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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Megacities'
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1
Tobias, Justin Charles 1980. "Megacities : sustainability, transport, and economic development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31140.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-160).
The connections between sustainability, transport, and economic development are and will remain essential in the governance of cities. Sustainability concepts include valuing and preserving the earth's resources so that future generations can enjoy their benefits. It requires changing human behavior and practices to be more efficient and less damaging to the environment, especially with the current rates of population growth and urban concentration. In addition, there is the element of social equity in which investments should secure benefits for all classes of society, not just the affluent. These concepts are particularly applicable in transportation systems, because they have been neglected in the traditional quantitative approaches to planning and investment. Of course, policies defining transportation and those enacted for sustainability impact economic development, which is a chief priority of governments. Therefore, future success in urban areas lies in balancing an array of interests and adopting the most comprehensively advantageous policies. This study will demonstrate the need for rethinking traditional urban transportation development strategies. It will detail the problems associated with urban transport that infringe on environmental conditions and human quality of life. This paper will explain approaches to transportation that can lead to improvements in the negative corollaries currently experienced. It will also present policy measures and tools that can be implemented. This research paper will provide information for city officials and planners to better understand the implications of transportation policies and the options available for governance.
(cont.) These decisions are becoming more critical as urban growth leads to large metropolitan regions with incredible transportation demands. More optimistically, the challenges facing society from transport can be overcome through commitment to better policies and the strengthening of institutions that oversee them.
by Justin Charles Tobias.
S.M.
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LeBlanc, Jessica Elise 1975. "The climate change debate and its implications for megacities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46266.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Technology and Policy Program, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-91).
by Jessica Elise LeBlanc.
S.M.
3
au, s. talukder@murdoch edu, and Sirajul Haq Talukder. "Managing megacities : a case study of metroplitan regional governance for Dhaka." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070508.145238.
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Megacities of over 10 million population are a phenomenon not seen before in human
history. Among 19 Megacities, 14 are in developing countries and 11 are in Asia. Dhaka
represents one of the most extreme examples of rapid Megacity growth having a mere
129,000 at the start of the 20th century, 417,000 by 1950 and more than 12 million in
2001.
How can a city be governed that has increased 30 times in size over a persons lifetime?
This thesis makes a case for integrated Metropolitan Regional Governance (MRG) of the
Extended Metropolitan Region of Dhaka.
The growing problems of Asian Megacities in general and Dhaka in particular are
outlined, showing how governance has developed in a sectoral and national way rather
than being place oriented. This has fractured and become totally inadequate as a means
of solving the deep environmental, social and economic problems of the Megacity.
The governance issues of Megacities are traced to the primary problem of the need for
integrative functions in strategic and statutory planning as well as development
facilitation of the Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR). Ten core principles of
Metropolitan Regional Governance are established. Without this, the Megacitys
functions of infrastructure, investment, housing, environmental management,
employment etc. are not coordinated or prioritised in ways that lead to common good
sustainability outcomes.
The ten principles are applied to four Asian Megacities Metro-Manila, Tokyo, Bangkok
and Jakarta to confirm their relevance and application before applying them to Dhaka.
The problems of Dhaka are outlined then an analysis of Dhaka governance options is
attempted based on the ten core principles of MRG. Four possibilities are analysed and
a way forward is suggested combining the options.
The proposed structure will build on the present system with greater responsibilities for
strategic planning, statutory planning and development facilitation. It will also build up
municipalities through a more transparent and engaged local planning process and create
partnerships for infrastructure development.
The proposed governance structure would use the dynamism of the Megacity to create
sustainable solutions and hope for the future of the city. The key to implementation will
be finding the political solution to make such painful change, and training professionals
in the broad integrative skills of urban sustainability and community engagement that are
required for the region as well as the participation and partnership skills at local level.
4
Stock, Zadie Stevy. "Modelling the impact of megacities in a global chemistry-climate model." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648380.
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Talukder, Sirajul Haq. "Managing megacities: a case study of metroplitan regional governance for Dhaka." Thesis, Talukder, Sirajul Haq (2006) Managing megacities: a case study of metroplitan regional governance for Dhaka. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/330/.
Full textAbstract:
Megacities of over 10 million population are a phenomenon not seen before in human history. Among 19 Megacities, 14 are in developing countries and 11 are in Asia. Dhaka represents one of the most extreme examples of rapid Megacity growth having a mere 129,000 at the start of the 20th century, 417,000 by 1950 and more than 12 million in 2001.
How can a city be governed that has increased 30 times in size over a person?s lifetime? This thesis makes a case for integrated Metropolitan Regional Governance (MRG) of the Extended Metropolitan Region of Dhaka.
The growing problems of Asian Megacities in general and Dhaka in particular are outlined, showing how governance has developed in a sectoral and national way rather than being place oriented. This has fractured and become totally inadequate as a means of solving the deep environmental, social and economic problems of the Megacity.
The governance issues of Megacities are traced to the primary problem of the need for integrative functions in strategic and statutory planning as well as development facilitation of the Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR). Ten core principles of Metropolitan Regional Governance are established. Without this, the Megacity's functions of infrastructure, investment, housing, environmental management, employment etc. are not coordinated or prioritised in ways that lead to 'common good' sustainability outcomes.
The ten principles are applied to four Asian Megacities - Metro-Manila, Tokyo, Bangkok and Jakarta - to confirm their relevance and application before applying them to Dhaka.
The problems of Dhaka are outlined then an analysis of Dhaka governance options is attempted based on the ten core principles of MRG. Four possibilities are analysed and a way forward is suggested combining the options.
The proposed structure will build on the present system with greater responsibilities for strategic planning, statutory planning and development facilitation. It will also build up municipalities through a more transparent and engaged local planning process and create partnerships for infrastructure development.
The proposed governance structure would use the dynamism of the Megacity to create sustainable solutions and hope for the future of the city. The key to implementation will be finding the political solution to make such painful change, and training professionals in the broad integrative skills of urban sustainability and community engagement that are required for the region as well as the participation and partnership skills at local level.
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Talukder, Sirajul Haq. "Managing megacities : a case study of metroplitan regional governance for Dhaka /." Talukder, Sirajul Haq (2006) Managing megacities: a case study of metroplitan regional governance for Dhaka. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/330/.
