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Journal articles on the topic 'Meiotic Chromosome Condensation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Clemons, Amy M., Heather M. Brockway, Yizhi Yin, et al. "akirin is required for diakinesis bivalent structure and synaptonemal complex disassembly at meiotic prophase I." Molecular Biology of the Cell 24, no. 7 (2013): 1053–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-11-0841.

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During meiosis, evolutionarily conserved mechanisms regulate chromosome remodeling, leading to the formation of a tight bivalent structure. This bivalent, a linked pair of homologous chromosomes, is essential for proper chromosome segregation in meiosis. The formation of a tight bivalent involves chromosome condensation and restructuring around the crossover. The synaptonemal complex (SC), which mediates homologous chromosome association before crossover formation, disassembles concurrently with increased condensation during bivalent remodeling. Both chromosome condensation and SC disassembly

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2

Chan, Raymond C., Aaron F. Severson, and Barbara J. Meyer. "Condensin restructures chromosomes in preparation for meiotic divisions." Journal of Cell Biology 167, no. 4 (2004): 613–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200408061.

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The production of haploid gametes from diploid germ cells requires two rounds of meiotic chromosome segregation after one round of replication. Accurate meiotic chromosome segregation involves the remodeling of each pair of homologous chromosomes around the site of crossover into a highly condensed and ordered structure. We showed that condensin, the protein complex needed for mitotic chromosome compaction, restructures chromosomes during meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. In particular, condensin promotes both meiotic chromosome condensation after crossover recombination and the remodeling of

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3

Rhee, K., and D. J. Wolgemuth. "The NIMA-related kinase 2, Nek2, is expressed in specific stages of the meiotic cell cycle and associates with meiotic chromosomes." Development 124, no. 11 (1997): 2167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.11.2167.

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The Aspergillus nimA gene encodes a Ser/Thr protein kinase which is required for mitosis, in addition to Cdc2, and which has been suggested to have a role in chromosomal condensation. In this study, we isolated a potential murine homologue of nimA, Nek2, which was shown to be expressed most abundantly in the testis of the adult tissues examined. Its expression in the testis was restricted to the germ cells, with highest levels detected in spermatocytes at pachytene and diplotene stages. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Nek2 localized to nuclei, exhibiting a non-uniform distribution w

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4

Yu, Hong-Guo, and Douglas E. Koshland. "Meiotic condensin is required for proper chromosome compaction, SC assembly, and resolution of recombination-dependent chromosome linkages." Journal of Cell Biology 163, no. 5 (2003): 937–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200308027.

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Condensin is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex that helps mediate chromosome condensation and segregation in mitotic cells. Here, we show that condensin has two activities that contribute to meiotic chromosome condensation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One activity, common to mitosis, helps mediate axial length compaction. A second activity promotes chromosome individualization with the help of Red1 and Hop1, two meiotic specific components of axial elements. Like Red1 and Hop1, condensin is also required for efficient homologue pairing and proper processing of double strand breaks. C

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5

Loidl, J., F. Klein, and H. Scherthan. "Homologous pairing is reduced but not abolished in asynaptic mutants of yeast." Journal of Cell Biology 125, no. 6 (1994): 1191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.125.6.1191.

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In situ hybridization was used to examine chromosome behavior at meiotic prophase in the rad50S, hop1, rad50, and spo11 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which are defective in chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination. Painting of chromosomes I and III revealed that chromosome condensation and pairing are reduced in these mutants. However, there is some residual pairing in meiosis, suggesting that homologue recognition is independent of synaptonemal complex formation and recombination. Association of homologues was observed in the rad50, rad50S, and spo11 mutants, which are defective i

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6

Balicky, Eric M., Matthew W. Endres, Cary Lai, and Sharon E. Bickel. "Meiotic Cohesion Requires Accumulation of ORD on Chromosomes before Condensation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 13, no. 11 (2002): 3890–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-06-0332.

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Cohesion between sister chromatids is a prerequisite for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. To allow chromosome condensation during prophase, the connections that hold sister chromatids together must be maintained but still permit extensive chromatin compaction. In Drosophila, null mutations in the orientation disruptor (ord) gene lead to meiotic nondisjunction in males and females because cohesion is absent by the time that sister kinetochores make stable microtubule attachments. We provide evidence that ORD is concentrated within the extrachromosomal domains of the n

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7

Howard-Till, Rachel, and Josef Loidl. "Condensins promote chromosome individualization and segregation during mitosis, meiosis, and amitosis in Tetrahymena thermophila." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 4 (2018): 466–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-07-0451.

