Academic literature on the topic 'Mei shu xue yuan'

The article “Changes of Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 Response to Negative Symptom Improvements in Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Atypical Antipsychotics”, written by Xue-lin CHAO, Shu-zhen JIANG, Jian-wen XIONG, Jin-qiong ZHAN, Bo WEI, Chun-nuan CHEN, Yuan-jian YANG was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on June 2020 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice, the copyright of the article is changed to © The Author(s) 2020 and the article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Traditional Chinese herbal products (CHPs) have been described in ancient medicine systems as treatments for various stroke-associated ailments. This study is aimed to investigate the prescription patterns and combinations of CHPs for ischemic stroke in Taiwan. Prescriptions of CHPs for ischemic stroke were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. Every prescription with a leading diagnosis of ischemic stroke made during 2000–2010 was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were applied to the pattern of co-prescriptions. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess demographic and risk factors that are correlated with CHP use. The dataset of inpatient claims data contained information on 15,896 subjects who experienced ischemic stroke from 2000 to 2010. There was an average of 5.82 CHPs in a single prescription for subjects with ischemic stroke. Bu-yang-huan-wu-tang (BYHWT) (40.32%) was by far the most frequently prescribed formula CHP for ischemic stroke, and the most commonly used combination of two-formula-CHP was BYHWT with Shu-jin-huo-xue-tang (SJHXT) (4.40%). Dan Shen (16.50%) was the most commonly used single CHP for ischemic stroke, and the most commonly used combination of two single CHPs was Shi Chang Pua with Yuan Zhi (4.79%). We found that BYHWT and Dan Shen were the most frequently prescribed formula and single CHP for ischemic stroke, respectively. These results provide information about individualized therapy and may contribute to further pharmacologic experiments and clinical trials.

Objetivo: Esse estudo objetivou investigar percepções de estudantes de Odontologia quanto ao medo e à ansiedade em relação ao manejo de pacientes e ao risco de infecção por COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: Esse estudo transversal envolveu todos os alunos regularmente matriculados em Odontologia, no primeiro semestre de 2020, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Um questionário foi aplicado, coletando dados demográficos, nível de formação e perguntas relacionadas ao medo e ansiedade frente à pandemia de COVID-19. Quatro comparações de acordo com a fase da graduação (fase pré-clínica ou clínica), nível de graduação e pós-graduação e de acordo com os sexos foram feitas. Análises independentes para as comparações entre os sexos foram realizadas para os alunos de graduação e de pós-graduação (α<5%). Resultados: Foram incluídos 408 estudantes. Na graduação, mulheres relataram sentirem-se mais ansiosas ao realizar tratamento em pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19 (54%) e sentem mais medo ao ouvir que a infecção tem causado mortes (92,4%), na pós-graduação, responderam ser mais nervosas para conversar com pacientes em ambientes fechados em comparações com homens (P<0,05). Alunos em fase pré-clínica possuem significativamente menor receio (65,5%), ansiedade (32,3%) e nervosismo (28,3%) do contágio do COVID-19 quando comparados com aqueles na fase clínica. Conclusões: Mulheres e alunos na fase clínica apresentam maior ansiedade e nervosismo. Descritores: Ansiedade; Estudantes de Odontologia; Medo; Infecções por Coronavírus. Referências Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. [Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020;40(2):171-176. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19- 11 March 2020. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Acesso em: 8 de novembro de 2020. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020;288(2):192-206. Chen E, Lerman K, Ferrara E. Tracking Social Media Discourse About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19273. Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius DM. Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(6):718-722. Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res. 2020;99(5):481-487. Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):9. Machado RA, Bonan PRF, Perez DEDC, Martelli Júnior H. COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on dental education: discussing current and future perspectives. Braz Oral Res. 2020;34:e083. Ataş O, Talo Yildirim T. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and clinical education of dental students about COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ. 2020;8:e9575. Deery C. The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for dental education. Evid Based Dent. 2020;21(2):46-47. Basudan S, Binanzan N, Alhassan A. Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students. Int J Med Educ. 2017;8:179-186. Elani HW, Allison PJ, Kumar RA, Mancini L, Lambrou A, Bedos C. A systematic review of stress in dental students. J Dent Educ. 2014; 78(2):226-42. Sahu P. Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7541. Ahmed MA, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z. Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2821. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, di Bernardo A, Capelli F, Pacitti F. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):137-44. Mijiritsky E, Hamama-Raz Y, Liu F, Datarkar AN, Mangani L, Caplan J, Shacham A, Kolerman R, Mijiritsky O, Ben-Ezra M, Shacham M. Subjective Overload and Psychological Distress among Dentists during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5074. Rymarowicz J, Stefura T, Major P, Szeliga J, Wallner G, Nowakowski M, Pędziwiatr M. General surgeons' attitudes towards COVID-19: A national survey during the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak. Eur Surg. 2020;1-6. Adams JG, Walls RM. Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic. JAMA. 2020;323(15):1439-40. Naz N, Iqbal S, Mahmood A. Stress, anxiety and depression among the dental students of university college of medicine and dentistry Lahore; Pakistan. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2017;11(4):1277-81. Waqas A, Iftikhar A, Malik Z, Aedma KK, Meraj H, Naveed S. Association of severity of depressive symptoms with sleep quality, social support and stress among Pakistani medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study. Global Psychiatry. 2019;2(2):211-20. Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Health Med. 2020;1-10. Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, Chen-Li D, Iacobucci M, Ho R, Majeed A, McIntyre RS. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:55-64. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, Wu L, Sun Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu W. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287;112921. Terán E, Mayta-Tovalino F. Risk Factors, Self-perceived Stress, and Clinical Training among Dentistry Students in Peru: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019;20(5):561-5. Uraz A, Tocak YS, Yozgatligil C, Cetiner S, Bal B. Psychological well-being, health, and stress sources in Turkish dental students. J Dent Educ. 2013:77(10):1345-55. Agius AM, Gatt G, Vento Zahra E, Busuttil A, Gainza-Cirauqui ML, Cortes ARG et al. Self-reported dental student stressors and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Educ. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12409. Hu J, Zou H, Dai Y, Feng Z. How to keep students engaged in oral health education during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Educ. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12420. Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xiang YT, Liu Z, Hu S, Zhang B. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):e17-8. Maia BR, Dias PC. Anxiety, depression and stress in university students: the impact of COVID-19. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas). 2020;37:e200067.

Aim: systematic review of studies in the medical literature of children with COVID – 19 in order to provide evidence of clinical, paraclinical characteristics and relative risk factors of severe degree in children with COVID-19. Research subjects: A systematic review of studies on COVID-19 in children published in the international medical literature. Research methods: the information of research reports was selected from information posted on the COVID-19 update reporting portal of the Ministry of Health, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WHO COVID-19 Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Database, WanFang Database through system overview. Results: we collected 115 studies related to COVID-19 in children, published from January 2020 to August 2021, and by screening, we selected 21 studies related to clinical, paraclinical characteristics and relative risk factors of severe degree in children with COVID-19. Keywords: Variant Delta, COVID-19 in children, Clinical, Paraclinical Characteristics and risk factors of severe degree. References [1] Minnistry of Health, Dayly Recorded of COVID-19 (in Vietnamese), https://www.moh.gov.vn/ (accessed on: August 31st, 2021).[2] World Health Organization, Clinical Management Severe Acute Respiratory Infection when Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection is Suspected: Interim Guidance, 2020, 28 January 2020, pp. 1-10.[3] CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), COVID-19 Response Team, Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children-United States, February 12-April 2, 2020, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020, Vol. 69, No, 14, pp. 422-426, https://doi.org/10. 15585/mmwr.mm6914e4.[4] J. F. Ludvigsson, Systematic review of COVID-19 in Children Shows Milder Cases and a Better Prognosis than Adults, Acta Paediatr, 2020 Jun, Vol. 109, No. 6, pp. 1088-1095, https://doi.org/10.1111.[5] CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), US COVID-19 Cases caused by Variants, Up-to-Date Info: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV (accessed on: August 31st, 2021).