Full textAbstract:
Megacities of over 10 million population are a phenomenon not seen before in human history. Among 19 Megacities, 14 are in developing countries and 11 are in Asia. Dhaka represents one of the most extreme examples of rapid Megacity growth having a mere 129,000 at the start of the 20th century, 417,000 by 1950 and more than 12 million in 2001.
How can a city be governed that has increased 30 times in size over a person?s lifetime? This thesis makes a case for integrated Metropolitan Regional Governance (MRG) of the Extended Metropolitan Region of Dhaka.
The growing problems of Asian Megacities in general and Dhaka in particular are outlined, showing how governance has developed in a sectoral and national way rather than being place oriented. This has fractured and become totally inadequate as a means of solving the deep environmental, social and economic problems of the Megacity.
The governance issues of Megacities are traced to the primary problem of the need for integrative functions in strategic and statutory planning as well as development facilitation of the Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR). Ten core principles of Metropolitan Regional Governance are established. Without this, the Megacity's functions of infrastructure, investment, housing, environmental management, employment etc. are not coordinated or prioritised in ways that lead to 'common good' sustainability outcomes.
The ten principles are applied to four Asian Megacities - Metro-Manila, Tokyo, Bangkok and Jakarta - to confirm their relevance and application before applying them to Dhaka.
The problems of Dhaka are outlined then an analysis of Dhaka governance options is attempted based on the ten core principles of MRG. Four possibilities are analysed and a way forward is suggested combining the options.
The proposed structure will build on the present system with greater responsibilities for strategic planning, statutory planning and development facilitation. It will also build up municipalities through a more transparent and engaged local planning process and create partnerships for infrastructure development.
The proposed governance structure would use the dynamism of the Megacity to create sustainable solutions and hope for the future of the city. The key to implementation will be finding the political solution to make such painful change, and training professionals in the broad integrative skills of urban sustainability and community engagement that are required for the region as well as the participation and partnership skills at local level.
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Jahn, Heiko J. [Verfasser]. "Social and environmental dimensions of urban health in Chinese megacities / Heiko J. Jahn." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053467516/34.
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Bobrinskaya, Maria. "Remote Sensing for Analysis of Relationships between Land Cover and Land Surface Temperature in Ten Megacities." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121277.
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Urbanization is one of the most significant phenomena of the anthropogenic influence on the Earth’s environment. One of the principal results of the urbanization is the creation of megacities, with their local climate and high impact on the surrounding area. The design and evolution of an urban area leads to higher absorption of solar radiation and heat storage in which is the foundation of the urban heat island phenomenon. Remote sensing data is a valuable source of information for urban climatology studies. The main objective of this thesis research is to examine the relationship between land use and land cover types and corresponding land surface temperature, as well as the urban heat island effect and changes in these factors over a 10 year period. 10 megacities around the world where included in this study namely Beijing (China), Delhi (India), Dhaka (Bangladesh), Los Angeles (USA), London (UK), Mexico City (Mexico), Moscow (Russia), New York City (USA), Sao Paulo (Brazil) and Tokyo (Japan). Landsat satellite data were used to extract land use/land cover information and their changes for the abovementioned cities. Land surface temperature was retrieved from Landsat thermal images. The relationship between land surface temperature and landuse/land-cover classes, as well as the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) was analyzed. The results indicate that land surface temperature can be related to land use/land cover classes in most cases. Vegetated and undisturbed natural areas enjoy lower surface temperature, than developed urban areas with little vegetation. However, the cities show different trends, both in terms of the size and spatial distribution of urban heat island. Also, megacities from developed countries tend to grow at a slower pace and thus face less urban heat island effects than megacities in developing countries.
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Losacco, Andrea Mathias. "Mortalidade por tuberculose no município de São Paulo nos anos censitários de 1980, 1991, 2000 e 2010." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-09092011-162218/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença grave, porém curável em praticamente 100 por cento dos casos novos, desde que os princípios da quimioterapia sejam seguidos. Porém, ainda determina elevadas taxas de morbimortalidade no município de São Paulo. OBJETIVOS: Descrever os casos de óbito por tuberculose no município de São Paulo, segundo causas básicas nos anos censitários de 1980, 1991, 2000 e 2010. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo que analisou a mortalidade por TB como causa básica, utilizando os dados do PRO-AIM, e da Fundação SEADE. RESULTADOS: Houve redução inconstante do número e da taxa de mortalidade por TB ao longo do período estudado, de 5,9 em 1980 para 2,8 por 100 mil habitantes, em 2010. Foi observada redução acentuada da mortalidade de 1980 até 1985, quando houve reversão desta tendência tornando-se crescente até 1996, quando declina novamente. Houve predomínio três vezes superior dos óbitos masculinos. A faixa etária mais atingida pelos óbitos por tuberculose no MSP foi a dos 60 anos e + de idade. Quanto à forma clínica, predominaram os óbitos por TB pulmonar (83,9 por cento ) seguidos pela TB miliar (10,4 por cento ). Foi observada importante influência da ampla cobertura da vacina BCG no MSP na redução dos óbitos por TB meníngea nos menores de 4 anos de idade. A melhor evolução quanto à mortalidade por TB foi na Zona Norte do município, sendo a Zona Leste, a região que apresentou nos quatro anos estudados, aumento proporcional dos óbitos por tuberculose no MSP, apesar da redução dos coeficientes de mortalidade encontrados em todas as regiões do município. CONCLUSÃO: A terceira idade deve ser privilegiada quanto às ações do PCT no MSP. Identificar áreas com diferentes coeficientes de mortalidade por tuberculose no MSP permite ao PCT priorizar estas diferentes regiões, dando especial atenção à região Leste. Dada a conhecida associação entre TB/HIV, a influência da epidemia de Aids reflete indiretamente nas tendências de mortalidade de tuberculoseINTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious disease, is curable in virtually 100 per cent of new cases, provided that the principles of chemotherapy are followed. However, still determines high rates of morbidity and mortality in São Paulo city (SPC). METHODS: Descriptive study of tuberculosis as underlying cause of death based on secondary data from the São Paulo City Information Mortality System (PRO-AIM), and the Foundation System State Information from São Paulo Brazil (SEADE). RESULTS: An fluctuating reduction of tuberculosis death numbers and mortality rates during the study period, from 5,9 in 1980 to 2,8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2010, was observed. An accelerated reduction in mortality trend was seen from 1980 until 1985, when there was a reversal of the trend that became increasingly growing and so staying until 1996, when it declines again. Three fold male deaths predominated during the period. The 60 years old and above age group was the most affected by TB deaths in the MSP. Regarding the clinical form, the deaths by pulmonary TB (83.9 per cent ) followed by miliary TB (10.4 per cent ) predominated. A significant influence of coverage of BCG vaccine in São Paulo city in reducing deaths due to TB meningitis in children under 4 years old was observed. The best evolution in terms of TB mortality was seen in northern SPC. The eastern presented a proportional increase in tuberculosis deaths in SPC in the four years studied, despite the reduction of mortality rates found in all regions of the city. CONCLUSIONS: The elderly group should be favored by the actions of the SPC Tuberculosis Control Program. The identification of areas with different TB mortality rates in the city of São Paulo allows the TBCT to prioritize these different regions. Given the well-known association between TB/HIV co-infection, the impact of Aids epidemic indirectly affects TB mortality trends
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Tsutsui, Kirara. "Rethinking Livability in Megacities: Applications of Jane Jacobs’ Theories on Tokyo and Los Angeles." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2020. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/216.