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Condensin is a protein complex with diverse functions in chromatin packaging and chromosome condensation and segregation. We studied condensin in the evolutionarily distant protist model Tetrahymena, which features noncanonical nuclear organization and divisions. In Tetrahymena, the germline and soma are partitioned into two different nuclei within a single cell. Consistent with their functional specializations in sexual reproduction and gene expression, condensins of the germline nucleus and the polyploid somatic nucleus are composed of different subunits. Mitosis and meiosis of the germline

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8

Hartsuiker, Edgar, Jürg Bähler, and Jürg Kohli. "The Role of Topoisomerase II in Meiotic Chromosome Condensation and Segregation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Molecular Biology of the Cell 9, no. 10 (1998): 2739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.9.10.2739.

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Topoisomerase II is able to break and rejoin double-strand DNA. It controls the topological state and forms and resolves knots and catenanes. Not much is known about the relation between the chromosome segregation and condensation defects as found in yeasttop2 mutants and the role of topoisomerase II in meiosis. We studied meiosis in a heat-sensitive top2mutant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Topoisomerase II is not required until shortly before meiosis I. The enzyme is necessary for condensation shortly before the first meiotic division but not for early meiotic prophase condensation. DNA repli

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9

Cao, Zubing, Tengteng Xu, Xu Tong, et al. "HASPIN kinase mediates histone deacetylation to regulate oocyte meiotic maturation in pigs." Reproduction 157, no. 6 (2019): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-18-0447.

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HASPIN kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of histone H3 on threonine 3 (H3T3p) directs the activity and localization of chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to regulate chromosome condensation and segregation in both mitosis and meiosis. However, the function of HASPIN kinase in the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes is not yet known. Here, we found that HASPIN mRNA is constantly expressed in porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent early embryo development. H3T3p is highly enriched on chromosomes at germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) stage and thereafter m

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10

Di Agostino, Silvia, Pellegrino Rossi, Raffaele Geremia, and Claudio Sette. "The MAPK pathway triggers activation of Nek2 during chromosome condensation in mouse spermatocytes." Development 129, no. 7 (2002): 1715–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.7.1715.

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Chromosome condensation during the G2/M progression of mouse pachytene spermatocytes induced by the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) requires the activation of the MAPK Erk1. In many cell systems, p90Rsks are the main effectors of Erk1/2 function. We have identified p90Rsk2 as the isoform that is specifically expressed in mouse spermatocytes and have shown that it is activated during the OA-triggered meiotic G2/M progression. By using the MEK inhibitor U0126, we have demonstrated that activation of p90Rsk2 during meiotic progression requires activation of the MAPK pathway. Immunofluores

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11

Palumbo, G., S. Bonaccorsi, L. G. Robbins, and S. Pimpinelli. "Genetic analysis of Stellate elements of Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 138, no. 4 (1994): 1181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/138.4.1181.

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Abstract Repeated elements are remarkably important for male meiosis and spermiogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Pairing of the X and Y chromosomes is mediated by the ribosomal RNA genes of the Y chromosome and X chromosome heterochromatin, spermiogenesis depends on the fertility factors of the Y chromosome. Intriguingly, a peculiar genetic system of interaction between the Y-linked crystal locus and the X-linked Stellate elements seem to be also involved in male meiosis and spermiogenesis. Deletion of the crystal element of the Y, via an interaction with the Stellate elements of the X, cau

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12

Liu, Bing, Chunlian Jin, Nico De Storme, et al. "A Hypomorphic Mutant of PHD Domain Protein Male Meiocytes Death 1." Genes 12, no. 4 (2021): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040516.

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Meiosis drives reciprocal genetic exchanges and produces gametes with halved chromosome number, which is important for the genetic diversity, plant viability, and ploidy consistency of flowering plants. Alterations in chromosome dynamics and/or cytokinesis during meiosis may lead to meiotic restitution and the formation of unreduced microspores. In this study, we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant male meiotic restitution 1 (mmr1), which produces a small subpopulation of diploid or polyploid pollen grains. Cytological analysis revealed that mmr1 produces dyads, triads, and monads indicative of mal

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13

Gerecke, Erin E., and Miriam E. Zolan. "An mre11 Mutant of Coprinus cinereus Has Defects in Meiotic Chromosome Pairing, Condensation and Synapsis." Genetics 154, no. 3 (2000): 1125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.3.1125.

