Journal articles: 'Megacities'

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Hays, Judith C. "Megacities." Public Health Nursing 28, no. 3 (April 27, 2011): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.2011.00957.x.

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Wenzel, Friedemann, Fouad Bendimerad, and Ravi Sinha. "Megacities – megarisks." Natural Hazards 42, no. 3 (February 24, 2007): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-9073-2.

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Butler, Timothy M., and Mark G. Lawrence. "The influence of megacities on global atmospheric chemistry: a modelling study." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 3 (2009): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08110.

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Environmental context. Over half of the population of the world now live in urban areas, and the number of so-called ‘megacities’, with populations of ~10 million or more, is growing at a tremendous rate. We show how these patterns of urbanisation have the potential to influence the atmospheric chemical environment on a global scale, particularly through the effects of emissions from megacities on the reactive nitrogen cycle. With the growing worldwide interest in the study of the effects of megacities at all spatial scales, such as current European Union projects MEGAPOLI and CityZen, our study represents the first of many future studies that examine the effects of megacities on atmospheric chemistry on the global scale. Abstract. We present the first study of the effects of megacities on global atmospheric chemistry using a global three-dimensional chemical transport model. The effects on air quality, radiative forcing and atmospheric oxidation capacity are disproportionately smaller than the proportion of anthropogenic emissions due to megacities. Disproportionately large effects of megacities are modelled for reactive nitrogen compounds, in particular PAN (peroxy acetyl nitrate), which has increased in abundance globally by 9% due to megacities under year 2000 conditions, with 23% of the Earth experiencing an increase of 10% or more. These influences decrease under two very different future emission scenarios. Under a low-emission future scenario, the influence of megacities is generally reduced, and under a high-emission future scenario, although the local influence of megacities is increased, the geographical extent of the influence becomes smaller. In our model, the individual grid cells that contain megacities respond to the megacity emissions differently depending on their latitude. Tropical megacity grid cells generally show increased ozone year-round, while northern extratropical megacities generally show reduced ozone year-round. Better parameterisation of the sub-grid effects of megacities is an important issue for future work.

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Saier, Milton H. "Are Megacities Sustainable?" Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 178, no. 1-4 (August 9, 2006): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9206-y.

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Saier, Milton H. "Are Megacities Sustainable?" Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 191, no. 1-4 (July 28, 2006): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9211-1.

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LI, Hongyu, and Jie LI. "Research on the Functional Dispersal and Population Governance for China’s Megacities." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 03, no. 03 (September 2015): 1550018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748115500189.

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This paper analyzes the functional features of Chinese megacities and the problems faced by functional dispersal, as well as China’s current population governance mode and future trends. The paper summarizes the mode and experience of functional dispersal and population governance of megacities in some developed countries, such as US and Japan. And on this basis, it is pointed out that the functional dispersal of China’s megacities includes dis-functionalization, spatial structure optimization and reasonable population diffusion. Also, the paper proposes the basic principles and methods of functional dispersal and population governance of megacities that are suitable to China’s status quo, thus providing a research orientation for the functional dispersal and population governance for megacities.

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Yu, Sisi, Zengxiang Zhang, Fang Liu, Xiao Wang, and Shunguang Hu. "Assessing Interannual Urbanization of China’s Six Megacities Since 2000." Remote Sensing 11, no. 18 (September 13, 2019): 2138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182138.

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As a large and populous developing country, China has entered the rapid urbanization stage since 2000. Until 2018, China has accounted for nearly 1/5 of global megacities. Understanding their urbanization processes is of great significance. Given the deficiencies of existing research, this study explored the interannual urbanization process of China’s six megacities during 2000–2018 from four aspects, namely, the basic characteristics of urban land expansion, expansion types, cotemporary evolution of urban land–population–economy, and urbanization effects on the local environment. Results indicated that (1) urban lands in China’s six megacities increased by 153.27%, with distinct differences across megacities; (2) all of six megacities experienced the expansion processes from high-speed to low-speed, but they varied greatly in detail; (3) the speeds of urban land expansion in China’s megacities outpaced the population growth but lagged behind in GDP increase; and (4) urbanization has triggered an environmental crisis, which is represented by the decline in vegetation coverage and the increase in land surface temperature in newly expanded urban lands. This study enriched the content of urbanization, supplemented the existing materials of megacities, and provided a scientific reference for designing rational urban planning.