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This senior thesis in Environmental Analysis compares critical infrastructure pieces in Tokyo and Los Angeles, on three discrete levels, with a particular focus on the pedestrian experience. As global population grows, with more people projected to live in urban cities more than ever, it is critical that we re-evaluate how we think about and “do” city-planning. Following Jane Jacobs’ theoretical framework, this thesis dissects what urban greenspaces, city neighborhoods, and sidewalks look like in LA and Tokyo. It analyzes, for each proxy, how two of the world’s most “developed” and largest cities have developed into the current landscape. Historical, cultural, economic, and political legacies matter, and a comprehensive evaluation of the three proxies in context of these legacies are recommended for more pedestrian-friendly city planning in rising metropolises.
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Kiepsch, Matthias. "Sustainable urban transport approaches for Brazilian megacities – the examples of Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-187228.
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In Brazil, the use of private motorized vehicles has dramatically increased in recent decades, while public transportation is marked by a weak performance, and pedestrians and cyclists cope with a poor infrastructure design. Thus, suitable approaches are required to tackle current transport problems of Brazilian megacities. In view of the World Cup 2014 and the Olympic Games 2016, the megacity Rio de Janeiro is undergoing significant changes which offers a unique opportunity to ease the current situation and achieve an integrated sustainable urban transport concept.
Therefore, this Diploma thesis creates an overview on the current transport situation in large Brazilian cities, in particular for Rio de Janeiro; provides integrated and sustainable approaches to tackle transport problems of Rio de Janeiro; analyzes the transferability of infrastructure measures between Curitiba and Rio de Janeiro; and examines the impact of the upcoming sports events.
First, a literature review focuses on the transport situation in Brazil and Rio de Janei ro and explains Curitiba's unique approaches. Second, an audio-based qualitative content analysis of seven expert interviews with stakeholders in urban- and transportation planning gives a concise insight into the current transport situation. Third, a synthesis of both the literature review and the output of the expert interviews provide recommendations for decision makers, researchers and international organizations.
In order to initiate a sustainable development of the megacity Rio de Janeiro, urban- and transportation planning must be interconnected with each other, a transport association has to be created to design and manage a metropolitan public transport network, and it is imperative to reorganize the local bus system. Furthermore, non-motorized transportation modes should be promoted by designing streets based on sidewalk policies and building a bicycle network in regard to the local demands. In addition, Curitiba's most important lesson for Rio de Janeiro is the interconnection of
high density areas with mobility corridors. However, the megacity will not be able to achieve an integrated sustainable urban transport concept by the sports events.
In conclusion, future transport measures have to focus on the middle class, while ensuring a needs-oriented mobility for all social classes. Decision makers should concentrate on the three "I's" – Information, Integration and Inclusion – to enable real transport mode choices, facilitate sound and seamless travel, and attract more people towards ecomobile transportation modes. Eventually, a paradigm shift towards ecomobility is needed in order to enable a sustainable urban transportation concept for today's and future generations.
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Spangenberg, Jörg [Verfasser], and Guerra Max [Akademischer Betreuer] Welch. "Nature in Megacities: São Paulo/Brazil - A Case Study / Jörg Spangenberg ; Betreuer: Max Welch Guerra." Weimar : Professur Raumplanung und Raumforschung, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1115342371/34.
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Thundiyil, Karen A. 1976. "Rising temperatures and expanding megacities : improving air quality in Mexico City through Urban Heat Island mitigation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29946.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-60).
Mexico City exists as a city space pushed and pulled in multiple directions. Different scales and levels of spatial reference and planning have come together to produce a dynamic and contradictory place united by the identity of Mexico City. Unfortunately, the city faces a regional environmental dilemma stemming from its chronic air pollution problem. Many steps have been taken to reduce air pollution in the city and this study examines an additional air quality improvement strategy that has been implemented in other megacities. Singapore and Tokyo have supplemented their air pollution reduction programs with Urban Heat Island (UHI) mitigation plans. Across the globe, cities experience a phenomenon called the UHI effect where urban areas are several degrees warmer than neighboring suburban or rural areas. A cycle of consuming more energy for cooling purposes adds to greenhouse gas production from the additional power generation and then feeds back to the system with yet higher temperatures in the city. In addition, higher ambient temperatures help speed the formation of smog. This study examines what Tokyo and Singapore have done in terms of an UHI mitigation plan, analyzes what can be done to reduce the UHI effects in Mexico City to improve air quality and quantifies the effects of potential physical changes. Modest surface changes are modeled and predicted to reduce average temperature by more than a full Fahrenheit degree. A decrease in surface temperature can slow the formation of smog and can help mitigate the impacts of the Urban Heat Island effect.
by Karen A. Thundiyil.
M.C.P.
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Misra, Sukanya. "Exploring the Relationship of Urban Density and Human Security: Studying Asian Megacities of Mumbai,Ahmedabad and Tokyo." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/192183.
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Silva, Sam, and A. Arellano. "Characterizing Regional-Scale Combustion Using Satellite Retrievals of CO, NO2 and CO2." MDPI AG, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625469.
