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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Meiotic Chromosomes'

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Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Novak, Ivana. "Molecular architecture of meiotic chromosomes /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-959-9/.

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2

Tiscareño, Andrade Mariana. "Characterization of chromosome dynamics during meiotic prophase in Arabidopsis thaliana." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB070.

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La méiose est une division cellulaire spécialisée qui génère des cellules haploïdes à l'origine des gamètes. Chez la plupart des eucaryotes à reproduction sexuée, de la variation génétique est introduite, d'une génération à l'autre, notamment par la formation de crossovers (CO) - des échanges génétiques entre chromosomes homologues. Ces COs se produisent par recombinaison homologue au cours de la prophase méiotique I et sont essentiels pour une ségrégation correcte des chromosomes à l'anaphase I. Au cours de la prophase I, les chromosomes sont soumis à plusieurs processus dynamiques : (i) l'ap
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3

Hoja, Mary-Rose. "Proteins influencing the integrity of meiotic chromosome dynamics /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-269-8/.

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4

Bouftas, Nora. "Control of meiotic divisions in oocytes : a novel role for cyclin B3." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS176.

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La méiose est un processus très réglementé composé de deux divisions successives, la méiose I et II, qui doivent être complétées dans l’ordre pour obtenir des gamètes haploïdes avec le nombre correct de chromosomes. La méiose chez les femelles est un processus sujet aux erreurs, où les erreurs de ségrégation créent des gamètes aneuploïdes. De plus, l'incidence d'aneuploïdie augmente avec l'âge. Comprendre la régulation de la méiose chez les femelles mammifères est donc essentiel. Les divisions méiotiques sont régulées par les cyclines associées à leurs partenaires catalytiques, les Cdks. J'ai
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5

Courret, Cécile. "Bases génétiques et évolution du conflit génétique induit par la distorsion de ségrégation des chromosomes sexuels chez Drosophila simulans." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS495/document.

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La distorsion de ségrégation méiotique est une entorse à la loi de ségrégation équilibrée des allèles via les gamètes. Les gènes ou éléments génétiques causaux (distorteurs de ségrégation) empêchent, chez les hétérozygotes, la production de gamètes qui ne les contiennent pas. Ils peuvent ainsi se répandre dans les populations même s’ils sont délétères pour les individus porteurs.Parce qu'ils induisent un biais du sexe ratio, les distorteurs liés au sexe et s'exprimant dans le sexe hétérogamétique sont générateurs de conflits intragénomiques, caractérisés par l'évolution de suppresseurs qui ten
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6

Lee, Chih-ying. "Bouquet formation, rapid prophase movements and homologous pairing during meiotic prophase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2009.

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7

Kirkpatrick, Gordon. "Chromosome segregation and meiotic defects in carriers of chromosomal abnormalities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9705.

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Male carriers of chromosomal abnormalities (CA) are more frequent in the infertile population. These men have higher levels of sperm aneuploidy due to the aberrant segregation of the chromosomes involved in the abnormality. The presence of a CA may also influence the segregation of other chromosomes, in a process known as in interchromosomal effect (ICE). The behaviour of the CA during meiosis may account for the infertility observed in this population. We studied chromosome segregation, ICE and meiotic defects in a variety of CA. In carriers of CA, we determined the segregation patterns of c
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8

Helleu, Quentin. "Nature, fonction et évolution d’un élément génétique égoïste chez Drosophila simulans." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS134.

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Les distorteurs de ségrégation méiotiques sont des éléments génétiques égoïstes qui favorisent leur propre transmission en manipulant la méiose à leur avantage. La diffusion dans les populations d’un distorteur lié au chromosome X (Sex-Ratio) provoque un excès de femelles et cela conduit à un conflit entre le chromosome X et les autres chromosomes. Ces conflits intra-génomiques sont d’importants moteurs de l’évolution des génomes. Mais, peu de choses sont connues sur la nature moléculaire et la fonction des éléments égoïstes Sex-Ratio. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse présente une synthèse a
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9

Resnick, Tamar Deborah. "The role of the chromosomal passenger complex and condensin complex in meiotic chromosome cohesion and segregation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38990.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The canonical mitotic cell cycle is modified in metazoans to achieve a variety of developmental goals. Among these, meiotic divisions reduce the DNA content of the cell, haploid gametes fuse and reenter mitotic cycling, and mitoses of early embryogenesis, in many animals, employ a rapid cell cycle that lacks gap phases. Much less is understood about regulation of these developmentally regulated cell cycles, than about canonical mitosis, because they cannot be studied in ti
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10

Pyatnitskaya, Alexandra. "Interplay between meiotic crossing-overs and chromosome architecture : role of the meiosis specific complex Zip2-Zip4-Spo16." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLS061.

