Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Megabase'

Exon amplification is a method used to identify regions of DNA that contain transcribed sequences. The large cloning capacity of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) systems and the inability to isolate large intact DNA from YACs introduce limitations to the exon amplification technique. The feasibility of exon amplification from a mega-YAC clone 2001C6 (CEPH) has been analyzed as a means to isolate transcribed sequences and has been used to produce 10 putative exon sequences from human chromosome 17q21. Six of the sequences showed homology to sequences that were previously published in the GenBANK database. Three of the sequences showed no homology, thereby indicating the isolation of putatively novel sequences. The sequences were radiolabeled and used as hybridization probes on a multiple tissue RNA dot blot. This blot contains RNA isolated from 50 human tissues. Clone E5 produced hybridization signals in fetal liver, fetal spleen and placenta. Clone F12 produced hybridization signals in fetal liver, fetal spleen, placenta and bone marrow. Clone G12 produced hybridization signals in all of the RNAs, indicating a pattern of expression similar to that of a housekeeping gene. These findings contribute to the enhancement of a high density transcriptional map within the q21-q22 region of human chromosome 17.

Measurements of overall wing morphology were taken from two species of megabat, Rousettus aegyptiacus and Pteropus rodricensis.  Differences in wing morphological parameters can largely be attributed to differences in flight behaviour and ecology. The cross-sectional geometry of the arm wing bones suggests adaptations to torsional loading as well as bending, or axial, loading during flight. The mechanical properties of the arm wing bones were also investigated using microhardness and cantilever bending techniques. The results were indicative of a low Young’s modulus, perhaps an adaptation to increase resilience and prevent buckling of the elongated bat wing bones during flight. 2D membranous wing profile models were constructed using these morphological parameters and wind tunnel test were used to measure aerodynamic force production at Re = 50 000. High life coefficients (C_Lmax about 2.4) and low L/D ratios (L/D_max about 10.4) were consistent with values obtained from previous studies on membranous wings. The lift and drag curves also suggested the occurrence of leading edge separation and turbulent reattachment at high angles of attack. Smoke flow visualisation studies confirmed this phenomenon. They also indicated that the protruding spanwise spar improved performance at low angles of attack, yet began to interfere with the process of leading edge separation and turbulent reattachment at higher angles of attack. This strongly suggests that bats should tend to hold their wings at low angles of attack during glide and do not achieve the high lift coefficients of which they are capable. The interplay between leading edge flap angle, spar depth and chord-wise spar position is significantly important in regulating flow separation and force production during gliding flight in such a difficult flow regime.

Hydrogen, being the simplest and most abundant element in the Universe, is of fundamental importance to condensed matter sciences. Through advances in high pressure experimental technique, hydrogen (and its isotope deuterium) has been contained and studied using in situ optical spectroscopy to 315 (275 GPa) at 300 K, pressure and temperature conditions previously thought to be inaccessible. At 200 GPa, hydrogen undergoes a phase transformation, attributed to phase III, previously observed only at low temperatures. This is succeeded at 220 GPa by a reversible transformation to a new phase, IV, characterized by the simultaneous appearance of the second vibrational fundamental mode, new low-frequency phonon excitations, and a dramatic softening and broadening of the first vibrational fundamental mode. To impose constraints on the P-T phase diagram, the temperature stability of phase IV is investigated through a series of low temperature experiments, where the phase IV-III transformation is observed. Analysis of the Raman spectra suggests that phase IV is a mixture of graphene-like layers, consisting of elongated H2 dimers experiencing large pairing fluctuations, and unbound H2 molecules. Isotopic comparisons reveal spectral differences between the phase IV-III transition of hydrogen and deuterium, which strongly indicates the presence of proton tunnelling in phase IV. Optical transmission spectra of phase IV reveals an overall increase of absorption and a closing band gap reaching 1.8 eV at 315 GPa. No differences between the isotopes were observed in absorption studies, resulting in identical values for the band gap. Extrapolation of the band gap yields 375 GPa as the minimum transition pressure to a metallic state of hydrogen (deuterium).

