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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Meiotic Drive'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Stewart, Nicholas. "Identification and characterization of meiotic drive within the Drosophila virilis subgroup." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5858.

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There is a vast diversity of karyotypes in nature, yet mechanisms that have facilitated such diversity are unclear. Alterations to an organism’s karyotype can have major negative fitness consequences in meiosis through non-disjunction and aneuploidy. Here, I investigated the role of biased segregation in female meiosis, i.e., meiotic drive, as a force that contributes to the evolution of karyotype form. The closely related species pair, Drosophila americana and Drosophila novamexicana, is an exemplar for understanding mechanisms of karyotype evolution. Since their recent divergence nearly half
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2

Christianson, Sarah J. "Reproductive isolation and X chromosome meiotic drive in Cyrtodiopsis stalk-eyed flies." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8137.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Biology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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3

Verspoor, R. L. "A study of X-chromosome meiotic drive in the Palearctic fly Drosophila subobscura." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3007982/.

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This thesis examines a particular selfish genetic element (SGE), X-chromosome meiotic drive (XCMD), in the species Drosophila subobscura. XCMD is a system where the X-chromosome kills or disables Y-chromosome sperm to enhance their own transmission to the next generation. This also results in those males producing female biased broods. This selfish enhancement of their own transmission results in conflict with the rest of the genome that can be a potent force in evolution. The first chapters deal with sex and mating behaviour and how XCMD and other SGEs are linked to it. Chapter three focusses
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4

Meade, Lara. "Fitness consequences of sex-ratio meiotic drive and female multiple mating in a stalk-eyed fly, Teleopsis dalmanni." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10048699/.

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Meiotic drive genes are a class of segregation distorter that gain a transmission advantage in heterozygous males by causing degeneration of non-carrier sperm. This advantage must be balanced by fertility or viability costs if drive is to remain at stable frequencies in a population. A reduction in male fertility due to sperm destruction reduces the fitness of the rest of the genome, accordingly mechanisms to circumvent the effects of drive may evolve. Such adaptations will have implications for how likely it is that drive will persist. The primary theme of this thesis has been examining ferti
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5

Helleu, Quentin. "Nature, fonction et évolution d’un élément génétique égoïste chez Drosophila simulans." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS134.

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Les distorteurs de ségrégation méiotiques sont des éléments génétiques égoïstes qui favorisent leur propre transmission en manipulant la méiose à leur avantage. La diffusion dans les populations d’un distorteur lié au chromosome X (Sex-Ratio) provoque un excès de femelles et cela conduit à un conflit entre le chromosome X et les autres chromosomes. Ces conflits intra-génomiques sont d’importants moteurs de l’évolution des génomes. Mais, peu de choses sont connues sur la nature moléculaire et la fonction des éléments égoïstes Sex-Ratio. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse présente une synthèse a
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6

Courret, Cécile. "Bases génétiques et évolution du conflit génétique induit par la distorsion de ségrégation des chromosomes sexuels chez Drosophila simulans." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS495/document.

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La distorsion de ségrégation méiotique est une entorse à la loi de ségrégation équilibrée des allèles via les gamètes. Les gènes ou éléments génétiques causaux (distorteurs de ségrégation) empêchent, chez les hétérozygotes, la production de gamètes qui ne les contiennent pas. Ils peuvent ainsi se répandre dans les populations même s’ils sont délétères pour les individus porteurs.Parce qu'ils induisent un biais du sexe ratio, les distorteurs liés au sexe et s'exprimant dans le sexe hétérogamétique sont générateurs de conflits intragénomiques, caractérisés par l'évolution de suppresseurs qui ten
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7

Svedberg, Jesper. "Catching the Spore killers : Genomic conflict and genome evolution in Neurospora." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Systematisk biologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-329498.

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A genome is shaped by many different forces. Recombination can for instance both create and maintain genetic diversity, but the need to locally reduce recombination rates will also leave specific signatures. Genetic elements can act selfishly and spreading at the expense of the rest of the genome can leave marks of their activity, as can mechanisms that suppresses them, in a phenomenon known as genomic conflict. In this thesis, I have studied the forces driving genome evolution, using modern genome sequencing techniques and with a special focus on a class of selfish genetic elements known as S
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8

Brown, Jennifer Erin. "The evolutionary mechanisms promoting sex chromosome divergence within Carica papaya." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1385934540.