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Abstract The rad11 gene of the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus is required for the completion of meiosis and for survival after gamma irradiation. We have cloned the rad11 gene and shown that it is a homolog of MRE11, a gene required for meiosis and DNA repair in numerous organisms. The expression of C. cinereus mre11 is induced during prophase I of meiosis and following gamma irradiation. The gene encodes a predicted polypeptide of 731 amino acids, and the mre11-1 (rad11-1) mutation is a single base pair change that results in a stop codon after amino acid 315. The mre11-1 mutant shows enhanc

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14

Seitz, Lisa C., Keliang Tang, W. Jason Cummings, and Miriam E. Zolan. "The rad9 Gene of Coprinus cinereus Encodes a Proline-Rich Protein Required for Meiotic Chromosome Condensation and Synapsis." Genetics 142, no. 4 (1996): 1105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/142.4.1105.

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Abstract The rad9 gene of Coprinus cinereus is essential for the normal completion of meiosis. We examined surface-spread preparations of wild-type and rad9-1 nuclei from the meiotic stages of karyogamy through metaphase I, and we determined the primary sequence, structure, and meiotic expression of the rad9 gene. In wild-type C. cinereus, karyogamy is followed by condensation and alignment of homologous chromosomes. Condensation and axial core development largely precede synapsis, which often initiates at telomeres. A diffuse diplotene phase coincides with dissolution of the synaptonemal comp

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15

Kaszas, E., and W. Z. Cande. "Phosphorylation of histone H3 is correlated with changes in the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis in maize, rather than the condensation of the chromatin." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 18 (2000): 3217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.18.3217.

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Meiotic chromosome condensation is a unique process, characterized by dramatic changes in chromosome morphology that are required for the correct progression of pairing, synapsis, recombination and segregation of sister chromatids. We used an antibody that recognizes a ser 10 phosphoepitope on histone H3 to monitor H3 phosphorylation during meiosis in maize meiocytes. H3 phosphorylation has been reported to be an excellent marker for chromosome condensation during mitotic prophase in animal cells. In this study, we find that on maize mitotic chromosomes only pericentromeric regions are stained

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16

Rose, D., and C. Holm. "Meiosis-specific arrest revealed in DNA topoisomerase II mutants." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 6 (1993): 3445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.6.3445-3455.1993.

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Although the processes of mitosis and meiosis are similar, there is evidence for fundamental regulatory differences between the two. To examine these differences, we have compared the meiotic phenotype of DNA topoisomerase II mutants with their previously described mitotic phenotype (C. Holm, T. Goto, J. Wang, and D. Botstein, Cell 41:553-563, 1985). top2 mutants in meiosis show no defects in the latest detectable stages of recombination, yet they arrest prior to spindle establishment at meiosis I. Fluorescence and electron microscopy reveal that top2 mutants exhibit wild-type levels of meioti

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17

Rose, D., and C. Holm. "Meiosis-specific arrest revealed in DNA topoisomerase II mutants." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 6 (1993): 3445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.6.3445.

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Although the processes of mitosis and meiosis are similar, there is evidence for fundamental regulatory differences between the two. To examine these differences, we have compared the meiotic phenotype of DNA topoisomerase II mutants with their previously described mitotic phenotype (C. Holm, T. Goto, J. Wang, and D. Botstein, Cell 41:553-563, 1985). top2 mutants in meiosis show no defects in the latest detectable stages of recombination, yet they arrest prior to spindle establishment at meiosis I. Fluorescence and electron microscopy reveal that top2 mutants exhibit wild-type levels of meioti

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18

ElInati, Elias, Helen R. Russell, Obah A. Ojarikre, et al. "DNA damage response protein TOPBP1 regulates X chromosome silencing in the mammalian germ line." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 47 (2017): 12536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712530114.

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Meiotic synapsis and recombination between homologs permits the formation of cross-overs that are essential for generating chromosomally balanced sperm and eggs. In mammals, surveillance mechanisms eliminate meiotic cells with defective synapsis, thereby minimizing transmission of aneuploidy. One such surveillance mechanism is meiotic silencing, the inactivation of genes located on asynapsed chromosomes, via ATR-dependent serine-139 phosphorylation of histone H2AFX (γH2AFX). Stimulation of ATR activity requires direct interaction with an ATR activation domain (AAD)-containing partner. However,

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19

Trelles-Sticken, E., J. Loidl, and H. Scherthan. "Bouquet formation in budding yeast: initiation of recombination is not required for meiotic telomere clustering." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 5 (1999): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.5.651.

