now than 20 years ago, thanks in part to athlete-support and -development programs arising around the globe. Small strong sporting countries like Norway are typified by fairly large variation in medal results from Olympiad to Olympiad and a high concentration of results in a few sports. These are important factors to consider when evaluating national performance and interpreting the medal count. Medal conversion, podium placements relative to top 8 placements, may provide a measure of the competitiveness of athlete-support programs in this international zero sum game where the cost of winning Olympic gold keeps rising whether measured in dollars or human capital.

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Kaplunova, O. A. "Ideas of V.Z. Golubev - freelance university lecturer of the Kazan Emperor’s university - in modern studies of renal microcirculation." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 2 (2014): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2054.

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In 1894 V.Z. Golubev, freelance university lecturer of the Kazan Emperor’s University, presented his thesis «Of the renal blood vessels in mammals and humans». In this work, V.Z. Golubev described the structure of two capillary networks of the renal cortex: glomerular and peritubular. He has identified true straight arterioles, false straight arterioles and direct venules of pyramids as parts of the renal medulla direct vessels. V.Z. Golubev described glomerular capillaries, located along the arcuate arteries of the kidney in the boundary layer and assigned these to the perivascular circulation, as well as noted the important role of the true direct arteriolar blood circulation to the kidneys. According to scientific researches of the second half of the XX century, the structure of the renal circulatory system is subordinated to differentiated renal blood flow in the cortex and medulla, and this is achieved by cortical and juxtamedullary blood flow. Significant increase and the duration of juxtaglomerular bypass cause severe circulatory disorders of the surface layers of kidney cortex and acute renal failure. Modern data on renal blood circulation prepared by researches of V.Z. Golubev, explain the development mechanism of various pathological conditions: acute blood loss, hydronephrosis, vasorenal hypertension, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, cardiogenic shock, cardiorenal syndrome in uncontrolled coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, sudden cardiac death etc. V.Z. Golubev created a scientific basis for further studies of renal microcirculation. The principles, outlined in his thesis, anticipated later researches of renal juxtamedullary circulation and renal circulation in healthy people and in case of a disease. The thesis of V.Z. Golubev, published 120 years ago, is still of present interest and highlights the problems requiring further research.

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Onimaru, Hiroshi, Keiko Ikeda, and Kiyoshi Kawakami. "Relationship between distribution of Phox2b expressing neurons and capillary blood vessels in the parafacial region of the rostral ventrolateral medulla of rat." Neuroscience Research 71 (September 2011): e160-e161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.693.

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Poerschke, Ronaldo André, Daniela Augustin Silveira, Peterson Lodi, Wagner Titton, Guilherme Marx, and Alexandre Soares Lampert. "Vascularização temporária de membros isquêmicos por meio de shunt arteriomedular: trabalho experimental." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 11, no. 1 (2012): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492012000100006.

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CONTEXTO: Os autores idealizaram um shunt temporário entre a artéria femoral e o canal medular de ossos longos para manter a viabilidade dos membros agudamente isquêmicos, enquanto não é possível estabelecer um tratamento definitivo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a perviedade de shunts temporários arteriomedulares e a perfusão dos membros, durante duas horas em cães de experimentação, que tiveram a artéria femoral ligada. MÉTODOS: Alocaram-se aleatoriamente dois grupos, com três cães no Grupo Controle e seis no Grupo Intervenção. Os controles tiveram a artéria femoral comum direita ligada. O Grupo Intervenção, além da ligadura da artéria, recebeu um shunt. Após duas horas, realizou-se a medida de pH dos membros isquêmicos; avaliação do fluxo arterial por meio de um sonar Doppler; avaliação da coloração do sangramento na extremidade distal do membro e foram retirados em bloco torácico os pulmões para análise anatomopatológica. RESULTADOS: A média do pH do sangue capilar das extremidades do membros no Grupo Controle foi de 6,97 (±0,39); no Grupo Intervenção o pH foi de 7,25 (±0,46), com p<0,001; a coloração do sangue no Grupo Intervenção manteve-se com aspecto rutilante em todos os animais. Os shunts necessitaram, em média, três irrigações com solução salina heparinada para manterem-se pérvios. A avaliação macroscópica e microscópica do tecido pulmonar não evidenciou embolia gordurosa. CONCLUSÃO: O shunt arterio-osteal ou arteriomedular apresentou viabilidade técnica em laboratório.

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Lam, Wan Shun Eva. "Literacy and capital in immigrant youths' online networks across countries." Learning, Media and Technology 39, no. 4 (2014): 488–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2014.942665.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Medula capilar'

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