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We present joint analyses of satellite-observed combustion products to examine bulk characteristics of combustion in megacities and fire regions. We use retrievals of CO, NO2 and CO2 from NASA/Terra Measurement of Pollution In The Troposphere, NASA/Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument, and JAXA Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite to estimate atmospheric enhancements of these co-emitted species based on their spatiotemporal variability (spread, sigma) within 14 regions dominated by combustion emissions. We find that patterns in sigma(XCO)/sigma(XCO2) and sigma(XCO)/sigma(XNO2) are able to distinguish between combustion types across the globe. These patterns show distinct groupings for biomass burning and the developing/developed status of a region that are not well represented in global emissions inventories. We show here that such multi-species analyses can provide constraints on emission inventories, and be useful in monitoring trends and understanding regional-scale combustion.
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Shaiganfar, Reza [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Platt. "Estimation of NOx Emissions from megacities using mobile MAX-DOAS and satellite observations / Reza Shaiganfar ; Betreuer: Ulrich Platt." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1177147963/34.
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Roth, Lars Christian. "An Economic Approach to Transportation and Urban Development in Metro Manila." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-720.
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High population growth rate in Metro Manila has a direct effect on the intensity of urbanisation and development in the region and population is expected to reach 13 million by the year 2015. Urban congestion is one of the region's most pressing problems as air pollution has a major impact on public health and particularly affects children and the elderly. This study will give a broad description of transportation and urban development in Metro manila and thus contribute to improve the understanding of urban transport issues of developing countries.
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Hassan, Ahmed Abdelhalim [Verfasser], and Tillmann [Akademischer Betreuer] Buttschardt. "Understanding spatial growth and resilience of megacities based on the DPSIR conceptual model / Ahmed Abdelhalim Hassan ; Betreuer: Tillmann Buttschardt." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1138285307/34.
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Du, Wanyi. "Geely Sooyun." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-183907.
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Part of the inspiration for this project is the excellent development and changes of Shanghai, where the author lives. At present, urbanization is more and more serious, and the urban population density continues to increase. To deal with this kind of phenomenon, the infrastructure and transportation of the city should be developed continuously. Think about 40 years from now. The city will be in an unpredictable state.Unquestionably, at that moment, single ground traffic is far from handling the traffic load of the entire city. This thought is evident when the author stands on the Oriental Pearl Tower. She saw skyscrapers are landing everywhere. How will people walk through skyscrapers in the future? What should be the embodiment of their traffic freedom? Concept-wise, the author hopes to encourage people to think more boldly about thepossibility of flying. The author speculates the development direction of the future city based on the early research. Then use it as the background to explore the user demands. It is a process of repeatedly investigating the development, including collecting information, identifying target users, brainstorming, sketching, modeling and rendering, etc. These steps are often alternated due to some feedback or new inspiration. The result of the project is a city air taxi, Geely Sooyun. This concept is mainly aimed at business tourists in Shanghai. In current years, the population of business travelers is increasing. However, the time wasted in traffic jams is a real pain for these groups. Geely Sooyun provides a more pleasant and meaningful trip by uninterrupted and efficient transportation between buildings.
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Kaushik, Nandini. "Defining Emptiness: The Emerging Essence of a Void in an Urban Fabric." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin162316820881709.
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Filipe, Rodrigo Sequeira Dias. "Casas de um planeta pequeno. Projectar no informal. O caso de Dhaka, Karail Slum." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4698.
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Galitsky, Joshua. "Paving the Mega Cities : Dynapac Red Carpet." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen Designhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-67503.
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While the design and the technology behind the vehicles we drive has gone a long way, the main principle in which we construct our roads today, the materials and the machinery we use to do it has hardly changed for the last 40 years.This project takes a fresh look at an industry that has remained stagnant for several decades. Looking into a future in which large Mega-Cities will develop, the aim of this project will be to develop a new solution for constructing and maintaining the transport arteries in those cities. This project was performed in collaboration with Dynapac, a leading manufacturer of road construction equipment, with supporting feedback from NCC roads, the Scandinavian road construction group.
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Mejía-Dugand, Santiago. "Diffusion of Environmental Technology in a Megacity - A case study of Mexico City." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-88401.
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In a world recently declared urban, each day technology plays a more important role in society. A majority of people seem to believe in technology not only for solving everyday problems and for supporting the current production and economic systems, but also for the redress of environmental problems that are caused to a large extent by the same technology that has driven society to the current standards. In this direction, megacities (i.e. cities with more than ten million inhabitants) represent a valuable example of both the problems caused by high urbanization rates and the possibility of solving them using technology. However, the mere development of technology does not guarantee its immediate adoption and successful implementation by a given society. In this thesis, one of the largest megacities in the world (i.e. in terms of population) was chosen as a case study for the analysis of the adoption and diffusion of environmental technology. Mexico City is studied through a set of interviews with local stakeholders from academia, government, industry and other external organizations such as non-profit organizations and international institutions. This approach resulted in the identification of different obstacles to the adoption and implementation of technologies, but also led to a successful case of technology adoption that allowed for the understanding of important traits that facilitated not only such adoption, but also the subsequent diffusion and spread to other cities. Although the thesis has a strong focus on the demand side (in this case Mexico City), the supply side (in this case the Swedish environmental technology sector) is also considered and analyzed. By using statistical data of common enterprise and economic nature, the composition of the sector was described and analyzed with the intention to identify important areas and behavioral traits that could give insight into the hindrances that the sector faces when exporting its offerings. Given the interest that the Swedish government has put in the sector for contributing to the country’s economic growth, the different studies commissioned for the assessment of the sector are also discussed in this thesis. The different conclusions and suggestions made by the different agencies entrusted with this task are shown and analyzed. Conclusions are drawn regarding the need for designing strategies that consider local conditions, that are flexible and adaptive to a highly dynamic environment and that pay particular attention to the development of strong demonstration projects that facilitate overcoming the distrust normally created when new technologies are introduced in a society.Megatech
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Ast, Eric. "The state of long-term climate action planning in megacities : Planning and demographic trends among 17 of the world’s leading cities aiming to reduce emissions by 80% by the year 2050." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-163154.
