Relevant bibliographies by topics / Megalith monuments

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Megalith monuments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Megalith monuments"

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Sánchez-Quinto, Federico, Helena Malmström, Magdalena Fraser, Linus Girdland-Flink, Emma M. Svensson, Luciana G. Simões, Robert George, et al. "Megalithic tombs in western and northern Neolithic Europe were linked to a kindred society." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 19 (April 15, 2019): 9469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818037116.

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Paleogenomic and archaeological studies show that Neolithic lifeways spread from the Fertile Crescent into Europe around 9000 BCE, reaching northwestern Europe by 4000 BCE. Starting around 4500 BCE, a new phenomenon of constructing megalithic monuments, particularly for funerary practices, emerged along the Atlantic façade. While it has been suggested that the emergence of megaliths was associated with the territories of farming communities, the origin and social structure of the groups that erected them has remained largely unknown. We generated genome sequence data from human remains, corresponding to 24 individuals from five megalithic burial sites, encompassing the widespread tradition of megalithic construction in northern and western Europe, and analyzed our results in relation to the existing European paleogenomic data. The various individuals buried in megaliths show genetic affinities with local farming groups within their different chronological contexts. Individuals buried in megaliths display (past) admixture with local hunter-gatherers, similar to that seen in other Neolithic individuals in Europe. In relation to the tomb populations, we find significantly more males than females buried in the megaliths of the British Isles. The genetic data show close kin relationships among the individuals buried within the megaliths, and for the Irish megaliths, we found a kin relation between individuals buried in different megaliths. We also see paternal continuity through time, including the same Y-chromosome haplotypes reoccurring. These observations suggest that the investigated funerary monuments were associated with patrilineal kindred groups. Our genomic investigation provides insight into the people associated with this long-standing megalith funerary tradition, including their social dynamics.
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Thorpe, R. S., and O. Williams-Thorpe. "The myth of long-distance megalith transport." Antiquity 65, no. 246 (March 1991): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00079308.

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The megalithic monuments of western Europe have long been a celebrated proof of the engineering achievements possible in an early farming society. With the engineering skills to raise up the stones went the capability to move them to the site, with Stonehenge the best-known example of an apparent long-distance transport, incorporating Welsh bluestones and sarsens that perhaps originate in the Avebury region to the north. Following their recent challenge to the belief that the builders of Stonehenge did carry its bluestones from west Wales, the authors look critically at the larger pattern of megalithic manoeuvring.
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Holl, Augustin F. C. "Megaliths in Tropical Africa: Social Dynamics and Mortuary Practices in Ancient Senegambia (ca. 1350 BCE – 1500 CE)." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 15, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 363–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v15i2.1.

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When analyzed systematically, Tropical Africa megalithism appears to have emerged in contexts of friction between different lifeways, agriculturalists versus foragers, pastoralists versus hunter-gatherers-fishermen, or agriculturalists versus fishing folks. The monuments built were clearly part of actual territorial strategies. Research conducted by the Sine Ngayene Archaeological Project (2002-2012) frontally addressed the “Why” of the emergence of megalithism in that part of the world, and probes the reasons for the performance of the elaborate burial practices preserved in the archaeological record. This paper emphasizes the diversity and complexity of burial protocols invented by Senegambian “megalith-builders” communities from 1450 BCE to 1500 CE. Senegambian megalithism is shown to have proceeded from territorial marking imperatives, shaping a multi-layered cultural landscape through the implemented mortuary programs anchored on the construction of Ancestorhood. Keywords: Megaliths; Senegambia; Cultural landscape; Mortuary program; Burial practice; Monolith-circle; Sine-Ngayene;
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Holl, Augustin F. C. "Megaliths in Tropical Africa: Social Dynamics and Mortuary Practices in Ancient Senegambia (ca. 1350 BCE – 1500 CE)." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 2, no. 15 (May 27, 2021): 363–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i15.1.

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When analyzed systematically, Tropical Africa megalithism appears to have emerged in contexts of friction between different lifeways, agriculturalists versus foragers, pastoralists versus hunter-gatherers-fishermen, or agriculturalists versus fishing folks. The monuments built were clearly part of actual territorial strategies. Research conducted by the Sine Ngayene Archaeological Project (2002-2012) frontally addressed the “Why” of the emergence of megalithism in that part of the world, and probes the reasons for the performance of the elaborate burial practices preserved in the archaeological record. This paper emphasizes the diversity and complexity of burial protocols invented by Senegambian “megalith-builders” communities from 1450 BCE to 1500 CE. Senegambian megalithism is shown to have proceeded from territorial marking imperatives, shaping a multi-layered cultural landscape through the implemented mortuary programs anchored on the construction of Ancestorhood. Keywords: Megaliths; Senegambia; Cultural landscape; Mortuary program; Burial practice; Monolith-circle; Sine-Ngayene;
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Cullen†, Ben. "Living artefact, personal ecosystem, biocultural schizophrenia: a novel synthesis of processual and post-processual thinking." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 61 (1995): 371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00003133.

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For well over a decade archaeological theory has been discussed in terms of a number of problematic yet familiar dichotomies. Prominent examples would include the distinction between processualist (scientific) and postprocessualist (post-modernist) thinking, and its concomitant distinctions of biology versus culture, Positivism versus Relativism, and Realism versus Idealism. This paper outlines a novel framework (Cultural Virus Theory) which crosscuts these familiar dichotomies, while also suggesting new explanatory possibilities. Recent convergent trends in archaeological theory are summarised. Some of the basic principles of the theory are defined. It is argued that ideas, rituals, and artefact production systems are culturally reproduced life-forms (‘viral phenomena’ or ‘living artefacts’); that people are therefore biocultural ecosystems of more than one lifeform (‘personal ecosystems’); and that the internal constituent life-forms of personal ecosystems may be found in both symbiotic, and parasitic or predatory relationships, just as are those of larger ecosystems. Human actions, therefore, cannot be approached as if they constitute the behaviour of a single united organism; as ecosystems, people are often subject to internal adaptive conflict and are, in short, ‘biocultural schizophrenics’. Lastly, the anatomy of the synthesis is briefly discussed with reference to first post-processual, and then processual approaches to the familiar ‘megalith icon’ of monuments and their associated rituals — termed ‘megalithic religions’ for convenience — in Neolithic north-west Europe.
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Hasanuddin, Nfn. "Nilai-Nilai Sosial dan Religi dalam Tradisi Megalitik di Sulawesi Selatan." Kapata Arkeologi 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v12i2.313.