Orientadores: Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira, Dario Grattapaglia
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T22:25:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lourenco_RodrigoTristan_M.pdf: 1426914 bytes, checksum: a25b14ff0d793c6c37d821a81cdb379c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: Com o intuito de obter uma visão da estrutura e composição do genoma de Eucalyptus, sequenciou-se aleatoriamente cerca de 10.000 fragmentos de DNA genômico de Eucalyptus grandis obtidos por meio de seqüenciamento por fragmentação randômica de DNA (shotgun) de uma biblioteca genômica, totalizando mais de 3,0 Mb válidos (phred >=20), isto é, cerca de 0,5% do genoma (640 Mpb). Depois de selecionadas quanto ao tamanho e qualidade, estas seqüências foram analisadas em termos do seu conteúdo nucleotídico, presença de regiões repetitivas e número de genes. Para análise do conteúdo de bases guanidílicas e citidílicas (GC) e do conteúdo de seqüências repetitivas utilizou-se o programa RepeatMasker, o qual indicou que as 10 mil seqüências continham, em média, 40,15% de GC. Aproximadamente 1,4% das bases pertenciam a seqüências transponíveis, distribuídas em 310 elementos repetitivos interespersados, dentre os quais 299 eram retroelementos, principalmente LTRs (¿Long Terminal Repeats¿) e apenas 11 eram transposons. Também foram identificados 986 microssatélites e 1.636 seqüências de baixa complexidade. No total, cerca de 5,8% do genoma de Eucalyptus é composto por seqüências repetitivas. Para a identificação de genes putativos presentes, utilizou-se uma estratégia alternativa baseada na comparação deste banco genômico com bancos de ESTs (¿Expressed Sequence Tags¿) de Eucalyptus utilizando o programa GenESTate, nomeando os genes identificados de acordo com o resultado do ¿BLAST¿ (¿Basic Local Alignment Search Tool¿) encontrado para as ESTs. Também comparou-se todas as seqüências genômicas com o banco de dados não-redundante de proteínas do NCBI (¿National Center for Biotechnology Information¿) com o intuito de identificar outros genes. Aproximadamente 44 seqüências similares a ESTs foram identificadas, contabilizando 2% do total de pares de bases analisado. É importante ressaltar a identificação de íntrons e éxons, além de regiões promotoras, a partir desta comparação, visto que estas estruturas não podem ser identificadas em ESTs. Cerca de 166 genes foram identificados a partir da comparação de todas as seqüências com o banco de dados de proteínas do NCBI por meio do protocolo ¿blastx-nr¿. Também foram identificados genes putativos para 16 tRNAs utilizando o programa tRNAscan-SE. Este banco de dados genômicos poderá ser utilizado no âmbito do Projeto Genolytpus para guiar o processo de ancoragem do mapa genético com o mapa físico, no desenvolvimento de novos marcadores do tipo microssatélites e na identificação de regiões promotoras
Abstract: In this work we intended to obtain an overview of the structure and composition of the Eucalyptus genome by sample sequencing 10.000 genomic DNA fragments obtained from a shotgun genomic library from E. grandis, that represents 3,0 Mbp of the E. grandis genome. The reads were filtered by their quality and length (phred value >=20; length >=150) and analyzed for their nucleotide content, repetitive patterns, repetitive elements and gene content. The program RepeatMasker was used to analyze the %GC content and repetitive patterns and elements. The results indicate that on average the Eucalyptus genome is composed of 40.15% of GC. From the total of the bases sequenced approximately 1.4% were located in transposons, distributed in 310 interespersed repetitive genetic elements, among which 299 classified as retroelements, mainly LTRs. We also identified 986 microsatellites and 1636 low complexity sequences. 5.8% of the sequenced bases were located on repetitive sequences. We used an alternative approach to identify putative genes by comparing the genomic sequences with a Eucalyptus ESTs database using the GenESTate software. We attributed putative functions using a pipeline were the éxons of each gene were put togheter and compared with protein domains data banks. This procedure avoids the misleading results obtained when comparing DNA sequences with sequences deposited in GenBank. The sequences were clustered using the CAP3 software, resulting in 766 agrupamentos contíguos and 5428 singletos, the former showing an average of 1200 bp. These 766 agrupamentos contíguos were compared with more than 5,000 E. grandis ESTs from mature leaf tissue and 6,000 E. urophylla ESTs from xylem. From the 766 agrupamentos contíguos we found 44 that showed high similarity to some ESTs. The coding portion of the sequences accounted for around 2% of the total sequences. It is important to highlight that by this approach it was possible to identify íntrons and éxons, beside core promoter regions, which can¿t be identified in the ESTs. Other 166 possible genes were identified among the genomic sequences by using blastx-nr in NCBI. We also identified putative genes responsible for 16 tRNAs using the tRNAscan-SE software. These sequences are being used in the Genolyptus Project for the development of novel randomly distributed microsatellites markers, for the identification of promoter regions and will be used to assist in the development of overgo-probes to be applied in the anchoring of the genetic map to the physical ma
Mestrado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