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This report reviews the current state of long-term climate action planning in 17 cities which have publicly communicated carbon reducttargets in line with the IPCC recommended 80% reduction by 2050 (80x50) for stabilizing the impacts of climate change at 2°C. The aim of this report is to provide a foundation of support for cities in achieving their deep carbon reduction goals through a comprehensive understanding of leading climate action plans and the context under which they were created, including current city emissions and demographic data, climate plan reduction strategies and targets, and feedback on plan creation and needs from city planning staff. By achieving this aim, cities are in a better position to understand where their plans fit in the global context and connect with other cities around common issues, research institutions have a new benchmark analysis of leading action plans to build further research upon, and city-level climate action organizations have a clearer idea of how to focus efforts in helping cities achieve carbon reduction goals. This aim is achieved through the application of a framework for comparing city plans and targets, an analysis of current city emissions and demographic data, and synthesis of key findings from city planning staff discussions. Key findings show no clear demographic and environmental biases exist within these 17 cities, indicating long-term climate action planning can be undertaken by cities across the full spectrum of size, climate, and current per capita emissions output, though regional geographic and development bias exists. Plans for carbon reduction are highly concentrated among a small number of actions, indicating the movement has coalesced around a standard set of strategies for achieving deep carbon reductions. Finally, the relative newness of plans, with the majority less than 5 years old, and the lack of commonality among cities in emissions methodology and communication of reduction strategies, shifts a short-term focus towards standardization methodologies which enable deeper comparison between cities and plans.
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Ferreira, Frédéric Gonçalves. "Habitar no inabitável. Casas para um planeta pequeno; Cemitério de Navotas, Manila." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6822.
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Gómez, Jáuregui Abdó Juan Pablo [Verfasser], Konrad [Akademischer Betreuer] Thürmer, and Albrecht [Akademischer Betreuer] Gnauck. "Sustainable development of domestic water supply in emerging megacities : the case of the city of Guadalajara, Mexico / Juan Pablo Gómez Jáuregui Abdó ; Konrad Thürmer, Albrecht Gnauck." Cottbus : BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1114284130/34.
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Sunarharum, Tri Mulyani. "Collaborative planning for disaster resilience: the role of community engagement for flood risk management." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/101560/1/Tri%20Mulyani_Sunarharum_Thesis.pdf.
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Rapid urbanisation, fragmented governance and recurrent flooding complicates resolution of DKI Jakarta’s chronic housing shortage. The purpose of this thesis is to re-frame planning decision-making through collaborative approach to address risks of flooding and to increase community resilience. This thesis found that in spite of strong policy frameworks underlying flood risk management strategies, there are opportunities for improvement of collaboration mechanisms in decision-making processes and in implementation of plans to strengthen disaster resilience. It also potentially widens participation in dialogues regarding the effectiveness of policies and plans for flood risk management in Indonesia and across equatorial mega-cities facing similar challenges.
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Oliveira, Lilian Regina Machado de. "Cidade concentrada: compactação urbana na escala da megacidade." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2009. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2639.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-05This work is about the population and geographical growth of the cities in general, in a context of exhaustion of the natural resources in our Planet. It considers some of the works of the Dutch office of architecture MVRDV, showing their work style, and displays a general view of the megacities of our time, with special attention to the city of São Paulo.
Este trabalho tem como tema o crescimento demográfico e geográfico das cidades frente ao esgotamento dos recursos naturais do Planeta. Aborda algumas produções do escritório holandês MVRDV, mostrando seu processo de trabalho e traça um panorama das megacidades da atualidade, com ênfase especial na megacidade de São Paulo.
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Siour, Guillaume. "Modélisation et évaluation de l’impact multi-échelles des mégapoles européennes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1034/document.
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La très forte croissance de la population mondiale recensée au siècle dernier s'est accompagnée d'une migration des populations vers les zones urbanisées, créant en quelques décennies et sur tous les continents de véritables mégapoles dont la population excède - pour 50 d'entre elles - 7 millions d'habitants. Mais la population de ces villes a très souvent augmenté trop rapidement pour que les infrastructures existantes (réseaux routiers, transports en communs...) puissent le supporter : la prise en charge des problèmes environnementaux (qualité de l'air, gestion des déchets et des ressources...) y reste donc un vrai défi. En parallèle, les observations comme les modèles numériques relèvent la nécessité de gérer conjointement la problématique de la pollution locale dans les grandes villes et les politiques climatiques, via la prise en compte des transferts de polluants depuis l'échelle locale jusqu'à l'échelle globale. La tendance croissante des concentrations de fond en ozone sur l'Europe - et qui pose un également un problème de gestion du climat - serait ainsi en grande partie dépendante de l'augmentation des émissions des grandes villes de l'hémisphère Nord en croissance économique rapide (Monks et al., 2009).Que connaît-on de l'impact réel de ces mégapoles sur la qualité de l'air ? Peu de choses. Les travaux de recherche visant à comprendre les déterminants de la pollution oxydante ont jusqu'à présent principalement ciblé les échelles locale et régionale. Et si les interactions entre mégapoles et échelle globale ont fait l'objet de plusieurs études (Wild et Akimoto, 2001; Stohl tt al., 2002; Lawrence et al., 2003, 2007) de modélisation, il existe peu de travaux centrés sur les interactions des mégapoles avec leur environnement continental. Mes travaux de thèse se sont donc attachés à caractériser ces impacts à l'aide de la modélisation eulérienne. Mes principaux questionnements ont reposé sur la nature, l'ampleur, la portée, l'impact direct et indirect et enfin la variabilité des flux de polluants exportés par les mégapoles européennes. Mais je me suis également intéressé à la nature même de ces grands centres émetteurs, en me posant la question de la sensibilité de leurs impacts à leur structure urbaine (dense ou étalée). Le développement de nouvelles fonctionnalités dans le modèle, ainsi que son adaptation à des questionnements spécifiques (calcul de flux, nouveau schéma chimique, test d'une version dédiée à l'étude des interactions d'échelles) se sont révélés nécessaires pour apporter des réponses à mes questionnementsThe important increase in worldwide population identified during the last century led to a human migration toward urban areas. As a consequence, 50 high populated areas called megacities, reaching more than 7 millions of people, appeared in the last decades. This huge increase happened so fast that existing infrastructures (such as roads network, public transport) is not suitable anymore. Taking into account environmental issues (air quality, supply and waste management) in this context is then a real challenge. In the meantime, observations and numerical models highlight the need to deal with local pollution in megacities as well as climate policy, through the consideration of pollutants transfer from local scale to global scale. The increase of ozone background in Europe, which also is a climate issue, could depend of the increase of the megacities emissions in the north hemisphere, due to the economical development (Monks et al., 2009).What do we know of the megacities real impact on air quality? Scientific studies aiming to understand the key parameters of oxidizing pollution have mainly focus on the local and regional scales. Interactions between megacities and global scale have been the subject of many modelling studies (Wild et Akimoto, 2001; Stohl et al., 2002; Lawrence et al., 2003, 2007). However, there are still few works concerning interactions between megacities and their continental environment. My thesis works were then aiming at identifying theses impacts using eulerian modelling. My main interrogations concerned the nature, the magnitude, the scope, direct and indirect impact, and finally the pollutants exported by European megacities flux variations. In addition, I also investigated the nature of these high emission areas, through the sensitivity of the urban structure on their impacts (compact or spread cities). New tools developments in the model (flux calculation, new chemical scheme, implementation of an upgraded tool dedicated to scales interaction) were necessary to answer the problematic
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Altieri, Marcelo. "Macroeconomic analysis of public transport competitiveness in megacities." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/85540.
