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Books on the topic 'Meg Bowles'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Johnson, Lester. Men with bowler hats, 1969-1971: January 19-February 23, 1985. Donald Morris Gallery, 1985.

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2

Wo ai hu die jie & hua shi: 100 kuan jue bu shi shou de chao meng huan ji jian dan tu jie shou zuo shu. Ye ren wen hua gu fen you xian gong si, 2017.

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3

Firth, Helen V., and Jane A. Hurst. Pregnancy and fertility. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199557509.003.0006.

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This chapter describes various genetic disorders that can present in pregnancy. It discusses, among others: anterior abdominal wall defects, bowed limbs, club-foot, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, cytomegalovirus, Dandy–Walker malformation, the effects of drugs in pregnancies, fetal alcohol syndrome, fetal anticonvulsant syndrome, hyperechogenic bowel, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, low maternal serum oestriol, and the risks associated with advanced maternal and paternal age, together with many other conditions. For each of these, it gives a suggested approach to the clinical assessment, ge

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4

Orchard, John, Trefor James, Alex Kountouris, and Patrick Farhart. Cricket injuries. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0048.

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Injuries are a common part of cricket, particularly affecting fast bowlers (Leary and White 2000; Gregory et al. 2002; Orchard et al. 2002; Stretch 2003). In 2005, cricket was the first sport to publish consensus international injury definitions (Orchard et al. 2005b...

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5

Sex Bowls Rock And Roll How I Swapped My Rock Dreams For Village Greens. HarperCollins UK, 2010.

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6

Stacey, Victoria. Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592777.003.0006.

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The acute abdomen - Biliary tract disorders - Acute pancreatitis - Appendicitis - Bowel obstruction - Bowel perforation - Bowel ischaemia/infarction - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - Aortic dissection - Acute limb ischaemia - Haematuria - Renal colic - Urinary tract infections - Testicular torsion - Priapism - Fournier’s gangrene - SAQs

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7

White, Maddie. Colorectal and lower gastrointestinal surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642663.003.0019.

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The lower gastrointestinal tract includes most of the small intestine and all of the large intestine. The patient presenting with an acute abdomen may have a bowel obstruction which could lead to ischaemia and perforation. Thorough assessment and close observation are imperative, because, if surgical intervention is indicated, this needs to be performed promptly. This chapter provides an overview of inflammatory bowel disorders, tumours, hernias, obstructions, the acute abdomen, ischaemic bowel, complications of bowel surgery, and stomas.

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8

Batra, Akshay, and Mark Beattie. Inflammatory bowel disease: introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0045.

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The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease is 5.2/100,000 children less than 16 years in the UK. Crohn’s disease is the commonest form of inflammatory bowel disease followed by ulcerative colitis and indeterminate colitis. The precise aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease is unknown and reflects a complex interaction between genetic predisposition, immune dysfunction, and environmental triggers.

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9

Keshav, Satish, and Alexandra Kent. Functional gastrointestinal diseases. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0205.

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Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain associated with a change in bowel habit or stool consistency in the absence of any definite organic abnormality. It is the commonest functional gastrointestinal syndrome. Many others have been defined clinically, including functional dyspepsia, functional biliary pain, functional abdominal pain, and so on.

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10

Chow, Kimberly, and Lauren Koranteng. Bowel Symptoms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190204709.003.0003.

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Constipation, diarrhea, and bowel obstruction are three common and distressing symptoms in palliative care patients. These symptoms rarely occur without other clinical manifestations of disease, and their management must be considered in light of comorbid disease. Constipation, diarrhea, and bowel obstruction affect a person’s quality of life, eligibility for certain therapies, and may even be life-threatening. This chapter discusses the advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)’s role in the assessment, prevention, and management of these common bowel symptoms. as well as the global issues su

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11

Fraser, Britt. Acute Fluid Resuscitation for Intussusception. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0004.

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Intussusception occurs when a proximal section of bowel invaginates into more distal bowel and is then advanced by peristalsis. It is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants, and untreated can lead to bowel ischemia and perforation. Early recognition and treatment can prevent the need for surgical intervention and complications. Intussusception can also result in significant dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea. An essential aspect of the perioperative management is to identify and treat dehydration.

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12

Keshav, Satish, and Alexandra Kent. Acute diarrhoea. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0028.