[6] N. Parri, M. L. D. Buonsenso, Children with Covid-19 in Pediatric Emergency Departments in Italy, N Engl J Med, 2020, Vol. 383, No. 2, pp. 187-190, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2007617, 2020. [7] Q. Lu and Y. Shi, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Neonate: what Neonatologist Need to Know, J Med Virol, 2020, Vol. 92, No. 6 , pp. 564-567, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25740. [8] H. Tezer and T. B. Demirdrag, Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Children, Turk J Med Sci, 2020, Vol 50, pp. 592-603, https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-17, 2020.[9] L. K. Zeng, X. W. Tao, W. H. Yuan et al., First Case of Neonate Infected with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in China. Front. Pediatr, 2020, Vol. 8, pp. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00287. [10] M. Wei, J. Yuan, Y. Liu et al., Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China. JAMA, 2020, Vol. 323, No. 13, pp. 1313-1314, https://doi.org /10.1001/jama.2020.2131. [11] D. Wang, X. L. Ju, F. Xie et al., Clinical Analysis of 31 Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children from Six Provinces (Autonomous Region) of Northern China, Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi, 2020, Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 269-274, https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20200225-00138, 2020. [12] S. Tiana, N. Hub, J. Lou et al., Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection in Beijing, J Infect, 2020, Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 401-406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.018. [13] H. Zhu, L. Wang, C. Fang et al., Clinical Analysis of 10 Neonates Born to Mothers with 2019-nCoV Pneumonia. Transl Pediatr, 2020, Vol. 9, pp. 51-60, https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.02.06. [14] Y. Dong, X. Mo, Y. Hu et al., Epidemiological Characteristics of 2143 Pediatric Patients with 2019 Coronavirus Disease in China, J Emerg Med, 2020, Vol . 58, No. 4, pp. 712-713, https://doi.org/1016/j.jemermed.2020.04.006. [15] I. Liguoro, C. Pilotto, M. Bonann et al., SARS-COV-2 Infection in Children and Newborns: A Systematic Review. SARS-COV-2 Infection in Children and Newborns: A Systematic Review, European Journal of Pediatrics, 2020, Vol. 18, 2020, pp. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03684-7. [16] J. Yasuhara, T. Kuno, H. Takagi, Clinical Characteristics of COVID‐19 in Children: A Systematic Review, Pediatric Pulmonology, 2020, Vol. 55, No. 10, pp. 2565-2575, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24991. [17] T. H. D. Souza, J. A. Nadal, R. J. N. Nogueira et al., Clinical Manifestations of Children with COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Pediatr Pulmonol, 2021, Vol. 55, No. 8, pp. 1892-1899, https://doi.org/ 10.1002/ppul.24885. [18] Q. Shen, W. Guo, T. Guo et al., Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children Outside of Wuhan, China, Pediatr Pulmonol, 2020, Vol. 55, No. 6, pp. 1424-1429, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24762. [19] H. Qiu, J.a Wu, L. Hong et al., Clinical and Epidemiological Features of 36 Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an Observational Cohort Study, Lancet Infect Dis, 2020, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 689-696, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30198-5. [20] N. M. Mustafaa, L. A. Selimc, Characterisation of COVID-19 Pandemic in Paediatric Age Group: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, J Clin Virol, 2020, Vol. 128, pp. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104395. [21] W. Guan, Z. Y. Ni, Y. Hu et al., Clinical Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in China, 2020, N Engl J Med, Vol. 382, pp. 1708-1720, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.

Herbal extract, rich with natural compounds, has been used for medicinal purpose such as treating neurological disorders such as cognitive defection for a long period of time, often without significant adverse effects. We compared AChE and BuChE – inhibition effect of total extracts and fractions of Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis. with alcaloid-rich extract. Our samples were subjected under supersonic extraction with ethanol 50o as solvent and fractionally extracted with n-hexane, EtOAc and n-butanol, respectively; alcaloid-rich extract was collected simutaneously. Ellman’s method was used to assay AChE and BuChE inhibition activity. Results: Alcaloid-rich extraction proved to be the superior AChE inhibiting agent, its activity nearly 6 fold of the most active Huperzia serrata extraction with IC50 value of 7.93 (5.43-10.98) µg/ml. While the fractions as well as the total extract did not provide any BuChE inhibition activity, alcaloid-rich extract showed weak ability (IC50 at 76.67 (64.78 – 91.84) µg/ml). Overall, the superior enzyme inhibition effect of alcaloid-rich extract might open a new approach in preventing and treating neurological disorders such as alzheimer’s. Keywords Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis, alcaloid, Acetylcholinesrerase inhibitors (AChE); butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), Alzheimer. References [1] Dos Santos Picanco, Leide C et al., Alzheimer's disease: A review from the pathophysiology to diagnosis, new perspectives for pharmacological treatment, Current medicinal chemistry 25(26) (2018) 3141 - 3159. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666161213101126.