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Altieri, Marcelo. "Macroeconomic analysis of public transport competitiveness in megacities." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/85540.
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Altieri, Marcelo. "Assessing urban transport competition in megacities: public transport versus cars." Doctoral thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/138933.
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Σκυλλάκου, Ξακουστή. "Simulating the contributions of local and regional sources to fine PM in megacities." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/7292.
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The Particulate Matter Source Apportionment Technology (PSAT) is used together with PMCAMx, a regional chemical transport model, to estimate how local emissions and pollutant transport affect primary and secondary particulate matter concentration levels in European megacities such as Paris, London and Po Valley. The case of Paris megacity was investigated in detail. During the summer and the winter period examined, only 13% of the PM2.5 is due to local Paris emissions, with 36% due to mid range (within 500 km from the center of the Paris) sources and 51% resulting from long range transport (more than 500 km from the center of the Paris).
The local emissions contribution to elemental carbon (EC) is significant, with almost 60% of the EC originating from local sources during both summer and winter. Approximately 50% of the fresh primary organic aerosol (POA) originated from local sources and another 45% from areas 100-500 km from the receptor region during summer. Regional sources dominated the secondary PM components. More than 70% of the sulfate originated from SO2 emitted more than 500 km away from the center of the Paris. Also more than 45% of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was due to the oxidation of VOC precursors that were emitted 100-500 km from the center of the Paris. Long range sources are more important during winter because the photochemical activity is lower.
PSAT results for contributions of local and regional sources were also compared with observation-based estimates from field campaigns that took place during the MEGAPOLI project. PSAT predictions are in general consistent with these estimates OA and sulfate but PSAT predicts lower transported EC for both seasons.Ο καταμεριστικός αλγόριθμος ατμοσφαιρικών σωματιδίων (PSAT, Particulate Matter Source Apportionment Technology) χρησιμοποιείται σε συνδυασμό με το τρισδιάστατο μοντέλο χημικής μεταφοράς PMCAMx με σκοπό να εκτιμήσει κατά πόσο οι τοπικές εκπομπές και η μεταφορά της ρύπανσης επηρεάζουν τα πρωτογενή και τα δευτερογενή επίπεδα σωματιδιακών συγκεντρώσεων σε Ευρωπαϊκές μεγαλουπόλεις όπως το Παρίσι, το Λονδίνο και η κοιλάδα του ποταμού Πάδου στη βόρεια Ιταλία (Po Valley). Η περίπτωση του Παρισιού μελετήθηκε λεπτομερώς. Κατά τη διάρκεια του καλοκαιριού και του χειμώνα που εξετάστηκε, μόνο το 13% των PΜ2.5 σωματιδίων προέρχονται από τοπικές πηγές, 36% προέρχεται από ενδιάμεσες πηγές (μεταξύ 500 km από το κέντρο του Παρισιού) και 51% από απομακρυσμένες περιοχές (σε αποστάσεις μεγαλύτερες των 500 km από το κέντρο του Παρισιού). Η συνεισφορά των τοπικών πηγών στο στοιχειακό άνθρακα είναι σημαντική, 60% περίπου του στοιχειακού άνθρακα προέρχεται από τοπικές πηγές κατά τη διάρκεια τόσο του καλοκαιριού όσο και του χειμώνα. Σχεδόν 50% των φρέσκων πρωτογενών οργανικών σωματιδίων (POA) προέρχονται από τοπικές πηγές και 45% από περιοχές 100-500 km από των αποδέκτη κατά τη διάρκεια του καλοκαιριού. Οι συνεισφορά από απομακρυσμένες περιοχές κυριαρχεί στα δευτερογενή σωματίδια. Περισσότερο από 70% των θεϊκών σωματιδίων προέρχεται από διοξείδιο του θείου το οποίο εκπέμπεται από αποστάσεις μεγαλύτερες των 500 km από το κέντρο του Παρισιού. Επίσης περισσότερο από το 45% των δευτερογενών οργανικών σωματιδίων οφείλεται στην οξείδωση των πτητικών οργανικών ενώσεων (VOCs) που εκπέμπονται από 100 έως 500 km μακριά από το κέντρο του Παρισιού. Οι απομακρυσμένες περιοχές είναι πιο σημαντικές κατά τη διάρκεια του χειμώνα λόγω της ελάχιστης φωτοχημείας. Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν από τον αλγόριθμο PSAT για τις συνεισφορές των τοπικών όσο και των απομακρυσμένων περιοχών επίσης συγκρίνονται με μετρήσεις πεδίου από πειραματικές διατάξεις στο πλαίσιο του διεθνούς προγράμματος MEGAPOLI. Ο αλγόριθμος PSAT προβλέπει γενικά ικανοποιητικά τις συνεισφορές σε σχέση με αυτές που υπολογίστηκαν από τις μετρήσεις πεδίου.
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Mey, B., C. Xingfeng, L. Zhengqiang, X. Gu, Y. Tao, and Manfred Wendisch. "Airborne measurements of reflectivity and albedo of urban and rural surfaces of Megacities." 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16393.