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9

Leblanc, Silvia. "CENH3 Suppression of Centromeric Drive in Mimulus Guttatus." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2079.

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The inherent asymmetry of female meiosis presents an opportunity for genetic material to gain an evolutionary advantage during the formation of the egg. Since centromeres mediate chromosomal segregation by forming the bridge between microtubules and chromosomes during cell division, they are loci that can drive, or selfishly evolve, during female meiosis by manipulating the process of entering the egg. Mimulus guttatus, a species of yellow monkeyflowers, has the best documented case of centromeric drive (Fishman and Saunders, 2008). Since homozygotes for drive have decreased pollen viability,
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10

Kuhl, Lisa-Marie [Verfasser], and Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Musacchio. "Kinetochore-driven control of meiotic DNA break formation and recombination at centromere-proximal regions / Lisa-Marie Kuhl ; Betreuer: Andrea Musacchio." Duisburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191694399/34.

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11

Moldón, Vara Alberto. "Promoter-driven splicing regulation in fission yeast." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7125.

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The meiotic cell cycle is modified from the mitotic cell cycle by having a premeiotic S phase which leads to high levels of recombination, two rounds of nuclear division with no intervening DNA synthesis, and a reductional pattern of chromosome segregation. Rem1 is a cyclin that is expressed only during meiosis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Cells in which rem1 has been deleted show a decreased intragenic meiotic recombination and a delay at the onset of meiosis I. When ectopically expressed in mitotically growing cells, Rem1 induces a G1 arrest followed by severe mitotic cata
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12

Lin, Sung-Ya, and 林頌雅. "Transcriptomic Analyses of Sex-ratio Meiotic Drive in Drosophila simulans." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/332ard.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>基因體與系統生物學學位學程<br>106<br>Sex-ratio (SR) meiotic drives, favoring the transmission of X over Y chromosome, lead to strong female-biased progeny of affected males. SR meiotic drives have been reported in several independent lineages. Yet, the molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. In Drosophila simulans, it has been known that many genes are involved in the Paris SR system, but only HP1D2, a member of the Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) gene family, was identified. HP1D2 possesses a deletion of chromo shadow domain in SR strains and is expressed at lower level in SR relative
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13

Powell, Candice. "Fitness and transmission of a selfish X chromosome in female Drosophila testacea." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/12998.

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Selfish genetic elements break the rules of Mendelian inheritance to bias their transmission to following generations, often with negative fitness consequences. A striking example involves selfish X chromosomes that operate in males and interfere with the production of sperm that carry a Y chromosome. Only X chromosome-bearing sperm are produced, and this can result in extraordinary female-biased sex-ratio distortions. Most studies have focused on how selfish X chromosomes operate in and affect males, and there has been relatively little work on their consequences in females. In this thes
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14

Keais, Graeme. "X chromosome drive in Drosophila testacea." Thesis, 2018. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9319.

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Selfish genes that bias their own transmission during gametogenesis can spread rapidly in populations, even if they contribute negatively to the fitness of their host. Driving X chromosomes provide a clear example of this type of selfish propagation. These chromosomes, which are found in a broad range of taxa including plants, mammals, and insects, can have important evolutionary and ecological consequences. In this thesis, I report a new case of X chromosome drive (X drive) in a widespread woodland fly, Drosophila testacea. I show that males carrying the driving X (SR males) sire 80-100% fema
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15

Li, Yun. "Characterizing major kinetochore proteins in genus Zea supports meiotic drive model of centromere evolution." 2009. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/li%5Fyun%5F200908%5Fms.

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16

Tracy, Charles David. "Sequence evolution of recurrently recruited retroposed genes in Drosophila and their possible role in meiotic drive." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1697.

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17

McDermott, Shannon. "Hybrid Sterility and Segregation Distortion in Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila persimilis." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5416.

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<p>Speciation has occurred countless times throughout history, and yet the genetic mechanisms that lead to speciation are still missing pieces. Here, we describe the genetics of two processes that can act alone or together to cause speciation: hybrid sterility and meiotic drive. We use the <italic>Drosophila pseudoobscura/D, persimilis</italic> species as a model system to study these processes. We expanded on a prior study and saw little variation in strength of previously known hybrid sterility alleles between distinct strains of <italic>D. persimilis</italic> and the Bogota subspecies of <
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