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Acute diarrhoea is the abrupt onset of a change in bowel habit, with the passage of an unusually high volume of stool (greater than the normal of 200 ml per day), and/or increased bowel frequency of bowel opening (greater than the normal of up to three times per day). Infectious diarrhoea is the commonest cause of acute diarrhoea worldwide, responsible for 3 million deaths per year in children under 5 years in the developing world, mainly due to dehydration. In England, 20% of adults suffer an intestinal infection each year, most causing a benign, self-limiting illness.

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13

Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Bacterial overgrowth. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0035.

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Bacterial overgrowth 250Bacterial overgrowth refers to the syndrome of stasis of the small-bowel contents leading to bacterial proliferation and excessive numbers of bacteria being present in the small bowel (normally most of the gut bacteria are in the colon). It is also known as ‘blind loop syndrome’ or ‘stagnant loop syndrome’....

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14

Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Ulcerative colitis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0044.

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Clinical presentations 310Investigation 311Clinical course 311Management 31225% of inflammatory bowel disease presents in childhood, 1/3 as ulcerative colitis. Presentation can occur at any age and ulcerative colitis is the commonest cause of inflammatory bowel disease in the younger child. Family history of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis is common in index cases....

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15

Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Inflammatory bowel disease: introduction. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0041.

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Inflammatory bowel disease 288• 25 % of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents in childhood, usually as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. The UK incidence is 5.2/100 000 children <16 years of age. Crohn's disease is the more common. Family history of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis is common. Both diseases can occur in the same family....

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16

Bowker, Lesley K., James D. Price, Ku Shah, and Sarah C. Smith. Gastroenterology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738381.003.0012.

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This chapter provides information on the ageing gastrointestinal system, the elderly mouth, nutrition, enteral feeding, the ethics of clinically assisted feeding, oesophageal disease, dysphagia, peptic ulcer disease, the liver and gall bladder, constipation, diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, diarrhoea in older patients, other colonic conditions, the ‘acute surgical abdomen’, obstructed bowel in older patients, and obesity in older people.

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17

Faber, Lucifer. Composition Notebook: Rolling with My Homies Bowling Bowler for Men Women Journal Notebook Blank Lined Ruled 6x9 100 Pages. Independently Published, 2020.

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18

Beed, Martin, Richard Sherman, and Ravi Mahajan. Gastrointestinal and hepatic. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696277.003.0008.

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Gastrointestinal haemorrhageAcute severe pancreatitisThe acute abdomenAcute bowel ischaemiaIntra-abdominal hypertensionHepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndromeHaemorrhage may occur in the upper (oesophagus, stomach, or duodenum) or lower GI tract (small bowel or colon). Severity can vary greatly from trivial to immediately life-threatening. It may be the cause of critical care admission, or occur as a complication of ICU care....

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19

Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Intestinal failure. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0013.

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Short-bowel syndrome 98Excessive diarrhoea 100Motility disorders 101Mucosal disorders 102The term intestinal failure (IF) refers to a functionally impaired gastrointestinal tract unable to maintain biochemical homeostasis and support normal growth. Short-bowel syndrome (SBS) is a common cause of IF and usually defined as a severe reduction in functional gut mass below the minimal amount necessary for digestion and absorption adequate to satisfy the nutrient and fluid requirements for growth. Other causes of IF include mucosal abnormalities giving rise to protracted diarrhoea, and neuromuscular

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20

Bremner, Ronald. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0033.

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This chapter covers gastrointestinal endoscopy—gastroscopy and colonoscopy. This includes sections on environment and equipment, indications, contraindications, bowel preparation for colonoscopy, and complications.

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21

Dalal, Shalini. Octreotide for Malignant Bowel Obstruction (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0026.

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This chapter describes a prospective study published in 2002 evaluating the role of octreotide in the symptomatic management of advanced cancer patients with bowel obstruction that cannot be treated surgically. The chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, a

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22

Sierpina, Victor, Karen Welch, Dimple Desai, and Anna Rotkiewicz. The Healthy Gut in Older Adults. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190466268.003.0016.

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Gastrointestinal issues are among the most common problems in older adults, who present a unique set of issues related to the aging gut. An integrative physician attends to these issues by avoiding polypharmacy, reducing overuse of invasive procedures and medications, optimizing nutritional recommendations, and supporting quality of life. This chapter describes a variety of approaches that include functional medicine, lifestyle, mind-body, bioenergetics, botanical, herbal, and other measures to improve gut health. Specific topics covered are gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, ulcers,

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23

Stacey, Victoria. Gastroenterology. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592777.003.0013.

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Acute gastrointestinal bleeding - Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding - Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding - Vomiting - Diarrhoea - Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - Liver failure - Alcoholic liver disease/withdrawal syndromes - SAQs

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24

Preter, Sabina E., Theodore Shapiro, and Barbara Milrod. A Developmental Approach to Children’s Communications. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190877712.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 addresses the implications of age and developmental stage of the youth on the therapist’s behavior and how the therapist conducts treatment. The authors provide a theoretical overview across development as it relates to child and adolescent anxiety psychodynamic psychotherapy (CAPP) (Piaget, Bowlby, Erikson, Mahler, Winnicott, among others), and the authors explain how making therapeutic contact is adjusted to the stage related competence for understanding. Particular attention is paid to language, development of communicative abilities in general, and the capacity to treat nonverbal

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25

Choi, Judy M., and Ja-Hong Kim. Management of Urinary and Bowel Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199341016.003.0015.

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Bladder and bowel dysfunction caused by multiple sclerosis is common and can cause considerable distress to a patient’s quality of life. Voiding dysfunction may comprise the initial presenting symptom in up to 15% of patients with multiple sclerosis, usually in the form of acute urinary retention or new-onset urinary urgency and frequency. The severity of the dysfunction and impact on daily activities are closely related to the patient’s general neurologic disability. Effective management options should be based on the patient’s overall functional status. The goal of this chapter is to provide

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26

Agarwal, Anil, Neil Borley, and Greg McLatchie. Paediatric surgery. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199608911.003.0007.

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This chapter covers paediatric operations. Procedures like rigid bronchoscopy, chest drain insertion, and central venous catheter insertion are described. Common operations of abscess drainage, appendicectomy, laparoscopy, gastrostomy, circumcision, epigastric and umbilical hernia repair, external angular dermoid cyst excision, inguinal hernia, and hydrocele are all outlined. Other operations described are fundoplication, ileostomy formation, pyloromyotomy, small-bowel resection and anastomosis. Surgery for intussusception, small-bowel atresia, meconium ileus, and oesophageal atresia are inclu

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27

Banerjee, Ashis, and Clara Oliver. Gastrointestinal emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786870.003.0013.

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This chapter covers the medical aspects of patients presenting to the emergency department with a gastrointestinal problem. It covers both upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding, including the management and scoring systems available for risk stratification. This chapter also includes a section on diarrhoea and vomiting, as well as the management of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. In addition to bowel-related pathology, another common presentation includes liver and alcohol-related pathology. This chapter summarizes the key aspects of liver failure. Included in this are the key

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28

Goel, Rishi M., Kamal V. Patel, and Terry Wong. Gastroenterology and renal medicine. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0130_update_001.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are a major feature of very low glomerular filtration rate and may be the presenting feature in some patients presenting late with renal failure. GI haemorrhage is increased in frequency inpatient with renal failure, even more so in those given therapeutic anticoagulation. There are some differences in likely causes. Oral bowel cleansing preparations that contain phosphate are dangerous in patients with CKD as they may cause phosphate crystallization in the kidneys: the resulting AKI may have limited reversibility. Patients with end stage renal disease have an in

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29

Doumouchtsis, Stergios K., S. Arulkumaran, Vikram S. Talaulikar, and S. Arulkumaran. Intraoperative emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651382.003.0012.

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This chapter describes intraoperative emergencies, including haemorrhage, perforated uterus, and damage to the urinary tract, blood vessels, or bowel, and details the recommended treatment options for each of these emergencies.

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30

Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Necrotizing enterocolitis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0005.

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Necrotizing enterocolitis 46Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastroenterological emergency in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and the major cause of death for all newborns undergoing surgery. The mortality is greater than that from all the congenital disorders of the gastrointestinal tract combined. Survivors may be left with short-bowel syndrome as well as other long-term gastrointestinal, growth and neurodevelopmental sequelae. NEC frequently presents as feed intolerance with bile-stained gastric residuals, abdominal distension, blood in the stools, apnoea, and acid

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31

Batra, Akshay, and John Puntis. Intestinal failure. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0015.

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This chapter discusses the aetiology, prevalence, and management of intestinal failure in children. The commonest cause of intestinal failure is short bowel syndrome followed by disorders of intestinal motility and congenital enteropathies.

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32

Carton, James. Gastrointestinal pathology. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199591633.003.0006.

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Gastrointestinal malformations 84Oral cavity diseases 86Salivary gland diseases 87Oesophagitis 88Oesophageal polyps and nodules 89Oesophageal carcinoma 90Gastritis 92Gastric polyps 93Gastric carcinoma 94Gastrointestinal stromal tumours 96Peptic duodenitis 97Coeliac disease 98Small bowel infarction 99Intestinal infections ...

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33

Van den Bosch, Filip. Extra-articular, extra-skin disease. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0014.

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Psoriatic disease is a multisystem disorder that affects skin and nails. Besides arthritis and spondylitis, involvement of other organ systems occurs in a significant proportion of patients. Within these extra-articular, extra-skin manifestations, eye and gut disease occupy an important place since they are linked in a bi-directional way: eye inflammation and bowel disease occur more frequently in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, but there is also an increased prevalence of psoriasis in patients with uveitis or inflammatory bowel disease. In this chapter, we will focus primaril

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34

Peeran, Syed M. Combined Endovascular and Surgical Retrograde Superior Mesenteric Artery Recanalization. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0027.

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Acute mesenteric ischemia is a life-threatening vascular emergency associated with a very high mortality rate. In the setting of necrotic bowel, the current standard of care requires a laparotomy with bowel resection and surgical or endovascular revascularization of the superior mesenteric artery. Unfortunately, mesenteric bypass confers high perioperative mortality, in some reports up to 45%. A hybrid technique that employs an exploratory laparotomy, catheterization of the distal superior mesenteric artery, and stent deployment across the atherosclerotic lesion was first described in 2004 for

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35

Syed, Almas, Robert Evans Heithaus, and Chet R. Rees. Tract-o-gram to Reduce the Risk of Non-Target Catheterization During Placement of a Drainage Tube. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0096.

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A common complication of percutaneous drainage or tube placement is non-target catheterization, particularly of adjacent bowel loops. Bowel transgression by drainage catheters may later become evident by signs and symptoms of peritonitis, copious catheter output, sepsis, or fistula formation. However, small needle transgression alone, without tube transgression, is far less significant. This described method of pullback tract-o-gram can prevent placement of a tube once small needle transgression has occurred, and it can permit re-attempt and repeat safety check. The described method of tract-o

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36

Helling, Kevin D., and Scott A. Shikora. Intestinal Complications of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0029.

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Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a commonly performed bariatric operation, but it is a formidable procedure performed in technically challenging, medically high-risk patients. Although it is highly successful for achieving meaningful and durable weight loss, a variety of intestinal complications may occur. These include small bowel obstructions from a number of sources (internal hernias, adhesions, intussusception, incisional hernias, intestinal volvulus), anastomotic strictures, dumping syndrome, portal vein thrombosis, Roux-en-O construction, and small bowel diverticulitis. This chapter reviews s

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37

Glasper, Edward Alan, Gillian McEwing, and Jim Richardson, eds. Gastrointestinal problems. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569572.003.0012.

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Anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal system 336The main functions and structure of the liver 338Appendicitis 340Peritonitis 342Pyloric stenosis 344Mesenteric adenitis 346Gastroenteritis 348Coeliac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy) 350Constipation 352Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 354Crohn's disease 356Ulcerative colitis ...

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38

Stanton, Mike. Congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0001.

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This chapter covers the common congenital abnormalities. This includes detailed discussion of the gut development. Conditions covered include gastroschisis, exomphalos, malrotation, duodenal atresia, small bowel obstruction, distal intestinal obstruction, meconium ileus, Hirschsprung disease, and anorectal malformation.

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39

Webster, Peter, Judith Ritchie, and Veerabhadram Garimella. Colorectal surgery (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749813.003.0004.

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This chapter seeks to illustrate the interesting and diverse nature of adult colorectal surgery with a number of presentations of both benign and malignant conditions of the colon, rectum, and anus. The cases represent a wide variety of colorectal conditions that most junior surgical trainees will encounter from this specialty electively at outpatient clinic, including constipation, colorectal cancer, fissure-in-ano and fistulas, haemorrhoids, faecal incontinence, and pilonidal disease. Cases also feature emergency presentations commonly encountered on the acute surgical take such as acute div

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40

Watson, Max, Caroline Lucas, Andrew Hoy, and Jo Wells. Gastrointestinal symptoms. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234356.003.0013.

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This chapter covers gastrointestinal symptoms, including oral problems and how to manage them, nausea and vomiting, antiemetic drugs, constipation, diarrhoea, intestinal obstruction, hiccup, anorexia/ cachexia/ asthenia, ascites, tenesmus and temesmoid pain, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal bleeding, and bowel stoma care.

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41

Ripamonti, Carla I., Alexandra M. Easson, and Hans Gerdes. Bowel obstruction. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0143.

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In this chapter, malignant bowel obstruction is defined as the clinical presentation of patients with symptoms, signs, and radiographic evidence of obstruction to the transit of gastrointestinal contents caused by cancer, or the consequences of anticancer therapy including surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Malignant bowel obstruction secondary to cancer or its treatments is encountered relatively frequently in supportive care as well as in in hospice/palliative care practice, carries a poor prognosis, and is associated with significant symptoms. Careful clinical assessment and an un

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42

Keshav, Satish, and Alexandra Kent. Psychiatry in gastrointestinal medicine. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0206.

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This chapter discusses psychiatric conditions with gastrointestinal (GI) consequences (including eating disorders, depression, and side effects of psychiatric medications), and GI diseases with psychiatric symptoms (including hepatic encephalopathy, coeliac disease, Wilson’s disease, acute intermittent porphyria, functional GI disease, and inflammatory bowel disease).

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43

Kurup, V. J., A. Gillian, and David J. Leaper. Stapling in surgery. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198510567.003.0010.

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Introduction 352Stapling technique in anterior resection 354Stapling technique in oesophagojejunostomy (Roux loop) after transabdominal total gastrectomy 356Stapling technique for transection of bleeding oesophageal varices 358Stapling technique for transection of duodenum 360Stapling technique for gastroenterostomy 362Stapling technique for bowel resection and functional end-to-end anastomosis ...

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44

Wiffen, Philip, Marc Mitchell, Melanie Snelling, and Nicola Stoner. Therapy-related issues: gastrointestinal system. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199603640.003.0016.

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Diarrhoea 314Constipation in adults 318Management of nausea and vomiting 322Dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 326Pharmaceutical care in gastrointestinal stoma patients 334• ‘Diarrhoea’ is a term generally understood to mean an ↑ frequency of bowel movement relative to normal for an individual patient....

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45

Kaplan, Tamara, and Tracey Milligan. Demyelinating Diseases 1: Multiple Sclerosis (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650261.003.0013.

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The video in this chapter explores demyelinating diseases, and focuses on multiple sclerosis (MS). It discusses the causes of MS, its etiology, symptoms (optic neuritis, sensory changes, weakness, spasticity, and bowel and bladder dysfunction), and subtypes (relapsing remitting (RRMS), secondary progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS)).

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46

Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Crohn's disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0042.

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Introduction 292Clinical features 292Investigation 293Clinical course 295Management 296Refractory disease 300Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the bowel, from mouth to anus. Family history is common. 25% of patients present in childhood (age <18 years), most commonly during the adolescent growth spurt....

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47

Carton, James. Gastrointestinal pathology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759584.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses gastrointestinal pathology, including gastrointestinal malformations, oesophagitis, oesophageal polyps and nodules, oesophageal carcinoma, gastritis, gastric polyps, gastric carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumours, peptic duodenitis, coeliac disease, small bowel infarction, intestinal infections, intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, colorectal polyps, colorectal carcinoma, diverticular disease, and anal pathology.

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48

Cortes, Eduardo, Mohammed Belal, Arun Sahai, and Roland Morley. Pelvic organ prolapse. Edited by Christopher R. Chapple. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0039.

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Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition in women. It is defined as a downward descent of pelvic organs through or at the introitus. Symptoms relate to the prolapse itself and its potential effects on the bowel and urinary systems. Careful assessment is required and all compartments of the vagina need to be examined to assess for multicompartment POP. Several classification systems exist but the Baden Walker and POP-Q systems are commonly employed today. Several patient and surgical factors will influence the management. Conservative management involves pelvic floor exercises and the

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Omran, Yasser Al, and Qasim Aziz. Mechanisms of visceral pain in irritable bowel syndrome. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0016.

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Throughout history, symptoms of nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, bloating, and pain have been described in relation to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal disorders that give rise to these symptoms are broadly characterized as one of two types: structural or functional. Although structural diseases can be easily identified, and even cured by means of medical or surgical intervention, functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) remain a medical enigma. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) constitutes one of the 40 or so conditions under the FGIDs umbrella. It is chara

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Ajithkumar, Thankamma, Ann Barrett, Helen Hatcher, and Natalie Cook. Palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235636.003.0020.

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Pain management 640Nausea and vomiting 646Malignant bowel obstruction 649Constipation 650Diarrhoea 651Hiccups 652Depression 654Delirium 656Oral care 657Cancer-related fatigue 658Cancer cachexia 659Breathlessness 660Cough 661Haemoptysis 662Symptom clusters 663End of life care 664In general, cancer pain management should be focused on the three-step WHO analgesic ladder for cancer pain relief (Ventafridda et al. ...

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