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Spectral reflectivity and albedo are obtained from airborne measurements of spectral irradiance and radiance during two field campaigns in Leipzig, Germany and Zhongshan, China. The data measured above urban and rural areas have been investigated with respect to the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the surface. Furthermore the spectral albedo and reflectivity measured above the same surface but at different flight altitudes have been analyzed. These data is used to estimate the impact of multiple scattering processes by aerosol particles and gas molecules.
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Kiepsch, Matthias. "Sustainable urban transport approaches for Brazilian megacities – the examples of Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba." Master's thesis, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29031.
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In Brazil, the use of private motorized vehicles has dramatically increased in recent decades, while public transportation is marked by a weak performance, and pedestrians and cyclists cope with a poor infrastructure design. Thus, suitable approaches are required to tackle current transport problems of Brazilian megacities. In view of the World Cup 2014 and the Olympic Games 2016, the megacity Rio de Janeiro is undergoing significant changes which offers a unique opportunity to ease the current situation and achieve an integrated sustainable urban transport concept.
Therefore, this Diploma thesis creates an overview on the current transport situation in large Brazilian cities, in particular for Rio de Janeiro; provides integrated and sustainable approaches to tackle transport problems of Rio de Janeiro; analyzes the transferability of infrastructure measures between Curitiba and Rio de Janeiro; and examines the impact of the upcoming sports events.
First, a literature review focuses on the transport situation in Brazil and Rio de Janei ro and explains Curitiba's unique approaches. Second, an audio-based qualitative content analysis of seven expert interviews with stakeholders in urban- and transportation planning gives a concise insight into the current transport situation. Third, a synthesis of both the literature review and the output of the expert interviews provide recommendations for decision makers, researchers and international organizations.
In order to initiate a sustainable development of the megacity Rio de Janeiro, urban- and transportation planning must be interconnected with each other, a transport association has to be created to design and manage a metropolitan public transport network, and it is imperative to reorganize the local bus system. Furthermore, non-motorized transportation modes should be promoted by designing streets based on sidewalk policies and building a bicycle network in regard to the local demands. In addition, Curitiba's most important lesson for Rio de Janeiro is the interconnection of
high density areas with mobility corridors. However, the megacity will not be able to achieve an integrated sustainable urban transport concept by the sports events.
In conclusion, future transport measures have to focus on the middle class, while ensuring a needs-oriented mobility for all social classes. Decision makers should concentrate on the three "I's" – Information, Integration and Inclusion – to enable real transport mode choices, facilitate sound and seamless travel, and attract more people towards ecomobile transportation modes. Eventually, a paradigm shift towards ecomobility is needed in order to enable a sustainable urban transportation concept for today's and future generations.:TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES VII
LIST OF TABLES IX
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS X
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 BRAZIL 3
2.1.1 GENERAL STRUCTURE 3
2.1.2 INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES 6
2.1.3 SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT 7
2.1.4 TRANSPORT STRUCTURE 10
2.1.5 TRANSPORT PROBLEMS OF BRAZILIAN CITIES 15
2.2 RIO DE JANEIRO 21
2.2.1 GENERAL STRUCTURE 21
2.2.2 TRANSPORT STRUCTURE 24
2.2.3 FUTURE MOBILITY ISSUES 32
2.3 THE BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM OF CURITIBA 40
2.4 SUMMARY 44
3 EXPERT INTERVIEWS 46
3.1 METHODOLOGY 46
3.1.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERVIEWS 46
3.1.2 AUDIO - BASED QUALITATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS 49
3.2 OUTPUT 53
3.2.1 TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS 53
3.2.2 TRACKLING TRANSPORT PROBLEMS 58
3.2.3 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 64
3.3 SUMMARY 68
4 RECOMMENDATIONS 69
4.1 TACKLING TRANSPORT PROBLEMS 69
4.1.1 BACKGROUND 69
4.1.2 ADAPT URBAN PLANNING PROCESSES 70
4.1.3 RATIONALIZE CAR USAGE 71
4.1.4 REFORM THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM 72
4.1.5 PROMOTE NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORTATION 73
4.2 TRANSFERABLITY OF CURITIBIAN MEASURES 75
4.3 IMPACT OF SPORTS EVENTS IN RIO DE JANEIRO 76
5 CONCLUSIONS 79
REFERENCES 81
APPENDICES
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Sekovski, Ivan. "Coastal megacities: application of the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework to address environmental, social and economic issues." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/448.
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Dissertação de mest., Gestão da Água e da Costa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2010The purpose of this study was to elaborate on the role of coastal megacities in environmental degradation and their contribution to global climate change. Although only less than 4 percent of the total world’s population resides in coastal megacities, their impact on environment is significant due to their rapid development, high population densities and high consumption rate of their residents. This study was carried out by implementing a Drivers-Pressures-States-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) framework. This analytical framework was chosen because of its potential to link the existing data, gathered from various previous studies, in causal relationship. In this text, coastal megacities have been defined as cities exceeding 10 million inhabitants, situated in “nearcoastal zone”. Their high rates of the consumption of food, water, space and energy were observed and linked to the high performance rates of related economic activities (industry, transportation, power generation, agriculture and water extraction). In many of the studied coastal megacities, deteriorated quality of air and water was perceived, which can, in combination with global warming, lead to health problems and economic and social disturbance among residents. The extent of problems varied between developing and developed countries, showing higher rates of population growth and certain harmful emissions in megacities of developing countries, as well as more problems regarding food and water shortages, sanitation, and health care support. Although certain projections predict slowdown of growth in most coastal megacities, their future impact on environment is still unclear due to the uncertainties regarding future climate change and trajectories of consumption patterns.