In the shock physics community there is significant interest in the acquisition of accurate isentropic Equation of State (EOS) data at megabar pressures (i.e., at -50 GPa and above). A relatively new technique, called the Isentropic Compression Experiment or ICE, uses rapidly rising magnetic fields to compress materials to high stresses of the order of 50 GPa and above over a few hundred nanoseconds. This work was first performed on the Z-machine at the Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, NM, USA. Using ICE, the Sandia researchers were able to obtain relatively accurate EOS data at large stresses in a planar geometry.

La Thèse s'articule en deux parties distinctes, autour de l'exploitation des caractéristiques exceptionnelles d'une ligne de lumière d'absorption X en géométrie dispersive dans un synchrotron de troisième génération. La première partie décrit la possibilité d'effectuer des études de spectroscopie d'absorption X résolues en temps avec une résolution temporelle de l'ordre de la microseconde. L'étude de la structure de l'état excité du composé Pt2(P20sH2)44- a été choisi pour mettre au point cette technique. Dans la deuxième partie, l'adéquation entre les possibilités offertes par une ligne d'absorption X en dispersion d'énergie et les expériences à très hautes pressions obtenues dans les cellules à enclumes de diamants est mise en évidence. Outre les développements instrumentaux, cette dernière technique est illustrée par une étude combinée par diffraction et par absorption des rayon X du composé InAs sous pression
This Thesis concerns the development of two different applications of energy-dispersive Xray absorption spectroscopy at the ESRF: time-resolved (TR) studies pu shed to the microsecond time resolution and high-pressure (HP) studies at the limit of the Megabar pressures. The work has been developed in two distinct parts, and the underlying theme has been the exploitation of the capabilities of an X-ray absorption spectrometer in dispersive geometry on a third generation synchrotron source. For TR studies, the study of the triplet excited state following a laser excitation of Ph(P20sH2)44- has been chosen to push the technique to the us time resolution. In the HP part, the suitability of the energy dispersive Xray absorption spectrometer for HP studies using diamond anvils cell is stressed. Sorne technical developments carried out on beamline ID24 are discussed. Finally, the most extensive scientific part concerns a combined X-ray absorption and diffraction study of InAs under pressure

La Thèse s'articule en deux parties distinctes, autour de l'exploitation des caractéristiques exceptionnelles d'une ligne de lumière d'absorption X en géomètrie dispersive dans un synchrotron de troisième génération. La première partie décrit la possibilité d'effectuer des études de spectroscopie d'absorption X résolues en temps avec une résolution temporelle de l'ordre de la microseconde. L'étude de la structure de l'état exité du composé Pt2 (P2 O5 H2)4^4− a été choisi pour mettre au point cette technique. Dans la deuxième partie, l'adéquation entre les possibilités offertes par une ligne d'absorption X en dispersion d'énergie et les expériences à très hautes pressions obtenues dans les cellules à enclumes de diamants est mise en évidence. Outre les développements instrumentaux, cette dernière technique est illustré par une étude combiné par diffraction et par absorption des rayon X du composé InAs sous pression.