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La méiose est une étape essentielle de la reproduction chez tous les organismes sexués. En effet, celle-ci permet l’obtention de quatre gamètes haploïdes à partir d’une seule cellule diploïde grâce à la réalisation deux divisions successives suivant une seule étape de réplication. Un des éléments essentiels permettant une bonne ségrégation en première division méiotique est la création d’un échange physique entre les chromosomes homologues parentaux. Ce lien physique, plus communément appelé crossing-over (CO), est produit par un mécanisme de recombinaison entre les chromosomes homologues au c
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11

Al-Jaru, Ayman I. "Equine spermatogenesis : meiotic chromosome behavior and recombination." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2010. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1762/.

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Studying the spermatogenesis of horse is beneficial for the horse industry by identifying the causes of chromosomal abnormalities, which cause embryonic loss, congenital abnormalities and infertility. Little is known about the spermatogenesis in horse. This is the first report that investigates the horse spermatogenesis in detail, particularly metaphase I (MI) and prophase I (PI) stages of the first meiotic division. Meiotic recombination is considered to be the major outcome of meiosis. It is essential for proper chromosome segregation and formation of normal haploid gametes. Analysis of reco
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12

Wolf, Peter G. [Verfasser], and Olaf [Akademischer Betreuer] Stemmann. "Meiosis made simple : Mechanisms of meiotic chromosome dynamics elucidated in somatic cells / Peter G. Wolf ; Betreuer: Olaf Stemmann." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2017. http://d-nb.info/113220092X/34.

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13

Abberton, Michael T. "Chromosome-specific meiotic behaviour in an autopolyploid series." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328559.

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14

Brar, Gloria Ann. "The examination of mechanisms underlying meiotic chromosome segregation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43225.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Meiosis is the cell division by which gametes are produced. Meiotic chromosome segregation differs from Mitotic segregation in that one DNA replication phase is followed by two chromosome segregation phases. This allows generation of haploid products from a diploid precursor cell and depends on a number of cellular specializations that allow completion of a reductional segregation phase, in which homologous chromosomes segregate apart. I have investigated several mechanism
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15

Yuan, Li. "Meiotic chromosome segregation : molecular analysis of the synaptonemal complex /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4078-9/.

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16

O'Neill, Gerard Thomas. "Cytogenetic analysis of ethanol-induced meiotic aneuploidy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19206.

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17

Oelschlägel, Tobias. "Meiosis-specific Regulation of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1143717017741-21454.

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Meiosis is a specialized cell cycle, which generates haploid gametes from diploid parental cells. During meiosis one round of cohesion establishment during premeiotic DNA replication mediates two rounds of chromosome segregation. During meiosis I homologous chromosomes separate, whereas sister chromatids segregate during the second meiotic division without an intervening round of DNA replication. Both rounds of chromosome segregation are triggered by an ubiquitin ligase called the Anaphase-Promoting Complex or Cyclosome (APC/C). APC/C-dependent destruction of securin/Pds1 is required to activa
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18

Nikalayevich, Elvira. "Meiotic spindle organization and chromosome condensation in Drosophila oocytes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17908.

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Errors in chromosome segregation during the first division of female meiosis are very common in humans and result in aneuploidy leading to reproduction problems. Chromosome segregation depends on the formation and function of the meiotic spindle as well as the structure of chromosomes, which need to condense to be able to orient and segregate properly. It is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the female meiotic spindle function and chromosome condensation to gain insight into female fertility problems. The female meiotic spindle assembles without centrosomes, so the mechanisms e
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19

Hartl, Tom A. "CONDENSIN II CHROMOSOME INDIVIDUALIZATION IS NECESSARY FOR MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND ANTAGONIZES INTERPHASE CHROMOSOME ALIGNMENT." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195995.

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Maintenance of an intact genome and proper regulation of the genes within are crucial aspects for life. The work of this dissertation has implicated the Drosophila condensin II complex in both processes. Condensin II's ability to reconfigure chromosomes into spatially separated and discrete units is necessary to ensure proper meiotic segregation. When this "individualization" activity fails in a condensin II mutant, chromosomes remain entangled, and either cosegregate or become lost during cell division. This leads to the creation of aneuploid sperm. We have also implicated condensin II a
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20

Brown, Petrice Wynaka. "The Mammalian Process of Meiotic Synapsis." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1157729435.

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21

Oelschlägel, Tobias. "Meiosis-specific Regulation of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24682.