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with synaptonemal complex and spindle pole body immunostaining to both spread and structurally preserved nuclei from time course experiments disclosed prominent telomere clustering during meiotic prophase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was found that centromere clustering, which dominates vegetative nuclear structure, is rapidly lost after induction of meiosis. Telomeres tightly clustered during leptotene/zygotene-equivalent stages in the vicinity of the spindle pole body, giving rise to a classical chromosomal bouquet arrangement. T

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20

Maguire, Majorie P. "Meiotic behavior of a tiny fragment chromosome that carries a transposed centromere." Genome 29, no. 5 (1987): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-126.

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A supernumerary, tiny chromosome with a transposed centromere, in an apparently normal maize background, was observed through meiotic stages from pachytene through anaphase II. Departures from normal meiotic chromosome behavior were noted for this tiny chromosome. These included failure of the usual degree of condensation at pachytene, failure of synapsis, and most strikingly the ability of sister centromeres to interact with the spindle on schedule with the normal dyads at anaphase I, so that monads were commonly distributed to the poles for telophase I and then often lagged at anaphase II. P

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21

Turner, James M. A., Paul S. Burgoyne, and Prim B. Singh. "M31 and macroH2A1.2 colocalise at the pseudoautosomal region during mouse meiosis." Journal of Cell Science 114, no. 18 (2001): 3367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114.18.3367.

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Progression through meiotic prophase is associated with dramatic changes in chromosome condensation. Two proteins that have been implicated in effecting these changes are the mammalian HP1-like protein M31 (HP1β or MOD1) and the unusual core histone macroH2A1.2. Previous analyses of M31 and macroH2A1.2 localisation in mouse testis sections have indicated that both proteins are components of meiotic centromeric heterochromatin and of the sex body, the transcriptionally inactive domain of the X and Y chromosomes. This second observation has raised the possibility that these proteins co-operate i

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22

Dresser, M. E., and C. N. Giroux. "Meiotic chromosome behavior in spread preparations of yeast." Journal of Cell Biology 106, no. 3 (1988): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.106.3.567.

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Chromosome behavior in meiosis is well characterized from cytological and genetic descriptions but little is known of the underlying molecular mechanisms, largely because no one experimental system has been developed to support an integrated application of modern cytological, genetic, and molecular biological methods. To combine efficient analyses of meiotic chromosome structure and function in a single organism, we have extended to yeast methods for making spread preparations of nuclei. Features of yeast meiosis that parallel meiosis in large eukaryotes, such as bouquet formation and prophase

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23

Nag, D. K., H. Scherthan, B. Rockmill, J. Bhargava, and G. S. Roeder. "Heteroduplex DNA formation and homolog pairing in yeast meiotic mutants." Genetics 141, no. 1 (1995): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/141.1.75.

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Abstract Previous studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified several meiosis-specific genes whose products are required for wild-type levels of meiotic recombination and for normal synaptonemal complex (SC) formation. Several of these mutants were examined in a physical assay designed to detect heteroduplex DNA (hDNA) intermediates in meiotic recombination. hDNA was not detected in the rec102, mei4 and hop1 mutants; it was observed at reduced levels in red1, mek1 and mer1 strains and at greater than the wild-type level in zip1. These results indicate that the REC102, MEI4, HOP1, RED1,

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24

Bomar, Jacqueline, Pedro Moreira, John J. Balise, and Philippe Collas. "Differential regulation of maternal and paternal chromosome condensation in mitotic zygotes." Journal of Cell Science 115, no. 14 (2002): 2931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.14.2931.

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A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP95 is implicated in somatic mitotic chromosome condensation by recruiting the condensin complex. Here, we report a differential regulation of condensation of maternal and paternal chromosomes mediated by AKAP95 in mitotic mouse zygotes. AKAP95 is synthesized upon oocyte activation, targeted to the female pronucleus and specifically associates with maternal chromosomes at mitosis. AKAP95 mRNA is highly restricted to the vicinity of the meiotic spindle in metaphase II oocytes. In vivo displacement of endogenous AKAP95 in female pronuclei by microinjection of compet

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25

Vigodner, Margarita, Tomomoto Ishikawa, Peter N. Schlegel, and Patricia L. Morris. "SUMO-1, human male germ cell development, and the androgen receptor in the testis of men with normal and abnormal spermatogenesis." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 290, no. 5 (2006): E1022—E1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00527.2005.

