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Herring, Rachel. "Governance, sport and the city : realising mega sporting events in London." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2006. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6749/.
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Mega sports events have become important tools for cities seeking to enhance their global position, undertake regeneration and promote tourism and there is intense competition to win the rights to host events, particularly the Olympics, World Athletics Championships and FIFA World Cup. Using the case of the abandoned Lee Valley National Athletics Centre (LVNAC) project and the loss of the rights to stage the 2005 World Athletics Championships in London as a case study, this thesis sets out. To explore the inter-relationships between governance, sport and the city, with a particular focus on mega sports events. .A qualitative approach was adopted to enable processes to be explored and to tease out linkages between different aspects of governance, levels of governance, sport and governance and the various interested parties. This thesis is multi-disciplinary in its approach, using concepts from a variety of disciplines including social policy, geography, urban studies and politics. It is underpinned by an integrative theoretical framework drawing elements primarily from urban regime theory, theories of policy networks and multi-level governance. This thesis is based on the premise that the key to understanding the failure of the LVNAC project as well as the development of other mega sporting projects lies in understanding the prevailing governance arrangements. A working hypothesis was developed to guide the thesis, which is that the relative failure of the UK to bid for, and stage mega-sports events in the recent past is rooted within aspects of the network style of governance that evolved in London and other UK cities. In order to explore this proposition and to more fully understand the failure of the LVNAC project this thesis compares how other nations and cities (both within the UK and abroad) approach mega sports events and their experiences of staging mega sports events. Drawing on documentary sources and semi-structured interviews with key players involved with the LVNAC project, the 'story' of the Lee Valley National Athletics Centre is told. The analysis of the LVNAC project locates the project within the evolving governance arrangements for London- the re-instatement of city-wide government and election of the Mayor in 2001. Comparison is made with the subsequent successful London bid for the 2012 Olympics. This thesis demonstrates the importance of governance issues throughout the whole mega sports events process and at all levels of governance. In particular this thesis has shown that three elements of governance -leadership, vision and strategy -play a critical role in securing and delivering successful mega sports events. The failure of the LVNAC project was the result of failures on all these fronts whilst the success of the London Olympic bid was largely because these elements were in place. This thesis highlights the critical role played by cities but also the continuing importance of central government in the mega sporting events process. Furthermore, this thesis has demonstrated the value of studying an apparent failure. So often the emphasis within policy and political arenas is on learning from success and consequently failures are often overlooked as a source of positive knowledge.
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Donos, Maxim. "Communicating Sport Mega-Events and the Soft Power Dimensions of Public Diplomacy." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23077.
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Increased international competitiveness to host sport mega-events indicates their perceived value in stimulating regional and national economic, social and cultural development. In the context of broader governmental public opinion management strategies, sport mega-events hold the potential to mobilize soft power resources of the host country, expressed in values, culture and policies, and engage with and influence the publics of other countries. This thesis investigates the significance of sport mega-events for the host country’s public diplomacy strategies and practice by exploring the concepts of public diplomacy, sport mega-events, soft power and national image within a multi-disciplinary conceptual framework. The analysis of scholarly literature, official and media reports reveals how aspects of reputation, credibility, and legitimacy guide both foreign public opinion and the practice of public diplomacy in conjunction with sport mega-events. Moreover, international reputation of the host nation, including status, prestige and image, appeared to benefit the most as a result of strategic application of sport mega-events to public diplomacy. This can be achieved by proving functional reputation though demonstration of financial and organizational success. Alternatively, social reputation of the host is at risk of sustaining considerable damage as a result of resistance from social activists groups, thus requiring extensive damage control efforts of the host country's image. The conclusions drawn from this study raise significant questions about the potential of sport mega-events being effectively used for public diplomacy and the experience of the host governments, revealing functional competence as having the greatest potential to influence public diplomacy strategy built around hosting sport mega-events.
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Rybka, Pauline Johanna. "Political use and consequences of sport events." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197830.
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In the theory part of this thesis will examine the connection between politics and sport, including the politicization of major sport events and the particular role of non-democratic states as host nations. In the empirical part, three case studies (Summer Olympics Beijing 2008, Winter Olympics Sochi 2014, and FIFA World Cup Qatar 2018) will be analyzed in the light of how they have influenced (or have the potential to influence) reforms, the adoption of democratic structures, and the human rights situation.
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Moesch, Christian. "Infrastrukturbedarf von Sport-Mega-Events : Entwicklung und Überprüfung von Modellen zur Abgrenzung eventbedingter Investitionen /." Bern : FIF, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3176269&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Salisbury, Paul J. "An analysis of the development of the policy-making process in relation to bidding for large scale sports events in the UK." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/15800.
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There is a growing field of literature concerning the staging, management and planning for large scale sports events; the evaluation of these events and the reasons why nations, but more recently cities, attempt to host these events, but few studies have attempted to provide a theoretically informed analysis of the processes by which these decisions are made. This study builds upon those existing studies in this area which outlined a method for exploring decisions to host, but furthers the analysis through the consideration of policy models, most notably the Multiple Streams Framework (Kingdon, 1984), in order to provide a sophisticated understanding of how such policy decisions are taken at the local level. Within the context of a critical realist epistemology, case studies of three United Kingdom bids (Sheffield s bid for the 1991 Universiade; Manchester s bid for the 2000 Olympic Games and Glasgow s bid for the 2014 Commonwealth Games) were undertaken. Content analysis of documents, triangulated with semi-structured interviews with the majority of key actors involved in, and excluded from, the processes were carried out in order for geographical, methodological and theoretical triangulation to be undertaken. The three bids were selected from across a twenty year period in order to test the hypothesis that the decision-making process for events would had become more and centrally-led over time. The results indicate that, while no analytical framework provides a perfect fit , the Multiple Streams Framework and its focus on policy entrepreneurialism is highly useful in explaining the elevation of these events onto local political agendas. Despite the increased centralisation of United Kingdom sport policy, local/regional actors were able to operate with surprising freedom and take advantage of apparent coincidences in order to achieve their objectives. The wider implications of these results include providing a stimulus for researchers to build upon the limited body of literature that applies policy theory to sports policy issues and also to stimulate research in the international context.
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Shropshire, Kylea. "Sport, Corruption and Human Rights: the Case of FIFA." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194539.
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This master thesis dissertation analyzes what kind of humanitarian issues can arise when international sporting events, such as the World Cup, are connected with powerful, global sporting organizations such as FIFA. It asks whether or not FIFA takes into consideration the positive and negative consequences that such an event might have on human rights? Or if FIFA chooses to ignore these rights in preference of organizational gain? For my investigation I decided to choose FIFA because it is one of the most important sports organizations in the world and wields a great deal of power thanks to its corporate partners and football's worldwide appeal. My hypothesis is simple: Decisions made by FIFA are heavily influenced by endemic corruption throughout the organization that does not prioritize citizen rights or human rights development more generally.
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Zima, Kamil. "Event Tourism Economical and tourstic impacts on regional economy : A study of Polish regions preparations for UEFA EURO 2012." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-11803.
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The aim of the study was to examine what the economic and touristic impacts of the sports event - UEFA EURO 2012 - will have on Polish regions. The essay was limited to some specific regions in Poland. Those regions were Gniewino, Malbork, Kalisz, Legionowo, Pommerian Province, Cracow, Olsztyn and Zamosc. The Football Championships that will be held in 2012 are dependent of the big amount of football fans that will came and spend their money in Polish regions. Thanks to the increased consumption this creates demand for local services and products. The generator of spending is the tourism multiplier that is the main link to the touristic expenditure.The multiplier is a catalyst of the region that creates jobs, growing yield, promotion of the region and improvement of its infrastructure and leisure facilities. This is considered as an advantage from an economical and touristic point of view. The economical and tourstic benefits are different for every mentioned region in the study because of their location and link to the UEFA EURO 2012. This study shows only how the different eight regions prepare for the UEFA EURO 2012 and what they think that the negative and positive economical and touristic impacts will gain them. The study gives only a short brief of the football event of what can happen.
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Ishac, Wadih. "Furthering national development through sport, the case of Qatar." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH037/document.
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Lorsque nous parlons de relations internationales, nous parlons généralement de diplomatie et d'investissement, Le sport peut être utilisé comme outil pour améliorer la diplomatie entre les pays, ainsi que pour développer les intérêts économiques et sociaux. De plus, le sport occupe une place importante dans le repositionnement de l'image d'une nation, tout en améliorant le processus d'intégration des jeunes générations dans le monde. L'un des principaux intérêts, du point de vue du gouvernement, est de créer un lien affectif positif avec la nation hôte de l’évènement sportif. Ce qu'on appelle le soft power. Le but de ce travail est d'explorer certaines des façons dont le sport est utilisé pour générer ce pouvoir, et comment il peut contribuer à générer du contrôle ou à provoquer de l'influence, en se concentrant sur l'État du Qatar. Ce travail est séparé en trois parties principales. Je présente d'abord le développement du sport et la manière dont les événements sportifs ont été utilisés par différents pays et régimes politiques, ainsi que l'impact généré. Deuxièmement, j'essaie de comprendre l'impact généré par l'investissement du Qatar dans l'équipe de football française du Paris Saint-Germain. Et troisièmement, en mesurant l'impact socio-psychologique généré par la jeune génération en organisant des événements sportifs internationaux, le cas du championnat du monde de handball 2015. Ce travail vise à clarifier comment un tel investissement est perçu comme une opportunité de développement au sein de la société, et d'améliorer la diplomatie. En se concentrant sur l'évolution dont le sport est utilisé comme un outil important dans le processus de socialisation des jeunes dans la société mondiale. Sur la base de mes recherches, le résultat de l'investissement dans le Paris Saint-Germain était une situation «gagnant-gagnant» entre la France et le Qatar sur le plan social, économique et politique. De plus, l'utilisation des événements sportifs a eu un impact émotionnel positif, faisant admirer aux résidents la vision du gouvernement. La jeune génération, quelle que soit sa nationalité, a une vision positive des efforts du gouvernement pour s'améliorer et se développer. La vision du gouvernement du Qatar était saillante pour la jeune génération au QatarWhen we mention international relations, we generally talk about diplomacy and investment, but there are other ways of promoting the interests of a government on the international stage. Sport can be used as tool to improve diplomacy between countries, as well as developing economic and social interests. Additionally, sport takes an important place in shaping the image of a nation, while it improves the integration process of young generations into the world. One of the main interests, from a government perspective, in the use of sport, is to generate a positive emotional connection to a host nation - what is known as soft power. The aim of this work is to explore some of the ways in which sport is used to generate this power, and how it can provide a type of control or influence. Specifically, it will focus on the State of Qatar. This work is separated to three main parts. First I present the development of sport and the way sport events were used by different countries and political regimes, and the impact generated. Second, I try to understand the impact generated from Qatar investment in the French football team Paris Saint-Germain. And third, I measured the socio-psychological impact generated on the young generation from hosting international sport events, as in the case of the Handball World championship 2015.This work sets to clarify how allowing such investment is perceived as an opportunity for development within the society, and to improve diplomacy. Additionally, focussing on the young generation allows me to study the evolution of how sport is an important tool in the process of socialization of young people into global society. Based on my research, I argue that the result of the Paris Saint-Germain investment was a "win-win" situation between France and Qatar on the social, economic, and political level. Also, using sport events generated positive emotional impact, making the residents admire the vision of the government. The young generation, regardless nationality has a positive view of government efforts to improve and develop itself - the Qatari government's vision was salient to the young generation in Qatar
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Nedvetskaya, Olesya. "Social legacy of mega sport events : individual, organisational and societal implications of the London 2012 Games Maker Programme." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6612/.