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Hildemann, Moritz Jan. "3D flight route optimization for air-taxis in urban areas with evolutionary algorithms." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/94400.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geospatial TechnologiesElectric aviation is being developed as a new mode of transportation for the urban areas of the future. This requires an urban air space management that considers these aircraft and restricts the vehicles’ flight routes from passing nofly areas. Flight routes need to be determined that avoid the no-fly areas and are also optimally planned in regard to minimize the flight time, energy consumption and added noise. The no-fly areas and the flight routes can be best modelled as three-dimensional geographical objects. The problem of finding a good flight route that suits all three criteria is hard and requires an optimization technique. Yet, no study exists for optimizing 3D-routes that are represented as geographical objects while avoiding three-dimensional restricted areas. The research gap is overcome by optimizing the 3D-routes with the multi-criteria optimization technique called Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (II).We applied the optimization on the study area of Manhattan (New York City) and for two representatives of different electrical aircraft, the Lilium Jet and the Ehang 184. Special procedures are proposed in the optimization process to incorporate the chosen geographical representations. We included a seeding procedure for initializing the first flight routes, repair methods for invalid flight routes and a mutation technique that relocates points along a sine curve. The resulting flight routes are compromise solutions for the criteria flight time, energy emission and added noise. Compared to a least distance path, the optimized flight routeswere improved for all three objectives. The lowest observed improvementwas a noise reduction by 36% for the Ehang 184. The highest improvement was an energy consumption reduction by 90% for the Lilium Jet. The proposed representation caused high computation times, which lead to other limitations, e.g. a missing uncertainty analysis.With the proposed methods, we achieved to optimize 3D-routes with multiple objectives and constraints. A reproducibility self-assessment1 resulted in 2, 2, 2, 2, 1 (input data, preprocessing, methods, computational environment, results).
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Τσιμπίδη, Αλεξάνδρα. "Simulating the atmospheric primary and secondary organic aerosols." Thesis, 2009. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/2402.
Full textAbstract:
Until recently, organic particulate material was simply classified as either primary or secondary with the primary component being treated in models as nonvolatile and inert. This framework is used to simulate the organic aerosol formation, growth and composition in the eastern United States during the four seasons of the year. The model predictions are evaluated against daily average PM2.5 (particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm) measurements taken throughout the eastern United States by the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) and the Speciation Trends Network (STN) monitoring networks. The performance of the model in reproducing organic mass concentrations is average during all four seasons of the year. The agreement between the predicted and observed temporal profiles suggests a reasonable understanding and depiction in the model of the corresponding processes. However, this oversimplified view fails to explain the observed highly oxygenated nature of ambient organic aerosols (OA), the relatively small OA concentration gradients between large urban areas and their surroundings, and the concentrations of OA during periods of high photochemical activity. To address the above issues new primary and secondary organic aerosol modules have been added to a three dimensional chemical transport model (PMCAMx) based on recent smog chamber studies. The new modeling framework is based on the volatility basis-set approach: both primary and secondary organic components are assumed to be semivolatile and photochemically reactive and are distributed in logarithmically spaced volatility bins. The resulting PMCAMx-2008 was applied in Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) for approximately a week during April of 2003. The model predictions are compared with Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS) observations and their Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis. The final goal of this work is to provide information to the policy makers regarding the response of fine PM to emission controls. PMCAMx is used to investigate changes in PM2.5 concentrations in response to 50% emissions changes of oxides of nitrogen and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds during July 2001 and January 2002 in the Eastern United States.Τα ατμοσφαιρικά οργανικά σωματίδια συνηθίζεται να χωρίζονται σε δυο κατηγορίες: πρωτογενή και δευτερογενή. Τα πρώτα εκπέμπονται κατευθείαν στην ατμόσφαιρα ενώ τα δευτερογενή δημιουργούνται με την μεταφορά μάζας αερίων χαμηλής πτητικότητας, που προκύπτουν από την οξείδωση πρωτογενών οργανικών αερίων, στα ατμοσφαιρικά σωματίδια. Ένα τρισδιάστατο χημικό μοντέλο (PMCAMx), βασιζόμενο σε αυτό το διαχωρισμό, χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την προσομοίωση της σύνθεσης και της μάζας των οργανικών σωματιδίων της ατμόσφαιρας, στις ανατολικές Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής κατά τη διάρκεια των τεσσάρων εποχών του χρόνου. Οι προβλέψεις του μοντέλου αξιολογήθηκαν έναντι μετρήσεων που πραγματοποιήθηκαν από τα δίκτυα παρακολούθησης IMPROVE και STN στις ανατολικές ΗΠΑ. Η απόδοση του μοντέλου, όσον αφορά τον προσδιορισμό της συγκέντρωσης των οργανικών ενώσεων κατά τη διάρκεια όλων των εποχών είναι ιδιαίτερα ικανοποιητική. Ωστόσο, αν και οι προβλέψεις του μοντέλου για τη συγκέντρωση της οργανικής μάζας είναι ενθαρρυντικές, δεν είναι ξεκάθαρο εάν το μοντέλο προβλέπει τις σωστές τιμές για τους σωστούς λόγους. Συγκεκριμένα το μοντέλο δεν μπορεί να εξηγήσει την πολύ οξυγονωμένη χημική μορφή των ατμοσφαιρικών οργανικών σωματιδίων όπως αυτή αποτυπώθηκε σε μετρήσεις πεδίου. Για να αντιμετωπιστούν τα ανωτέρω ζητήματα αναπτύσσουμε μια νέα μέθοδο προσομοίωσης των διεργασιών σχηματισμού και χημικής γήρανσης των πρωτογενών και δευτερογενών οργανικών σωματιδίων της ατμόσφαιρας, στο τρισδιάστατο χημικό μοντέλο PMCAMx βασιζόμενοι σε πρόσφατα πειραματικά δεδομένα. Στο νέο αυτό πλαίσιο μοντελοποίησης τόσο τα πρωτογενή, όσο και τα δευτερογενή οργανικά συστατικά θεωρούνται ότι είναι ημιπτητικά και φωτοχημικά ενεργά και κατανέμονται λογαριθμικά σε ομάδες ενώσεων διαφορετικής πτητικότητας. Το βελτιωμένο PMCAMx (PMCAMx-2008) έχει εφαρμοστεί στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της πόλης του Μεξικού για περίπου μια βδομάδα τον Απρίλιο του 2003. Οι προβλέψεις του μοντέλου συγκρίνονται με μετρήσεις φασματογράφου μάζας αεροζόλ και άλλες μετρήσεις που πραγματοποιήθηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια της καμπάνιας MCMA-2003. Τέλος το PMCAMx έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί για να μελετηθούν διεξοδικά οι αλλαγές στη συγκέντρωση των οργανικών σωματιδίων διαμέτρου έως 2.5 μm που προκύπτουν από αλλαγές των εκπομπών NOx και VOCs κατά τη διάρκεια των μηνών του Ιουλίου 2001 και του Ιανουαρίου 2002 στις ανατολικές Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής.