Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mégalithes'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 22 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Mégalithes.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Gouézin, Philippe. "Structures funéraires et pierres dressées : analyses architectorales et spaciales : mégalithes du département du Morbihan." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S112/document.
Full textMegalithism is the monumental architectural expression of a group of societies that have built funerary structures and erected stones. The genesis of megalithism, the human phenomenon of the end of prehistory, draws its origins from multiple conjugations of the different currents of neolithization with varied traditions, geographical influences sometimes distant, at different times. The combination of many social elements of these agro-pastoral societies has generated generations of architects and contributed to the implementation of architectural diversity The desire to put the houses of the dead to the same level as the houses of the living seems to meet social and cultural criteria. An updated visual perception of megalithisms, adapted to the recent themes developed, brings an original thread of study of several worlds that have combined. The state of knowledge since the middle of the 20th century allowed a different apprehension of megalithisms: - in the 1980s, a more complete knowledge of the tumular masses and their close links with the sepulchral chambers (Joussaume, 1997, 1999, 2003, Joussaume et al., 2006). - in the 2000s, taking into account the history of monuments (Joussaume et al., 2006, Laporte, 2010, Laporte et al., 2004, 2011). - today, a different apprehension of the articulations between the erected stones, the tumuli and the sepulchral chambers (Laporte, 2015, Laporte et al., 2011). The process of this architectural monumentalization has often been the subject of separate studies, sepulchral spaces and erected stones serving as bases for two separate lines of research. Only the study of stelae in reuse had been the object of particular attention (L'Helgouac'h, 1983, Cassen, 2009b) and a comparison of the two devices. It is only recently that the complementarity between sepulchral spaces and erected stones has actually been proposed (Laporte, 2015b). It has therefore been proposed to develop in this thesis the notion of complementarity between the different mechanisms that constitute megalithisms. The hypotheses formulated are to demonstrate that the processes of monumentalisation are the result of an architectural crossing between the erected stones, the sepulchral spaces and the tumular masses. We will also try to show the close ties that seem to be taking shape between three very different but intimately linked worlds (the world of the living, the world of the dead and the natural world)
Zangato, Étienne. "Etude du mégalithisme dans le nord-ouest de la République centrafricaine." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100078.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis is based on fieldwork including both surveys and archaeological evidence from excavations. Different approaches such as spatial analysis, ethno archaeology of a village catchment area, and experimental archaeology are used in order to explain the contextual meaning of megalithic monuments and highlight their relations with other archaeological evidence. The megalithic monuments from the Bouar region in northwestern centrafrican republic are characterized by the presence of some specific feature res a low artificial mound, standing stones in granite varying in number from 2 to 100, lateral niches and for small cairns. The monuments have provided a small amount of archaeological material; mostly potshards with few iron stag, stone and iron artefacts. The megaliths are distributed over an area of about 1300 km2 on the divide between the chad and Congo drainage. Radiocarbon dates suggest the existence of two building phases: an early phase easting 800 B. C. To A. D. 500 and a late phase from ad 1300 to ad 1900. In this research we propose a symbolic interpretation of the megalithic monuments. This new light is based on studies concerning the strategies used to build the megalithic structures, the material record collected during excavations and the analysis of patterned relations between megalithic monument, village sites and iron-working sites from the later
Alebachew, Belay Birru. "Megaliths, landscapes and society in the central highlands of Ethiopia : an archaeological research." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU20026.
Full textThis doctoral study is dealing with the Shay Culture, a megalithic culture of the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. The archaeological data collected through prospection in three seasons include pictures, measurements, GPS readings, observation, oral inquiry notes and the surface collection of artifacts. These data were sorted and analyzed and the findings are described with illustrative maps and pictures. The spatial extent of the culture, which is the primary issue in the study is determined and classified into core, periphery-core, and periphery zones based on the investigation of the distribution of megaliths. It is also evident that there was a connection between megaliths and natural features, such as rivers. Major routes of the megalithic process in the region are also identified. Besides, oral sources and observations of the on-going religious practices that incorporate megalithic (pagan) elements in the local Christian traditions show the connection that still exists between the society and the megalithic landscapes. Moreover, monumental and symbolic transformations from megalithic to the later Christian and Islamic monuments are noted. The relative chronology formulated based on typo-morphological analysis of megaliths and cross-dating mostly meets the C-14 dates from the previous studies in the region and the chronologies of southern megaliths that imply the contiguous temporal context of megalithism in the two regions. Thus, based on the surface archaeological data, this study rectifies the major issues related to the spatial and typological frameworks that led to determining the synergy among megaliths, landscapes, and society in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Devignes, Marc. "Le mégalithisme en Aquitaine." Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30046.