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Meiosis is a specialized cell cycle, which generates haploid gametes from diploid parental cells. During meiosis one round of cohesion establishment during premeiotic DNA replication mediates two rounds of chromosome segregation. During meiosis I homologous chromosomes separate, whereas sister chromatids segregate during the second meiotic division without an intervening round of DNA replication. Both rounds of chromosome segregation are triggered by an ubiquitin ligase called the Anaphase-Promoting Complex or Cyclosome (APC/C). APC/C-dependent destruction of securin/Pds1 is required to activa
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22

Severino, Jacqueline 1990. "X chromosome status : a gatekeeper of germ cells meiotic entry." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671536.

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X chromosome reactivation in female mouse germ cells is essential for the transmission of one active X chromosome to the progeny. However, despite its key role in development, the mechanistic details and kinetics still remain elusive, as previous studies were restricted by a scarcity of cells in vivo and a lack of adequate in vitro systems. Here, I present the characterization of X-chromosome dynamics during germ cell formation, which was possible thanks to the development of a tailor-made in vitro system which allows the accurate profiling of X-chromosome activity. We recapitulate X-inac
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23

Fabig, Gunar. "Dynamic and ultrastructural characterization of chromosome segregation in C. elegans male meiosis." Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32727.

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The production of germ cells is an essential process in all sexually reproducing eukaryotes. During male meiosis, four haploid sperm cells are formed from one primary spermatocyte, thereby undergoing two consecutive cell divisions after only one round of chromosome duplication. This process was studied in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, as this model organism offers a number of experimental advantages to simultaneously analyze spindle dynamics and ultrastructure. The worm is easy to cultivate, completely sequenced and numerous mutants are available, the worm is small and thus ideal for li
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24

Carr, Martin. "Genetic variation on the fourth chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324481.

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25

Link, Jana [Verfasser], and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Alsheimer. "The role of meiotic nuclear envelope components in chromosome dynamics and meiotic progression / Jana Link. Betreuer: Manfred Alsheimer." Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043906584/34.

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26

Turner, James Michael Andrew. "An investigation of the role of sex chromosome synapsis in meiotic sex chromosome inactivation and fertility." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324497.

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27

Rodriguez, Tristan Argeo. "An investigation into a meiotic checkpoint that monitors sex chromosome pairing." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266165.

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28

Martínez, García Marina. "Chromosome axis organization in relation to the coordination of meiotic recombination." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7737/.

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DNA topology is dependent on axis proteins during eukaryotic cellular processes. Chromosome axis organization is complex during meiosis, when DNA repair needs to be coordinated with homology searching and synapsis. Although roles for the axis component Topoisomerase II (TOPII) and the post-translational modification (PTM) of ASY1 homologues during meiosis have previously been reported, few studies have been performed in plants. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of these proteins on meiotic DNA topology and axis morphology, and their implications for homologous recombination
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29

Blitzblau, Hannah G. "Chromosome dynamics of the early meiotic cell cycle in S. cerevisiae." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42402.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>In every cell cycle the genetic material must be duplicated and transmitted to the daughter cells. Meiosis is a developmental program that allows a diploid cell to produce haploid progeny. The reduction in chromosome number obtained during meiosis requires specialized mechanisms that are absent during the canonical mitotic cell cycle. Although previous studies found strong similarities between pre-mitotic and pre-meiotic DNA replication, pre-meiotic S phase is longer than
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30

Meislin, Shlomo Hogla. "A role for the histone variant HTZ1 in meiotic chromosome segregation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45145.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2008.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-42).<br>In Eukaryotic cells, the packaging of genomic DNA into chromatin has important consequences for all DNA-dependent transactions. Chromatin structure is highly regulated by a variety of complex processes that are not well understood. These include nucleosome remodeling and post-translational modification of histone
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31

Bähler, Jürg. "Meiotic chromosome structure, pairing and recombination in fission and budding yeast /." [S.l : s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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32

Çetin, Bülent. "Chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669990.

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33

Crichton, James Hugh. "Dissecting the meiotic defects of Tex19.1-/- mouse spermatocytes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21042.

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The maintenance of genomic stability through suppression of retrotransposon activity is vital for the avoidance of potentially mutagenic genomic disruption caused by retrotransposition. Germline development is a particularly important phase for retrotransposon silencing as retrotransposition events here have the potential for transmission to the entire embryo, threatening the health of offspring. A collection of germline genome defence genes are required for the suppression of retrotransposons in the developing germline of male mice (e.g. Tex19.1, Dazl, Mili, Miwi2, Gasz, Mov10l1, Mael, Dnmt3l
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34

Smith, Helen. "Condensin II Regulation and Function in Polyploid and Female Meiotic Cells in Drosophila melanogaster." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194783.

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The cell's nucleus contains DNA in the form of chromosomes, which are the hereditary content of the organism. The proper transmission of DNA from one generation to the next is critical. Along with this crucial process, cells will also need to transcribe the DNA, silence certain genes (or whole chromosomes) during development and regulate other chromosome dynamics that are still being identified. The molecular components responsible for these processes are starting to be identified. However, the regulation of these components and how they interact with each other is not well understood.The
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35

Joshi, Neeraj. "CONTROL OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES DURING MEIOSIS." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1403797339.