Schistosomiasis, a disease of humans caused by helminth parasites of the genus Schistosoma, kills 200 to 500 thousand people annually, endangering over 600 million people world-wide with 200 million people infected in 2003 [1, 2]. Three species of schistosome are primarily responsible for human infections, namely, Schistosoma haematobium, endemic to Africa, India, and the Middle East, S. mansoni, endemic to Africa / South America, and S. japonicum endemic to China and the Philippines [3]. The major pathological effects of schistosomiasis result from the deposition of parasite ova in human tissues and the subsequent intense granulomatous response induced by these eggs. There is a high priority to provide an effective sub-unit vaccine against these schistosome flukes, using proteins encoded by cDNAs expressed by the parasites at critical phases of their development. One technique that may expedite this gene identification is the use of microarrays for expression analysis. A 22,575 feature custom oligonucleotide DNA microarray designed from public domain databases of schistosome ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) was used to explore differential gene expression between the Philippine (SJP) and Chinese (SJC) strains of S. japonicum, and between males and females. It was found that 593, 664 and 426 probes were differentially expressed between the two geographical strains when mix sexed adults, male worms and female worms were compared respectively. Additionally, the study revealed that 1,163 male- and 1,016 female-associated probes were differentially expressed in SJP whereas 1,047 male- and 897 female-associated probes were differentially expressed in SJC [4]. Further to this, a detailed real time PCR expression study was used to explore the differential expression of eight genes of interest throughout the SJC life cycle, which showed that several of the genes were down-regulated in different life cycle stages. The study has greatly expanded previously published data of strain and gender-associated differential expression in S. japonicum. Further, the new data will provide a stepping stone for understanding the complexities of the biology, sexual differentiation, maturation, and development of human schistosomes, signaling new approaches for identifying novel intervention and diagnostic targets against schistosomiasis [4].

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1991.
Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-260).

碩士
國立成功大學
政治經濟研究所碩士在職專班
105
It is a major topic for banks to adapt to digital financial era by understanding customer needs based on digital financial tools, re-examining the core values of financial services, providing appropriate application tools in real time, meeting customer needs, cutting money flows, and maintaining growth. Under the guarantee of transaction safety, the combination of cross-strait electronic finance applications，third-party payment, and RMB settlement platform can make bank boundless, open up diversified operation, create more opportunities for traditional financial industry, increase value-added services, deepen services, and expand channels. The results of this study show that the promotion of cross-strait digital financial business can reach the customers whom could not be contacted in the past, explore potential customers for individual marketing, and provide deeper, two-way, interactive, and real-time services to existing customers. It will be a strategy for traditional financial industry to face the rise of e-commerce and third-party payment by grasping customer needs accurately based on big data analysis. Banks are suggested to integrate core businesses, develop foreign currency settlement platform, combine Internet applications, and provide innovative financial products and services in respect of IT, such as cross-border payment, wealth management, and financing.

ABSTRACT The current study documents the findings from immunohistochemical examination of the brains of microbats and megabats (Chiroptera) using antibodies for cholineacetyltransferase (cholinergic neurons), tyrosine hydroxylase (dopaminergic, adrenergic and noradrenergic neurons), and serotonin (serotonergic neurons). The objective of the study was firstly to describe the anatomical organization and morphology of the neuromodulatory systems (nuclear complement) in both microbats and megabats, as there is no literature on these systems in the brains of chiropterans. Secondly, we aimed to investigate whether or not there are differences in these systems between the two suborders of chiroptera in hopes to shed some light on the phylogeny of the two, which is a controversial subject. The two groups were found to possess clear differences in their respective neuromodulatory nuclear complements. The differences observed between the two groups include a dorsal division of the locus coeruleus (A6d), which was absent in microbats but present in megabats, also the absence of an A4 in microbats but clear presence in megabats, and the parabigeminal (PBg) nucleus that was absent in microbats but clearly visible in megabats. The microbats were found to possess a complement that appeared similar to that of insectivores; whereas megabats had a complement resembling that of primates, carnivores and rodents. The differences found between the two groups suggest a diphyletic origin for the two groups.