Full textThe south of aquitaine basin (tertiary and quaternary area) has an original and polymorphic megalithism which counts more than 200 monuments (dolmens, menhirs). The beginning of this megalithism dates from middle neolithic (passage graves, great tumulus with central cist) and his peak probably dates from the end of the same period. Some likeness to megalithism of near areas (pays basque, aude catalogne) are recorded
Bresson, Jean-Robert. "Le mégalithisme dans le Berry." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/bresson_jr.
Full textMarcus, Thierry. "Le patrimoine mégalithique, conscience identitaire du paysage littoral breton : un héritage dévoyé." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3039.
Full textSteimer-Herbet, Tara. ""Les tombes en blocs mégalithiques et en maçonnerie de pierres sèches du Levant et la Péninsule arabique aux IVe et IIIe millénaires avant J. -C. "." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010542.
Full textDevignes, Marc. "Les monuments mégalithiques de la Gironde : inventaire et analyse." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30057.
Full textThe department of Gironde, with 62 megalithic monuments, presents a diversified megalithic of which some aspects are original. It begins during middle Neolithic (passage dolmens, great barrows with central cist), blows during recent Neolithic ("allées d'aquitaine", "allées couvertes girondines") and lasts during late Neolithic (simple dolmens). It permits to see exchanges with neighboring areas (Bretagne, centre-ouest, Aude, catalogne, Navarre). Future searches must clarify some chronological problems, especially for the question of the " allées couvertes"
Mens, Emmanuel. "L' affleurement partagé : gestion du matériau mégalithique et chronologie de ses représentations gravées dans le Néolithique moyen armoricain." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT3001.
Full textArs, François. "La société polymathique du Morbihan et la conservation du patrimoine mégalithique : 1826-1939." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT3006.
Full textBekele, Metasebia. "Pierres dressées et coutumes funéraires dans les sociétés Konso et Gewada du sud de l'Éthiopie." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010691.
Full textBokbot, Youssef. "Habitats et monuments funéraires du Maroc protohistorique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10030.
Full textOur knowledge about protohistoric times in morocco has greatly evolved. Until lately, the scientific community has always denied simply and purely, the use of metals by paleoberber populations before the arrival of the phoenician traders. The data available today allow us to say that the western maghreb knew a cooper age and a bronze age. The two ages are very sensitive to the influences coming from the iberic peninsula. However, documents in favour of a local metallurgical industry exist. The iron age in morocco is characterized by the development of the high habitat with a defensive aspect and the multiplication and the diversification of funerary monuments. These funerary monuments get their prototype either from the iberic peninsula or from the sahara. But there exist also some types of monuments which are characteristic of morocco. Since characteristic documents are not yet found, it is difficult to put a date on the majority of these monuments
Ferraz, Ana Lúcia. "Iconographie des sociétés néolithiques : entre Atlantique et Méditerranée, les stèles décorées de l'Alentejo Central." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0144.
Full textOur research treats a set of Neolithic engraved stelae from the Alentejo Central region, located in the south of Portugal. In this research we present updated drawings of the stelae as well as the classification, description and format analysis of the recognized signs and decorated elements. We also propose, with the help of the methodological framework of semio-pragmatic analysis, a reasoned interpretation of the graphie Systems recognized in the set. We were able to understand and describe the process that leads the sign, the geometrie form, to the representation of a figurative decorated element. Thus we identify what the signs represente explicitly. The iconic, plastic and implantation choices made for the stelae were also described. This way we were able to propose an hypothesis concerning the implicit significations of the decorated elements and acknowledge the preferences of our study set. These stylistic characteristics allowed us to divise our set and form three groups. Each group has specifie characteristics in a iconic, plastic and implantation point of view. Two major themes are recognized within these three groups of stelae : the anthropomorphic and the narrative theme. The overview of the archaeological field data and the comparative study between figurated and real objects allow us to propose at the end of our study a chronological and cultural integration of our set of engraved stelae
Colmont, Gérard. "Archéologie et anthropologie des populations mégalithiques du nord de l'Aquitaine : l'exemple charentais." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0001.
Full textThe survey of megaliths of'charente-maritime' counts l60 monuments including 46 passage-graves and chests,and 44 long-barrows. We have been able to show that 45% of the megaliths have disappeared in'charente-maritime' during the last two centuries. The excentric passagegraves with quadrangular chamber appear in'charente-maritime' in the fourth millenary bc. The use of chests for burials continues throughout this period. The presence of 'coupes a socle' and 'vases a cupule interne'remains gives proof that the passage-graves have been in use during the middle neolithic. The megalithic burials are always in use during the late neolithic and chalcolithic periods;in these periods, burials are either collectives or individuals. An inventive geological study (systematical microfacies analysis on limestone) shows the existence of short range areas (less than two kilometers)of supplying sources of limestone slabs by the local neolithic cultures. An anthropological study of bone's found in 6 burial chambers (passage-graves with quadrangular chambers and chests) provides some findings in paleodemography,paleosociology and paleopathology. Our findings were compared to results of other investigations in south-west and center of france. We thus argued about the usual mortuary practices during the fourth millenary bc (primary practices) and the third millenary bc (secondary practices)
Leandri, Franck. "Le mégalithisme de la Corse : monuments, essai chronologique, catalogue." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU20072.
Full textMegalithism is a significant and emblematic phenomenon in Corsica. However, syntheses on this theme are lacking or are limited to chapters treated in the framework of general works on the prehistory of the island. The difficulty of dealing with this subject in its entirety is explained by the lack of a systematic inventory of sites, by the eclectic nature of the documentation available and finally by the scarcity of work meeting the requirements of modern archaeological research.In recent years, the excavations carried out on several deposits and the new architectural expertise, described for many at the beginning of the 20th century, have provided a significant amount of information. Thus questions related to the characterization, chronology, origin and development of megalithism in Corsica can be better addressed from this widely updated documentation.Our research aims above all to illustrate a real field approach. The figures speak for themselves: we have appraised more than 200 deposits and carried out around 20 excavation and prospecting campaigns, sometimes involving dozens of people. So we will not find in this text any ideas or theories based on unreliable observations. Our ambition is to present a state of the art, credible and lasting, avoiding embarking on large incomprehensible dissertations, thus responding to the wish of Professor Giot for the whole of European megalithism. Across the Mediterranean, and in particular nearby Sardinia, we will also try to understand the influences that contributed to the development of this phenomenon
Vaquero, Lastres Jacobo. "Les extrêmes distincts : la configuration de l'espace dans les sociétés ayant bâti des tertres funéraires dans le nord-ouest ibérique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010686.
Full textAll collective spatial manifestation of a process or a estate is realised under a spatial conception, formal and unconscious, that must be interpreted like an attribute of a collective think. The megalithic constructions, like a reference of one only architectonic aspect, are a special kind of manifestation present around the time and the space; his investigation will do possible the validation of this hypothesis. The tomb's form and his location in a landscape must show us the same kind of formal references that let us develop a model about an abstraction of the essential of this fundaments, and her associated representation. In NW Iberia, a certain degree of the knowledge about this type of this funerary prehistoric buildings (group of constructions with a mound appearance often called megalithic) favour the application, the illustration and the authentication of this theory. The similar appearance of the tumular constructions allow the determination of the different tendencies of disposition in their environment. When the different concepts hides under the distinct emplacements are identified, it's possible anticipate the architectural design of each style. The result will be a matrix that, making a correspondence between the structures and the environments, can be the reflex at least of two thought's extremes, completely different in the builder societies of the tumular forms. The archeographical consequence more important will be the elaboration of a model outside the classic typological orders utilised in the prehistoric synthesis of the NW. This new model allow to break the wrong unity solidify in this context and open a door for an introduction of the galician mounds in the standards orders archeographical in Europe
Soula, Florian. "Les pierres dressées de l'aire corso-sarde : Etude systémique des territoires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3099.