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This thesis was focussed on volunteering as a social legacy of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games (London 2012). The study identified a research gap with regard to the details on the processes through which the volunteering legacy can be achieved, for whom, in what circumstances and over which duration. Therefore, the overall purpose of this research was to explore the processes by which the London 2012 Volunteer Programme (the Games Maker Programme) was used to deliver a desired social legacy in the historical context of sport event volunteering in the UK, such as the XVII Commonwealth Games in Manchester (Manchester 2002), their Pre-Volunteer Programme (PVP) and Manchester Event Volunteers (MEV). This was done by means of examining volunteering experiences and volunteer management practices in the context of the Olympics as the least explored form of the Games-related legacy. The uniqueness and strength of this research was in its empirically grounded and historically informed case study with an embedded single-case design with multiple units of analysis, where the case was the Games Maker Programme and units of analysis – different aspects of the Programme. The study employed critical realism and interpretative constructivism as the basis of its philosophical framework. It used a ‘realist’ approach drawing on the basis of realist evaluation: context + mechanism = outcome (Pawson and Tilley, 1997). Elements of the Programme became the mechanisms activated under certain conditions (contexts) to trigger certain outcomes. A two-layered theoretical framework was applied to help study volunteering in the context of the Olympics. The research utilised the Legacy Cube by Preuss (2007) as an outer layer of the framework to help identify positive and negative, planned and unplanned, tangible and intangible structures associated with a social legacy and analyse them at specific time and space. The Volunteer Process Model by Omoto and Snyder (2002) served as an inner-layer of the framework that helped explore more in-depth personal attributes of London 2012 volunteers (Individual level), processes, experiences and consequences of their involvement, as well as the ingrained nature of volunteering in the institutional and cultural environments (Organisational and Societal levels). Longitudinal time horizon and mixed methods were used to collect a richer and stronger array of evidence to address the research aims and questions. Qualitative evidence included various documents, in-depth semi-structured interviews with volunteers (before and after London 2012) and managers (after London 2012), as well as participant observations carried out by the researcher before and during the Games. These qualitative elements were supplemented with an on-line survey of a broader cross section of volunteers. Thematic analysis was used to make sense of the large volume of data and provide foundations for the results and a subsequent discussion. The findings revealed that the London 2012 Volunteering Strategy had multiple stakeholders and aims, from running an excellent Games-time Volunteer Programme to creating a sustainable social legacy. Competing demands, poor coordination, the confusion over who is responsible for what outcomes, the lack of specific plans on how to achieve these outcomes and external factors related to changes in political environment and worsened socio-economic conditions in the UK contributed to a legacy not being realised to the extent it was hoped for. Therefore, declared commitments to Excellence, Equality and Diversity, One Games, UK-Wide, Exchange, Legacy and Partnership were limited in their capacity. Ultimately, the need to deliver the Games took a priority. Although the Games Maker Programme appeared to achieve its target to recruit, train and manage 70,000 volunteers to work in 3,500 Games-time roles, organisers were not always effective in providing volunteers with the best experience, which largely depended on volunteer roles, placements and a management style of immediate managers and team leaders. It came across as a surprising outcome, given that the successful organisation of the Games was largely in hands of volunteers. Therefore, if the commitment is to have an exemplary Games-time Volunteer Programme, then a priority should be to make those who freely devote their time and effort feel valued and provide them with an array of opportunities and benefits that encourage positive experiences. This, potentially, can contribute to a sustainable volunteering legacy beyond the Games.
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Van, Graan Marteleze. "South African host city volunteers' experiences of the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa™." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27565.
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The 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association’s (FIFA) World Cup (WC) would be the first time that a FIFA WC would be hosted on the African continent. This study was aimed at describing the South African City of Tshwane (COT) general volunteers’ experiences of volunteering at the 2010 FIFA WC. The FIFA Volunteer Programme consists of two groups of volunteers: Local Organising Committee (LOC) volunteers and each Host City (HC) volunteers. The COT volunteers are HC volunteers from the Tshwane Metropolitan Area (TMA). Volunteers are active in a variety of different contexts, namely in the community, volunteers at sport clubs or schools and also at mega sport events. Volunteers make it possible to host a mega sport event because they provide their time and effort without expecting remuneration or they receive a stipend amount. The existing literature of volunteers at mega sport events investigated what motivated volunteers to participate as well as how satisfied the volunteers were with the experience. The aim of this study was to describe COT general volunteers’ experiences of preparing (preparation phase) for the 2010 FIFA WC; COT general volunteers’ experiences during (participation phase) the 2010 FIFA WC, as well as the South African COT general volunteers’ experiences on their involvement (reflection phase) at the 2010 FIFA WC was described. The methodology employed in this study was Descriptive Phenomenology and the Duquesne Phenomenological Research Method was used to analyse the material. The differences between Descriptive Phenomenology and Interpretive Phenomenology were described. The material consisted of a written account as well as an interview, which was based on the essences that were portrayed in the written accounts. There were five participants — three spectator services volunteers and two rights protection volunteers. All of the participants were female. The findings of this study were divided into the preparation phase, participation phase and the reflection phase. In the preparation phase the COT general volunteers described two essences namely, the application process and training. In the participation phase the COT general volunteers experienced four essences namely, the working of shifts, interaction with volunteers, interaction with supervisors and lastly interaction with tourists. In the reflection phase the volunteers described two experiences, growth and value. This research project contributes to sport psychology because this study describes the experiences of volunteers at the 2010 FIFA WC.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Psychology
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Knott, Brendon Kevin. "The strategic contribution of sport mega-events to national branding : the case of South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2015. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/22504/.
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Nation branding is an emerging and contested discourse at the convergence of diverse fields such as business management, tourism, social and political sciences. Sport mega-events have previously been associated with some degree of brand-related benefits for the host nation. However, there have been no studies that have clearly revealed these opportunities or investigated their impact on the development of brand equity for a nation. Furthermore, no studies have examined the inherent characteristics of a sport mega-event that create such opportunities. The contemporary emphasis on the ability of sport mega-events to deliver legacies also raised the question of how nation branding benefits can be sustained post an event. While sport mega-event leveraging studies have begun to emerge, none of these has focused on the manner in which brand stakeholders can leverage and sustain nation branding opportunities specifically. This study therefore aimed to identify the strategic branding opportunities created by a sport mega-event for a host nation and to indicate how brand stakeholders could leverage and sustain these opportunities. The study used a mixed methods, sequential, qualitative-dominant status design (quan → QUAL). The case of South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup was selected as the study context, as it represented an emerging nation that specifically stated its aim of using the sport mega-event to develop its brand. In order to assess brand image perceptions and the degree to which these were impacted by the mega-event, a quantitative study investigated international visitors’ nation brand perceptions during the event (n=561). Informed by the results, a qualitative study was designed to elicit the experiences, lessons and insights of selected, definitive nation brand stakeholders and experts (n=27), with whom in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted, two to three years post the event. This study clearly identifies the strategic manner in which a sport mega-event creates equity for a nation brand. Furthermore, it reveals the inherent characteristics of a sport mega-event that create such opportunities. It also challenges the conceptualisation of legacy, rather promoting the strategic activities of stakeholders in order to sustain event benefits. The findings will assist policy makers and stakeholders to leverage the opportunities created by an event more effectively and make more informed policy decisions regarding the bidding and hosting of events.
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Klonova, Anastasiia. "The Role of Mega-events in Country Branding : Case Study on Brand of Ukraine before European Football Championship 2012." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-14124.
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Successful presentation of a country as a brand and positioning its unique image on the global level can give significant opportunities for development and progress of the state in the different areas. This research applies theories on the country branding to estimate impact of mega sport events on the image of state. To accomplish these goal I used case study – formation of brand Ukraine before hosting European Football Championship 2012 (EURO 2012). To investigate brand strategy of Ukraine and analyze implemented projects I conducted in-depth interviews with government officials and independent experts, who are involved in promo campaigns of Ukraine. The research concluded that Ukraine is in the process of brand formation, but it is too early to to assume the existance of the comprehensive brand of the country. For Ukraine, EURO 2012 impulses change of negative perceptions of the country and is a step towards complex strategy of brand creation. Future of this strategy therefore depends on conducting preliminary studies of each promo project and coordinated collaboration between all actors who take part in creation of brand Ukraine. Research also provides recommendations on how to make brand campaign more efficient.
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Pfitzner, Rebecca [Verfasser], Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Königstorfer, and Jutta [Gutachter] Roosen. "The impact of mega-sport events on host residents’ quality of life / Rebecca Pfitzner. Betreuer: Jörg Königstorfer. Gutachter: Jörg Königstorfer ; Jutta Roosen." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113182490/34.
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Jensen, Jonathan A. "The Path to Global Sport Sponsorship Success: An Event History Analysis Modeling Approach." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1426070279.
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Olson, Erik Johan. "Rescinding a Bid: Stockholm's uncertain relationship with the Olympic Games." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82866.
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The City of Stockholm has undergone a curious process of considering whether to launch a bid for the 2026 Winter Olympic Games. That Stockholm has contemplated launching a bid is not surprising from a regional perspective—the Olympic Games have not been held in a Scandinavian country since Lillehammer, Norway played host in 1994 and Sweden has never hosted the Winter Olympics. A potential bid from Stockholm would also be consistent with Sweden's self-identification and embracement of being a 'sportive nation'. Failed applications by the Swedish cities of Gothenburg, Falun, and Östersund to host the Winter Olympic Games confirm the long-standing interest of the Swedish Olympic Committee to secure the Games, although it should be noted that the Swedish Olympic Committee did not submit a bid for the 2006, 2010, 2014 or 2018 Winter Olympic Games competitions. Although recent reports indicate that Stockholm will not vie for the 2026 Winter Olympic Games, the notion that the city was even considering the option remains surprising. Stockholm had withdrawn its bid from the 2022 bidding competition citing a variety of concerns including a lack of government and public support, financial uncertainty, as well as the post-event viability of purpose-built infrastructure. Stockholm's withdrawal from the 2022 competition resonates with the growing apprehension by potential bid cities (especially those emerging from democratic countries) towards the Olympic Games. This thesis seeks to illustrate that Stockholm's Olympic hopes have book-ended a transformative period in the Olympic bidding process and to expose the struggle that bid cities have in adjusting to the demands of the IOC's bidding process.Master of Science
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Borin, Tatiana. "O (des)legado dos megaeventos esportivos : um estudo de caso sobre os impactos da realização da Copa do Mundo (FIFA) em Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163913.
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Porto Alegre foi uma das doze cidades-sedes da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014. À época da sua candidatura e durante o preparo do evento, muito se divulgou acerca dos prováveis legados que a realização deste megaevento deixaria como retorno à cidade e seus habitantes. Diante disso, passados dois anos do fim da Copa, quisemos avaliar e descrever quais foram os principais impactos que sediar a Copa do Mundo deixou à Porto Alegre e seus (suas) habitantes no âmbito socioeconômico. Para cumprir com tal objetivo, fizemos um estudo de caso com enfoque qualitativo cuja coleta de dados deu-se através de pesquisa documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas, observações e registros de campo. Para compreender como se dá a realização de um megaevento, fizemos um histórico de como os megaeventos surgiram, se desenvolveram e se firmaram partindo de sua base esportiva e de sua base dentro da sociedade capitalista e globalizada. Também refizemos o caminho histórico percorrido pelas cidades em busca da reestruturação urbana – propiciada pelos megaeventos. Ao analisar os dados, elencamos duas categorias relacionadas ao âmbito social (reestruturação urbana e política/legislação) as quais subdividiram-se em: moradia e especulação imobiliária, garantias à FIFA e legislação, mobilidade urbana e segurança e violência. Percebemos que as obras de mobilidade privilegiaram veículos motorizados individuais e interesses de empreiteiras. As remoções realizadas em nome da Copa do Mundo são (ainda) um ponto de resistência de inúmeras famílias e comunidades – as quais não suportam mais a violação ao seu direto de moradia. A polícia comprou inúmeras armas e munições para conseguir proteger a Copa – e não as pessoas. Com relação à legislação, criou-se no Brasil um estado de exceção, sob qual a FIFA e seus interesses foram soberanos. O dinheiro utilizado para as obras da Copa teve sua origem no fundo público, ao contrário do prometido inicialmente. O custo final apresentou uma redução em relação ao custo inicial, porém isso deveu-se apenas à retirada de inúmeras obras (de mobilidade, na maioria) que não ficariam prontas dentro do prazo. Tivemos a FIFA, as grandes empreiteiras, políticos e a iniciativa privada como vencedores da Copa – e o legado à população de Porto Alegre ficou esquecido diante de tantos processos de corrupção e lavagem de dinheiro que os grandes ligados à Copa se envolveram.Porto Alegre was one of the twelve host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. At the time of its candidacy and during the preparation of the event, much was announced about the probable legacies that the accomplishment of this mega event would leave as a return to the city and its inhabitants. In view of this, two years after the end of the World Cup, we wanted to evaluate and describe the main impacts that hosting the World Cup left to Porto Alegre and its inhabitants in the socioeconomic context. To accomplish this goal, we conducted a case study with a qualitative approach which data collection took place through documentary research, semi-structured interviews, observations and field records. To understand how a mega event takes place, we made a history of how megaevents have emerged, developed and established themselves in sports within the capitalist and globalized society. Also, we make the historic path taken by cities in search of urban restructuring - propitiated by mega-events. In analyzing the data, we have listed two categories related to social scope (urban restructuring and politics / legislation) which were subdivided into: housing and real estate speculation, guarantees to FIFA and legislation, urban mobility and security and violence. It becomes evident that the mobility projects favored individual motor vehicles and the contractors. The removals made in the name of the World Cup are (still) a point of resistance of countless families and communities - which no longer support the violation of their housing right. The police bought numerous weapons and ammunition to protect the World Cup event- not the people. With regard to legislation, a state of exception was created in Brazil, under which FIFA and its interests were sovereign. The money used for the infrastructure works of the Cup had its origin in the public fund, contrary to the one promised initially. The final cost was reduced compared to the initial cost, but this was only due to the withdrawal of numerous infrastructure works (mostly for mobility) that would not be ready on time. We had FIFA, big contractors, politicians and private initiative as winners of the World Cup - and the legacy of the population of Porto Alegre was forgotten in face of so many corruption and money laundering scandals that the big Cup entrants got involved.
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Clavel, Anna. "Méga-événements sportifs et gestion du risque : entre menace, sécurité et liberté. La Coupe du Monde 2006." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA113005.
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Cette thèse examine la gestion du risque lors des Méga-Evénements Sportifs (SME). Elle prend en compte à la fois des concepts théoriques, de la configuration de gouvernance pour en étudier les impacts mais aussi des débats suscités lors de ces manifestations. Les éléments d’organisation sont analysés sous un angle critique, permettant de mieux saisir la structure de la configuration et le fonctionnement qui en découle : les forces de sécurité en présence, les interdépendances, forces et tensions qui définissent les rapports entre les acteurs. Nous questionnons ces dimensions du point de vue de la surveillance et du contrôle social. Notre projet de démonstration s’articule en deux temps : dans un premier temps par l’élaboration d’un cadre théorique et des possibilités de transfert de modèles dans le cadre des événements sportifs pour tenter dans un second de valider ces tendances de gestion au travers d’un cas empirique : la Coupe du Monde de Football 2006. Les objectifs poursuivis se décomposent en une double question : en quoi les SME sont révélateurs des politiques de sécurité instaurées dans le cadre de Méga-Evénements culturels politiques et socio-économiques au regard de la gestion de la sécurité mais également en quoi les SME peuvent-ils être mobilisés pour infléchir les politiques de sécurité nationale. L’exemple allemand nous sert de support pour envisager les évolutions possibles des systèmes de sécurité suite à l’organisation d’une manifestation de ce type.Notre démonstration met en avant la démarche d’élaboration de projets de sécurité des SME à partir d’une identification de risques construits par les gestionnaires de la sécurité jusqu’à la mise en place de dispositifs de sécurité et aux conséquences de ceux-ci à différents niveaux. Toutes ces étapes sont analysées au regard du triangle sécurité, menace et liberté.La Coupe du Monde 2006 est une illustration des tensions existant dans la gestion de la sécurité des SME : à la fois support d’application et de progrès des mécanismes de sécurité utilisés hors du domaine sportif, elle soulève également des débats quant aux conséquences des décisions politiques sur les libertés individuelles découlant des évolutions. En dépit d’une réussite apparente, nous examinons les dimensions de l’organisation de la sécurité lors de la Coupe du Monde 2006 et abordons les problématiques poséesThis dissertation addresses the issue of risk management during Sports Mega Events (SME). It deals with the theoretical concepts of configuration and that of governance, and addresses the discussions and impact surrounding these sports events. Organizational aspects are analyzed from a critical angle, making for a better understanding of the equation: security forces, interdependencies, power relations and tensions between the elements that come into play. These dimensions are questioned from the point of view of surveillance and that of social control.This dissertation falls into two parts: first, I develop a theoretical framework and assess the transferability of models in the context of sporting events. I then study the empirical case of the 2006 Football World Cup. How were security policies introduced as part of Mega-Events cultural and social economic policies? Additionally, how were SMEs mobilized to influence national security policies? The German case may lead to future changes in security systems for the organization of this type of event.This study highlights the process of developing safety initiatives during SMEs: from identification of risk as constructed by security managers to the implementation of safety devices and its consequences. These stages are discussed in relation to the security threat and freedom triangle.The World Cup of 2006 is an illustration of the tensions in managing the security of SMEs. Methods which are traditionally used in other realms were applied in the sporting context of this World Cup raise a number of issues, notably the consequences security policies may have on individual freedoms. Despite the apparent success of the World Cup, this study examines the question of security organization and discusses the issues raised
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Eklöf, Rebeca, and Elin Jansson. "Stora sportevenemang i mindre städer : En kvantitativ studie om platsmarknadsföring och kunskap-attityd hos invånare vid större sportevenemang." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37361.
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Cities hosting huge sporting events is a growing industry and is a way to market the city towards the rest of the world. The goal is for businesses to make profit, attract tourist and be seen on the global market. However, as its marketed towards external audiences, the locals and how they are affected are usually forgotten in the process. The purpose of this paper was to study the knowledge and what attitudes individuals living in Halmstad, Sweden, possess regarding the World Table Tennis Championship 2018, as well as how they received information regarding the event. To find the answers to our questions we handed out surveys in central Halmstad during the period the event took place. We compared our results with how they're tied to theories regarding place branding, image-identity-reputation and the knowledge-attitude-behavior model. The main findings of our analysis were that our respondents of Halmstad county was well- informed about the event and did not feel like they needed more information. The majority viewed the event in a positive light, and overall people found the event to be important for Halmstad as a city and destination.
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Rossetto, Júnior Adriano José. "Copa do Mundo Fifa - Brasil 2014: realidades, mitos e legados na cidade de São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19643.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The mega sporting events are, in principle, described as a opportunity to stimulate and boost the sport in the country, a window of opportunity for sports development. In this way, includes-if the educational sport, ensuring the right of sports to all citizens as promulgates the National Constitution of 1988. The objective this thesis was to evaluate the legacy of 2014 FIFA World Cup for educational sport in São Paulo city, identifying, mapping, analyzing and classifying public policies, programs and sports projects developed by the Municipal Secretary of Sports and Leisure of São Paulo (MSSL). The research employed a qualitative approach case study, choosing the educational sport in São Paulo city as the focus. Initially, it undertook a literature review on the theories sociological of Norbert Elias and Pierre Bourdieu and its links with the sociology of sport, in Preuss's study of the legacy of mega sporting events and in Marx's theory about the relation of sport as a commodity. Later a documentary analysis was held, in search of primary sources, leaning up on the Guidelines and Budget Laws of the City and documents of MSSL to analyze the public sports policies, while observing the budgets, programs, projects and sports events realized by MSSL in São Paulo, during the administration of mayors Kassab (2009-2012) and Haddad (2013-2016). Also, there were qualitative interviews with nine employees and former employees of MSSL as a way of getting information that could demonstrate the sports policies of both administrations and the legacy into the organization of FIFA's World Cup - Brazil 2014 into city sports. It was found that during Haddad's management there was a reduction of investments in sport, of activities and also related to the numbers of calls in the projects and programs of the MSSL. As a result we see a shrinkage in the workforce and in the equipments, public sports structures worn and without magnification. Thus, as a positive legacy of the FIFA's World Cup to the sport in São Paulo city was only the new Arena, since the impact on educational sport was negative, with the decadence of School's Club Program. The huge winners of the legacy are the actors who holds more power in the Municipal sports field, ie, politicians, businessmen, show managers who defend the highperformance sports or commodity in fact, the accumulation and capital rise. The MSSL languishes, educational and leisure sport in the largest host cities of the country agonizes which demonstrate that the realization of mega sporting events does not require obligatorily and directly a legacy for sport
Os megaeventos esportivos são, em princípio, descritos como uma oportunidade para estimular e alavancar o esporte no país – uma janela de oportunidades para o desenvolvimento esportivo. Nesse sentido, inclui-se o esporte educacional, assegurando o direito da prática esportiva a todos os cidadãos, conforme promulga a Constituição Nacional de 1988. O objetivo desta tese é avaliar o legado da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 para o esporte educacional, na cidade de São Paulo, identificando, mapeando, analisando e classificando as políticas públicas, os programas e projetos esportivos desenvolvidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Esporte e Lazer do Município de São Paulo (SEME). A pesquisa empregou a abordagem qualitativa de estudo de caso, escolhendo o esporte educacional na cidade de São Paulo como objeto. Inicialmente, empreendeu-se revisão bibliográfica nas teorias sociológicas de Norbert Elias e de Pierre Bourdieu e seus nexos com a sociologia do esporte, nos estudos sobre legados dos megaeventos esportivos de Preuss e na teoria de Marx sobre a relação do esporte como mercadoria. Posteriormente, realizou-se análise documental, em busca de fontes primárias, debruçando-se sobre as Diretrizes e Leis Orçamentárias da Cidade e documentos da SEME para analisar os orçamentos, programas, projetos e eventos esportivos realizados pela SEME em São Paulo, das gestões dos prefeitos Kassab (2009-2012) e Haddad (2013-2016). Também, realizaram-se entrevistas qualitativas junto a nove funcionários e ex-funcionários da SEME na busca de informações que demonstram as políticas de esporte das duas gestões e o legado da realização da Copa do Mundo FIFA – Brasil 2014 no esporte da cidade. Constatou-se que, na gestão Haddad, ocorreu redução dos investimentos em esporte, diminuição das atividades e no número de atendimentos nos projetos e programas da SEME, encolhimento do quadro de funcionários e equipamentos e estrutura esportivas públicas desgastadas e sem ampliação. Dessa forma, o legado positivo da Copa FIFA para o esporte na cidade de São Paulo somente foi a construção da nova Arena, uma vez que o impacto no esporte educacional foi negativo, com a decadência do Programa Clube Escola. Os grandes vencedores do legado são os atores que detêm mais poder no Campo Esportivo do município, ou seja, os políticos, empresários, gestores do espetáculo, que defendem o esporte de alto rendimento ou mercadoria – na verdade, o acúmulo e ampliação de capital. A SEME definha, o esporte educacional e de lazer na maior cidade-sede do país agoniza, demonstrando que a realização de megaeventos esportivos não acarreta, obrigatoriamente e diretamente, legados para o esporte
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Campos, Anderson Gurgel. "A economia das imagens do esporte: produção, reprodução e valoração de bens imagéticos nos ambientes midiáticos dos megaeventos esportivos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4606.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-18Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research investigates the management of spectacular images of the sport in mega events. The top-level modern sport, the basis of mega sports events, is a source of a complex system of production and image reproduction and social symbols, and of economized images this is, with the accumulation of values and meanings and it is also a bridge between those agents of these types of activities and their audiences, which ultimately reverts to capital and image. This issue becomes more relevant due to the fact that Brazil will host both World Cup in 2014 and Olympics in 2016. The main hypothesis of this doctoral research is that the images that circulate in these sports mega events are organized not in relation to their body related this is, athletes, local or competition but with other images, creating an imagery show that is constructed from an economic principle. This research, which aims to analyze the sport mega-events as media environments, allows us to show that there is an economy, an operating principle between play, sport and mega-events, from images. The reference here is the Greek concept of oikonomia and its derivations in economic theology, which support the idea of an economy of the image, which binds to the organization and management of pictorial resources in the relationship between the man and his imaginary. The objective is to investigate the construction of media environments and test the validity of speaking in the existence of an economy of image of the sport, responsible for the transformation of sports mega-events and their agents in goods of the consumer society. In the concept of game and sport the references are Huizinga and Caillois. For sport, the references are Bourdieu, from the concept of communication in sport, and Wulf and Gabauer on mimesis in the sports game. For concepts of image, event and apparatus, the ideas of Flusser are also crucial. And finally, from Agamben, Mondzain and Polanyi, the concept of economy of images is supported, which allows, in dialogue with the theory of the spectacle, Debord and Iconofagia by Baitello Jr., we can understand the essence of sports consumption in contemporary society
Esta pesquisa investiga a gestão das imagens espetaculares do esporte nos megaeventos. O esporte moderno de alta competição, base dos megaeventos esportivos, é fonte de um sistema complexo de produção e reprodução de imagens e símbolos sociais e é gerador de imagens economizadas ou seja, com acúmulo de valores e significados , e que constroem vínculos entre agentes desses tipos de atividades e seus públicos, o que, por fim, reverte-se em capital e imagem. Esse assunto torna-se mais relevante com a realização no País da Copa do Mundo de 2014 e dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016 no Brasil. A hipótese principal desta pesquisa de doutoramento é a de que as imagens que circulam nesses megaeventos organizam-se não mais na relação com os seus referentes corporais ou seja, atletas, locais ou competições , mas sim com outras imagens, gerando um espetáculo imagético que se constrói a partir de um princípio econômico. Esta pesquisa, que pretende analisar os megaeventos enquanto ambientes midiáticos do esporte, permite mostrar que há uma economia, um princípio operativo entre jogo, esporte e megaeventos, a partir de imagens. A referência aqui é o conceito grego oikonomia e suas derivações na economia teológica, que subsidiam a ideia de uma economia da imagem, que se liga à organização e à gestão dos recursos imagéticos na relação entre o homem e seu imaginário. O objetivo é investigar a construção dos ambientes midiáticos e verificar a pertinência de se falar na existência de uma economia da imagem do esporte, responsável pela transformação de megaeventos esportivos e de seus agentes em mercadorias da sociedade de consumo. No conceito de jogo e esporte, as referências são Huizinga e Caillois. Para esporte, as referências são Bourdieu, a partir do conceito de comunicação no esporte, e Wulf e Gabauer, sobre a mimese no jogo esportivo. Serão também fundamentais os conceitos de imagem, evento e de aparelho de Flusser. E, por fim, a partir de Agamben, Mondzain e Polanyi, alicerça-se o conceito de economia das imagens, o que permite, em diálogo com a teoria do espetáculo, de Debord, e da Iconofagia, de Baitello Jr., entender a essência do consumo esportivo na sociedade contemporânea
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Durand, Charl. "Information management and globalised sport : a South African mega-event model." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50369.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Reflecting a general trend in modern society, the world of sport has become information driven, with effective information management becoming an essential part of all sports organisations and sporting activities. The sophistication oflarge, multi-sport events - mega-games - such as the Olympic Games and Commonwealth Games demand a high standard of information management to help ensure the smooth running of such events. This is also true of the managing of national teams participating in them. In this thesis a model of an information management system (IMS) is developed for managing certain types of information in such events and the national team participating in them. The model is based on two conceptual frameworks: Intellectual capital, and secondly the information management cycle. The model is then tested using a number of case studies where a specific information management system was used to manage the information of different sports teams and events. The degree to which the information management system was effectively implemented in each case is evaluated and the results used to measure the correctness and accuracy of the model. Lastly suggestions are given as to how the model can be improved in view of the case study findings, and what the future role of information management in sports events may look like in light of the results.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die feit dat inligtingsbestuur 'n noodsaaklike deel geword het in sport organisasies en aktiwiteite is 'n weerspieeling van 'n algemene tendens in die moderne, informasie-gedrewe samelewing. Die ingewikkeldheid van groot, multi-sport byeenkomste - "mega-games" - soos die Olimpiese Spele en die Gemeenskapspele vereis 'n hoe standaard van inligtingsbestuur om te verseker dat sulke byeenkomste glad verloop. Dieselfde geld in die geval van die bestuur van die nasionale spanne wat daaraan deelneem. In hierdie tesis word 'n inligtingbestuursmodel ontwikkelom sekere tipes inligting van verskillende sportbyeenkomste en nasionale sportspanne te bestuur. Die model is geskoei op twee konseptueie raamwerke: Intellekteuie kapitaal, en tweedens die inligtingsbestuursiklus. Die model word getoets deur middel van 'n aantal gevallestudies waartydens 'n besondere inligtingstelsel gebruik is on sportspanne en byeenkomste se inligting mee te bestuur. Die mate waartoe die inligtingbestuurstelsel effektief geimplementeer is word ge-evalueer en die resultate gebruik om die korrektheid en akkuraatheid van die model te meet. Ten slotte word voorstelle gemaak oor hoe die model verbeter kan word in die lig van die gevallestudiebevindinge, en wat die moontlike toekomstige rol van inligtingsbestuur by sportbyeenkomste kan wees in lig van die bevindinge.
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MIHAGUTI, FATIMA YUKARI FUKUSHIGUE. "PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES: CASE STUDY ON A SPORTS MEGA EVENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26138@1.
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As estratégias de compra adotadas pelas organizações têm sido fundamentais para que elas se mantenham competitivas e atendam as demandas de produtos e serviços que seus clientes necessitam. Essa dissertação avalia a aplicação das metodologias de Kraljic, Porter e PESTEL na definição de estratégias para a área de compras e contratações, com o objetivo de atender às necessidades da organização responsável pela realização de um Megaevento Esportivo de forma eficaz e efetiva. Dentro deste tema, são abordadas as características que configuram a complexidade e a criticidade deste cenário particular, configurado por uma organização temporária para atendimento de necessidades do maior Megaevento Esportivo mundial com definições inflexíveis de prazo e custo. A dissertação em questão visa desenvolver por meio da metodologia de estudo de caso a apresentação de estratégias diferenciadas para cada tipo de item a partir da análise das diversas variáveis utilizadas na realização de uma contratação. O objetivo foi avaliar a aplicabilidade das teorias tradicionais da área de compras e suprimento ao caso específico, de um Megaevento Esportivo. Uma contribuição desta dissertação em relação a outros estudos voltados a megaeventos deste porte foi o foco nos processos relacionados à área de suprimentos. Além de tratar o tema em um contexto empresarial único e em um ambiente específico, onde as condições e restrições do mercado fornecedor e as legislações específicas do país e cidades sedes impactam nas estratégias. Em particular, esse estudo de caso compara o tipo de estratégia de contratação adotado no Megaevento Esportivo com as estratégias apresentadas nas teorias acadêmicas do tema, e ressalta as principais dificuldades vivenciadas e soluções mitigadoras aplicadas, em função das especificidades deste caso.The procurement strategies used by the organizations have been crucial so they can be kept competitive and meet demand of products and services that their clients need. This dissertation evaluates the applicability of the methodologies of Kraljic, Porter and PESTEL on the definition of strategies for the procurement and hiring department, with the objective of meeting the needs of the organization responsible for the execution of a Sports Mega event in an effective and efficient manner. In this theme, it is approached the characteristics that configure the complexity and criticality of this particular scenario are approached, configured by a temporary organization to meet the needs of the biggest Sports Mega event with inflexible definitions on timing and cost. The dissertation aims to develop through a methodology of a case study the presentation of differentiated strategies for each type of item through an analysis of diverse variables used on the making of a purchase. The objective was to evaluate the applicability of the traditional procurement field theories onto a specific case, of a Sports Mega event. An additional contribution of this dissertation regarding other studies focused on mega events of this size is the focus on the processes related to the procurement area. Besides treating the theme in a unique enterprise context and in a specific environment, where the conditions and supply market restrictions and specific legislation of the main country and city impact on the strategies. In particular, this case study compares the type of procurement strategy adopted in the Sports Mega event with the strategies presented on the academic theories on the theme, and points out the main difficulties experienced and mitigation solutions applied, due to the specificities of this case.
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Rosen, Paul. "Sport-Mega-Event : ein Garant für Wirtschaftswachstum? Eine Untersuchung der FIFA-WM 2006 /." München : GRIN-Verl, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017549161&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Mhanna, Rami. "Stakeholders' perspectives of leveraging tourism and business legacy outcomes from mega sports events." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2016. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/25063/.
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The aim of this research is to develop a critical understanding of the process by which stakeholders leverage tourism and business legacy outcomes from mega sports events. It is common now for many mega sport events stakeholders to look beyond short-term impacts towards achieving long-term legacy outcomes. This indicates that mega sport events have become a part of a broader process that must be invested in throughout the planning process, before, during and after the event. Within previous leveraging approaches, whilst mega sport events are temporally contained, the effect of leveraging is subject to the short term period of the event per se. A strategic approach is required in order to fully leverage legacy outcomes over the long term. This research is concerned with the stakeholders’ perspectives on how such long-term leveraging could be achieved. The methodological design is guided by an exploratory stance. The method adopted is key informant interviews undertaken with salient stakeholders of the London 2012 Olympic Games. A stakeholder is an individual or organisation who is affected by and/or affects the planning process associated with leveraging such legacy outcomes of mega sport events. Identifying key informants as stakeholders depended upon their saliency by evaluating their power, legitimacy and urgency. Snowballing techniques and careful planning assisted in accessing stakeholders for interviews. A total of 15 in-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken in order to encourage stakeholders to explain their perspectives of optimal leveraging strategies and initiatives. An iterative thematic analysis process was adopted for the rich data, where the research discovered new concepts and categories. The analysis led to three main aspects of leveraging: tourism, business and the role of media in the leveraging process. The evaluation of stakeholders’ perspectives of the factors contributing to the leveraging process from the London 2012 Olympic Games allowed a framework for leveraging tourism and business legacies of mega sport events to be developed. The framework consists of leveraging initiatives that characterised by their proactivity throughout the event planning process, and by considering the event as a theme within this long-term planning process. The emerged leveraging approach is called mega-leverage of mega-events that is not led by the events per se. Thus, the new strategic approach provide a contribution to both knowledge and practice of leveraging tourism and business legacy outcomes of mega sport events, by advancing understanding of what is specifically required for the leveraging process. The thesis also offers holistic insights relevant for leveraging mega sport events by providing tangible recommendations that could lead to more favourable leveraging models of such events. This is especially important because this area of research has both a high potential impact as well as being an under-researched area.
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Dunkel, Carolin [Verfasser], Klaus [Gutachter] Kracht, and Michael [Gutachter] Kinski. "Ein Mega-Event für Japan und Korea / Carolin Dunkel ; Gutachter: Klaus Kracht, Michael Kinski." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1208076310/34.
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Ahmed, Naeem. "Nation Branding Through a Mega-Event: A Case Study of Qatar 2022." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41405.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the nation branding process deployed by a host country organizing committee. Three research questions helped guide this study: (1) How does the organizing committee see the opportunity of hosting a sport-mega event (SME) as a nation branding tool? (2) What aspects of the FIFA World Cup (FWC) do people working with the organizing committee believe, create such nation branding opportunities? (3) How do event organizers leverage a nation branding legacy from the FWC? A single case study was built using 1,669 document pages, and nine semi-structured interviews and data were thematically analyzed. The study investigated relevant organizational documents and the event organizers’ perspectives to determine the nation branding processes. Results revealed the organization's approach to nation branding involved assessing their external image, creating a country narrative based on the population's characteristics and values, and depicting a unique identity by showcasing their cultural heritage to increase the attraction of the nation brand. Findings highlight that nation branding through the FWC requires the LOC’s strategic coordination through nation brand stakeholders, nation brand ambassadors, important organizations as well as the leadership of the nation in order to build brand equity.
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Abreu, Fabio Lanzillotta de. "Pontos críticos para o desempenho dos voluntários na operacionalização de megaeventos esportivos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13794.
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The purpose of the presentation is to analyze the main issues in the operationalization of a sports mega-event when thousands of volunteers become the work force without receiving any kind of remuneration, as Brazil will host, during the decade, important mega-events of that kind and will be in need voluntary workforce. For that reason, an explorative qualitative research was conducted, by means of individual interviews with volunteers having previous experience in sports events and with managers of the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Organizing Committee, in order to take a closer look at the analysis on incentives, event planning, organization during the event and the legacy in the vision of these two groups.
O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar os pontos de atenção na operacionalização de um megaevento esportivo, em que milhares de voluntários participam como força de trabalho, sem qualquer tipo de remuneração, considerando que o Brasil, nesta década, sediará importantes megaeventos e precisará contar com o uso de mão de obra voluntária. Para tal, foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, por meio de entrevistas individuais em profundidade com voluntários que apresentavam experiências anteriores em eventos esportivos e com gestores do Comitê Organizador dos Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos do Rio de Janeiro em 2016. Assim, aprofundou-se as análises sobre motivação, planejamento do evento, organização durante o evento e legado, na visão destes dois grupos
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Koop, Matthew. "Mega Event Organizing Committees: Investment in Anti-Doping Personnel." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34208.
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Peer reviewed literature currently provides little knowledge of how to recruit and train Doping Control Officers (DCOs) for Mega Sport Events. This study adds to the existing body of literature on creating knowledge transfer and legacy for future Mega Event Organizing Committees. A phenomenological designed study was conducted through the use of a qualitative on-line survey during the 2015 Toronto Pan American Games. A survey response rate of 58% was achieved. Survey responses by DCOs were analyzed using inductive coding to identify four main themes; i) DCO motivations, ii) training program design, iii) engagement and support, and iv) barriers to participation in the results. Recommendations include using mixed methods for future studies, provide DCOs with training and evaluation opportunities prior to the Mega Sport Event, and developing mentorship opportunities during games operations. Additional research is needed to create greater understanding of DCO motivations and perceptions beyond this study.
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Symons, Helen M. L. "Olympic sport and the local community : a sociological study of Stratford, London." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25309.
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London 2012 was the 30th Olympiad, and the third time that London had hosted an Olympic Games. The rationale for hosting the Games was to undertake a large-scale regeneration of Stratford and the East London region. The research explored the experiences of community representatives who live and/or work in East London. The research was inductive and focused on the empirical findings of the research via a sociological lens. Three overarching research themes (urban regeneration, socioculturalism, governance and economics). The original contribution to knowledge relates to the limited amount of research previously conducted which take into account all three of these overarching themes. 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed alongside official documents and newspapers using narrative thematic analysis and critical discourse analysis. Two main findings emerged from the analysis; Marginal Gains and the Ripple Effect. It is recognised that the positivity found throughout the presented narratives may have been present due to the time period in which the research was undertaken. Future research should focus on whether the time period has an influence on the experiences of community representatives and whether similar (economic and governance) is experienced by future host cities.
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CHEN, HONG. "THE IMPACT OF SPORTS EVENTS ON URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN POST-MAO CHINA: A CASE STUDY OF GUANGZHOU." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1163380801.
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Myers, Scott J. "Designed for disassembly: the push for a new approach to sports architecture in the 21st century." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53381.
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The architecture of the sports stadium has evolved dramatically throughout its history. From the ancient gladiatorial arenas to the domes and retractable-roof ballparks of the 20th Century, the stadium has become an iconic and integral part of life, in our modern society. Through the globalization of sports and sporting events, such as the Olympics and World Cup, new and more exciting opportunities are being extended to those who, historically, have been without the resources or infrastructural means to support such endeavors. However, for all the excitement and optimism that accompanies the initial design and planning, the actual development of the necessary structures and support systems rarely provides the expected return on what, ultimately, becomes a staggering investment of time, money, and labor. In fact, operators have found it nearly impossible to provide for the continued operation, maintenance, and regular occupation of these facilities, thus resulting in an overwhelming burden on the local community.
It is the purpose of this thesis to provide a survey of architectural precedents from selected mega-events of the last 100 years, as well as a number of other contemporary stadium projects, in an effort to fully convey the magnitude and relevancy of this issue, to identify industry trends and practical models, and more definitively present the need for an alternative approach to design. Additionally, a proposal will be put in place for more of a focus on modularity and prefabrication, in order to transform the Olympic or World Cup stadium into a less permanent element within the urban landscape. It is the hope that the systemic issues, currently associated with hosting international sporting events, may be remedied through the architecture, and ultimate disassembly, of the 21st Century stadium. Ultimately, the goal is to reduce the negative impact of such undertakings, and to aid in the realization of the inherent potential for positive change therein.
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Dunkel, Carolin. "Ein Mega-Event für Japan und Korea." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16144.
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Die FIFA-Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft wurde 2002 erstmals von zwei Gastgebern gemeinsam ausgerichtet. Diese Kooperation entsprang jedoch nicht dem Wunsch der beiden Bewerber Südkorea und Japan, sondern es war eine Entscheidung der FIFA. Wie würden die beiden unfreiwilligen Partner mit dieser Situation umgehen? Würde die gemeinsame Gastgeberrolle vielleicht zu einer Chance werden, das gegenseitige Verhältnis zu verbessern? Betrachtet man die Fußballweltmeisterschaft aus der Perspektive der Mega-Event-Theorie, kann das Aufschluss in diesen Fragen geben. Die Ausrichtung eines Mega-Events ist eine einzigartige Gelegenheit sich der Welt darzustellen und gleichzeitig eine positive Selbstwahrnehmung zu erzeugen. Beides sind wichtige Faktoren bei dem Versuch, eine Nation auf der internationalen Bühne platzieren. Genau darum ging es auch den beiden Gastgebern Japan und Südkorea. Eine Analyse südkoreanischer und japanischer Monatszeitschriften zeigt, wie unterschiedlich dennoch die Erwartungen an und das Erleben der WM in den beiden Ländern waren. Während Japan sich durch die WM 2002 internationalisieren und das Lokale mit dem Globalen verbinden wollte, stand für Südkorea die Präsentation als dem Nachbarn Japan ebenbürtige Nation im Vordergrund. Der unterwartete Erfolg der südkoreanischen Mannschaft vermittelte den koreanischen Fans ein überwältigendes Gefühl der Einheit, das Stolz und ein neues Selbstbewusstsein hervorbrachte. Das frühe Ausscheiden der japanischen Mannschaft bewirkte unter ihren Fans ein sich Hinwenden zum koreanischen Team, wodurch eine unerwartet positive Koreaerfahrung und ein Gefühl der Gemeinschaft mit dem Nachbarland entstand. Auf diese Weise trug die unfreiwillige gemeinsame Gastgeberschaft dazu bei, dass beide Länder ihre ursprünglich mit der WM-Ausrichtung verbundenen Ziele besser umsetzen konnten, als es ihnen als alleiniger Ausrichter möglich gewesen wäre.The 2002 FIFA Football World Cup was co-hosted by Japan and South Korea but this co-operation was not a voluntary one. What would the two unequal partners make out of FIFA’s decision? Could the co-hosting become a chance to improve their relation? To interpret the World Cup in terms of Mega-Event theory helps to answer these questions. A Mega-Event is not only a unique chance to promote one’s image to the world but also to create a positive self-image and self-awareness. Both are important processes for the relocation of a nation in the international society and both are what the hosting of a Mega-Event is about. It is here where one finds the Korean and Japanese motivation to host the World Cup 2002. An analyses of the discours in both countries monthly magazines shows how different the expectations were and how Korean and Japanese fans experienced the Event. While South Korea’s first aim was to show to the world its equal standing next to its neighbor Japan, the topics discussed in the Japanese World Cup discours suggest that internationalization was what Japan expected from hosting the Mega-Event. But when the competition started and the Korean team rushed from victory to victory the only thing that mattered were the overwelming emotions of unity millions of Koreans shared. This experience provided an unexpected sence of national pride and self-confidence that changed the Korean self-awareness. This changed attitude might be the most important outcome of Korea’s World Cup hosting. The Japanese team was kicked out of the competition more quickly but this paved the way for many Japanese fans to get more and more interested in the Korean team and to discover an unknown and fascinating Korea. The Japanese who had cheered for the Korean team experienced an unity with Korea no other event could possibly have caused. In these ways the unplaned co-hosting and its unexpected outcomes served both countries’ initial aimes better than a single-hosted Mega-Event would have done.
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Varotti, Felipe de Pilla. "Estratégia de megaevento esportivo: impactos e legados do GP Brasil de Fórmula 1 para a cidade de São Paulo." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2016. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1562.
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Sports mega-events are increasingly being adopted by government entities as a strategy to project an image of the country and generate a significant international exposure, indicating the development of a particular city or country. Sports mega-events are correlated to the major international competitions, with high media coverage by different countries and large capital investment that attracts a large number of visitors and are organized by governmental and non-governmental entities such as the F1 GP Brazil. This event was used by governors of the city of São Paulo as a strategic focus, aiming an international exhibition and economic development. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts and the legacies triggered by this event in São Paulo city. Adopting a descriptive and exploratory research, by a qualitative method, municipal managers, event organizers and local population were interviewed. It was possible to establish that the event generates some impacts, such as: economic, infrastructure, socio-cultural, psychological and administrative. In large part, externalities, as the results of certain activities. As legacies, improvements have been identified in the infrastructure and new public facilities, knowledge and skills developed by the organizers and managers involved in the event, international exposure, improving the city's reputation, establishment of a network, legacies related to motor racing history and the automotive industry, and sports legacy. The contributions of this research refer to the management of sport insofar as it demonstrated that the impacts and legacies are generated taking into consideration a series of cultural, historical, economic factors, in addition to the characteristics and resources of the host city. Indeed, it was possible to demonstrate that events held annually in one place have peculiar characteristics that favor the identification with their host cities, unlike those itinerant mega-events, performed every four years in different places. This study opens perspectives for public managers aiming at better strategic planning before proposing the accomplishment of events of this magnitude. Thus, it becomes possible to develop a sustainable sport mega event that can offer the positive impacts, both for its participants, but mainly for those who inherit the legacy of these events.