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Lundqvist, Jan, Cecilia Tortajada, Olli Varis, and Asit Biswas. "Water Management in Megacities." AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 34, no. 3 (May 2005): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-34.3.267.

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BOOTH, W. "A World of Megacities." Science 243, no. 4890 (January 27, 1989): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.243.4890.475-a.

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Bourdeau-Lepage, Lise, and Jean-Marie Huriot. "Megacities without global functions." Belgeo, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.11675.

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Molina, Mario J., and Luisa T. Molina. "Megacities and Atmospheric Pollution." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 54, no. 6 (June 2004): 644–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2004.10470936.

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Chow, Judith C., John G. Watson, Jitendra J. Shah, C. S. Klang, Christine Loh, Miriam Lev-On, James M. Lents, Mario J. Mollna, and Lulsa T. Mollna. "Megacities and Atmospheric Pollution." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 54, no. 10 (October 2004): 1226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2004.10470995.

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Bugliarello, George. "Megacities: Four Major Questions." Journal of Urban Technology 16, no. 1 (April 2009): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630730903077054.

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Moore, Samuel, and Alan Gardner. "Megacities by the Numbers." IEEE Spectrum 44, no. 6 (June 2007): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2007.369262.

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Balatskiy, Evgeny, Alexander Gusev, and Karen Saakyants. "Growth Limits of Megacities." Spatial Economics 4 (2006): 34–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2006.4.034-058.

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Varis, Olli. "Megacities, Development and Water." International Journal of Water Resources Development 22, no. 2 (June 2006): 199–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900620600648399.

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Varis, Olli, Asit K. Biswas, Cecilia Tortajada, and Jan Lundqvist. "Megacities and Water Management." International Journal of Water Resources Development 22, no. 2 (June 2006): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900620600684550.

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Borsdorf, Axel, and M. Coy. "Megacities und Globaler Wandel." TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/tatup.18.1.17.

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Stelzer, Volker, Jürgen Kopfmüller, A. Quintero, and S. Simon. "Nachhaltige Energieversorgung in Megacities." TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 19, no. 3 (November 1, 2010): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/tatup.19.3.30.

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Parrish, D. D., and T. Zhu. "Clean Air for Megacities." Science 326, no. 5953 (October 29, 2009): 674–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1176064.

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Decker, Ethan H., Scott Elliott, and Felisa A. Smith. "Megacities and the Environment." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 374–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.103.

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The world’s 25 largest cities comprise only 4% of the global population, but they have substantial impacts on the environment at multiple scales. Here we review what is known of the biogeochemistry of these megacities. Climatic, demographic, and economic data show no patterns across cities, save that wealthier cities have lower growth rates. The flows of water, fuels, construction materials, and food are examined where data are available. Water, which by mass dwarfs the other inputs, is not retained in urban systems, whereas construction materials and food predominate in the urban infrastructure and the waste stream. Fuels are transformed into chemical wastes that have the most far-reaching and global impacts. The effects of megacity resource consumption on geologic, hydrologic, atmospheric, and ecological processes are explored at local, regional, and global scales. We put forth the concepts of urban metabolism and urban succession as organizing concepts for data collection, analysis, and synthesis on urban systems. We conclude that megacities are not the final stage of urban evolution; rather, the climax of urban development will occur at a global scale when human society is at steady state with resource supply rates.

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Perlman, Janice E. "Megacities and innovative technologies." Cities 4, no. 2 (May 1987): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(87)90066-7.