[2] B.M. McGleenon, K.B. Dynan, A.P. Passmore, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease, British journal of clinical pharmacology 48(4) (1999) 471-480. https://10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00026.x.[3] Agneta Nordberg, Clive Ballard, Roger Bullock, Taher Darreh-Shori, Monique Somogyi, A review of butyrylcholinesterase as a therapeutic target in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, The primary care companion for CNS disorders 15(2) (2013). https://10.4088/PCC.12r01412.[4] N.M. Ha, V.V. Dung et al., Report on the review of Vietnam’s wildlife trade policy, 2007.[5] D.H. Bich, et al., Medicinal plants and medicinal animals in Viet Nam. Science and Technics Publishing House 1 (2011) 896-897 (in Vietnamese).[6] Jia-Sen Liu, Yuan-Long Zhu, Chao-Mei Yu, You-Zuo Zhou, Yan-Yi Han, Feng-Wu Wu, Bao-Feng Qi, The structures of huperzine A and B, two new alkaloids exhibiting marked anticholinesterase activity. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64(4) (1986) 837-839. https://doi.org/10.1139/v86-137.[7] Takuya Ohba, Yuta Yoshino et al., Japanese Huperzia serrata extract and the constituent, huperzine A, ameliorate the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice, Bioscience biotechnology and biochemistry 79(11) (2015) 1838-1844. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2015.1052773.[8] Ju-Yeon Park, Hyuck Kim et al., Ethanol Extract of Lycopodium serratum Thunb. Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced C6 Glioma Cells Migration via Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression, Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 24(11) (2018) 860-866. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-017-2923-9.[9] M. Maridass, G. Raju, Investigation of phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Huperzia species, Pharmacologyonline 3 (2009) 688-692.[10] George.L.Ellman, K.Diane Courtney, et al., A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity, Biochemical Pharmacology 7(2) (1961) 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9.[11] Paul T Francis, et al., The cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease: a review of progress. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 66(2) (1999) 137-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.66.2.137.[12] Prerna Upadhyaya, Vikas Seth, Mushtaq Ahmad, Therapy of Alzheimer’s disease: An update, African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 4(6) (2010) 408-421.[13] Hachiro Sugimoto, Hiroo Ogura, et al., Research and development of donepezil hydrochloride, a new type of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, The Japanese journal of pharmacology 89(1) (2002) 7-20.[14] N.T.K. Thu, et al., Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition effect of fractions extract of Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis. The journal of Pharmeceutical 56(11) 49-53 (in Vietnamese).[15] Xiaoqiang Ma, Changheng Tan, et al, Is there a better source of huperzine A than Huperzia serrata? Huperzine A content of Huperziaceae species in China. J Agric Food Chem, 53(5) (2005)1393-8. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048193n.[16] Ya-Bing Yang, Xue-Qiong Yang, et al., A New Flavone Glycoside from Huperzia serrata. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 6(6) (2008) 408-410.[17] G.T. Ha, R.K. Wong, Y. Zhang, Huperzine a as potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease: an assessment on chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical studies, Chemistry & biodiversity 8(7) (2011) 1189-1204. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201000269.[18] H.Y. Zhang, X.C. Tang, Neuroprotective effects of huperzine A: new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disease, Trends in pharmacological sciences 27(12) (2006) 619-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2006.10.004.[19] Y. Wang, X.C. Tang, H.Y. Zhang, Huperzine A alleviates synaptic deficits and modulates amyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic pathways in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice, Journal of neuroscience research 90(2) (2012) 508-517. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.22775.[20] C.Y. Wang, et al., Huperzine A activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and enhances the nonamyloidogenic pathway in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse model, Neuropsychopharmacology 36(5) (2011) 1073-1089. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2010.245.[21] R.K. Gordon, et al., The NMDA receptor ion channel: a site for binding of Huperzine A, Journal of applied toxicology 21(S1) (2001) S47-S51. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.805.[22] M. Rafii, et al., A phase II trial of huperzine A in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, Neurology 76(16) (2011) 1389-1394. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318216eb7b.[23] N.H. Greig, et al., A new therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease treatment: attention to butyrylcholinesterase, Current medical research and opinion 17(3) (2001)1 59-165.[24] A. Ferreira, et al., Huperzine A from Huperzia serrata: a review of its sources, chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, Phytochemistry reviews 15(1) (2016) 51-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-014-9384-y.