Full textAmong the themes explored by Prehistory, megalithism is a full-fledged part of the history of prehistoric peoples. Among the multiple megalithic events in the world, the theme of standing stones is one of the most obscure. For this reason, the study of this phenomenon is relatively delicate. The large disparity of available data, however, is not an essential limit to the development of regional syntheses of the phenomenon. The megalithic phenomenon of standing stones of the Corsica and Sardinia area is the subject of an increasing interest since the nineteenth century. The latest researches done on the subject in Corsica and Sardinia demonstrate significant changes in approaches and methods of analysis. This work can be partially placed in line with these new approaches. The analysis of this phenomenon in Corsica and Sardinia required the apprehension of all archaeological contexts (settlements and funeral sites) from a geographical point of view, that is to say the study of prehistoric and protohistoric territories. The existing links between the standing stones and the megalithic builders' communities are one of the keys to understanding this type of practice. The territorial aspects of standing stones and by extension of megalitism are one of the most important actual questions. This thesis proposes to approach the standing stones phenomenon from different intersecting points of view: territorial, environmental and chrono-cultural. To do this, a specific methodology has been developed through the complementary association of Cartesian and Systemic precepts
Azémar, Rémi. "Le mégalithisme du Larzac aveyronnais : interface d'un phénomène et gestion des espaces." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0048.
Full textThe long time, singular ecological contrasts enable to seize the particularities of the Larzac in Aveyron and it’s relation to space to the changes of the agricultural system. The long time from the early Final Neolithic Age, even from the Middle Neolithic Age, to the Bronze Age marks a time of constructions and reuse. In this large temporal amplitude, a situation with an interface in contact with numerous influences on a major axis of the Megalithism creates the variety. The relation to space is included into a mix of association of soils with the ways and means of the agricultural system where the monuments are located in appropriated spaces. So, their seedling unveils a settlement pattern. At a regional level, as well as in the Larzac, preferential or abandoned occupation areas individualize themselves dictating spatial unities based on agricultural potentialities, complementarities and opening capacities. Expansion or separation rhythms in recent prehistory could dilate or contract spatial regions and their components, without being excluded of their independences. The scale level and the Larzac model should not induce a smoothing. Other regional and environmental realities could contribute to nuanced forms of ancient settlement including Les Grands Causses. This spatial investigation over the long term and avoiding the anachronism pitfall, can join the current research on Megalithism and its systemic analysis open to disciplinary approaches convergences
Linares, Catela José Antonio. "El Megalitismo en el sur de la Península Ibérica : arquitectura, construcción y usos de los monumentos del área de Huelva, Andalucía occidental." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S161.
Full textThe area of Huelva stands out for the architectural variability and singularity of the megalithic monuments. The study of this area allows us to propose an architectural sequence and a temporality from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in western Andalusia, contrasting with the southern models of the Iberian Peninsula and contextualizing the dynamics of western European megalithism. To do this, the research focuses on the study of three spheres of monuments: architecture, construction and uses (funerary, ritual and territorial). The identification and characterization of the architectural projects of the analyzed sites (Los Llanetes and El Seminario) has been carried out through a methodology oriented to the knowledge of construction works, architectures and diachronies. The architectural sequence of western Andalusia encompasses a temporality from the beginning of the 4th millennium to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. During this chronology several models of funerary monuments and rituals erected with a variety of constructive techniques, representing the existence of regional styles or local specializations according to the different social groups. By way of synthesis, the regional sequence evidences the following process : The construction of the first dolmens at the beginning of the 4th millennium cal BC, as evidenced by the oval-elongated chamber monuments of Los Llanetes, built c. 3950-3750 cal BC. In the south of the peninsula c. 3800 cal BC burst the funerary collectivism as a ritual of death, developing burials in simple chamber dolmens, proto-megalithic tombs, necropolis-caves or sepulchral caves ; The formation of the elongated-chamber dolmens, c. 3750-3650 cal BC, through two ways: a) ex novo models; b) by processes of transformation of old monuments, case of Los Llanetes. The reiteration of similar architectural projects would condition the development of elongated monuments, as has been confirmed in the dolmen 4 of El Pozuelo, c. 3650-3200 cal BC. Characteristics and similar architectural formulas could be presented in the "covered gallery graves" of Andalusia, built during the central centuries and the second half of the 4th millennium BC ; The dual chamber dolmens of Los Llanetes were built on the previous monuments, c. 3650-3200 cal BC, parallel to the passage grave and elongated structures of other areas. The monuments of multiple chambers (El Pozuelo, Mesa de Las Huecas, Los Gabrieles, etc.) had to present equivalent transformation processes, being unique, particular and exclusive models of the area of Huelva and surrounding areas ; In the various orthostatic monuments were carry out the monumentalization projects and structures arranged in the atriums and external spaces according to the new ritual uses of the Copper Age, c. 3300-2600 cal BC, in addition to the integration of other funerary constructions (tholoi) in the tumular monuments, c. 2600-2250 cal BC, case of the dolmen 2 of Los Llanetes ; The implantation and consolidation of three models of funerary monuments in the Copper Age: hypogeums, mixed hypogeums and tholoi, as witnessed by the diachronic sequence of the collective graves of El Seminario, c. 3000-2400 cal BC. These tombs share common space elements and funerary practices ; The existence of other forms of monumentality of the Ancient Bronze Age, c. 2250-1950 cal BC, as a consequence of the reappropriation of the ancestral spaces: 1) the terrace enclosures of the Llanetes group; 2) the funerary monumentalism of El Seminario, integrating individual tombs (subterranean caves, pits and structures with tumular coverings) and collective graves (pits) in the chalcolithic tombs ; Reuse in various phases of the Bronze Age and in several historical periods
Onda, François-Joseph. "Le féminin dans les paysages pré-chrétiens irlandais." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725801.