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23

Butler, T. M., Z. S. Stock, M. R. Russo, H. A. C. Denier van der Gon, and M. G. Lawrence. "Megacity ozone air quality under four alternative future scenarios." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2012): 129–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-129-2012.

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Abstract. The impact of the megacities of the world on global tropospheric ozone, and conversely, the extent to which megacities are influenced by emissios of ozone precursors from outside of the megacities is examined under the four alternative RCP (''Representative Concentration Pathway'') emissions scenarios. Despite accounting for about 6% of present-day anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursor species, the contribution of emissions from megacities to global tropospheric ozone is calculated to be 0.84%. By 2100 this contribution falls to between 0.18 and 0.62% depending on the scenario, with the lower value being for the most-polluting of the four future emissions scenarios due to stringent controls on ozone precursor emissions from highly populated areas combined with a stronger tropospheric background ozone field. The higher end of this range is from the least-polluting of the four emissions scenarios, due lower background tropospheric ozone combined with the use of a different downscaling methodology in the construction of the scenario. Although the absolute impact of megacities on global ozone is small, an important result of this study is that under all future scenarios, future air quality in megacities is expected to be less influenced by local emissions within the cities, but instead more influenced by emission sources outside of the cities. Air quality trends in the megacities of the developing world are projected to be similar to observed trends in developed world megacities over the last few decades. Assumptions made when downscaling the emissions scenarios onto the grids used in such modelling studies can have a large influence on these results. Future work should concentrate on the creation of spatially explicit scenarios of urban development for use in global chemical transport models.

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Zhang, Jianxun, He Zhang, Rui Wang, Mengxiao Zhang, Yazhe Huang, Jiahui Hu, and Jingyi Peng. "Measuring the Critical Influence Factors for Predicting Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Expanding Megacities by XGBoost." Atmosphere 13, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040599.

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CO2 is the main greenhouse gas. Urban spatial development, land use, and so on may be affected by CO2 and climate change. The main questions studied in this paper are as follows: What are the drivers of CO2 emissions of expanding megacities? How can they be analyzed from different perspectives? Do the results differ for megacities at different stages of development? Based on the XGBoost model, this paper explored the complex factors affecting CO2 emissions by using data of four Chinese megacities, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing, from 2003 to 2017. The main findings are as follows: The XGBoost model has better applicability and accuracy in predicting carbon emissions of expanding megacities, with root mean square error (RMSE) as low as 0.036. Under the synergistic effect of multiple factors, population, land size, and gross domestic product are still the primary driving forces of CO2 emissions. Population density and population become more important in the single-factor analysis. The key drivers of CO2 emissions in megacities at respective developmental stages are different. This paper provides methods and tools for accurately predicting CO2 emissions and measuring the critical drivers. Furthermore, it could provide decision support for megacities to make targeted carbon-emission-reduction strategies based on their own developmental stages.

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Paravantis, John A., Panagiotis D. Tasios, Vasileios Dourmas, Georgios Andreakos, Konstantinos Velaoras, Nikoletta Kontoulis, and Panagiota Mihalakakou. "A Regression Analysis of the Carbon Footprint of Megacities." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031379.

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Urbanization and climate change are two major issues that humanity faces in the 21st century. Megacities are large urban agglomerations with more than 10 million inhabitants that emerged in the 20th century. The world’s top 100 economies include many North and South American megacities, such as New York, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires; European cities such as London and Paris; and Asian cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, Seoul, Beijing and Mumbai. This paper addresses a dearth of megacity energy metabolism models in the literature. Cross-sectional data for 36 global megacities were collected from many literature and Internet sources. Variables included megacity name, country and region; population; area; population density; (per capita) GDP; income inequality measures; (per capita) energy consumption; household electricity prices; (per capita) carbon and ecological footprint; degree days; average urban heat island intensity; and temperature and precipitation. A descriptive comparison of the characteristics of megacities was followed by ordinary least squares with heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors that were used to estimate four alternative multiple regression models. The per-capita carbon footprint of megacities was positively associated with the megacity GDP per capita, and the megacity ecological footprint; and negatively associated with country income inequality, a low-income country dummy, the country household electricity price, and the megacity annual precipitation. Targeted policies are needed, but more policy autonomy should be left to megacities. Collecting longitudinal data for megacities is very challenging but should be a next step to overcome misspecification and bias issues that plague cross-sectional approaches.