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Sumoylation affects multiple cellular events, including chromatin inactivation and transcriptional repression. Our data provide the first characterization of small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO-1) expression during human spermatogenesis by the use of high-resolution cellular SUMO-1 bioimaging. During human meiotic prophase, SUMO-1 localizes to sex chromosomes and centromeric and pericentromeric chromatin. As human spermatocytes progress toward the end of prophase in meiosis I, SUMO-1 is no longer detected within the sex body and pericentromeric heterochromatin but localizes exclusively to

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26

Wellard, Stephen R., Karen Schindler, and Philip W. Jordan. "Aurora B and C kinases regulate chromosome desynapsis and segregation during mouse and human spermatogenesis." Journal of Cell Science 133, no. 23 (2020): jcs248831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.248831.

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ABSTRACTPrecise control of chromosome dynamics during meiosis is critical for fertility. A gametocyte undergoing meiosis coordinates formation of the synaptonemal complex (SC) to promote efficient homologous chromosome recombination. Subsequent disassembly of the SC occurs prior to segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I. We examined the requirements of the mammalian Aurora kinases (AURKA, AURKB and AURKC) during SC disassembly and chromosome segregation using a combination of chemical inhibition and gene deletion approaches. We find that both mouse and human spermatocytes fail

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27

Eijpe, M., C. Heyting, B. Gross, and R. Jessberger. "Association of mammalian SMC1 and SMC3 proteins with meiotic chromosomes and synaptonemal complexes." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 4 (2000): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.4.673.

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In somatic cells, the heterodimeric Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) proteins are involved in chromosome condensation and gene dosage compensation (SMC2 and 4), and sister chromatid cohesion and DNA recombination (SMC1 and 3). We report here evidence for an involvement of mammalian SMC1 and SMC3 proteins in meiosis. Immunofluorescence analysis of testis sections showed intense chromatin association in meiotic prophase cells, weaker staining in round spermatids and absence of the SMC proteins in elongated spermatids. In spermatocyte nuclei spreads, the SMC1 and SMC3 proteins localize

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28

Láscarez-Lagunas, Laura I., Marina Martinez-Garcia, and Monica P. Colaiácovo. "Loss, Gain, and Retention: Mechanisms Driving Late Prophase I Chromosome Remodeling for Accurate Meiotic Chromosome Segregation." Genes 13, no. 3 (2022): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13030546.

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To generate gametes, sexually reproducing organisms need to achieve a reduction in ploidy, via meiosis. Several mechanisms are set in place to ensure proper reductional chromosome segregation at the first meiotic division (MI), including chromosome remodeling during late prophase I. Chromosome remodeling after crossover formation involves changes in chromosome condensation and restructuring, resulting in a compact bivalent, with sister kinetochores oriented to opposite poles, whose structure is crucial for localized loss of cohesion and accurate chromosome segregation. Here, we review the gene

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29

Kubelka, Michal, and Robert M. Moor. "The behaviour of mitotic nuclei after transplantation to early meiotic ooplasts or mitotic cytoplasts." Zygote 5, no. 3 (1997): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400003658.

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SummaryThis study evaluates the ability of the cytoplasm to determine the nature of the division cycle (meiotic or mitotic) in nuclei obtained from mitotically dividing cells. Using mouse oocytes in different stages of development two types of cytoplasm were prepared: firstly, early meiotic ooplasts were obtained by enucleation of non-matured, prophase-stage oocytes; secondly, mitotic cytoplasts were prepared by enucleation and activation of metaphase II (Mll)-stage oocytes. These two types of cytoplasts were then used in fusion experiments, in which mouse primitive type A spermatogonia (prosp

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Antonio, Carmen, Jose M. Gonzalez-Garcia, and Jose A. Suja. "Pycnotic cycle of the sex chromosome of Pyrgomorpha conica (Orthoptera) and development of spermiogenesis." Genome 36, no. 3 (1993): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-073.

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We have analyzed the anomalous pycnotic cycle of the X sex chromosome of the grasshopper Pyrgomorpha conica throughout both meiotic divisions and its possible influence on spermiogenesis. During diplotene the sex chromosome shows two differentiated pycnotic regions: (i) the centromeric region, which is negatively heteropycnotic, and (ii) the noncentromeric region, which shows alternating negatively and positively heteropycnotic zones in all standard individuals. The variation in size and location of the negative heteropycnotic zones, their smooth appearance, and their lack of effect on spermio

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31

White-Cooper, H., L. Alphey, and D. M. Glover. "The cdc25 homologue twine is required for only some aspects of the entry into meiosis in Drosophila." Journal of Cell Science 106, no. 4 (1993): 1035–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.106.4.1035.

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The twineHB5 mutation prevents spindle formation during the entry into meiosis in Drosophila males, but chromosome condensation and nuclear envelope breakdown both still occur. This suggests the possibility that this particular cdc25 homologue is required to activate a p34cdc2 kinase required for only some of the events of this G2-M transition. In contrast, meiotic spindles do form in twineHB5 females, although these appear abnormal. However, the female meiotic divisions do not arrest at metaphase I as in wild type, but continue repeatedly, leading to gross non-disjunction. Small chromatin mas

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Tarsounas, M., R. E. Pearlman, and P. B. Moens. "Meiotic activation of rat pachytene spermatocytes with okadaic acid: the behaviour of synaptonemal complex components SYN1/SCP1 and COR1/SCP3." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 4 (1999): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.4.423.

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The phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid accelerates meiotic events in rodent germ cells in culture. Isolated pachytene spermatocytes treated with okadaic acid proceed to a metaphase I arrest in a few hours as opposed to the similar process in vivo, which requires several days. Leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes cannot be activated in this way, suggesting that okadaic acid enables cells to bypass a sensor of the meiotic progression, which is pachytene specific. We monitored the chromosome behaviour accompanying the transition to metaphase I in rat spermatocytes with antibodies against COR1/SCP3, a

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33

Bui Hong, T., L. G. Villa-Diaz, E. Yamaoka, and T. Miyano. "309CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION IS CORRELATED WITH HISTONE H3 PHOSPHORYLATION WITHOUT CDC2 KINASE AND MAP KINASE ACTIVITIES IN PIG OOCYTES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab309.

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Chromosome condensation is the first step of oocyte maturation. When the oocytes resume meiosis, chromosomes start to condense and Cdc2 kinase becomes activated. However, recent findings show that the chromosome condensation does not always correlate with Cdc2 kinase activity in pig oocytes. The objectives of this study were to examine (1) the correlation between chromosome condensation and histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 (Ser10) during meiotic maturation of pig oocytes, and (2) the effects of protein phosphatase 1/2A (PP1/PP2A) inhibitors on the chromosome condensation and the involve

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34

Scherthan, Harry, Josef Loidl, Tillman Schuster, and Dieter Schweizer. "Meiotic chromosome condensation and pairing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae studied by chromosome painting." Chromosoma 101, no. 10 (1992): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00360535.

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Bui, Hong-Thuy, Nguyen Van Thuan, Satoshi Kishigami, et al. "Regulation of chromatin and chromosome morphology by histone H3 modifications in pig oocytes." Reproduction 133, no. 2 (2007): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-06-0099.

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Oocyte growth, maturation, and activation are complex processes that include transcription, heterochromatin formation, chromosome condensation and decondensation, two consecutive chromosome separations, and genomic imprinting. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in histone H3 modifications in relation to chromatin/chromosome morphology in pig oocytes during their growth, maturation, and activation. During the growth phase, histone H3 was acetylated at lysines 9, 14, and 18 (K9, K14, and K18), and became methylated at K9 when the follicles developed to the antral stage (oocyt

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Quartuccio, Suzanne M., Shweta S. Dipali, and Karen Schindler. "Haspin inhibition reveals functional differences of interchromatid axis–localized AURKB and AURKC." Molecular Biology of the Cell 28, no. 17 (2017): 2233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-12-0850.

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Aneuploidy is the leading genetic abnormality contributing to infertility, and chromosome segregation errors are common during female mammalian meiosis I (MI). Previous results indicate that haspin kinase regulates resumption of meiosis from prophase arrest, chromosome condensation, and kinetochore–microtubule attachments during early prometaphase of MI. Here we report that haspin inhibition in late prometaphase I causes acceleration of MI, bypass of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), and loss of interchromatid axis–localized Aurora kinase C. Meiotic cells contain a second chromosomal pass

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Di Agostino, Silvia, Flavia Botti, Anna Di Carlo, Claudio Sette, and Raffaele Geremia. "Meiotic progression of isolated mouse spermatocytes under simulated microgravity." Reproduction 128, no. 1 (2004): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00184.

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Progression through the prophase of the first meiotic division can be obtained in culture by treatment of mouse spermatocytes with the serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. Chromosome condensation during this G2/M transition involves the activation of the MAPK pathway, which causes the activation of Nek2 and the phosphorylation of the chromatin architectural protein Hmga2. In an effort to set up conditions to allow a spontaneous progression of mouse spermatocytes through meiosis, we have investigated the cell-cycle features of these cells cultured for 24 h with a rotary cell cul

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Jowhar, Ziad, Sigal Shachar, Prabhakar R. Gudla, et al. "Effects of human sex chromosome dosage on spatial chromosome organization." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 20 (2018): 2458–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-06-0359.