Full textCousseau, Florian. "Archéologie du bâti mégalithique dans l'ouest de la France." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S153.
Full textRecent megalithic research on Neolithic tumulus in western France takes more and more interest in architecture in its entirety. However, our knowledges remain uneven. The architectonic data, related to the construction site, are almost nonexistent compared to the architectural data, about the formal and ornamental aspects. Moreover, both are more numerous for the massive blocks (orthostats and cap stones) than for the dry stone masonry which however is the predominant part of a tumulus. This thesis aspires to balance and improve our understanding of these architectures by developing an appropriate methodology to read all kinds of elevations. It adapts the building archeology, used for historical edifices, to the megalithic architecture principles. Its application has two steps. The first concerns the little studied circular plan buildings. The examined sites are the cairn III of the tumulus C of Péré at Prissé-la-Charrière, the edifice B of Boixe necropolis at Vervant and the Motte de la Jacquille at Fontenille. This step results in a global synthesis on the tumulus of this type. The second step aims to understand both architectonic and architectural evolutions of megalithic buildings. It includes the study of the Carn tumulus at Ploudalmezeau, as well as the south tumulus of Barnenez at Plouezoc'h, both revealed by P.-R. Giot whose excavations had suggested complex phasings. Furthermore, these two buildings contain almost all the corbelled vaults in good condition in the west of France, opening a particular research axis on this type of covering. The architectural studies synthesis of these different sites allows an assessment of the methodological approach of the megalithic architectures and lead to discussions and perspectives of studies about the times of the construction and the architectural evolution for the whole megalithism in western France. This synthesis also gives a new vision of Neolithic societies who ordered, built, used, restructured and abandoned these architectures
Chateauneuf, Florent. "Les dolmens de la fin du Néolithique en Languedoc oriental : élement discriminants pour leur étude technique et chronologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3141/document.
Full textTo the southeast of the Massif Central, East Languedoc encompasses the three French departments of Ardèche, Gard and Hérault. With nearly 1,600 listed dolmens, mostly located on small limestone plateaus, the area contains the second megalithic concentration in the country, behind the Grands Causses region. The study of dolmens is ancient, since first hypotheses concerning their function back to the early 19th century. In the south of France, they have led to the classification of graves in three typological groups (Arnal 1963; Chevalier 1984). It appears, from recent publications, an embarrassment to adhere fully to the three main types, without questioning them. Therefore, the first fruits of our reflection included a number of questions regarding the adequacy of the current type and the state of knowledge in the west of the Rhone. The central issue of our work has been on the one hand to demonstrate expertise megalithic and secondly to try to resolve issues of chronology and cultural affiliation of Languedoc graves. In this context, we explored the monuments through three main axes. The first took the form of morphological and comparative analysis of dolmens, freed of typological presupposition. The second led us to bring the interrogation in the field of techniques. The recognition of the choices made by the builders can trace megalithic operating chain and identify possible differences in cultural. The third view is the symbolic implications of the choice of the orientation of the grave. The reasons which led to favor a particular orientation seem indeed related to worship or environmental factors, or a combination of these factors