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Salm, Marco. "Comparative financing of megacities in multi-level BRICS states." International Journal of Public Sector Management 31, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 507–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-10-2016-0166.

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Purpose The BRICS states are based on multi-level government’s architecture whose megacities have an outstanding role in their respective states – not only in terms of population and in terms of economic power, but also in terms of local own-tax revenue collection, which, in turn, implies a very strong administration. At the same time, megacities are facing increasing public expenditures because of infrastructure needs, housing shortage, growth of social inequality, and environmental degradation. In order to outweigh the urban advantages associated with urbanization, reconsidering the fiscal framework is of urgent need. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Most similar case design is applied. Findings Megacities are at the forefront of national economic growth, that they have an above average tax base, an excellent administration, and therefore, face above average yields of property tax revenues. Rethinking the fiscal framework could considerably improve local finances. Research limitations/implications Due to limitations on public finance statistics, the sample draws on four megacities in BRICS, in reference to all megacities, only. Practical implications In context of Habitat III, New Urban Agenda, the practical implications are manyfold: the paper focuses on megacities, its finances (financing for development), and social implications involved. Social implications Local public finance, especially property taxation, has many implications on social level. Originality/value The paper is one in a kind.

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Kennedy, Christopher A., Iain Stewart, Angelo Facchini, Igor Cersosimo, Renata Mele, Bin Chen, Mariko Uda, et al. "Energy and material flows of megacities." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 19 (April 27, 2015): 5985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504315112.

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Understanding the drivers of energy and material flows of cities is important for addressing global environmental challenges. Accessing, sharing, and managing energy and material resources is particularly critical for megacities, which face enormous social stresses because of their sheer size and complexity. Here we quantify the energy and material flows through the world’s 27 megacities with populations greater than 10 million people as of 2010. Collectively the resource flows through megacities are largely consistent with scaling laws established in the emerging science of cities. Correlations are established for electricity consumption, heating and industrial fuel use, ground transportation energy use, water consumption, waste generation, and steel production in terms of heating-degree-days, urban form, economic activity, and population growth. The results help identify megacities exhibiting high and low levels of consumption and those making efficient use of resources. The correlation between per capita electricity use and urbanized area per capita is shown to be a consequence of gross building floor area per capita, which is found to increase for lower-density cities. Many of the megacities are growing rapidly in population but are growing even faster in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) and energy use. In the decade from 2001–2011, electricity use and ground transportation fuel use in megacities grew at approximately half the rate of GDP growth.

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Lee, Hyo-Jung, Lim-Seok Chang, Daniel A. Jaffe, Juseon Bak, Xiong Liu, Gonzalo González Abad, Hyun-Young Jo, et al. "Satellite-Based Diagnosis and Numerical Verification of Ozone Formation Regimes over Nine Megacities in East Asia." Remote Sensing 14, no. 5 (March 5, 2022): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051285.

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Urban photochemical ozone (O3) formation regimes (NOx- and VOC-limited regimes) at nine megacities in East Asia were diagnosed based on near-surface O3 columns from 900 to 700 hPa, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO), which were inferred from measurements by ozone-monitoring instruments (OMI) for 2014–2018. The nine megacities included Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Shanghai, Seoul, Busan, Tokyo, and Osaka. The space-borne HCHO–to–NO2 ratio (FNR) inferred from the OMI was applied to nine megacities and verified by a series of sensitivity tests of Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulations by halving the NOx and VOC emissions. The results showed that the satellite-based FNRs ranged from 1.20 to 2.62 and the regimes over the nine megacities were identified as almost NOx-saturated conditions, while the domain-averaged FNR in East Asia was >2. The results of WRF–Chem sensitivity modeling show that O3 increased when the NOx emissions reduced, whereas VOC emission reduction showed a significant decrease in O3, confirming the characteristics of VOC-limited conditions in all of the nine megacities. When both NOx and VOC emissions were reduced, O3 decreased in most cities, but increased in the three lowest-FNRs megacities, such as Shanghai, Seoul, and Tokyo, where weakened O3 titration caused by NOx reduction had a larger enough effect to offset O3 suppression induced by the decrease in VOCs. Our model results, therefore, indicated that the immediate VOC emission reduction is a key controlling factor to decrease megacity O3 in East Asia, and also suggested that both VOC and NOx reductions may not be of broad utility in O3 abatement in megacities and should be considered judiciously in highly NOx-saturated cities in East Asia.

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Butler, T. M., Z. S. Stock, M. R. Russo, H. A. C. Denier van der Gon, and M. G. Lawrence. "Megacity ozone air quality under four alternative future scenarios." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 10 (May 16, 2012): 4413–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4413-2012.

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Abstract. The impact of the megacities of the world on global tropospheric ozone, and conversely, the extent to which megacities are influenced by emissions of ozone precursors from outside of the megacities is examined under the four alternative RCP ("Representative Concentration Pathway") emissions scenarios. Despite accounting for about 6% of present-day anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursor species, the contribution of emissions from megacities to global tropospheric ozone is calculated to be 0.84%. By 2100 this contribution falls to between 0.18% and 0.62% depending on the scenario, with the lower value being for the most-polluting of the four future emissions scenarios due to stringent controls on ozone precursor emissions from highly populated areas combined with a stronger tropospheric background ozone field. The higher end of this range is from the least-polluting of the four emissions scenarios, due to lower background tropospheric ozone combined with the use of a simpler downscaling methodology in the construction of the scenario, which results in higher emissions from megacities. Although the absolute impact of megacities on global ozone is small, an important result of this study is that under all future scenarios, future air quality in megacities is expected to be less influenced by local emissions within the cities, but instead more influenced by emission sources outside of the cities, with mixing ratios of background ozone projected to play an increasing role in megacity air quality throughout the 21st century. Assumptions made when downscaling the emissions scenarios onto the grids used in such modelling studies can have a large influence on these results; future generations of emissions scenarios should include spatially explicit representations or urban development suitable for air quality studies using global chemical transport models.

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Sethi, Mahendra, and Felix Creutzig. "Leaders or laggards in climate action? Assessing GHG trends and mitigation targets of global megacities." PLOS Climate 2, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): e0000113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000113.

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Urban areas account for between 71% and 76% of CO2 emissions from global final energy use and between 67–76% of global energy use. The highest emitting 100 urban areas (defined as contiguous population clusters) account for 18% of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To date there is no comprehensive study of megacities (10 million+ population) analysing their historic population, economic and emission patterns and contributions to global GHGs. A key challenge is that a majority of these megacities (33 out of 41) are located in developing countries, making it challenging to track their rapidly mounting emissions. In this research, we capitalize on recently released open-access datasets—the Global Human Settlements Database (R2019A) and the World Urbanization Prospects (2018) for analyzing megacity development and GHG trends, vis-à-vis the mitigation targets outlined in their climate action plans. We find that as leading political and economic centres in their nations, though most megacities have initiated climate action plans, the aggregate impact of megacities on global emissions is limited. Based on this evidence, we explore how rapidly growing megacities can hedgehop to effectively reduce their GHG emissions while urbanizing and developing economically.

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Idowu, Dorcas, and Wendy Zhou. "Global Megacities and Frequent Floods: Correlation between Urban Expansion Patterns and Urban Flood Hazards." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032514.

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With climate change causing increased extreme weather events, megacities worldwide are experiencing unprecedentedly devastating floods and recurring flood damage. Investigating global megacities’ increased disposition to flooding will aid in developing sustainable flood-risk-management frameworks. Many studies have been conducted on the association between land-cover types and flood consequences, but few on investigating urban expansion patterns’ correlation with flood hazard and risk. This study examines the correlation between urban expansion patterns and increased flood hazards. Twelve megacities throughout the world were selected for this study. After exploring the possibility of the megacities having experienced flooding, we qualified their patterns of urban expansion and their potential to influence the elements of flood risk. Our results revealed that edge expansion and leapfrogging patterns had a strong positive correlation with statistical significance with flood hazard, while infilling had a weak positive correlation that showed no statistical significance with flood hazard. Further, we found that the megacities have all experienced devastating floods in the past two decades. Flood risk frameworks need to account for the impact of these patterns, and future urban planning designs and policies need to incorporate flood risk frameworks that account for patterns of urban expansion.

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Miao, Yucong, Jing Li, Shiguang Miao, Huizheng Che, Yaqiang Wang, Xiaoye Zhang, Rong Zhu, and Shuhua Liu. "Interaction Between Planetary Boundary Layer and PM2.5 Pollution in Megacities in China: a Review." Current Pollution Reports 5, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40726-019-00124-5.

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Abstract Purpose of Review During the past decades, the number and size of megacities have been growing dramatically in China. Most of Chinese megacities are suffering from heavy PM2.5 pollution. In the pollution formation, the planetary boundary layer (PBL) plays an important role. This review is aimed at presenting the current state of understanding of the PBL-PM2.5 interaction in megacities, as well as to identify the main gaps in current knowledge and further research needs. Recent Findings The PBL is critical to the formation of urban PM2.5 pollution at multiple temporal scales, ranging from diurnal change to seasonal variation. For the essential PBL structure/process in pollution, the coastal megacities have different concerns from the mountainous or land-locked megacities. In the coastal cities, the recirculation induced by sea-land breeze can accumulate pollutants, whereas in the valley/basin, the blocking effects of terrains can lead to stagnant conditions and thermal inversion. Within a megacity, although the urbanization-induced land use change can cause thermodynamic perturbations and facilitate the development of PBL, the increases in emissions outweigh this impact, resulting in a net increase of aerosol concentration. Moreover, the aerosol radiative effects can modify the PBL by heating the upper layers and reducing the surface heat flux, suppressing the PBL and exacerbating the pollution. Summary This review presented the PBL-PM2.5 interaction in 13 Chinese megacities with various geographic conditions and elucidated the critical influencing processes. To further understand the complicated interactions, long-term observations of meteorology and aerosol properties with multi-layers in the PBL need to be implemented.

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Yang, Fan, and Zhifeng Zhao. "The Research on the Spatial Governance Tools and Mechanism of Megacity Suburbs Based on Spatial Evolution: A Case of Beijing." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 12384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912384.

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The research on the spatial governance of the suburbs of megacities is of great significance for coordinating the spatial relationship between the central urban area and the suburbs of megacities, and implementing the regional functional layout of megacities. It is helpful to formulate scientific spatial governance strategies, and coordinate suburban space and central urban areas to achieve coordinated and sustainable development. This paper uses spatial form indicators to study suburban space governance from the spatial evolution characteristics of suburban construction land, constructs the relationship between different spatial evolution characteristics and the utility of spatial governance tools in the suburbs of megacities, and discusses the mechanism of suburban spatial governance tools. The study found that the spatial governance of megacities runs through the whole process of spatial evolution. Together with the three stages of space evolution, “space shaping, space restoration, space reconstruction”, we present three spatial governance mechanism types: “extensive development with positive guidance as the theme”, “exploratory adjustment with transformation practice as the theme”, “fine governance with management and control intervention as the theme”. In addition, the study also found that direct and indirect suburban space governance tools have different action paths and usage characteristics, and there is a synergistic mechanism between the two types of tools.

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Kou, Chenhuan, Donghan Meng, and Xiuli Yang. "Construction and application of economic resilience evaluation model for megacities." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 24, 2024): e0301840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301840.

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Economic resilience provides a new perspective for megacities to achieve sustainable development when facing multiple shocks, and its accurate evaluation is an essential prerequisite for optimizing urban governance. There are currently no generally accepted methods for empirical evaluation or measuring economic resilience, and the present study aims to contribute to in both the research field and methodology. The present study sets dimensions and indicators based on economic resilience’s theoretical and empirical research and used Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interactive Structural Modeling (ISM) methods to exclude the effect indicators and divide the indicator hierarchy, respectively. Subsequently, the present study conducts model validation using Chinese megacities as a case study. The game theory weighting method, which combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Entropy methods, is used to calculate indicator weights, and the VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija i KOmpromisno Resenje) method is used to evaluate and compare economic resilience of megacities. The research findings indicate that the evaluation model constructed in the present study included 15 indicators (after excluding three effect indicators) divided into four levels. After merging the levels, they correspond to three dimensions: resistance, recoverability, and adaptability. In addition, using Chinese megacities as a case study, the evaluation results found that Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen have high economic resilience, Tianjin and Guangzhou have moderate economic resilience, Chengdu has low economic resilience, and Chongqing has the lowest economic resilience. This result is consistent with previous studies and verifies the model’s effectiveness. The present study also found that megacities with lower levels of economic resilience exhibit a more significant upward trend, as well as the highest and higher proportion of economic resilience in Chinese megacities depending on time passes, indicating that megacities’ economic resilience is weakening. The evaluation result obtained in the present study is more specific, precise, and focused on depicting the distribution differences and development trends of economic resilience at the urban level.

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Qu, Xiaomin, Xiang Qi, and Bei Wu. "Disparities in Dental Services Use Among Urban and Rural Adults in China’s Megacities." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.113.

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Abstract Using data from the ‘2019 New Era and Living Conditions in Megacities Survey’ that included 4,049 residents aged 18-65, we examined the urban-rural disparities in dental visits among adults living in China’s 10 megacities. All of China’s megacities are metropolitan regions that include urban, peri-urban and rural land, and all have rural populations within the city boundaries. The results show that 43.3% (n=595) rural and 23.8% urban (n=637) residents had never visited dentists. Urban residents were more likely to visit dentists than rural residents after controlling for covariates (OR=1.57, 95%CI=1.30 to 1.91). The rates of visits were similar across age groups. Higher socioeconomic status, having urban insurances, having positive attitudes towards healthy diets and visited physicians regularly, and having poorer oral health was associated with higher odds of visiting dentists (P<0.05). These findings can help develop policies to increase dental care access to underserved populations in Chinese megacities.

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Choi, Hyoung-Yong. "Working in the Metaverse: Does Telework in a Metaverse Office Have the Potential to Reduce Population Pressure in Megacities? Evidence from Young Adults in Seoul, South Korea." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 19, 2022): 3629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063629.

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Despite the growing number of teleworkers and the unsustainable challenges (e.g., environmental pollution) facing megacities due to population pressure, few studies have investigated whether telework can reduce population pressure in megacities. This study conducts a scenario-based experiment and proposes that telework can reduce population pressure in megacities by enticing megacity residents to leave the megacity. Specifically, given the increasing number of companies that are adopting metaverse teleworking offices, this study classifies telework into metaverse telework and non-metaverse telework and empirically demonstrates that both types of telework positively influence an individual’s intention to relocate from a megacity to a non-megacity. Additionally, this study further shows that metaverse telework has a greater impact on an individual’s intention to relocate from a megacity to a non-megacity than non-metaverse telework. This study demonstrates how different types of telework can differentially reduce population pressure in megacities and provides practical recommendations for policymakers and strategy managers to support this practice.