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South Sulawesi is a region which has a several culture and megalith tradition that spread in various locations. Of those various forms and kinds of that megalith monument, there are important values that can be reinvented for the society. The purpose is to determine the social dan religious value of megalithic culture in South Sulawesi. In order to recognize those values, a research with an ethnoarchaeological approach has been done through direct observations and surveys in the society which still have megalith tradition, and focused to identify its values and functions in society. This research found that this tradition was developed since the 2nd AD until the 10th to 13th AD. During that period, the settlement system was composed of small communities that occupying highland and lowland. That small community was called wanua which spread across South Sulawesi peninsula. At the present time, that megalith tradition is still found in Torajan community, and in several ritual practices among communities in Enrekang and Soppeng regency, South Sulawesi. Generally, that megalith tradition is endorsing several values such like cooperation and spiritual.Sulawesi Selatan merupakan suatu daerah yang memiliki beberapa bentuk budaya dan tradisi megalitik (kebudayaan batu besar) yang tersebar di berbagai wilayah. Dari berbagai bentuk dan jenis megalitik itu tentunya memiliki nilai-nilai yang dapat diterapkan dalam masyarakat. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui nilai sosial dan religi dari kebudayaan megalitik di Sulawesi selatan. Dalam pencapaiannya digunakan pendekatan etnoarkeologi dengan cara melakukan survei di beberapa daerah di Sulawesi Selatan yang memiliki peninggalan megalitik. Selanjutnya dilakukan wawancara dan pengamatan langsung di masyarakat yang masih menggunakan kebudayaan megalitik untuk mengetahui fungsi dalam masyarakat. Penelitian selama ini menunjukkan bahwa kebudayaan ini berawal sekitar abad ke-2 Masehi dan terus berlanjut pada abad ke-10 hingga abad ke-13 Masehi. Sistem permukiman pada masa itu merupakan kelompok-kelompok komunitas yang menempati wilayah ketinggian dan dataran rendah. Pada awal terbentuknya populasi disebabkan adanya berbagai daerah otonom kecil yang disebut wanuwa yang terdapat di beberapa daerah di seluruh semenanjung Sulawesi Selatan. Budaya ini masih berkesinambungan hingga sekarang pada masyarakat Toraja, atau dalam praktek ritual seperti di Enrekang dan Soppeng, Sulawesi Selatan. Pada umumnya kebudayaan megalitik mengandung nilai-nilai kerjasama dan gotong royong serta religi yang menonjol.
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Krzemińska, Alicja Edyta, Anna Dzikowska, Anna Danuta Zaręba, Katarzyna Rozalia Jarosz, Krzysztof Widawski, and Janusz Stanisław Łach. "The Significance of Megalithic Monuments in the Process of Place Identity Creation and in Tourism Development." Open Geosciences 10, no. 1 (September 18, 2018): 504–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2018-0040.

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Abstract All over the world and for thousands of years, megaliths have been significant cultural elements, as well as sacred sites and places of power. Nowadays megaliths act as a strong magnet for tourists, who appreciate their history, esoterica and magic. Some megaliths were used for astronomical observations, so vital to maintain the continuity of harvest and crop. Other megalithic constructions were erected for funerary purposes, and served as individual or collective burial chambers. Megalithic structures are usually referred to as belonging to the European Neolithic but it has to be stressed that some megalithic constructions date back to the Bronze Age, and some were also built on other continents. Megaliths are a vital element of landscape and for historical reasons they are a sui generis monument, commemorating prehistorical cultures. At the same time, along with the remaining elements of the natural and cultural environment, they create a unique image of place identity, attracting large numbers of tourists. Interestingly, despite the strong attraction exercised by megaliths, there are still many places where tourism does not develop as rapidly as might be assumed. For the above-mentioned reasons, a comparative analysis of several megalithic sites has been conducted in Poland, Sweden, Portugal and Denmark. The following elements have been analysed: the megaliths immediate surroundings, the existing and planned or under-construction tourist and communication infrastructure, as well as architectural and spatial technical solutions and development. Also the key negative and positive elements have been defined which influence the tourist potential of the places in question, and constitute the tourism attractiveness factors of a region.
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Boado, Felipe Criado, and Ramon Fabregas Valcarce. "The megalithic phenomenon of northwest Spain: main trends." Antiquity 63, no. 241 (December 1989): 682–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00076821.

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What is one to do with megaliths, now that their classification into evolutionary sequences – the mainstay of megalithic study over so many years – seems to offer insufficient insights? Yet in some regions of Europe the great stone monuments provide the major physical evidence from their period. Here is a study of one of the megalithic zones, which seeks to find new insights by asking new kinds of questions.
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Fisher, David, and Lionel Sims. "Modelling Lunar Extremes." Journal of Skyscape Archaeology 3, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jsa.34686.