Os megaeventos esportivos estão cada vez mais sendo utilizados por entidades governamentais como estratégia para projetar uma imagem e gerar uma exposição internacional significativa, demonstrando o desenvolvimento de uma determinada cidade ou país. Megaeventos esportivos referem-se às principais competições internacionais, com cobertura de mídia por diversos países, investimento de grande capital, que atraem grande número de visitantes e são organizados por entidades governamentais em conjunto com entidades não governamentais, como o GP Brasil de F1. Este evento foi utilizado por governantes da cidade de São Paulo com um foco estratégico, visando uma exposição internacional e o desenvolvimento econômico. Desta forma, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar os impactos e os legados provocados por este evento para o município de São Paulo. Por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, de método qualitativo, foram entrevistados gestores municipais, organizadores do evento e população local. Identificou-se que o evento gera alguns impactos, tais como: econômicos, infraestrutura, socioculturais, psicológicos e administrativos, em sua grande parte, externalidades, sendo resultados de determinadas atividades. Como legados, identificaram-se melhorias na infraestrutura e novas instalações públicas, conhecimentos e habilidades desenvolvidas pelos organizadores e gestores envolvidos com o evento, exposição a nível internacional, melhorando a reputação da cidade, a rede de relacionamentos, legados relacionados à história do automobilismo e da indústria automobilística e legado esportivo. As contribuições desta pesquisa remetem para a gestão do esporte na medida em que demonstrou que os impactos e legados são gerados levando-se em consideração uma série de fatores culturais, históricos, econômicos, além das características e recursos do município sede. Demonstrou ainda que eventos realizados anualmente em um mesmo local possuem características peculiares que favorecem a identificação com suas cidades sedes, diferentemente daqueles megaeventos itinerantes, realizados a cada quatro anos em locais diferentes. Este estudo abre perspectivas para gestores públicos visando melhor planejamento estratégico antes de propor a realização de eventos desta magnitude. Assim, torna-se possível o desenvolvimento de um megaevento esportivo sustentável e que possa oferecer os impactos positivos, tanto para seus participantes, mas principalmente, para aqueles que herdam os legados desses eventos.
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Dodouras, Stefanos. "Examining the sustainability impacts of mega sports events : fuzzy modelling as a new integrated appraisal system." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26640/.
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Sustainable development is recognised as being a complex concept and this is often its main deficiency. A critical review of existing integrated assessment tools identified that current valuation methods give weak signals on integration, adding to the complexity of operationalising sustainable development. To bring about sustainability, professions from different discipline backgrounds have to work together effectively. These factors heighten the need for clear multidisciplinary communication at all stages of a development. Systems thinking based on the concepts of fuzzy logic can provide the basis for complex situations to be examined and approached as qualitatively as possible and thereby could be useful in improving communication and promoting sustainable development. To achieve this aim, literature review and case study research methods were employed. The former provided a critical basis for considering sustainability issues, integrated assessment tools and mega sports events. Such events provide a suitable case study - the 2004 Olympiad - in which the issues of complexity and multidisciplinary communication can be explored. The latter combined data processing of primary sources collected over three decades, as well as the elaboration of a questionnaire survey and a series of in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including academics, civil servants, members of the Olympics organising committee and representatives of other agencies. The modelling process included transcribing and ff*i verification of the interview data using NVivo -1.1. Data exploration and interpretation led to the development and comparison of several fuzzy maps using Inspiration^-7.5. These models were copied to Microsoft® Word-2000 and the subsequent analysis revealed that the functionality of fuzzy modelling could comprehensively analyse data and effectively communicate the potential outcomes. The participative, temporal and qualitative nature of this model could, henceforth, improve the planning and decisionmaking processes. This means that the model can be considered as a new integrated appraisal system, providing a common language and a shared vision.
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Kramareva, Nina. "An analysis of Russia's 'alternative' soft power strategy and national identity discourse via sports mega-events." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8589/.
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This thesis seeks to show through both historical and contemporary examples what makes Russia an ‘outlier’ among key sports mega-events hosts. More specifically, this thesis sets out to establish how external and internal objectives Russia pursued in the context of the 1980 Olympics and the 2014 Sochi Olympics differed from those of other sports mega-event hosts, including non-liberal states. The originality of this thesis lies not only in the fact that it sheds light on Russia’s strategy of sports mega-event hosting, but that it does so from the vantage point of the combination of the three most popular approaches in the extant sports mega-event research: public diplomacy, place branding and soft power. Moreover, this study places Russia’s hosting of sports mega-events within constructivist international relations theory, which prioritises identity and interests. In this respect, this research, by uncovering Russia’s motives behind sports mega-events hosting, seeks to add predictability to Russia’s behaviour in the international arena. Further, this thesis shows that the pursuit of domestic soft power goals appear to be much more important to Russia than the attainment of external reputational benefits. In this respect, this thesis explores at length what role elite sport and sports mega-events play in a nation-building project in Russia and how they are used to legitimise the incumbent elites. Finally, this thesis is an attempt to overcome a Western-centric paradigmatic hegemony in sports mega-event research.
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Sealy, Wendy. "An exploratory study of stakeholders' perspectives of a mega event in Barbados : the Golf World Cup 2006." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2009. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/9781/.
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Although much has been written on the benefits of hosting 'mega events' including the Olympic Games and the Football World Cup, smaller but still significant sport events of global significance such as the Golf World Cup have received hardly any attention by researchers. This dearth in knowledge has inspired the direction of this study, that is, to explore the stakeholder perspective of the Golf World Cup which was hosted in Barbados in 2006. This event was part of a national development strategy aimed at diversifying the tourism product in the light of the increasing competitiveness of the tourism industry. Consequently the research methodology adopted for this study was eclectic in nature as it sought to obtain a holistic understanding of the issues associated with hosting mega events on a small island microstate. An approach to data collection and analysis was therefore utilised including semi-structured interviews, participant observation and the examination of documents and promotional materials in order to understand the expectations and perceptions that specific stakeholder groups (including local tourism officials, international tourists and local residents) have of the Golf World Cup. The 85 participants in this study highlighted a diversity of views. From the tourism authorities' perspective, the reasons for staging the Golf World Cup were rather cliched. These included using the Golf World Cup as a tool to promote the island as an upmarket golfing destination. The authorities also expected that the Golf World Cup would stimulate tourism demand during a traditionally slow period and provide the island with much needed publicity in overseas tourism markets. However, the fieldwork revealed that the event was unsuccessful due to the poor attendance by both international tourists and local residents. From an international perspective many participants felt that the event was poorly attended due to a lack of awareness in overseas markets and the 'lack of atmosphere' and auxiliary attractions at the golf course. From the local perspective many participants felt that the event lacked appeal and cultural relevance to the host society. Locally, a significant finding is that the event projected an image of catering to an elitist clientele. This image created the perception among local residents that the event was socially exclusive and only served to perpetuate social divisions in society rather than to ameliorate them. Furthermore, many felt that the failure of the event authorities to solicit local participation was because local residents were not part of the decision-making process. This finding further augments the argument that events cannot be successful without local support and participation. The findings in this study can make a worthwhile contribution to the marketing, management and design of future events and the direction of policy formulation for sport events on the island of Barbados. It has illuminated many issues that direct the perceptions, expectations and subsequent purchase behaviour of international tourists and local visitors regarding a mega event on the island of Barbados.
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Nakueira, Sophie. "New architectures of governance : transnational private actors, enrolment strategies and the security governance of sports mega events." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12916.
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Includes bibliographical references.The FIFA World Cup has become one of the most sought after sports mega events by many countries in today’s society, as well as one of the most controversial. As I put the finishing touches on this thesis, the FIFA World Cup is taking place in Brazil. As with previous World Cups, the planning stage of the 2014 World Cup has been characterised by protests and considerable criticism, particularly concerned with the expenditures on mega event structures such as stadiums. FIFA, along with host country’s governments, has been a major recipient of criticism. This controversy has prompted many people to focus their gaze on the negative impacts of these events, particularly on disadvantaged populations. Sports mega events will no doubt continue to occupy a crucial space in political and economic debates within host countries. As important as these debates are, they have tended to direct attention away from the governance mechanisms that FIFA deploys in staging World Cups. This thesis seeks to redirect attention to these governance issues.
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Zhang, Cui. "Analyzing the changing pattern of strategies for organizing mega-sporting events in China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1874194.
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Conde, José Maria Lopes Costa. "A meia maratona de Évora. Um evento na cidade." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/22977.
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As corridas de longas distância e sua ligação com as cidades que as acolhem, promovem e dinamizam parecem constituir um fenómeno relacional cujas origens remontam a milhares anos constituindo-se nas primeiras manifestações festivas e lúdicas de que há memória. Popularizadas sobretudo em provas designadas por maratonas ou meias maratonas, parecem revestir-se de uma enorme capacidade de adaptação ao processo evolucional da vida em comunidade que tem permitido mantê-los atuais e interessantes.
Habitualmente o evento e a cidade implicam-se, relacionam-se e confundem-se num processo holístico que torna o estudo destes fenómenos um constante e intricado processo de reciprocidade.
Podendo enquadrar-se o evento A Meia Maratona de Évora nestas características, estudá-lo permitiu analisar as relações e as dinâmicas que o mesmo gera e promove, possibilitando um melhor entendimento do acontecimento e abordar a sua influência nos campos da atividade desportiva, lazer, turismo ativo, estilos de vida e formas de pertença na cidade; The Half Marathon of Évora. A event in the city
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The long-distance races and their connection with the cities that welcome, promote and stimulate them seem to constitute a relational phenomenon whose origins go back thousands of years, being the first festive and playful manifestations of which there is memory. Popularized mainly in tests called marathons or half-marathons, they seem to have an enormous capacity to adapt to the evolutionary process of community life that has kept them current and interesting.
Usually the event and the city are implicated, related and confused in a holistic process that makes the study of these phenomena a constant and intricate process of reciprocity.
Being able to fit the event "The Évora Half Marathon" in these characteristics, studying it allowed to analyze the relations and the dynamics that the same generates and promotes, allowing a better understanding of the event and to approach its influence in the fields of the sport activity, leisure, active tourism, lifestyles and forms of belonging in the city.
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Olofsson, Kristoffer, and Fernández Vítor Peiteado. "Accumulation by Dispossession through Sports Mega-Events: The case of Vila Autódromo and the creation of the Rio 2016 Olympic Park." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23226.
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The theoretical framework of accumulation by dispossession allows for a critical examination of urban development projects within neoliberalism (Harvey, 2009; Swyngedouw, Moulaert & Rodriguez, 2002). Within the same neoliberal paradigm, sports mega-events have come to play a significant role for urban regeneration and policy-making (Hall, 2006). Meanwhile attending to the well-documented cases of mass-evictions and reduction of standard housing rights as a recurrent consequence of cities hosting such events (Blunden, 2012), we believe that such a critical examination is arguably important in order to do justice to these kinds of urban regeneration projects. In this paper we analyse, by a case study approach, how mega-events amplify and accelerate the process of accumulation by dispossession. We attend to the development of the Olympic Park and Olympic Village, Barra da Tijuca, in preparation for the Rio 2016 Games, as well as the neighbouring community of Vila Autódromo. By analysing different types of source material, we discuss how the mechanisms of privatisation and entrepreneurialism are reflected in our case; understood as two important mechanisms that facilitate the process of accumulation by dispossession (Harvey, 2009).
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Malanski, Daniel de Souza. "Narratives of Brazil – Brazilian Identity representations in International Mega-Events – the cases of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA037.
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Dans cette thèse, nous analysons comment les commissions d’organisation de la Coupe du Monde de la FIFA 2014 et des Jeux olympiques d’été 2016 ont utilisé ces mégaévénements pour négocier l’image du pays et de ses habitants en utilisant la tension entre les récits historiques nationaux et les modèles idéalisés de ce qu'on attend d’un pays moderne et de sa position sur la scène internationale. Premièrement, nous avons identifié et discuté une série de récits nationalistes qui - au cours de différentes périodes de l’histoire du Brésil - ont été élaborés comme des moyens de contextualiser le Brésil et les Brésiliens au sein de ce que l’Occident considérait comme moderne. Cependant, sachant qu'il existe de nombreuses façons différentes de vivre et de représenter une nation continentale regorgeant de contrastes régionaux comme le Brésil, nous contextualisons également la représentation des cultures de différents Brésils dans les récits dominants de la brésilité. Une fois ces récits nationalistes et régionalistes définis, nous avons pu les identifier dans l'analyse du contenu du matériel audiovisuel de la Coupe du monde de 2014 et des Jeux olympiques de 2016 - par example, dans les affiches, des logos, des mascottes, des cérémonies, etc. L’adoption, le rejet ou la négociation de ces récits dans les cérémonies mentionnées nous indique non seulement comment les architectes de ces événements ont compris et projeté l’image de la nation à l’étranger, mais aussi comment ils ont révélé leurs perceptions à propos de la brésilité et aussi de la modernité. En outre, l’analyse a également exposé les points de vue des comités d’organisation sur le rôle que jouent les cultures des différentes régions du Brésil dans leurs idées sur la nation, ainsi que leur compréhension de la façon dont différents peuples qui habitent le pays - tels que les descendants de portugais, africains, amérindiens, etc. – ont contribué à la formation de la nationIn this thesis, we have analysed how the organising committees of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics have used these mega-events to negotiate the image of the country and its inhabitants through the tension between historical national narratives and idealised standards of what is expected from a modern nation in relation to the world scene. To do it so, firstly, we have identified and discussed a series of nationalistic historical core narratives which - in different periods of Brazilian history - were crafted to contextualise Brazil and Brazilians within western modernity. Nonetheless, as we understand that there is a myriad of different ways of experiencing and representing a continental nation filled with regional contrasts as Brazil, we also have contextualised the representation of the cultures of different Brazils within dominant narratives of Brazilian-ness. Once we have delineated such nationalist and regionalist narratives, we were able to identify them in the content analysis of the audiovisual material of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics such as posters, logos, mascots, ceremonies and so on. The adoption, rejection or negotiation of these narratives in the aforementioned ceremonies do not only tell us how the architects of these events understood and projected the nation’s image abroad, but also unveiled their perception of Brazilian-ness and modernity. What is more, the analysis has also exposed the organising committees’ judgment of the role that the cultures of different regions play in their idea of the nation as well as their understanding of how different peoples – as the Luso-Brazilians, the Afro-Brazilians, the Amerindians, etc - have contributed to the formation of the nation
Nesta tese, analisamos como as comissões organizadoras da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos de verão de 2016 usaram esses megaeventos para negociar a imagem do país e seus habitantes utilizando da tensão entre narrativas nacionais históricas e padrões idealizados do que se espera de uma nação moderna e da sua relação com a cena internacional. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar, identificamos e discutimos uma série de narrativas nacionalistas que - durante diferentes períodos da história brasileira - foram elaboradas como formas de contextualizar o Brasil e os brasileiros dentro do que o ocidente considerava moderno. No entanto, como entendemos que há uma infinidade de diferentes formas de vivenciar e representar uma nação continental repleta de contrastes regionais como o Brasil, também contextualizamos a representação das culturas de diferentes Brasis dentro narrativas dominantes da brasilidade. Uma vez delineadas tais narrativas nacionalistas e regionalistas, pudemos identificá-las na análise de conteúdo do material audiovisual da Copa do mundo de 2014 e dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 – tais como cartazes, logotipos, mascotes, cerimônias e assim por diante. A adoção, rejeição ou negociação dessas narrativas nas cerimônias mencionadas não só nos dizem como os arquitetos desses eventos entenderam e projetaram a imagem da nação no exterior, mas também como revelaram as suas percepções de brasilidade e de modernidade. Além disso, a análise também expôs as visões das comissões organizadoras sobre qual é papel que as culturas de diferentes regiões brasileiras desempenham nas suas idéias a respeito da nação, bem como os seus entendimentos de como diferentes povos que habitam o país – como os descedentes de portugueses, africanos, ameríndios, etc. - contribuíram para a formação do Brasil
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Erten, Sertac. "Spatial Analysis Of Mega-event Hosting: Olympic Host And Olympic Bid Cities." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609390/index.pdf.
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The aim of this dissertation is to provide a new perspective to the analysis of megaevent / host city relationship. The significance of the research subject depends on the
interest in hosting mega-events such as the Olympic Games and the World Fairs, which generate a competition among cities. Turkish cities are recently being involved in this competition. In addition to that, mega-events have large-scale and long-term impacts on the built environment, which has not been thoroughly discussed in urban studies. The methodology which is based on a qualitative analysis comprises three steps: a historical analysis made on the Olympic host cities, and two case studies. The first case is Athens as the 2004 Olympic city, the second case is Istanbul as an Olympic bid city since 1990. This study recognizes but qualifies the concept of megaevent hosting. It is shown that mega-event hosting is a capacity-building process, whilst it has a potential to generate overdose investments problem in the built environment. The most significant conclusion of the study is that the ability of coping with this problem is correlated with the ability of absorbing the investments made.
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Meirinho, André Furlan. "Santa Catarina e os megaeventos esportivos : um estudo a partir da paradiplomacia." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1392.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-09Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Brazil is hosting major global sporting events like the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil and the Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016, known as sports mega-events. When performing these competitions are presented several opportunities and threats involved, with positives and negatives points of view. Santa Catarina has the opportunity to be involved and act on these events and others like the Volvo Ocean Race and the FIA Formula One Grand Prix, receiving competitions or delegations from countries from different continents and several sports. The aim is to study of sports mega-events, particularly in the spot of the paradiplomacy (international activities of subnational actors such as the State and / or municipalities), for understanding possibilities of action in partnership with international actors and nations. The objective is to analyse the projection of the state and municipalities of Santa Catarina before, during and after the competitions, and how the sports megaevents can promote tourism development and encourage strategic partnerships. To this end, it discusses the relation of sports mega-events to politics and international relations, and possibilities of international projection of nations through soft power. The aim is to also highlight Santa Catarina and cities involved in the sports megaevents and analyse interviews with state managers, municipalities and other actors in Santa Catarina related to sports mega-events as to which objectives seeks to achieve, what image that seeks to project, about how is the international network, which are the priority countries and degree of synergy among stakeholders. Finally, it is still reviewing the possibilities for international partnerships, the importance of public management for results, as well as the focus on tourism projection.
O Brasil está sediando os maiores eventos esportivos globais como a Copa do Mundo da FIFA Brasil 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos Rio 2016, conhecidos como megaeventos esportivos. Ao realizar estas competições se apresentam várias oportunidades e ameaças para os envolvidos, com pontos positivos e negativos. Santa Catarina tem a possibilidade de estar envolvida e atuar nestes eventos e em outros como a Volvo Ocean Race e o GP da FIA de Fórmula 1, recebendo as competições ou as delegações de países de diversos continentes e várias modalidades esportivas. Busca-se assim realizar um estudo dos megaeventos esportivos, particularmente à luz da paradiplomacia (atuação internacional de atores subnacionais como o Estado e/ou municípios), para a compreensão de possibilidades de atuação em parceria com os atores internacionais e nações. Objetiva-se com isso analisar a projeção do Estado e de municípios catarinenses antes, durante e depois das competições, e de que forma os megaeventos esportivos podem favorecer o desenvolvimento do turismo e estimular parcerias estratégicas. Para este fim, problematiza-se a relação dos megaeventos esportivos com a política e as relações internacionais, e as possibilidades de projeção internacional das nações através do soft power. Busca-se também destacar Santa Catarina e as cidades envolvidas com os megaeventos esportivos e analisa-se entrevistas com gestores do Estado, municípios e demais atores catarinenses relacionados aos megaeventos esportivos quanto a quais objetivos busca-se alcançar, qual imagem que se busca projetar, sobre como se dá a articulação internacional, quais países são prioritários e o grau de sinergia entre os envolvidos. Por fim analisa-se ainda as possibilidades de parcerias internacionais, a importância da gestão pública para resultados, bem como o foco na projeção do turismo.
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Banza, Telma Patricia Frade. "Estudos Olímpicos: importância, motivaçõese expectativas dos voluntários nos Jogos Olímpicos do Rio de Janeiro 2016." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/24908.
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O tema escolhido para o presente estudo trata-se da motivação para a realização de trabalho voluntário, particularmente num grandioso evento como é o caso dos Jogos Olímpicos, mais precisamente nos Jogos Olímpicos do RIO16.
Devido ao reduzido número de publicações existentes sobre o tema, o objectivo deste estudo é o de avaliar as motivações para o voluntariado numa amostra de conveniência constituído por 25 241 voluntários. Desta amostra responderam 828 voluntários que participaram efectivamente nos últimos Jogos Olímpicos RIO16.
Este processo foi efetuado através de um questionário inquirindo dados sociodemográficos e características específicas de voluntariado.
Este estudo permitiu articular dois pontos fulcrais do desenvolvimento dos estudos desportivos: os jogos olímpicos e a importância do voluntariado na organização de eventos desportivos de grandes dimensões.
As motivações dos diferentes inquiridos oscilaram entre o altruísmo do auxílio num megaevento e o deslumbramento da participação num evento que envolve os maiores nomes do desporto e um leque de modalidades impossível de contactar em situações comuns; Olympic Studies: Motivations of Volunteers at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro
Abstract: The chosen theme for the present study is the motivation for volunteer work, particular-ly in a major event such as the Olympic Games, more precisely in the Olympic Games of RIO16. Due to the small number of publications on the subject, the objective of this study is to evaluate the motivations for volunteering in a convenience sample of 25,241 volunteers. From this sample it was possible to congregate responses of 828 volunteers that effec-tively took part in the Olympic Games of RIO16. This process was carried through a questionnaire in which were inquired socio demo-graphic data and specific volunteering caracteristics. This study allowed articulating two main points of the development of sports studies: the Olympic Games and the importance of volunteering in the organization of major sport events. The motivations of the respondents oscillated between altruism for a major event sup-port and the enthusiasm to participate in such event that envolves all greatest sports names and a vast number of disciplines that are impossible to make contact on a com-mon situation.
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Terra, Rodrigo Barbosa. "Megaeventos esportivos e políticas públicas: Jogos Pan-Americanos 2007 e suas relações com a Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9465.
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Esta tese tem como questão central investigar de que forma as propostas de legados apresentadas pelos realizadores dos megaeventos esportivos brasileiros Jogos Pan-Americanos de 2007, Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014 e Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016 respondem aos interesses das políticas públicas. Para tanto, os objetivos consistiram em: a) verificar na história recente de três megaeventos esportivos ações de boas práticas ligadas aos possíveis legados dos seguintes eventos: Copa Mundo/2010 África do Sul, Jogos Sul-Americanos/2010 Medellín/Colômbia e Jogos Olímpicos/2012 Londres / Inglaterra; b) verificar, diante dos legados do evento Jogos Pan-Americanos Rio-2007, como se instituíram as relações entre Governo Federal e o órgão de administração nacional do esporte olímpico brasileiro (COB) na definição das ações do evento; c) verificar em que medida se dão as relações entre o atual Governo Federal e os órgãos de administração nacional do esporte (CBF e COB), responsáveis pela organização da Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014 e pelos Jogos Olímpicos do Rio de Janeiro de 2016, no que tange aos possíveis legados a serem deixados pelos referidos eventos, se eles se aproximam ou se afastam dos encontrados nos Jogos Pan-Americanos Rio-2007. O procedimento metodológico utilizado neste estudo foi realizado em quatro fases: a) revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema; b) levantamento e análise de documentos referentes aos eventos estudados; c) realização de sete entrevistas semiestruturadas, que foram gravadas, transcritas e categorizadas; d) categorização e análise dos documentos e das entrevistas levando em consideração os objetivos propostos na pesquisa. Os resultados demonstraram que as ações de boas práticas ligadas aos possíveis legados dos megaeventos verificados na história recente se posicionam no campo dos legados tangíveis para os Jogos de 2010 e 2012 e intangíveis para a Copa do Mundo de 2010. Quanto à relação entre Governo Federal e COB nas tomadas de decisão, com base nos legados, do Pan de 2007, os dados mostram que o processo se baseou em um planejamento frágil, um modelo de governança inadequado e a assinatura tardia da matriz de responsabilidade do evento. Com relação ao desenvolvimento de legados dos eventos de 2014 e 2016, observamos que o de imagem é que aparece de maneira mais relevante na pesquisa. Finalmente, para responder à questão central da presente pesquisa, chegamos à demonstração de que a base das propostas de legados do Pan de 2007 pouco se aproxima dos interesses das políticas públicas. Já para a Copa do Mundo de 2014 e para os Jogos de 2016, as propostas de legados se direcionam para ações que, se bem-executadas, podem de forma direta ou indireta atender os interesses das políticas públicas.The objective of this dissertation was to investigate how the proposals for the legacies presented by Brazilian organizers of sports mega-events Pan American Games 2007, FIFA World Cup 2014 and Olympic Games - Rio 2016 meet the interests of public policies. The objectives of this research were: a) to identify actions of good practices linked to possible legacies of three recent sports mega-events: the FIFA World Cup 2010 South Africa, the South American Games/2010 Medellin / Colombia and the Olympic Games/2012 London/England; b) to verify how the relationship between the Federal Government and the Brazilian Olympic Committee (COB) was devised in order to define the necessary actions for the events related to the legacies of the 2007 Pan American Games; c) to identify the relationship between the Federal Government and the private institutions CBF (the Brazilian Confederation of Soccer) and COB - both of them responsible for the organization of the FIFA World Cup 2014 and the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro 2016; d) to identify and verify how close the possible legacies left (or to be left) by the mentioned events are from those found in the Rio 2007 Pan American Games. Methodological procedures were taken in four stages: a) bibliographical review about the topic; b) analysis of documents related to the investigated events; c) seven semi structured interviews, recorded, transcribed and categorized; d) categorization and analysis of documents and interviews based on the proposed objectives. Results demonstrated that the good practices linked to the possible legacies of the referred sports mega-events in recent history are tangible for the 2010 and 2012 Games and intangible for the FIFA World Cup 2010. In terms of the relationship between the Federal Government and COB, based on the legacies of the 2007 Pan-American Games, data demonstrate that the process was based on weak planning, which caused an inadequate model of management, which resulted in the late agreement on the responsibility matrix. In relation to the development of legacies of the sports mega-events of 2014 and 2016, it was observed that the image of Brazil as a great country seems to be the main legacy to be left. Finally, it is important to mention that the response to the central question of this study is that the proposals for the legacies of the 2007 Pan-American Games did not meet the interests of public policies. As for the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, the proposals for the legacies are directed to actions which, if well executed, might directly or indirectly meet interests of public policies.
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Pauschinger, Dennis. "Global security going local : sport mega event and everyday security dynamics at the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/62549/.
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The global securitisation models associated with contemporary sport mega events are currently promoted as having an extremely positive impact on pre-existing domestic security conditions in host cities. This PhD project critically assesses these claims, using the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympics in Brazil as empirical case studies. The research weaves cultural criminological methods with theoretical approaches from the critical scholarship on mega event security. Drawing upon eight months of ethnographic fieldwork in Rio de Janeiro, this work investigates how globally standardised mega event security models were implemented in the everyday practices of security officials at various positions in the Brazilian security apparatus. Structured in two parts, the thesis sheds light on how these models adapted to Brazil's security conditions, and the extent to which they impacted ordinary police work in Rio de Janeiro. Part I outlines the methodological framework of the research, situates the study within the critical literature on sport mega event security, the wider context of the Brazilian crime complex and the development of Rio's urban conflict. Part II of the thesis concentrates on the data analysis. It investigates how the Brazilian authorities planned the mega event security according to three major principles: the implementation of the Integrated Command and Control System (SICC) to foster cooperation among a diverse field of security institutions; investments in technological solutions, such as camera surveillance and communication systems, materialising in the establishment of Integrated Command and Control Centres (CICC); and finally, the realisation of militarised lock-down security perimeters and ostensive policing strategies to secure the mega event boroughs. This first part of the analysis adopts the view from above and mirrors the planners' vision of Rio de Janeiro as a total security fortress. The following parts of the thesis aim to dismantle this vision of security by contrasting it with the mega event security operation at street level. Presenting distinct examples from the field, this work demonstrates how the fortress ambitions played out in selected spaces, thereby illustrating the fortress' permeability. Working from the perspective of a local civil police station and the lived experience of civil police Special Forces, the thesis argues that the planners' rational mega event security model did not affect the everyday conditions of Rio's urban conflict, where traditional patterns of police work still prevail. Furthermore, it reveals how everyday emotions - frustration, pleasure, and adrenaline rushes - and even Special Forces war narratives upset in practice the static and technology-based mega event security models. Finally, the present work critically examines the officially so-called material (technology, buildings, equipment) and non-material (integration concept) mega event security legacy in Rio de Janeiro. The analysis suggests that, while the event's technological legacy cannot fulfil all of the stated security ambitions, it does leave behind a long-lasting surveillance apparatus that will continue to operate in Rio de Janeiro and reproduces the social-spatial division of the city. The integration ambitions worked temporarily, but failed to materialise at street level, provoking questions as to whether these efforts will continue in the future. The security legacy that this thesis puts forth, however, is one of insecurity. While the mega event security spectacle made specific aspects of security visible, it simultaneously produced insecurity and attempted to make invisible the bloody realities of the city's public security drama. Therefore the analysis concludes that both the mega event security and the politics of public security in Rio de Janeiro make use of a security of camouflage to hide the realities of insecurity that shape the complexities of the lived experiences of police officers and marginalised populations.
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Santos, Rosane Rebeca de Oliveira. "O planejamento da cidade é o planejamento dos jogos? O megaevento olímpico como instrumento de (re)ordenação do território carioca." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-06012014-160038/.
Full textAbstract:
A busca pela realização dos Jogos Olímpicos parece ter conduzido e orientado as principais determinações da política urbana do município do Rio de Janeiro nos últimos anos. Ao finalmente conquistar a oportunidade de sediar o megaevento esportivo, esse tem sido utilizado como instrumento para se colocar em prática e legitimar um processo de (re)ordenação do território, através de grandes intervenções urbanas, com aporte de recursos públicos de todos os níveis governamentais. O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e discutir as propostas territoriais do Plano Olímpico \"Rio 2016\", em primeiro lugar, através da investigação sobre sua relação com os instrumentos de planejamento e política urbana do município - Plano Diretor e Plano Estratégico -, considerando que o mesmo não advém de um processo democrático, não se sabendo nem mesmo onde, quando e por quem foi formulado. Segundo, pela reconstituição do processo que lhe deu origem, por meio de uma análise detida dos documentos oficiais e entrevistas realizadas com atores envolvidos, à luz da conjuntura político-administrativa carioca, na tentativa de identificar os sujeitos e interesses relacionados, principalmente à escolha locacional da Barra da Tijuca como região que concentrará a maior parte das instalações olímpicas e consequentemente dos investimentos. E por fim, abordando as intervenções que estão em andamento, os impactos e conflitos delas decorrentes, bem como as principais alterações já realizadas no Plano Olímpico original, procurando sempre apontar processos através dos quais decisões urbanísticas estruturadoras passam ao largo dos mecanismos formais-institucionais e os efeitos decorrentes deste modelo de ação sobre o território carioca.The bid for Olympic Games have oriented then urban policies the city of Rio de Janeiro in the last 20 years. When finally Rio got the opportunity to host the megaevent, it has been used as an instrument to put in practice and legitimize a process of (re)ordering of the territory through major urban interventions, mobilizing investments of public resources of all levels of government. This work aims to analyze and discuss the \"Rio 2016\" Olympic Plan\'s territorial proposals, focusing its relationship with local instruments of planning and urban policy - Master Plan and Strategic Plan - considering that the proposals did not emerged from a democratic process, being even unknown, when and by whom it was defined. Second, the work also reconstiturs the decision making process, through a careful analysis of official documents and interviews with key actors, in an attempt to identify the subjects and interests related to the locational choice of Barra da Tijuca - the region which will concentrate most of the Olympic facilities and hence investment. Finally, we address the process of implementation of the Olympic plans, its impacts and then conflicts arising from them, as well as major changes already made in the original Olympic Plan, identifying processes by which urban decisions pass by the formal-institutional mechanisms and the effects of this intervention model on the territory of Rio.
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Cometti, Aurelie. "Mega sports event policy in Marseille 1991-2003 the football World Cup and the Americas Cup : a case study of urban governance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7989.
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The aim of this thesis is to provide a theoretically informed account of the decision-making process in mega sports events policy in Marseille. This is intended to allow an evaluation of the major theoretical frameworks developed in the Anglo-Saxon literature on urban governance and their applicability to the French local government context, and more specifically to the context of sports policy in Marseille. Following an analysis of the development of the local political culture of Marseille, the thesis undertakes a review of theoretical frameworks developed in the urban policy literature identifying three major approaches / concepts which have dominated Anglo-Saxon literature, namely the growth coalition (Logan and Molotch 1987), policy network (Rhodes 1981; 1988), and urban regime (Stone 1989) approaches. These theoretical frameworks have been little used in French urban policy literature (Le Gales 1995; 2003) and feature rarely, if at all, in French sports policy literature. In reviewing this literature the thesis identifies a set of indicators, which may be used in empirical contexts to differentiate growth coalitions from policy networks and urban regimes. A major question for the research is thus to what extent Anglo-Saxon theoretical frameworks / concepts can be usefully employed to understand French decision-making and that of Marseille in particular. Subscribing to critical realism, the thesis aims to give an account of the mega sport event phenomena in Marseille, and of the actors' understanding and interpretation (in effect their social construction) of the phenomena. The data collected were documents for the period 1991 - 2003 from official sources (minutes and proceedings of local government and event-related bodies, reports, political speeches, and local government publications), local press coverage, and interviewees conducted with the major decision-makers. An ethnographic content analysis was made, partly employing a deductive approach based on the set of common indicators developed from the review of urban policy, and partly inductively from themes, which emerged in the analysis (Altheide 1996). The thesis concludes that while there is some evidence of the development of policy networks the specificity of the French context, and that of Marseille, with its heavily state-led approach to policy, means that the use of urban regime, and still less of growth coalition approaches, is not warranted by the evidence.
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Chung, Hsien-Yu. "Taiwan’s Public Diplomacy and Mega-event : An Analysis of Foreign News Reports of the World Games 2009 Kaohsiung." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Centrum för studier av politik, kommunikation och medier (CPKM), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-14485.
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This thesis, as a case study, focuses on the perspective of foreign news reports on Taiwan’s first time hosting an international multi-sport event, the World Games 2009 in its biggest port city Kaohsiung. The World Games 2009 Kaohsiung, the significant Olympic type mega-event as to Taiwan, is applied as the approach to public diplomacy and soft power for the purpose of expanding Taiwan’s international space. It is expected to raise publicity and mass media exposure to boost Taiwan’s international profile and spur its tourism industry. From Taiwan’s image-marketing strategy, practices to foreign news reports, it outweighs to study foreign media’s reflection on Taiwan and the World Games 2009 as the important evaluation on the mega-event as a whole. This thesis attempts to answer two research questions: How was the World Games 2009 Kaohsiung reported by the foreign media? Did hosting the World Games improve Taiwan’s image? It presents the results and perspectives of foreign news reports by qualitative methods: case study and discourse analysis of online-English news reports and some quantitative methods applied on data. It combines news reports study with theory, model of public diplomacy, mega-event and expected-model. Within 101 pieces of online-English news found related to the World Games 2009, it unveils fruitful results such as the failure of interpreting the core story (Taiwan’s images and values) by foreign media during the sporting extravaganza, and it echoes Rivenburgh (2004)’s three viewpoints toward the Olympic type event (intercultural challenges, less news about host country’s culture and dramatic news). By the amount of news and the absence of foreign media on the press conference indicates that foreign media did not pay much attention to the World Games and Taiwan. In spite of reporting the sports and games, other major topics of reports were Taiwan’s hosting the event, the greenest solar-powered stadium designed by Japanese, Toyo Ito, Chu Chen’s promotion itinerary to Beijing and China’s absence on the opening and closing ceremony which triggered foreign media’s great concern.
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Li, Xi. "The impact of mega-sporting events on stock markets a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business (MBus), 2007." Abstract. Full dissertation, 2007.
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