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Stepanov, Mikhail, and V. S. Skrininkova. "Features of parking in megacities." E3S Web of Conferences 281 (2021): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128102019.

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The article deals with the issues of transport parking in megacities. Car parking has a huge impact on people and environment. The lack of parking spaces constrains economy and forces people to park incorrectly, which leads to traffic jams, undermines security and aesthetic appearance of urban spaces. The article discusses various parking options in megacities. The advantages and disadvantages of various parking options are shown. The main factors influencing the construction of parking lots in cities are considered, such as: construction and operating costs; type, location and use of the parking lot; availability and public transport possibilities; local vehicle ownership; a general need to reduce the use of high-emission vehicles. Foreign and domestic parking experience has been analyzed. The issues of the relation between the cost of parking, housing and the average net salary of residents are considered. Recommendations for the convenient design of parking lots are given. Dependences of the required number of parking lots for permanent and temporary parking of cars have been obtained.

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Jin, Yutong, Heming Wang, Yafei Wang, Jacob Fry, and Manfred Lenzen. "Material footprints of Chinese megacities." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 174 (November 2021): 105758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105758.

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Kulbachevsky, A. O. "PROBLEMS OF ECOCATHARSIS OF MEGACITIES." Bulletin of Russian academy of natural sciences 22, no. 4 (2022): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52531/1682-1696-2022-22-4-28-37.

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Safarik, Daniel, Shawn Ursini, and Antony Wood. "Megacities and tall buildings: symbiosis." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183301001.

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Anyone concerned with the development of human civilization in the 21st Century will likely have heard the term «megacity». It is – as it should be – increasingly prevalent in both mainstream and academic discussions of the great trends of our time: urbanization, rising technological and physical connectivity, increasingly polarized extremes of wealth and poverty, environmental degradation, and climate change. It is a subject as large and far-reaching as its name implies. This paper sets the scene on how megacities and the built environment are growing together, and examines the implications for those who plan, design, develop and operate tall buildings and urban infrastructure.

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Canton, James. "The extreme future of megacities." Significance 8, no. 2 (June 2011): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-9713.2011.00485.x.

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Molina, Luisa T., Mario J. Molina, Robert S. Slott, Charles E. Kolb, Philip K. Gbor, Fan Meng, Rakesh B. Singh, et al. "Air Quality in Selected Megacities." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 54, no. 12 (December 2004): 1–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2004.10471015.

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Tollefson, Jeff. "Megacities move to track emissions." Nature 492, no. 7427 (December 2012): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/492020a.

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Bhugra, Dinesh, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Julio Torales, and Antonio Ventriglio. "Megacities, migration, and mental health." Lancet Psychiatry 6, no. 11 (November 2019): 884–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30294-9.

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Folberth, Gerd A., Steven T. Rumbold, William J. Collins, and Timothy M. Butler. "Global radiative forcing and megacities." Urban Climate 1 (November 2012): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2012.08.001.

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Baklanov, Alexander, Luisa T. Molina, and Michael Gauss. "Megacities, air quality and climate." Atmospheric Environment 126 (February 2016): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.059.

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Facchini, Angelo, Chris Kennedy, Iain Stewart, and Renata Mele. "The energy metabolism of megacities." Applied Energy 186 (January 2017): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.025.

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Stratmann, Bernhard. "Megacities: Globalization, Metropolization, and Sustainability." Journal of Developing Societies 27, no. 3-4 (September 2011): 229–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x1102700402.

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Niemczynowicz, Janusz. "Megacities from a Water Perspective." Water International 21, no. 4 (1996): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508069608686515.

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Schak, David C. "Review: Megacities, Labour, and Communications." Media International Australia 91, no. 1 (May 1999): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909100134.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Megacities'

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