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Claims first made over half a century ago that certain prehistoric monuments utilised high-precision alignments on the horizon risings and settings of the Sun and the Moon have recently resurfaced. While archaeoastronomy early on retreated from these claims, as a way to preserve the discipline in an academic boundary dispute, it did so without a rigorous examination of Thom’s concept of a “lunar standstill”. Gough’s uncritical resurrection of Thom’s usage of the term provides a long-overdue opportunity for the discipline to correct this slippage. Gough (2013), in keeping with Thom (1971), claims that certain standing stones and short stone rows point to distant horizon features which allow high-precision alignments on the risings and settings of the Sun and the Moon dating from about 1700 BC. To assist archaeoastronomy in breaking out of its interpretive rut and from “going round in circles” (Ruggles 2011), this paper evaluates the validity of this claim. Through computer modelling, the celestial mechanics of horizon alignments are here explored in their landscape context with a view to testing the very possibility of high-precision alignments to the lunar extremes. It is found that, due to the motion of the Moon on the horizon, only low-precision alignments are feasible, which would seem to indicate that the properties of lunar standstills could not have included high-precision markers for prehistoric megalith builders.
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Scarre, Chris, Luc Laporte, and Roger Joussaume. "Long Mounds and Megalithic Origins in Western France: Recent Excavations at Prissé-la-Charrière." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 69 (2003): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001328.

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The ancestry of the long mound has long been a key focus in debates on the origins of monumental and megalithic architectures in western France. Typological schemes and absolute dates have alike been invoked in support of different models of monument development, but with limited success. Recent excavations at Prissé-la-Charrière, a 100-metre long mound in the Poitou-Charentes region, have emphasised the importance of internal structure and the complex process of modification and accretion by which many long mounds achieved their final form and dimensions. Excavations have revealed an early megalithic chamber in a dry-stone rotunda, that was progressively incorporated in a short long mound, then in the 100 m long mound we see today, which contains at least two further chamber tombs. The wide range of monument forms present in western and northern France during the 5th millennium BC suggests that the issue of monument origins must be viewed in a broad inter-regional perspective, within which a number of individual elements could be combined in a variety of different ways. Consideration of seven specific elements, including the shape of the mound, the position and accessibility of the chamber, and the significance of above-ground tomb chambers as opposed to graves or pits leads us to propose a polygenic model for the origins of the long mounds and related monuments of western France.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Megalith monuments"

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Holtorf, Cornelius. "Monumental past : interpreting the meanings of ancient monuments in later prehistoric Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Germany)." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683308.

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Mullane, Elizabeth Brownell. "Megaliths, mounds, and monuments applying self-organizing theory to ancient human systems /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1997751651&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Ogburn, Scott A. "Bryn Myrrdin : a temple in time /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135820/.

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Fraser, Shannon Marguerite. "Physical, social and intellectual landscapes in the Neolithic contextualizing Scottish and Irish Megalithic architecture /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/787/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 1996.
BLL : DX192053. Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Art, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, 1996. Includes bibliographical references. Print copy also available.
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Adamsson, Marcus. "Odödliga monument : Återanvändning av megalitgravar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325166.

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Megalithic tombs that originally date back to the early to mid-neolithic are the oldest preserved monument that can be found in Scandinavia. The act of raising big stone structures for the dead shows that the monuments where build to last through time. Prehistoric people from different time periods have reused these monuments on different locations all over Europe. This paper focuses on the monuments in Sweden and it shows that the reuse of megalithic monuments appears in all regions where these monuments can be found. The different reasons to why people wanted to reuse these monuments are also discussed. The paper proposes that the reasons are religious and political. Political the monuments can give inheritance rights which granted land rights among other things.
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Bestley, Nicola. "Material culture and cosmology : megalithic monuments and ritual practice in the Neolithic of north-west Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272337.

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Gouézin, Philippe. "Structures funéraires et pierres dressées : analyses architectorales et spaciales : mégalithes du département du Morbihan." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S112/document.

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Le mégalithisme est l'expression architecturale monumentale d'un ensemble de sociétés qui ont édifiées des structures funéraires et des pierres dressées. La genèse du mégalithisme, phénomène humain de la fin de la préhistoire, puise ses origines dans de multiples conjugaisons des différents courants de la néolithisation aux traditions variées, aux influences géographiques parfois lointaines, aux époques différentes. La combinaison de nombreux éléments sociaux de ces sociétés agro-pastorales a généré des générations d’architectes bâtisseurs et contribué à mettre en œuvre une diversité architecturale La volonté de mise œuvre des maisons des morts au même niveau que les maisons des vivants semble répondre à des critères sociaux et culturels. Une perception visuelle actualisée des mégalithismes, adaptée aux récentes thématiques développées amène un fil conducteur original d’étude de plusieurs mondes qui se sont combinés. L’état des connaissances depuis le milieu du XXème siècle a permis une appréhension différente des mégalithismes : - dans les années 1980, une connaissance plus complète des masses tumulaires et leurs liens étroits avec les chambres sépulcrales (Joussaume, 1997, 1999, 2003 ; Joussaume et al. 2006). - dans les années 2000 une prise en compte de l’histoire des monuments (Joussaume et al. 2006 ; Laporte, 2010 ; Laporte et al. 2004, 2011). - de nos jours, une appréhension différente des articulations entre les pierres dressées, les tumulus et les chambres sépulcrales (Laporte, 2015 ; Laporte et al. 2011). Le processus de cette monumentalisation architecturale a souvent fait l’objet d’études distinctes, les espaces sépulcraux et les pierres dressées servant de bases à deux axes de recherches séparées. Seule l’étude des stèles en remploi avait fait l’objet d’une attention particulière (L’Helgouac’h, 1983 ; Cassen, 2009b) et d’un rapprochement des deux dispositifs. Ce n’est que récemment que la complémentarité entre les espaces sépulcraux et les pierres dressées a réellement été proposée (Laporte, 2015b). Disposant d’un important corpus actualisé des mégalithes du département du Morbihan, il a donc été proposé de développer dans cette thèse cette notion de complémentarité entre les différents dispositifs qui constituent les mégalithismes. Les hypothèses formulées sont de démontrer que les processus de monumentalisation sont issus d’un croisement architectural entre les pierres dressées, les espaces sépulcraux et les masses tumulaires. Nous tenterons également de montrer les liens étroits qui semblent se dessiner entre trois mondes très différents mais intimement liés (le monde des vivants, le monde des morts et le monde naturel)
Megalithism is the monumental architectural expression of a group of societies that have built funerary structures and erected stones. The genesis of megalithism, the human phenomenon of the end of prehistory, draws its origins from multiple conjugations of the different currents of neolithization with varied traditions, geographical influences sometimes distant, at different times. The combination of many social elements of these agro-pastoral societies has generated generations of architects and contributed to the implementation of architectural diversity The desire to put the houses of the dead to the same level as the houses of the living seems to meet social and cultural criteria. An updated visual perception of megalithisms, adapted to the recent themes developed, brings an original thread of study of several worlds that have combined. The state of knowledge since the middle of the 20th century allowed a different apprehension of megalithisms: - in the 1980s, a more complete knowledge of the tumular masses and their close links with the sepulchral chambers (Joussaume, 1997, 1999, 2003, Joussaume et al., 2006). - in the 2000s, taking into account the history of monuments (Joussaume et al., 2006, Laporte, 2010, Laporte et al., 2004, 2011). - today, a different apprehension of the articulations between the erected stones, the tumuli and the sepulchral chambers (Laporte, 2015, Laporte et al., 2011). The process of this architectural monumentalization has often been the subject of separate studies, sepulchral spaces and erected stones serving as bases for two separate lines of research. Only the study of stelae in reuse had been the object of particular attention (L'Helgouac'h, 1983, Cassen, 2009b) and a comparison of the two devices. It is only recently that the complementarity between sepulchral spaces and erected stones has actually been proposed (Laporte, 2015b). It has therefore been proposed to develop in this thesis the notion of complementarity between the different mechanisms that constitute megalithisms. The hypotheses formulated are to demonstrate that the processes of monumentalisation are the result of an architectural crossing between the erected stones, the sepulchral spaces and the tumular masses. We will also try to show the close ties that seem to be taking shape between three very different but intimately linked worlds (the world of the living, the world of the dead and the natural world)
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Beckett, J. F. "Death and burial on the Burren : a taphonomic study of three megalithic monuments in County Clare, Ireland." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596513.

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Burial is a highly symbolic activity through which concepts of the world are reflected in the representation and treatment of human remains. While mortuary studies in archaeology and anthropology have had a long history, our understanding of Neolithic societies through mortuary analyses is lacking. This research is a regional comparison of the taphonomy of three megalithic monuments in the Burren, County Clare, Ireland. Through an integration of taphonomy, bioarchaeology, and social archaeological theory, the burial practices of earlier Neolithic societies in Ireland were assessed to understand how societies used burial in socially significant ways. These methods further our understandings of these societies by revealing who, how many, and what types of people were buried here, as well as determine the history of the bones themselves. Finally, what types of burial rites took place and the treatment/manipulation of the dead is also understood through such integration. A comparison of burial practices also lessens the gap in our knowledge of the nature of social interactions and relationships on the Burren. The Parknabinnia chambered tomb, Poulnabrone portal tomb, and Poulawack Linkardstown-type cairn are located within 3 kilometres of each other, and date to contemporary periods. The osteology and bioarchaeology reveal very similar people were buried in these monuments. Yet, there are three morphologically different monuments, set into different landscapes. The taphonomic evidence further shows some differences in burial practices were taking place at these sites. However, it is important that we do not read differences in burial practices or typology to mean different cultures or people, as this research presents a very clear case for the availability of a variety of practices for even a single Neolithic society. A study of burial practices then can further inform about meaning and cultural practice during the Neolithic.
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Fisher, David. "Employing 3-dimensional computer simulation to examine the archaeoastronomy of Scottish megalithic sites : the implication of plate tectonics and isostasis." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683082.

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Jeffrey, Stuart. "Three dimensional modelling of Scottish early medieval sculpted stones." Thesis, Connect to electronic version, 2003. http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/theses/jeffrey%5F2004/index.cfm.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Glasgow, 2003.
Accompanied by CD-ROM. Ph. D. thesis submitted to the Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, 2003. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Books on the topic "Megalith monuments"

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The megalith builders of Western Europe. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1985.

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Freeden, Joachim von. Malta und die Baukunst seiner Megalith-Tempel. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1993.

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Santos, Ana Palma dos. Monumentos megalíticos do Alto Alentejo =: Megalith sites in Alto Alentejo. Lisboa: Fenda, 1994.

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John, Burke. Seed of knowledge, stone of plenty: Understanding the lost technology of the megalith builders. San Francisco, CA: Council Oak Books, 2006.

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John, Burke. Seed of knowledge, stone of plenty: Understanding the lost technology of the megalith builders. San Francisco: Council Oak Books, 2005.

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Die gläsernen Türme von Atlantis: Erinnerungen an Megalith-Europa. Frankfurt/M: Ullstein, 1986.

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Joussaume, Roger. Dolmens for the dead: Megalith-building throughout the world. London: Guild Publishing, 1988.

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Joussaume, Roger. Dolmens for the dead: Megalith-building throughout the world. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1988.

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Dolmens for the dead: Megalith-building throughout the world. London: B.T. Batsford, 1988.

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Krzak, Zygmunt. Megality Europy. Warszawa: Wydawn. Nauk. PWN, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Megalith monuments"

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Nelson, Sarah Milledge. "Megalithic Monuments in Korea." In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 1–3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3934-5_8772-2.

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Nelson, Sarah Milledge. "Megalithic Monuments in Korea." In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 3095–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7747-7_8772.

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Cummings, Vicki. "From midden to megalith? The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Britain." In Going Over: The Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in North-West Europe. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264140.003.0024.

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The transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic in Britain and Ireland remains one of the most debated and contested transitions of prehistory. Much more complex than a simple transition from hunting and gathering to farming, the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in Britain has been discussed not only as an economic and technological transformation, but also as an ideological one. In western Britain in particular, with its wealth of Neolithic monuments, considerable emphasis has been placed on the role of monumentality in the transition process. Over the past decade the author‧s research has concentrated on the early Neolithic monumental traditions of western Britain, a deliberate focus on areas outside the more ‘luminous’ centres of Wessex, the Cotswold–Severn region, and Orkney. This chapter discusses the transition in western Britain, with an emphasis on the monuments of this region. In particular, it discusses the areas around the Irish Sea – west Wales, the Isle of Man, south-west and western Scotland – as well as referring to the sequence on the other side of the Irish Sea, specifically eastern Ireland.
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Blas Cortina, Miguel Ángel de, and Marta Díaz-Guardamino. "Megaliths and Holy Places in the Genesis of the Kingdom of Asturias (North of Spain, ad 718–910)." In The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724605.003.0018.

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Flowing from the Picos de Europa mountain range into the Bay of Biscay (in a SW–NE direction), the River Sella is the main dividing axis of the highly mountainous territory of Asturias, northern Spain, with peaks up to 2,500 metres. The first known human traces in the Sella river basin date back to the Middle Palaeolithic and include remains of thirteen Neanderthal individuals found in the cave of El Sidrón. Archaeological remains dating to the Upper Palaeolithic and the Epipalaeolithic are frequent throughout the region. The adoption of the Neolithic way of life in Asturias was modest. The polished axes found in large numbers and mostly manufactured with rocks imported from other regions, are one of the main sources of evidence to study the Asturian Neolithic. The most noticeable archaeological evidence for this period is, however, the megalithic phenomenon, the earliest monuments dating to the beginning of the fourth millennium BC. Unlike the usual concentrations of barrows and dolmens in other areas of northern Iberia, these constructions are often found on high ground, strategically overlooking the main stretches of well-travelled pathways. The most prominent Asturian megalith, Santa Cruz (Cangas de Onís), however, differs from the pattern outlined above, as it was placed on a fluvial terrace, on a location often flooded by the Sella and Güeña rivers, which meet here (Blas Cortina 1997a; 1997b). The low altitude and the fair conditions of the optimal Holocene would have provided the basis for a densely forested environment throughout the fifth and fourth millennia bc. Historically, the most populated town of this region has been Cangas de Onís, located in the confluence of the Sella and Güeña rivers, where the best agricultural land is also found. These apt conditions also extend to the adjoining valley of Güeña, home to the sites of Covadonga and Abamia, which bear witness to the interweaving of prehistoric memory and Medieval affairs that will be discussed in this chapter.
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Scarre, Chris. "Changing places: monuments and the Neolithic transition in western France." In Going Over: The Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in North-West Europe. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264140.003.0013.

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The suggestion that monuments were not a feature of the initial Neolithic poses anew the question of the Mesolithic contribution to the earliest Neolithic of Atlantic Europe. Put bluntly, are these monuments the consequence of contact and acculturation between incoming farmers and indigenous hunter-gatherers, as was envisaged twenty years ago? If so, what was the nature of the Mesolithic contribution? Was it the forms of the monuments themselves, or did it lie more generally in attitudes to materials, places, and landscape? This chapter suggests that the craggy landscapes of Atlantic Europe may have inspired the construction of megalithic monuments. The new monumentality could as well have been the response of incoming farming communities to these landscapes, however, as a transformation in the behaviour of indigenous foraging groups, who may have envisaged these landscapes in entirely different ways. The landscape beliefs of Mesolithic communities might have played a role in the inception of megaliths, but the scarcity of Mesolithic monuments and the presence of a ‘premonument’ Neolithic suggests that it was the advent of farming groups or farming ideologies that laid the crucial foundations.
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"Megaliths in a mythologised landscape." In Monuments and Landscape in Atlantic Europe, 162–86. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203994054-17.

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Bradley, Richard. "Houses into Tombs." In The Idea of Order. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199608096.003.0010.