In the era of mobile data, there have been many changes regarding human behavior on data consumption. Having abundant or “unlimited” data is becoming more and more common. However, what would happen to the behaviors of people if they were under extreme conditions of data limitations. This study shows the behavioral outcome of the participants of this survey when exposed to limitations regarding data consumption. Some of the most chosen applications in terms of importance when travelling abroad and when staying home were mobility applications, communication, social media, and restaurant search downloads. There exist many different types of research on mobile data but very few highlight the importance of behavioral change and data prioritization. Under the umbrella of mobile data, many different businesses are being disrupted due to the mass interconnectivity of people and differentiated networks. Using real-life data, this study shows us that people do prioritize their applications when exposed to certain data limitations in different scenarios. The outcomes of the survey show us businesses could be affected by mobile data and the pulling of information that participants have. The exposure to limited data further increased this disruption as people only require applications that were necessary and most of these were related to some specific industries such as tourism and gastronomy. This study shows us that people in general, prefer to download information with an average mean of 70.2 megabytes rather than upload information with an average mean of 29.8 with a certain pattern in application prioritization.
Em tempos modernos com o crescimento da importância do mundo digital, tem havido muitas mudanças no comportamento dos utilizadores de dados móveis. Cada vez mais, os consumidores têm acesso a tarifários de dados móveis ilimitados. Porém, o que aconteceria se o uso de dados viesse a ser limitado? Este estudo analisa as mudanças nos comportamentos dos participantes quando confrontados com limitações no tarifário. Parte das aplicações mais importantes para o consumidor são aplicações dos setores da mobilidade, comunicação, redes sociais e pesquisas de restaurantes. Existem diferentes investigações na área dos dados móveis, mas poucas dos mesmas realçam a importância das mudanças no comportamento e na priorização dos dados. Com o crescimento dos dados móveis, múltiplos negócios têm sido perturbados pela interconectividade dos consumidores e pela diferenciação das redes. Através de dados reais, este estudo mostra como as pessoas priorizam as suas aplicações quando expostas a limitações nos dados móveis. Os resultados da nossa pesquisa mostram-nos que, de facto, certos negócios podem ser afetados pelos dados móveis e pela sondagem de informação sujeita aos mesmos. A exposição à limitação de dados continuou a aumentar esta distorção, visto que os consumidores só usaram as aplicações que consideram mais importantes, a maioria dos quais relacionados com indústrias específicas como o turismo e a gastronomia. O estudo concluí que os consumidores no geral preferem ter velocidades de download de 70.2 megabytes por segundo do que velocidades de upload de 29.8 megabytes.

碩士
南華大學
環境管理研究所
96
Year after year, the greenhouse effect incurs the world’s disputation, and the international eco-awareness upswells all over the world, and the opinion of the green-marketing commerce is prospering in the international trade. All these conditions lead the environmental consciousness of the social stratum to ask for higher standard of environmental performance, more obligations of the enterprises. In Taiwan, the financial institution would take the great duty of Green Accounting due to the visually social responsibility and the environmental sustainability. As to play the role of promoter for the economic progress when to stop or go, the bank would pretend to be the moderator. Nobody doubts that the enterprise ought to set up the Green Accounting System to expose the enterprise’ s internal costs of environmental activities, and the bank must take the environmental accounting into account, and subsume the criterions of project-invest of enterprises into the Environmental Credit Risk Assessment(ECRA). 　　 　　This study mainly focuses on estimating the staff’s behaviors of the Megabank concerning the beliefs of environmental sustainability, the behavioral attitude, the subjective normalization, and the perceived behavioral control with the Theory of Planned Behavior(Ajzen, 1989), whish to find the affecting factors of behavioral intension. In the research of social psychology, this study immerges three types of variables into this topics, including personnel’s attitude, subjective normalization and perceived behavior control, to link the Green Accounting into the Bank’s ECRA, and to find that it has a positive relationships among them. 　　 　　It was concluded that about 70.9﹪personnel of the inquired employees of the Megabank thought the green accounting of the enterprises was the most wanted, and 80.1﹪thought the social obligations was the most important. By the regression-analysis, we are finding that the subjective normalization will affect the behavioral attitude, the behavioral attitude and the perceived behavioral control will affect the behavioral intention, and maybe affect the impact of the environmental performance management. The green accounting of the enterprises immerged into ECRA for a financial loan to reach the triple bottom line for the benefit of the bnak, the environmental sustainability and the social responsibilites.