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Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are common genetic syndromes characterized by the presence of an aberrant number of X and Y chromosomes due to meiotic defects. These conditions impact the structure and function of diverse tissues, but the proximal effects of SCAs on genome organization are unknown. Here, to determine the consequences of SCAs on global genome organization, we have analyzed multiple architectural features of chromosome organization in a comprehensive set of primary cells from SCA patients with various ratios of X and Y chromosomes by use of imaging-based high-throughput chrom

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Liebe, Bodo, Manfred Alsheimer, Christer Höög, Ricardo Benavente, and Harry Scherthan. "Telomere Attachment, Meiotic Chromosome Condensation, Pairing, and Bouquet Stage Duration Are Modified in Spermatocytes Lacking Axial Elements." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 2 (2004): 827–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-07-0524.

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During the extended prophase to the meiosis I division, chromosomes assemble axial elements (AE) along replicated sister chromatids whose ends attach to the inner nuclear membrane (NM) via a specialized conical thickening. Here, we show at the EM level that in Sycp3-/- spermatocyte chromosomes lack the AE and the conical end thickening, but still they attach their telomeres to the inner NM with an electron-dense plate that contains T2AG3 repeats. Immunofluorescence detected telomere proteins, SCP2, and the meiosis-specific cohesin STAG3 at the Sycp3-/- telomere. Bouquet stage spermatocytes wer

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Clarke, H. J., J. Rossant, and Y. Masui. "Suppression of chromosome condensation during meiotic maturation induces parthenogenetic development of mouse oocytes." Development 104, no. 1 (1988): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.104.1.97.

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Mouse oocytes at metaphase I were treated with puromycin, which caused the chromosomes to become decondensed within an interphase nucleus. When the oocytes were allowed to resume protein synthesis, they returned to metaphase within 8–10 h and neither synthesized DNA nor cleaved, indicating that they had not been parthenogenetically activated by the puromycin treatment. However, when dibutyryl cyclic AMP was added to the medium after protein synthesis resumed, the oocytes remained in interphase. These oocytes maintained in interphase began DNA synthesis beginning 20 h after puromycin withdrawal

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Sinden, R. E., R. H. Hartley, and L. Winger. "The development of Plasmodium ookinetes in vitro: an ultrastructural study including a description of meiotic division." Parasitology 91, no. 2 (1985): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000057334.

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Ookinetes have been cultured in vitro using modifications to the method of Weiss & Vanderberg (1977). Significant improvements in technique were produced by culture in medium at pH 8.4 and at a blood dilution at or over 1/10. Ookinetes produced were infective to mosquitoes by membrane feeding techniques. Ultrastructural analyses were made of nuclear, cytoskeletal, crystalloid and microneme development. The first intranuclear division in the zygote has been recognized as meiosis. Chromosome condensation during prophase follows the classical stages of leptotene, zygotene and pachytene. Diplo

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Clarke, HJ, and Y. Masui. "Dose-dependent relationship between oocyte cytoplasmic volume and transformation of sperm nuclei to metaphase chromosomes." Journal of Cell Biology 104, no. 4 (1987): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.104.4.831.

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We have studied the chromosome condensation activity of mouse oocytes that have been inseminated during meiotic maturation. These oocytes remain unactivated, and in those penetrated by up to three or four sperm, each sperm nucleus is transformed, without prior development of a pronucleus, into metaphase chromosomes. However, those penetrated by more than four sperm never transform any of the nuclei into metaphase chromosomes (Clarke, H. J., and Y. Masui, 1986, J. Cell Biol. 102:1039-1046). We report here that, when the cytoplasmic volume of oocytes was doubled or tripled by cell fusion, up to

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Marko, John F., and Eric D. Siggia. "Polymer Models of Meiotic and Mitotic Chromosomes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 8, no. 11 (1997): 2217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.8.11.2217.

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Polymers tied together by constraints exhibit an internal pressure; this idea is used to analyze physical properties of the bottle-brush–like chromosomes of meiotic prophase that consist of polymer-like flexible chromatin loops, attached to a central axis. Using a minimal number of experimental parameters, semiquantitative predictions are made for the bending rigidity, radius, and axial tension of such brushes, and the repulsion acting between brushes whose bristles are forced to overlap. The retraction of lampbrush loops when the nascent transcripts are stripped away, the oval shape of diplot

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Morgan, Chris, Emilie Knight, and Kirsten Bomblies. "The meiotic cohesin subunit REC8 contributes to multigenic adaptive evolution of autopolyploid meiosis in Arabidopsis arenosa." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 7 (2022): e1010304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010304.

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Genome duplication, which leads to polyploidy, poses challenges to the meiotic segregation of the now-multiple homologous chromosome copies. Genome scan data showed previously that adaptation to polyploid meiosis in autotetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa is likely multigenic, involving genes encoding interacting proteins. But what does this really mean? Functional follow-up studies to genome scans for multigenic traits remain rare in most systems, and thus many mysteries remain about the “functional architecture” of polygenic adaptations. Do different genes all contribute subtle and additive progr

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Pebernard, Stephanie, W. Hayes McDonald, Yelena Pavlova, John R. Yates, and Michael N. Boddy. "Nse1, Nse2, and a Novel Subunit of the Smc5-Smc6 Complex, Nse3, Play a Crucial Role in Meiosis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 11 (2004): 4866–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-05-0436.

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The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family of proteins play key roles in the organization, packaging, and repair of chromosomes. Cohesin (Smc1+3) holds replicated sister chromatids together until mitosis, condensin (Smc2+4) acts in chromosome condensation, and Smc5+6 performs currently enigmatic roles in DNA repair and chromatin structure. The SMC heterodimers must associate with non-SMC subunits to perform their functions. Using both biochemical and genetic methods, we have isolated a novel subunit of the Smc5+6 complex, Nse3. Nse3 is an essential nuclear protein that is required

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Wang, Jun, Chaoyi Yu, Shuaibin Zhang, et al. "Cell-type-dependent histone demethylase specificity promotes meiotic chromosome condensation in Arabidopsis." Nature Plants 6, no. 7 (2020): 823–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0697-0.

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Bui, H. T., V. T. Nguyen, T. Wakayama, and T. Miyano. "123 HISTONE H3 MODIFICATIONS IN PIG OOCYTES DURING GROWTH, MATURATION, AND ACTIVATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab123.

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Oocyte growth, maturation, and activation are complex processes that include transcription, heterochromatin formation, chromosome condensation and decondensation, two consecutive chromosome separations, and genomic imprinting for producing the mature egg. The first sign of oocyte maturation is phosphorylation of histone H3, which leads to the chromosome condensation (Bui et al. 2004 Biol. Reprod. 70, 1843-1851). The objective of this study was to investigate the change in chromosome morphology in relation to histone modifications in pig oocytes during growth, maturation, and activation. Growin

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Capitao, Claudio, Sorin Tanasa, Jaroslav Fulnecek, et al. "A CENH3 mutation promotes meiotic exit and restores fertility in SMG7-deficient Arabidopsis." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 9 (2021): e1009779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009779.

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Meiosis in angiosperm plants is followed by mitotic divisions to form multicellular haploid gametophytes. Termination of meiosis and transition to gametophytic development is, in Arabidopsis, governed by a dedicated mechanism that involves SMG7 and TDM1 proteins. Mutants carrying the smg7-6 allele are semi-fertile due to reduced pollen production. We found that instead of forming tetrads, smg7-6 pollen mother cells undergo multiple rounds of chromosome condensation and spindle assembly at the end of meiosis, resembling aberrant attempts to undergo additional meiotic divisions. A suppressor scr

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Bass, H. W., O. Riera-Lizarazu, E. V. Ananiev, et al. "Evidence for the coincident initiation of homolog pairing and synapsis during the telomere-clustering (bouquet) stage of meiotic prophase." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 6 (2000): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.6.1033.

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To improve knowledge of the prerequisites for meiotic chromosome segregation in higher eukaryotes, we analyzed the spatial distribution of a pair of homologs before and during early meiotic prophase. Three-dimensional images of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to localize a single pair of homologs in diploid nuclei of a chromosome-addition line of oat, oat-maize9b. The system provided a robust assay for pairing based on cytological colocalization of FISH signals. Using a triple labeling scheme for simultaneous imaging of chromatin, telomeres and the homolog pair, we determin

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Joo, Jeong Hwan, Hyun Ah Kang, Keun Pil Kim, and Soogil Hong. "Meiotic prophase roles of Pds5 in recombination and chromosome condensation in budding yeast." Journal of Microbiology 60, no. 2 (2022): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1635-9.

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