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At the French site of Aillevans, not far from the border with Switzerland, there is a group of megalithic tombs (Pétrequin and Pinigre 1976). At first sight, these monuments conform to a wider tradition which is best represented at Sion on the Swiss side of the frontier, and at Aosta in Italy. In each case they feature massive stone cists associated with unburnt human bones (Mezzena 1998). These structures were sometimes located at one end of a low rubble platform or cairn, which could be either triangular or trapezoidal in plan. At Aosta and Sion they incorporated the remains of a series of anthropomorphic sculptures and, for that reason, the excavated evidence has played an important role in studies of statue menhirs. Dolmen 1 at Aillevans is equally remarkable but, in this case, the results of excavation have not attracted the attention they deserve (Pétrequin and Pinigre 1976: 325–49; Figure 25). In its original form, this structure consisted of a round mound six metres in diameter with a stone chamber and an antechamber. Again, it was associated with a quantity of disarticulated human bones. In a subsequent phase that construction was encased within a much larger trapezoidal cairn, seventeen metres in length. Although the circular monument was no longer a freestanding element, both its chamber and antechamber were retained. This was one of the latest megaliths in Europe, but sequences of this kind can be recognized at older tombs distributed across a much larger area. In its final phase, Dolmen 1 changed its character again. The chambered tomb was enclosed within a large wooden structure which had a similar outline to the cairn. The excavators concluded that it had been a roofed building. The stone chamber was located inside its eastern end, but the antechamber was left uncovered and acted as a kind of porch. Seen from a distance, the monument might have looked like a domestic dwelling. Indeed, Pétrequin and Pinigre (1976) specifically compare it with the well preserved buildings in the waterlogged Late Neolithic settlement at Clairvaux. According to their account, a megalithic tomb at Aillevans was almost completely concealed inside what appeared to be a house.
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Sanmartí, Joan, and Nabil Kallala. "Roman Dolmens? The Megalithic Necropolises of Eastern Maghreb Revisited." In The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724605.003.0022.

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North Africa has a rich tradition of archaeological studies. Its origins and early development are linked to the modern colonization of the region by several European powers, but it has also had a remarkable continuity after decolonization, both in international cooperation missions and in solo work developed by the research institutions of the Maghreb states, most particularly in Tunisia. However, this research has been extremely biased as regards the periods and cultures studied, since, due to easy to imagine political reasons related to the European colonization, the Roman period and the remains of early Christianity constituted a primary aim of the research. For this reason, pre-Roman levels that lie below the vast majority of Roman sites have been hardly explored. Although this state of affairs persisted after decolonization, it has been slowly changing in recent years. The situation is somewhat different with regard to funerary archaeology, as North Africa, especially its eastern portion, is characterized by the existence of a surprising number and diversity of pre-Roman sepulchral monuments (there are tens of thousands of recorded monuments) (Camps 1961). Owing to their high visibility, these monuments constitute the best-known aspect of North Africa’s pre-Roman archaeology. Yet, current knowledge on them is still limited due to the small number of excavations that have been carried out following modern methodology. In addition to the large monumental tombs linked to Numidian monarchies (strongly influenced by Punic and Hellenistic models), we can mention, among others, the following types: rock-cut chamber tombs (known as haouanet); large mounds that hide funerary chambers that are completely invisible from the outside (at times, they are bordered by more or less substantial walls; they are then called bazinas); tower-shaped monuments (called chouchet in Algeria); other structures are essentially similar to European dolmens, and still others consist of generally small built chambers surrounded by circular walls and covered by megalithic slabs; very frequently these are also called ‘dolmens’, although they do not have any side access and they frequently do not seem to be collective graves.
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Vine, Angus. "Monuments and Megaliths: From Stonehenge to ‘Stonage’." In In Defiance of Time, 109–38. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566198.003.0005.

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Cummings, Vicki, and Colin Richards. "A monumental task:." In The Megalithic Architectures of Europe, 49–58. Oxbow Books, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dpw8.9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Megalith monuments"

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Seglins, Valdis, Agnese Kukela, and Baiba Lazdina. "THE MONUMENTS OF THE MEGALITHIC CULTURE ON THE ISLAND OF RAB, CROATIA." In 7th SWS International Scientific Conference on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2020 Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscah.2020.7.1/s19.05.

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