Text in English with abstracts in English and Sesotho
The purpose of this study was to describe the role of Life Orientation (LO) in the development of altruistic behaviour among adolescents aged 14 t0 16 years in one rural school of Limpopo Province. The participants were purposively selected. Most communities struggle to involve adolescents in voluntary activities such as home-based care, cleaning campaigns, conducting study groups, and others, if there are no incentives such as money. The study collected data through semi-structured interviews and the altruism scale questionnaire. The latter is not a psychometric measure but a screening tool that gives a qualitative value that can be analysed. The findings of the study have shown that LO has not yet played a critical role in developing altruism in youth, especially adolescents. Participants having reported lack of perceived seriousness taken by their LO teachers on the topics during LO lessons resulted in their different perspectives and experiences regarding the subject. In addition, altruism has not been included in LO curriculum. Therefore, further investigation of the cause of belief in superstition amongst adolescents and downgrading of LO is important.
Morero wo mogolo wa dinyakišišo tše e be e le go hlalosa karolo ye bohlokwa yeo e bapalago ke Thuto ya Tshedimošo ya Bophelo (Life Orientantion) gore bana bao ba golago ba thoma go tšwa mahlalegading ba hlalefa, ba mengwaga ye lesome-nne leba lesome-tshela ba godišwe le go rutwa mekgwa ye mebotse mo sekolong se sengwe seleteng sa Limpopo, Afrika Borwa. Batšeikarolo dinyakišišong tše ba kgethilwe ka maikemišetšo gore ba ntšhe maikutlo a bona ka moka mabapi le tabakgolo yeo monyakišiši a bego a e nyakišiša. Batho ba bantšhi mo setšhabeng ba palelwa ke go huetša bana bao ba golago mo mešomong ya go ikgafa moo elego gore a go na moputso wa tšhelete. Mediro ye ya boikgafo e akaretša go nea balwetši ditirelo tša kalafo ya ka gae, masolo a go thlwekiša, dihlopha tša go ithuta mmogo, magareng ga tše dingwe. Dinyakišišo tše di šomišitše mokgwa wa seka-dipoledišano go tšea tshedimošo gammogo le sekala sa dipotšišo tša go šomišwa go dira diteko tša go utulla mediro ye mebotse ya Mosamaria wa kgaugelo mo setšhabeng. Maikemišetšo a sekala se sa dipotšišo ga se go dira diteko tša monagano, eupša ke sefetleki sa go dirišwa go tšea tshedimošo le go seka-seka maikutlo mabapi le gore batšeikarolo ba ikwa bjang ka tiragalo ye itšeng yeo e nyakišišwago (e sego go seka-seka dipalopalo). Dipoelo tša dinyakišišo tše di laetša gore Thuto ya Tshedimošo ya Bophelo ga e sešo ya fihlelela morero wa go aga mekgwa ya botho mo bathong ba baswa. Batšeikarolo ba nyamišitšwe ke ka mokgwa woo barutiši ba thuto ye ba se nago maikemišetšo ka gona mabapi le go ruta thuto ye ka mafolofolo. Se se ile sa ba le khuetšo ye mpe go barutwana moo bailego ba hlokomologa thuto ye ka go se e tšeele hlogong gomme ba e bona ka leihlo le šele. Godimo ga moo, thuto ya go kwela batho bohloko le go ba hlankela ga se ya akaretšwa mo thutong Tshedimošo ya Bophelo. Bjalo go nyakega dinyakišišo mo go tumelo ya dinonwane magareng ga baswa bao ba golago le go nyenyefašwa ga Thuto ye ya Tshedimošo ya Bophelo.
Educational Studies
M. Ed. (Specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)