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36

Sharma, Reuben Sunil Kumar. "Phylogenomics of meiotic recombination, mitotic chromosome cohesion, and ontogeny in Trypanosoma brucei." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613909.

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37

Christianson, Sarah J. "Reproductive isolation and X chromosome meiotic drive in Cyrtodiopsis stalk-eyed flies." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8137.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Biology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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38

Bhuiyan, Hasanuzzaman. "Chromosome synapsis and recombination in yeast meiosis /." Stockholm : Institutionen för molekylärbiologi och funktionsgenomik, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-225.

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39

McGuinness, Barry E. "Chromosome Segregation during Mammalian Mitosis and Meiosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490111.

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The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) functions to prevent anaphase onset until all chromosomes are correctly bi-oriented on the mitotic spindle and aligned at the metaphase plate. Cohesion between sister chromatids is essential for this biorientation. In animal cells, most cohesin is removed from chromosome arms during prophase and prometaphase. Cohesin at centromeres is refractory to removal at this stage and persists until metaphase, whereupon its Sccl subunit is cleaved by separase, which is thought to trigger anaphase. What protects centromeric cohesin from the prophase pathway? 1 show th
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40

Monen, Joost W. "Meiotic chromosome segregation in C. elegans discovering a new look for CENP-A /." Diss., [La Jolla, Calif.] : University of California, San Diego, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3330395.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed November 19, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-114).
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41

Verspoor, R. L. "A study of X-chromosome meiotic drive in the Palearctic fly Drosophila subobscura." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3007982/.

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This thesis examines a particular selfish genetic element (SGE), X-chromosome meiotic drive (XCMD), in the species Drosophila subobscura. XCMD is a system where the X-chromosome kills or disables Y-chromosome sperm to enhance their own transmission to the next generation. This also results in those males producing female biased broods. This selfish enhancement of their own transmission results in conflict with the rest of the genome that can be a potent force in evolution. The first chapters deal with sex and mating behaviour and how XCMD and other SGEs are linked to it. Chapter three focusses
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42

West, Allan. "Investigating the links between meiotic chromosome structure and homologous recombination in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6399/.

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Accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis requires the reciprocal exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes, via a process called homologous recombination, resulting in the formation of crossovers (COs). This process begins with the formation of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Certain genomic loci, called hotspots, are more likely than others to produce DSBs. This is thought to be determined by various factors, which include post-translational histone modifications, such as H3K4 trimethylation. The histone methyl-transferase AtSDG2 is largely responsible for the depositio
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43

James, Rosalina Dee. "Cohesin proteins SMC1 and SMC3 : roles in aneuploidy and in meiotic chromosome dynamics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6333.

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44

Wangdi, Tashi. "Studies on the chromosome behaviour during meiosis and the chromosome banding in some species of heteroptera." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1000.

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45

Martinez, Perez Enrique. "Centromeres, polyploidy and chromosome pairing." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365011.

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46

Rojas, Julie [Verfasser], and Barbara [Akademischer Betreuer] Conradt. "Role of Spo13 in regulating meiotic chromosome segregation in yeast / Julie Rojas ; Betreuer: Barbara Conradt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1234911310/34.

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47

Galland, Lanie Maria. "Investigation of chromosome size effect on the rate of crossovers in the meiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1193.

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Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division characterized by a single round of DNA replication and two rounds of chromosome segregation, ultimately resulting in four haploid cells. During meiosis I, chromosomes align and reciprocal recombination results in the formation of a crossover, creating the tension required to properly segregate homologs during the first round of meiosis. Two mechanisms involved in regulating the occurrence of crossing over are assurance and interference. Crossover assurance describes the phenomenon that at least one crossover will form between each pair of homologo
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48

Labella, Sara. "Characterization of the functions of polo-like kinase 2 during meiotic chromosome pairing in C. elegans." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114400.

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The two rounds of cell division that constitute meiosis are a conserved process that generates the gametes required for sexual reproduction. Given the importance of this specialized cell division in forming new life it is imperative for meiotic cells to ensure that the homologous chromosomes (at meiosis I) and subsequently the sister chromatids (at meiosis II) are properly segregated to avoid aneuploidy and infertility. As a first step in this process the maternal and paternal chromosomes (the homologs) have to be able to recognize each other and align along their length (pairing). In many org
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49

Spence, Jennifer M. "Repetitive DNA in aphids : its nature, chromosomal distribution and evolutionary significance." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298517.

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50

Maratou, Klio. "A molecular genetic investigation for chromosome 21 nondisjunction." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312879.

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