Academic literature on the topic 'Melan-A'
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Journal articles on the topic "Melan-A"
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Pittet, Mikaël J., Danila Valmori, P. Rod Dunbar, Daniel E. Speiser, Danielle Liénard, Ferdy Lejeune, Katharina Fleischhauer, Vincenzo Cerundolo, Jean-Charles Cerottini, and Pedro Romero. "High Frequencies of Naive Melan-a/Mart-1–Specific Cd8+ T Cells in a Large Proportion of Human Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen (Hla)-A2 Individuals." Journal of Experimental Medicine 190, no. 5 (September 6, 1999): 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.190.5.705.
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Using fluorescent HLA-A*0201 tetramers containing the immunodominant Melan-A/MART-1 (Melan-A) tumor-associated antigen (Ag), we previously observed that metastatic lymph nodes of melanoma patients contain high numbers of Ag-experienced Melan-A–specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this paper, we enumerated and characterized ex vivo Melan-A–specific cells in peripheral blood samples from both melanoma patients and healthy individuals. High frequencies (≥1 in 2,500 CD8+ T cells) of Melan-A–specific cells were found in 10 out of 13 patients, and, surprisingly, in 6 out of 10 healthy individuals. Virtually all Melan-A–specific cells from 6 out of 6 healthy individuals and from 7 out of 10 patients displayed a naive CD45RAhi/RO− phenotype, whereas variable proportions of Ag-experienced CD45RAlo/RO+ Melan-A–specific cells were observed in the remaining 3 patients. In contrast, ex vivo influenza matrix–specific CTLs from all individuals exhibited a CD45RAlo/RO+ memory phenotype as expected. Ag specificity of tetramer-sorted A2/Melan-A+ cells from healthy individuals was confirmed after mitogen-driven expansion. Likewise, functional limiting dilution analysis and interferon γ ELISPOT assays independently confirmed that most of the Melan-A–specific cells were not Ag experienced. Thus, it appears that high frequencies of naive Melan-A–specific CD8+ T cells can be found in a large proportion of HLA-A*0201+ individuals. Furthermore, as demonstrated for one patient followed over time, dramatic phenotype changes of circulating Melan-A–specific cells can occur in vivo.
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Tuna, Emine Burçin, Banu Lebe, and Kutsal Yörükoğlu. "HMB45 and Melan-A Expression in Renal Angiomyolipoma and Their Significance for the Diagnosis." Tumori Journal 89, no. 1 (January 2003): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160308900110.
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Aims and Background The melanosome-associated proteins, also called HMB45 and melan-A, are also present in renal angiomyolipoma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of HMB45 and melan-A in mesenchymal cells of renal angiomyolipoma and to investigate their significance in the differential diagnosis. Methods Twelve patients, 9 females and 3 males diagnosed with renal angiomyolipomas, were included in the present study. The most representative tumor tissue block was chosen from each case, and 5-üm sections were taken to poly-l-lysin-coated slides for immunohistochemical staining. The standard streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method was used for immunostaining with HMB45 and melan-A antibodies. Results All of the cases showed positive cytoplasmic immunostaining for HMB45 and melan-A. Melan-A expression was shown in smooth muscle component, adipose tissue and predominantly in the perivascular cells, whereas HMB45 immunoreactivity was stronger than melan-A expression in all cases. Conclusions It was concluded that HMB45 and melan-A reactivity is a useful tool to distinguish renal angiomyolipomas from other primary and secondary mesenchymal and primary epithelial tumors. Melan-A and HMB45 share similar specificities for renal angiomyolipoma. In addition, such expression in renal angiomyolipomas may occur without any evidence of nevomelanocytic differentiation. Further research is required to determine the histogenesis of this entity.
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Spanakis, E., P. Lamina, and D. C. Bennett. "Effects of the developmental colour mutations silver and recessive spotting on proliferation of diploid and immortal mouse melanocytes in culture." Development 114, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.114.3.675.
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The developmental mouse coat-colour mutations silver (si, chromosome 10) and recessive spotting (rs, chromosome 5, mapping very close to the dominant white spotting or W/c-kit locus), appear to reduce the numbers of functional melanocytes in the skin. They were studied at the cellular level by melanocyte culture. Cellular morphology, differentiation and survival appeared normal. However, both mutations were found to reduce the melanocyte proliferation rate in primary cultures, as measured by [3H]thymidine labelling indices. Two immortal si/si melanocyte lines (designated melan-si1 and melan-si2) and one rs/rs line (melan-rs) were established. Melan-si1 and melan-rs were cloned. All three immortal lines at low passage levels had doubling times significantly greater than those of our other melanocyte lines melan-a, melan-b and melan-c. Thus they retained the phenotype of slow proliferation.
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Vaniary, Tjokorde Istri Nindya, M. Yulianto Listiawan, and Dwi Murtiastutik. "Expression of Melan-A in Depigmented Skin of Vitiligo Patients." Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v32.1.2020.17-20.
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Background: Vitiligo is an acquired and commonly found pigmentation disorder characterized by milky-white patches on the skin, hair, and mucosa due to melanocyte damage. The cause of vitiligo is still unclear. A study proves that cell-mediated immunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Melan-A is a melanoma-related antigen that is recognized by autologous cytotoxic T cells and one of the critical markers for detecting melanocytes. Objective: To evaluate the expression of Melan-A in depigmented lesions of vitiligo patients. Methods: A descriptive study aimed to describe the expression of Melan-A in the depigmented skin of vitiligo patients at the Dermatovenerology Outpatient Clinic Cosmetic Division of Academic General Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Eleven study subjects were selected through a sequence of selection. Results: Melan-A expression in the depigmented skin of vitiligo patients was lower than the average. This result was found in 6 (54.55%) out of 11 patients. Conclusion: Melan-A expressions on depigmented skins of vitiligo patients are generally below the average value; therefore, adequate intervention is needed to increase the Melan-A expression.
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Guler, Mehmet L., Jason A. Daniels, Susan C. Abraham, and Elizabeth A. Montgomery. "Expression of Melanoma Antigens in Epithelioid Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 132, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 1302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2008-132-1302-eomaie.
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Abstract Context.—Most gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) express CD117/c-kit, as do a subset of metastatic melanomas, leading to a diagnostic dilemma in some cases. Objective.—To further differentiate GISTs from melanoma, we investigated expression of melanoma markers in GISTs using a well-characterized set of gastric lesions on tissue microarrays. Design.—Tissue microarrays from paraffin-embedded tissue cores from 38 patients were stained with S100 protein, HMB-45, and Melan-A antibodies. All cases had been previously stained with CD117/c-kit and CD34 antibodies. All were reactive with CD117/c-kit, and 88.2% expressed CD34. Results.—S100 protein was focally expressed in 2 (5.3%) of 38 GISTs; these lesions lacked HMB-45 and Melan-A labeling. No tumor labeled with HMB-45, but 4 (10.6%) of 38 cases labeled with Melan-A antibodies. The Melan-A–reactive cases were all S100 negative and CD34 positive. The S100-reactive cases were spindle cell neoplasms, whereas the Melan-A–reactive cases were epithelioid neoplasms (4/9; 44%). An additional 15 standard sections of separate cases of epithelioid GISTs were then labeled with Melan-A, and 5 (33%) of 15 showed at least focal labeling. Conclusions.—Melan-A staining can be encountered in a subset of epithelioid GISTs, a finding that can suggest a differential diagnosis of melanoma. In this series, the Melan-A–reactive cases lacked S100 protein and expressed CD34, both of which would be unlikely in melanoma. As such, a panel approach is best in differentiating epithelioid GISTs from melanoma.
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Lévy, Frédéric, Katja Muehlethaler, Suzanne Salvi, Anne-Lise Peitrequin, Cecilia K. Lindholm, Jean-Charles Cerottini, and Donata Rimoldi. "Ubiquitylation of a Melanosomal Protein by HECT-E3 Ligases Serves as Sorting Signal for Lysosomal Degradation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 4 (April 2005): 1777–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-09-0803.
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The production of pigment by melanocytic cells of the skin involves a series of enzymatic reactions that take place in specialized organelles called melanosomes. Melan-A/MART-1 is a melanocytic transmembrane protein with no enzymatic activity that accumulates in vesicles at the trans side of the Golgi and in melanosomes. We show here that, in melanoma cells, Melan-A associates with two homologous to E6-AP C-terminus (HECT)-E3 ubiquitin ligases, NEDD4 and Itch, and is ubiquitylated. Both NEDD4 and Itch participate in the degradation of Melan-A. A mutant Melan-A lacking ubiquitin-acceptor residues displays increased half-life and, in pigmented cells, accumulates in melanosomes. These results suggest that ubiquitylation regulates the lysosomal sorting and degradation of Melan-A/MART-1 from melanosomes in melanocytic cells.
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Weide, Benjamin, Henning Zelba, Evelyna Derhovanessian, Annette Pflugfelder, Thomas K. Eigentler, Anna Maria Di Giacomo, Michele Maio, et al. "Functional T Cells Targeting NY-ESO-1 or Melan-A Are Predictive for Survival of Patients With Distant Melanoma Metastasis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15 (May 20, 2012): 1835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.40.2271.
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Purpose To analyze the prognostic relevance of circulating T cells responding to NY-ESO-1, Melan-A, MAGE-3, and survivin in patients with melanoma with distant metastasis. Patients and Methods We examined 84 patients with follow-up after analysis (cohort A), 18 long-term survivors with an extraordinarily favorable course of disease before analysis (> 24 months survival after first occurrence of distant metastases; cohort B), and 14 healthy controls. Circulating antigen-reactive T cells were characterized by intracellular cytokine staining after in vitro stimulation. Results In cohort A patients, the presence of T cells responding to peptides from NY-ESO-1, Melan-A, or MAGE-3 and the M category according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer classification were significantly associated with survival. T cells responding to NY-ESO-1 and Melan-A (hazard ratios, 0.29 and 0.18, respectively) remained independent prognostic factors in Cox regression analysis and were superior to the M category in predicting outcome. Median survival of patients possessing T cells responding to NY-ESO-1, Melan-A, or both was 21 months, compared with 6 months for all others. NY-ESO-1–responsive T cells were detected in 70% of cohort A patients surviving > 18 months and in 50% of cohort B patients. Melan-A responses were found in 42% and 47% of patients in cohorts A and B, respectively. In contrast, the proportion was only 22% for NY-ESO-1 and 23% for Melan-A in those who died within 6 months. Conclusion The presence of circulating T cells responding to Melan-A or NY-ESO-1 had strong independent prognostic impact on survival in advanced melanoma. Our findings support the therapeutic relevance of Melan-A and NY-ESO-1 as targets for immunotherapy.
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Chen, Yumei, Paul W. Klonowski, Anne C. Lind, and Dongsi Lu. "Differentiating Neurotized Melanocytic Nevi From Neurofibromas Using Melan-A (MART-1) Immunohistochemical Stain." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 136, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0335-oa.
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Context.—Neurotized melanocytic nevi and neurofibromas are common, benign cutaneous neoplasms. Usually they are histologically distinct from each other; however, neurotized melanocytic nevi and neurofibromas can be clinically and histologically similar. Objective.—To determine whether Melan-A (MART-1) immunohistochemical stain is sufficient to differentiate neurotized melanocytic nevi from neurofibromas. Design.—Forty-nine consecutive specimens of melanocytic nevi with neurotization and 49 specimens of neurofibromas were selected. We used antibodies against Melan-A, S100, and neurofilament protein. Results.—All of the melanocytic nevi showed Melan-A staining within the neurotized areas, with most of the areas staining strongly positive, whereas all the neurofibromas were completely absent of Melan-A stain. All of the nevi, including the neurotized areas, stained strongly and diffusely for S100, whereas all the neurofibromas showed a distinctive, sharp, wavy pattern of S100 staining. Neurofilament protein showed scattered staining of both melanocytic nevi and neurofibromas. Conclusions.—Our data indicate that Melan-A immunohistochemical staining is helpful in differentiating neurotized melanocytic nevi from neurofibromas when distinction on histomorphology alone is difficult.
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Andres, Christian, and Michael J. Flaig. "Pitfalls of Melan-A staining." Journal of Cutaneous Pathology 37, no. 8 (October 5, 2009): 917–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01442.x.
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Chen, Kun, Prashiela Manga, and Seth J. Orlow. "Pink-eyed Dilution Protein Controls the Processing of Tyrosinase." Molecular Biology of the Cell 13, no. 6 (June 2002): 1953–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.02-02-0022.
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The processing of tyrosinase, which catalyzes the limiting reaction in melanin synthesis, was investigated in melan-p1 melanocytes, which are null at the p locus. Endoglycosidase H digestion showed that a significant fraction of tyrosinase was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. This retention could be rescued either by transfection of melan-p1 cells with an epitope-tagged wild-typep transcript or by treatment with either bafilomycin A1 or ammonium chloride. We found that the endoplasmic reticulum contains a significant amount of p protein, thus supporting a role for p within this compartment. Using immunofluoresence, we showed that most mature full-length tyrosinase in melan-p1 cells was located in the perinuclear area near the Golgi, in contrast to its punctate melanosomal pattern in wild-type melanocytes. Expression of p in melan-p1 cells restored tyrosinase to melanosomes. Triton X-114 phase separation revealed that an increased amount of tyrosinase was proteolyzed in melan-p1 cells compared with wild-type melanocytes. The proteolyzed tyrosinase was no longer membrane bound, but remained enzymatically active and a large proportion was secreted into the culture medium of melan-p1 cells. We conclude that p regulates posttranslational processing of tyrosinase, and hypopigmentation in melan-p1 cells is the result of altered tyrosinase processing and trafficking.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Melan-A"
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Peschlow, Alexandra. "Melan-A : a new immunomarker for uveal melanoma." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0026/MQ50855.pdf.
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Camboim, Denise Cruz. "Lentigo maligno microinvasivo." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143121.
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Orientador: Mariângela Esther Alencar MarquesResumo: O uso da imuno-histoquímica pode aumentar a acurácia na detecção de melanócitos neoplásicos na derme. Com o objetivo de pesquisar microinvasão, cento e nove casos previamente diagnosticados como lentigo maligno (LM) foram resgatados dos arquivos do Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, da Universidade Estadual Paulista (FMB/UNESP) no período de 01/01/2002 a 01/01/2014. As lâminas histológicas de todos os casos foram revisadas pelos autores para confirmação do diagnóstico e seleção do bloco mais representativo para realização de estudo imuno-histoquímico com Melan-A e MITF. Em 25 casos (22,9%) foi observada invasão focal da derme por melanócitos neoplásicos claramente imunomarcados pelo Melan-A. Nos locais onde se evidenciou invasão foi realizada a medida da espessura de Breslow que variou de 0,1 a 0,45 mm. A coloração imuno-histoquímica com MITF evidenciou positividade focal na derme, porém a identificação das células coradas não permitiu a mesma segurança da coloração pelo Melan-A. Todas as lâminas de imuno-histoquímica foram contracoradas pelo Giemsa para diferenciar positividade para o anticorpo testado e melanina. O presente estudo permitiu identificar microinvasão dérmica em 22,9% dos casos de lentigo maligno, mostrando a possibilidade de estadiamento e tratamento inadequado quando utilizada a técnica de rotina. Os achados são um alerta para os patologistas e clínicos, especialmente em lesões de grandes dimensões e associadas com infiltrado linf... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The use of immunohistochemistry can enhance the accuracy in detecting neoplastic melanocytes in the dermis. In order to search for microinvasion, one hundred and nine cases previously diagnosed as lentigo maligna (LM) were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FMB / UNESP) in the period of 01/01 / 2002 to 01/01/2014. The histological slides of all cases were reviewed by the authors to confirm the diagnosis and selection of the most representative block for performing immunohistochemical study with Melan-A, and MITF. In 25 cases (22.9%) was observed focal dermal invasion by neoplastic melanocytes clearly immunostained for Melan-A. In these cases the Breslow thickness ranged between 0.1 and 0.45mm. Immunohistochemical staining showed MITF focal positivity in the dermis, but did not allow the same certainty of Melan-A staining. In order to distinguish melanin in macrophage cytoplasm from brown-staining melanocytes, the slides were counterstained by Giemsa. This study identified dermal microinvasion in 22.9% cases of lentigo maligna, showing the possibility of inadequate staging and treatment when using the routine technique. The findings are a warning for pathologists and clinicians, especially in large lesions and associated with lymphocytic infiltrate that obscures their limits.
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Klopsch, Bernhard Wolfgang [Verfasser], Matthias [Gutachter] Wölfl, and Camelia-Maria [Gutachter] Monoranu. "Expression und Immunogenität von Melan-A in Glioblastomzellen / Bernhard Wolfgang Klopsch ; Gutachter: Matthias Wölfl, Camelia-Maria Monoranu." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201278368/34.
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Karlsson, Sofie. "Utvärdering av en immunhistokemisk panel för malignt melanom." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-15274.
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För att diagnostisera malignt melanom och dess undergrupper används immunhistokemi för att färga in celler som uttrycker specifika protein. Särskilt desmoplastiska melanom kan initialt felbedömas baserat på utseendet som ärr, och det är därför viktigt att ha sensitiva antikroppar för att diagnostisera dem. Elva arkiverade patientprover (varav tre epiteloida melanom, fyra spolcelliga, tre desmoplastiska och ett akralt lentiginöst) färgades in med antikroppar mot CK18, HMB-45, Melan-A, S100, SOX10 och synaptophysin. Alla prover var negativa för CK18, nio var positiva för HMB-45 och Melan-A (de negativa var båda desmoplastiska melanom) och alla var positiva för S100 och SOX10. Synaptophysin var positiv i alla epiteloida melanom och det akralt lentiginösa melanomet, två av de fyra spolcelliga melanomen och negativ i alla desmoplastiska melanom. Fördelarna med SOX10, som tidigare studier i ämnet har påvisat, observerades inte i denna studie, troligen på grund av begränsningen i patientmaterial. Trots det verkar SOX10 vara ett användbart tillägg i melanompanelen, eller kanske till och med kan ersätta S100, baserat på tidigare studier.
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Aliprandini, Eduardo. "Efeito da melanina e do oxigenio singlete na morte celular e fluxo de cálcio em células Melan-A e B16-F10." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/22552.
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Orientadora : Prof. Glaucia Regina MartinezDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica. Defesa: Curitiba, 12/02/2010
Bibliografia: 65-74
Área de concentração: Bioquímica
Resumo
Resumo: O melanoma e um tipo de cancer bastante relevante ja que as opcoes de tratamento eficazes sao limitadas. A presenca da melanina protege os individuos de pele escura contra os efeitos da radiacao solar, a principal causa de formacao do melanoma pela geracao de especies reativas de oxigenio (ROS). Porem, a melanina tambem pode ter um papel duplo, que e a de gerar especies reativas durante sua sintese que podem prejudicar a celula. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi a avaliacao das caracteristicas de morte celular causadas por uma ROS, o oxigenio singlete (1O2), nas celulas de melanoma murino B16-F10 com e sem estimulo para producao de melanina e nas celulas de melanocito murino Melan-a. O estimulo para a sintese de melanina foi obtido incubando-se as celulas por 48 horas com meio RPMI 1640 enriquecido com 400 ƒÊmol/L de L-tirosina e 10 mmol/L de cloreto de amonio. A concentracao de melanina aumentou em mais de nove vezes nas celulas B16-F10 e as celulas Melan-a tiveram aumento de menos de duas vezes. Foi utilizado o endoperoxido DHPNO2 10 mmol/L por 2 horas para a geracao de 1O2. Essa condicao causou queda na viabilidade avaliada pelo metodo do MTT para 78,0% nas celulas B16-F10, 70,2% nas B16-F10 estimuladas (B16-F10 Y) e 79,3% nas Melan-a. O ensaio foi feito apos 24 horas do inicio do tratamento com DHPNO2 e a viabilidade caiu para 49,7% nas B16-F10, 53,3% nas B16- F10 Y e 72,5% nas Melan-a. A avaliacao da morte celular utilizando laranja de acridina e brometo de etidio mostrou que apos o tratamento por 2 horas, somente as celulas B16- F10 tiveram aumento significativo na quantidade de celulas em apoptose, e as B16-F10 Y tiveram leve queda na quantidade de celulas viaveis, com tendencia ao aumento de celulas em apoptose. As celulas Melan-a nao tiveram diferenca entre os tratamentos. A liberacao do citocromo c foi determinada por HPLC e mostrou-se que apos 2 horas, as celulas B16-F10 tratadas com 1O2 tiveram mais citocromo c liberado para o citoplasma comparado com o controle. Nos demais grupos, nao houve alteracao com o tratamento. Porem, as celulas controle com mais melanina tiveram maior liberacao de citocromo comparado com o controle das celulas nao estimuladas, mostrando que as celulas estavam sofrendo algum dano inerente da sintese de melanina. A analise da fragmentacao do DNA apos 2 e 24 horas mostrou que nao houve aparecimento de quebras caracteristicas de apoptose pelo tratamento com 1O2 em nenhum dos grupos testados. As celulas B16-F10 Y controle apresentaram DNA fragmentado inespecificamente, representado como um arraste no gel de agarose, que nao foi alterado pelo tratamento. A razao entre ADP e ATP foi quantificada para avaliar o estado energetico da celula, que pode refletir algumas caracteristicas de morte. Nenhuma das celulas teve diferenca estatistica apos o tratamento de 2 horas com 1O2, mas foi observado que as razoes ADP/ATP das celulas controle B16-F10 com e sem estimulo apresentaram valores acima do valor considerado para celulas viaveis/proliferativas. Os resultados da celula Melan-a foram bem proximos dos valores ditos normais. O fluxo de calcio tambem foi avaliado e o 1O2 foi capaz de liberar calcio das reservas intracelulares para o citoplasma nas celulas B16-F10, sendo que nas celulas estimuladas, o aumento do calcio citoplasmatico foi menor, indicando a possivel recaptacao do calcio pela melanina. As celulas Melan-a nao sofreram grandes alteracoes na quantidade de calcio liberado para o citoplasma. Nao houve diferenca na liberacao de AIF em nenhuma das celulas. Em conjunto, os resultados mostram que a sintese da melanina estimulada pela suplementacao do meio foi deleteria as celulas, pois causou fragmentacao no DNA, liberacao de citocromo c e aumentou a razao ADP/ATP para valores considerados de celula em apoptose. Por outro lado, a presenca da melanina parece ter protegido as celulas da acao do 1O2, pois alguns resultados indicam uma tendencia de melhora dos parametros avaliados.
Abstract: Melanoma is a relevant type of cancer since the options for efficient treatment are limited. The presence of melanin protects the dark-skinned people against the effects of solar radiation, the main cause for melanoma development by the generation of reactive species of oxygen (ROS). However, melanin may also have a role on the generation of reactive species during its synthesis, which may harm the cell. So, the objective of this work was the evaluation of the characteristics of cell death caused by a ROS, the singlet oxygen (1O2) on murine melanoma cells B16-F10 with or without stimulation for synthesis of melanin and on murine melanocytes cells Melan-a. The stimulus for the synthesis of melanin was obtained treating the cells for 48 hours with medium RPMI 1640 supplemented with 400 ìmol/L of L-Tyrosine and 10 mmol/L of ammonium chloride. The concentration of melanin increased more than nine times in the B16-F10 cells and the Melan-a cells increase was almost twice the amount of the control. It was used the endoperoxide DHPNO2 10 mmol/L for 2 hours for the generation of 1O2. This condition caused the decrease in the viability determined by the method of MTT to 78% in B16-F10, 70,2% in B16-F10 that were stimulated (B16-F10 Y) and 79,3% in Melana cells. The test was performed after 24 hours from the beginning of the treatment with DHPNO2 and the viability decreased to 49,7% in B16-F10, 53,3% in B16-F10 Y and 72,5 % in Melan-a. The evaluation of cell death using acridine orange and ethidium bromide showed that after the two-hour treatment, only the B16-F10 cells had a significant increase of the number of apoptotic cells, and the B16-F10 Y cells had a slight decrease of the amount of viable cells, with the tendency of the increase of apoptotic cells. Melan-a cells did not show difference among the treatments. The release of cytochrome c was determined by HPLC and it showed that after two hours, B16-F10 cells had more cytochrome c released to the cytoplasm compared to the control. There was not any alteration for other groups of cells with the treatment. However, the control cells that had more melanin showed increased cytochrome c release compared to the control of the not-stimulated cells, demonstrating that the previous cells were suffering some kind of damage from the melanin synthesis. The analysis of DNA fragmentation revealed the absence of typical apoptosis fragmentation in any of the groups. B16-F10 Y control cells displayed unspecific DNA damage observed as a smear in the agarose gel, which was not altered by 1O2 treatment. The same result was observed after the treatment for 2 and 24 hours. The ratio between ADP and ATP was quantified to evaluate the energetic state of the cell, which may reflect some characteristics of cell death. None of the cells showed results statistically significant after the two-hour treatment 1O2, but it was shown that the values of ADP/ATP ratio of the B16-F10 control cells with and without stimulation were above of the threshold accepted for viable/proliferative cells. The results of Melan-a cells were very close to the values considered normal. The calcium flux was also evaluated and it was evidenced that 1O2 was capable of releasing calcium from the intracellular stores to the cytoplasm in B16- F10 cells, and the release of calcium was lower in B16-F10 Y, indicating the possibility of the binding of the metal to melanin. The Melan-a cells did not showed much increase in the quantities of calcium released to the cytoplasm. There was no difference in the release of AIF in any group. Over all, the results support that the synthesis of melanin that was stimulated by the supplementation of the medium was deleterious to the cells, since it caused DNA fragmentation, release of cytochrome c and increase of the ratio ADP/ATP to values of cells in apoptosis. On the other hand, the presence of melanin seemed to protect the cells against the action of 1O2, because some results indicate a tendency of improvement in the parameters evaluated.
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Blanchet, Jean-Sébastien. "Une Nouvelle génération d'analogues de l'antigène tumoral humain Melan-A/MART-1 : conception, propriétés fonctionnelles et perspectives d'utilisation en immunothérapie antitumorale." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30172.
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Reinke, Susanne. "Immunhistologische Untersuchungen an primären Melanomen und deren Metastasen mit SM5-1, einem neuen monoklonalen Antikörper." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15103.
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Der monoklonale Antikörper SM5-1 wurde in Vorarbeiten mittels eines Immunisierungsprotokolls (Kooperation Prof. Guo, Cleveland, USA) von einer humanen Melanom-Zell-Linie gewonnen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde an nicht-melanozytären benignen Geweben, 16 Nävi, 84 nicht-melanozytären Tumoren sowie 745 Melanomproben das Färbeverhalten von SM5-1 mittels Immunhistochemie charakterisiert. SM5-1 wurde zunächst mit HMB-45 und anti-S100 an 250 primären und 151 metastasierten Melanomen und in einer zweiten Stichprobe mit Antikörpern gegen Melan-A/MART-1 (A103) und Tyrosinase (T311) an 101 primären und 243 metastasierten Melanomen verglichen. Es zeigte sich, dass SM5-1 für normale Zellen negativ ist. SM5-1, anti-S100 und HMB-45 färbten 100% der Nävi und 97 - 99% der 250 primären Melanome. Während SM5-1 und anti-S100 96% der 151 Melanommetastasen korrekt identifizierten, waren für HMB-45 nur 83% der Proben positiv. Alle HMB-45 negativen Metastasen reagierten mit SM5-1. Weder SM5-1 noch HMB-45 färbten nicht-melanozytäre Tumore, wohingegen der unspezifischere Antikörper anti-S100 21 von 84 dieser Tumore färbte. Insgesamt wurde beim primären und metastasierten Melanom für SM5-1 eine Sensitivität von 98%, für HMB-45 von 93% und für anti-S100 von 97% beobachtet. Im Vergleich der Antikörper SM5-1, A103 und T311 färbten SM5-1 92,4%, A103 82,9% und T311 71,2% der insgesamt 344 primären und metastasierten Melanome. SM5-1 zeigte innerhalb einer Tumorzellpopulation ein homogeneres Färbeverhalten und eine höhere Färbeintensität bei den 243 Melanommetastasen als A103 und T311. Der monoklonale Antikörper SM5-1 zeigte gegenüber den gebräuchlichen Antikörpern erhebliche Vorteile bei der immunhistochemischen Beurteilung des Melanoms, insbesondere bei dessen Metastasen. Somit kann er als Marker der ersten Wahl bei der immunhistochemischen Diagnostik von Melanomen empfohlen werden. Um die Rolle des durch SM5-1 erkannten Antigens zu verstehen, sind jedoch noch weitere Untersuchungen notwendig.Antibodies such as HMB-45 and anti-S100 protein have been widely used as markers of malignant melanoma. Using a subtractive immunization protocol in preliminary works (cooperation Prof. Guo, Cleveland, USA), the monoclonal antibody SM5-1 was generated from a mouse model of human melanoma. The immunhistochemical staining of SM5-1 was studied in paraffin-embedded specimens of normal non-melanocytic tissue, melanocytic nevi of the skin (n = 16), non-melanocytic neoplasms (n = 84) and 745 melanomas. 250 primary melanomas and 151 metastases were compared with HMB-45 and anti-S100 staining. Further 101 primary melanomas and 243 metastases were compared with Melan-A/MART-1 (A103) and tyrosinase (T311). Staining of normal cells for SM5-1 was found to be negative. SM5-1, anti-S100 and HMB-45 reacted with nevi and 97 - 99% of 250 primary melanomas. Whereas SM5-1 and anti-S100 showed a high degree of positive staining in 96% of 151 metastases, only 83% reacted with HMB-45. All HMB-45-negative melanoma metastases were found to be positive for SM5-1. Whereas neither SM5-1 nor HMB-45 stained any of 84 specimens from non-melanocytic neoplasms, anti-S100 was positive in 21/84. Altogether SM5-1 has a sensitivity of 98%, HMB-45 of 93% and anti-S100 of 97% for primary and metastatic melanomas. SM5-1 stained 92,3%, A103 82,9% and T311 71,2% of 344 primary and metastatic melanomas. SM5-1 showed a stronger and more homogeneous reactivity as A103 und T311 in metastases (n = 243). All tested antibodies had a comparable staining intensity for primary melanomas (n = 101). The monoclonal antibody SM5-1 appears to have advantages for the immunhistochemical analysis of melanoma over currently available antibodies, especially for melanoma metastases. Therefore it is useful as a first line reagent in immunohistochemistry of melanoma. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact nature of the antigen recognized by SM5-1.
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Keller, Martin. "Die Modulation des Ubiquitin-Proteasom-Systems als Immunevasionsmechanismus des malignen Melanoms." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15960.
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Die effiziente Präsentation von Tumorepitopen stellt einen kritischen Faktor zur Eliminierung von Tumorzellen durch die CD8+ cytotoxische T-Lymphozyten (CTL) vermittelte Immunantwort dar. Eine wichtige Rolle spielt in diesem Zusammenhang die effiziente Generierung von Tumorepitopen durch das Ubiquitin-Proteasom-System (UPS). Veränderungen von Komponenten des UPS, die an der Degradation und Prozessierung von Antigenen beteiligt sind, können daher zur Immunevasion von Tumorzellen gegenüber CTL führen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden zwei unterschiedliche UPS-assoziierte Immunevasionsmechanismen des malignen Melanoms identifiziert, die auf einer ineffizienten Präsentation des immundominanten Tumorepitops Melan-A26-35 basieren. Ein Mechanismus beruht auf den unterschiedlichen katalytischen Eigenschaften von Proteasomsubtypen, deren Expression durch INFgamma induziert wird. Proteasomen, die einerseits die Immunountereinheiten beta1i und/oder beta2i beinhalten, oder anderseits mit dem Proteasomaktivator 28 (PA28) assoziiert sind, führen zu einer drastisch reduzierten Generierung des Tumorepitops Melan-A26-35. In beiden Fällen ist dies auf eine ineffiziente Prozessierung des N-Terminus des Epitops zurückzuführen. Der andere Immunevasionsmechanismus steht im Zusammenhang mit der ER-assoziierten Degradation (ERAD), die den retrograden Transport von Proteinen aus dem Endoplasmatischen Retikulum (ER) ins Cytosol zur proteasomalen Degradation beinhaltet. Durch Immunselektion mittels Melan-A26-35-spezifischen CTL wurden cytolyseresistente Melanomzellen identifiziert, deren Resistenz auf eine defiziente ER-assoziierte Degradation zurückzuführen ist. Dieser Defekt beruht auf einer verminderten Expression von ERAD-Komponenten, deren Reduktion die Verfügbarkeit des Antigens Melan-A zur proteasomalen Degradation und Generierung des immundominanten Epitops Melan-A26-35 wesentlich limitiert.Efficient presentation of tumor epitopes by MHC class I molecules on the cell surface is a prerequisite for the elimination of tumor cells by cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. The generation of these epitopes requires the degradation and processing of proteins by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Therefore alterations of UPS components can lead to tumor escape from immune recognition as a result of decreased epitope generation. In the present thesis two different UPS connected immune escape mechanisms of melanoma cells were identified. Both are based on an impaired generation of the immunodominant epitope Melan-A26-35 derived from Melan-A/MART-1 tumor antigen. One mechanism is mediated by the expression of different INFgamma-inducible proteasome immunosubunits leading to the formation of intermediate proteasome subtypes, which differ in their cleavage site preferences. Purified proteasomes harboring the immunosubunits beta1i and/or beta2i show a dramatic decrease in the generation of the Melan-A26-35 epitope. In addition, the INFgamma induced association of proteasomes with the proteaosome activator 28 (PA28) results in a reduced epitope generation. Both mechanisms are induced by an inefficient processing of the epitope’s N-terminus. The second immune escape mechanism is caused by defects of the ER-associated degradation pathway (ERAD). ERAD mediates the transport of ER-proteins back to the cytosolic compartment for proteasomal degradation. Via immunselection of tumor cells with Melan-A26-35 specific CTL, cytolysis resistant cells were identified. Resistance to CTL mediated lysis was shown to be connected to a decreased expression of ERAD components. This defect of the ERAD pathway limits the availability of the Melan-A protein and as consequence the generation of the immunodominant Melan-A26-35 epitope by proteasomes.
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Souza, Regina Celia. "Efeitos da irradiação com laser infravermelho (780 nm) em células de melanoma murino B-16 com melanogênese estimulada ou inibida e em melanócitos murino melan-A." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/23034.
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Orientadora : Profa. Glaucia Regina MartinesCo-orientadora : Profa. Sheila M.B. Winnischofer
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica. Defesa: Curitiba, 24/02/2010
Bibliografia: fls. 92-102
As radiações ultravioleta (UV), infravermelha (IR) e visível (Vis) estão presentes na luz solar. Sabe-se que a radiação UV-A (320 – 400 nm) promove a formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) que podem gerar danos ao DNA das células da pele. A radiação IR também causa alterações na pele, como o envelhecimento precoce e hiperpigmentação, além disso, tem potencial fotocarcinogênico e estimula a geração de ROS. Estudos mostram que a melanina da pele do ser humano, produzida nos melanócitos e transferida para os queratinócitos, absorve as radiações solares e protege o DNA da luz solar. O uso do laser infravermelho 780nm na pele, como instrumento de tratamento, não está totalmente esclarecido em relação aos seus efeitos sobre células normais e/ou tumorais. Foi mostrado que a radiação IR incidente na pele gera ROS. O principal alvo deste trabalho foi a análise dos efeitos da radiação IR proveniente de um laser 780nm sobre células Melan-a (melanócito murino imortalizado) e B16-F10 (melanoma murino), avaliando parâmetros de morte celular e estresse oxidativo. As células B16-F10 tiveram a melanogênese modulada antes da irradiação. Não foram observadas grandes alterações de viabilidade em função das doses, quantidade de melanina endógena ou dos tempos de recuperação, exceto em duas condições: na linhagem B16-F10 sem estímulo e irradiadas com laser infravermelho de 780nm, 70mW, dose 538,2 J/cm², houve aumento de 38,9% na percentagem das células viáveis em relação ao controle após 24 h e na linhagem Melan-a sem estímulo e irradiadas com laser infravermelho de 780nm, 70mW, dose 89,7 J/cm², que tiveram diminuição de 23% na percentagem das células viáveis em relação ao controle após 48 h. Não foi observada alteração da lipoperoxidação ou fragmentação de DNA em nenhuma das linhagens celulares após irradiação. Usando a sonda DCF-DA, não foi observada a geração de ROS intracelular nas células B16-F10 e Melan-a. A melanina de Sepia officinalis irradiada com Laser IR 780nm em solução aquosa de dimetilsulfóxido promoveu a geração de ROS de forma dependente do pH do meio em que se encontrava no momento da irradiação. Os resultados em conjunto mostraram que não houve uma resposta biológica agressiva para as células B16-F10 e Melan-a quando submetidas a apenas uma aplicação para irradiação nas doses de laser IR 780mn de 89,7 a 538,2 J/cm², e, além disso, a quantidade de melanina endógena não afeta os parâmetros de morte celular e geração de ROS.
Ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR) and visible (Vis) radiation are present in solar light. It is known that UV-A (320 – 400 nm) promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause DNA damage in skin cells. IR radiation causes skin changes such as premature aging, and hyperpigmetation; furthermore, it has potencial for photocarcinogenicity and stimulates the generation of ROS. Studies show that melanin produced in melanocytes and transferred to keratinocytes in human skin absorbs solar radiation and protects DNA from solar light. The use of 780nm infrared laser on the skin, as a means of treatment, is not fully understood in relation to their effect on normal and/or tumor cells. Several studies show that the IR radiation on skin generates ROS. The main aim of this work was the analysis of IR radiation effects from a 780nm laser on Melan-a (immortalized murine melanocyte) and B16-F10 (murine melanoma) by evaluating cell death and oxidative stress parameters. The B16- F10 cells had the melanogenesis modulated before irradiation. Results did not show any major changes in viability in function of treatments, amount of endogenous melanin or recovery times, except for two conditions: B16-F10 without stimulation and irradiated with infrared laser 780 nm, 70 mW, dose 538,2 J/cm², that had an increase of 38.9% in the percentage of viable cells compared to control after 24h and Melan-a cell line irradiated with infrared laser 780 mn, 70 mW, dose 89,7 J/cm², that had a 23% decrease in the percentage of viable cells compared to control after 48 h. There were no changes in lipid peroxidation or DNA fragmentation in any of the cell lines after irradiation. Using the probe DCF-DA in cells B16-F10 and Melan-a, it was not observed the generation of intracellular ROS. Melanin from Sepia officinalis, irradiated with 780nm IR Laser in aqueous dimethylsulfoxide, promoted the generation of ROS, which was dependent of the pH of the medium at the time of irradiation. The overall results showed that there was not an aggressive biological response in B16-F10 cells and Melan-a when exposed to only one application of irradiation at doses of 780 nm IR laser from 89,7 a 538,2 J/cm² and, moreover, the amount of endogenous melanin did not affect the parameters of cell death and generation of ROS.
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Silva, João Francisco Xavier da Silva. "Neoplasias de origem melanocítica da úvea do cão e do gato : estudo comparativo das características clínicas e imunohistoquímicas por imunomarcação para Ki-67, Melan-A e CD117." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6209.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaApresenta-se um estudo sobre as características epidemiológicas, clínicas e imunohistoquímicas de neoplasias de origem melanocítica da úvea do cão e do gato. Este estudo pretendeu contribuir para o conhecimento das características clínicas e imunohistoquímicas dos tumores em questão, auxiliando no seu diagnóstico e terapêutica. Estudaram-se vinte casos de tumores melanocíticos oculares, dez provenientes de cães e dez de gatos, ocorridos no período compreendido entre 2001-2012. Realizaram-se estudos de imunohistoquímica recorrendo aos marcadores Ki-67, Melan-A e CD117. Foram analisados estatisticamente os parâmetros sexo, raça e idade dos animais, sinais clínicos, técnica cirúrgica, diagnóstico histológico e resultados imunohistoquímicos. O estudo estatístico foi efetuado com o programa Excel 2007 (Microsoft Office®). Nos gatos, 80% (n=8) da amostra era constituída por fêmeas e 20% por machos. O melanoma difuso da íris do gato foi o único tipo de tumor uveal diagnosticado histologicamente na totalidade da amostra de gatos (n=10). Sete dos dez melanomas difusos da íris do gato (70%) tiveram marcação imunohistoquímica positiva para o Melan-A. Apenas dois casos apresentaram um valor do índice de proliferação superior a 19,5, na marcação do Ki-67. Cinco dos dez casos de melanoma difuso da íris do gato (50%) tiveram marcação imunohistoquímica positiva para o CD117. Nos cães, 60% (n=6) dos cães afetados eram fêmeas e 40% (n=4) eram machos. Verificou-se que 60% dos casos (n=6) apresentaram diagnóstico de melanoma da úvea, 10% (n=1) de melanocitoma da coróide, 10% (n=1) de melanoma do limbo esclero-corneano e 20% (n=2) de melanocitoma da úvea anterior. Dos dez casos de tumores melanocíticos caninos submetidos a imunomarcação, todos (100%) apresentaram marcação positiva para o Melan-A, Ki-67 e CD117. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos com a técnica de imunohistoquímica com marcação para o Melan-A, Ki-67 e CD117 foram diferentes nos dois grupos em estudo. O uso destas técnicas apresentou resultados promissores na confirmação do diagnóstico histopatológico e caracterização dos tumores uveais melanocíticos do cão e do gato.
ABSTRACT - Uveal Melanocytic Neoplasms of Dogs and Cats: A Comparative Study of Clinical and Immunohistochemical Features by Immunostaining for Ki-67, Melan-A and CD117 - The present dissertation is a study of the epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical features of uveal melanocytic tumors of the dog and cat. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of clinical and immunohistochemical features of these tumors, in order to help establishing a diagnosis and therapy. Twenty clinical cases of ocular melanocytic tumors were studied (ten dogs and ten cats), which occurred between 2001 and 2012. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using the immunohistochemical markers Ki-67, Melan-A and CD117. Parameters like sex, age, breed, clinical signs, surgical techniques, histological diagnosis and immunohistochemical results were statistically analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2007 (Microsoft®Office). Regarding feline patients, 80 % (n=8) of the sample were females and 20% were males. Diffuse iris melanoma was the only type of tumor histologically diagnosed in the whole sample (n=10). Seven of the ten diffuse iris melanomas (70%) had positive immunohistochemical staining for Melan-A. Only two cases had a proliferation index greater than 19.5 when staining for Ki-67. Five of the ten cases of feline diffuse iris melanoma (50%) had positive immunohistochemical staining for CD117. On what concerns dogs, 60% (n=6) of the sample were females and 40% (n=4) were males. Uveal melanoma was diagnosed in 60% of the cases (n=6), 10% (n=1) of the cases were diagnosed as a melanocytoma of the choroid, 10% (n=1) as a corneal-scleral limbal melanoma and 20% (n =2) as anterior uvea melanocytoma. All the cases of canine melanocytic tumors submitted to immunostaining for Melan-A, Ki-67 and CD117 showed positive staining. In conclusion, immunohistochemical labeling for Melan-A, Ki-67 and CD117 yielded different immunostaining results for the two groups. These results seem to be promising for the confirmation of the histopathologic diagnosis and further characterization of uveal melanocytic tumors in dogs and cats.
Books on the topic "Melan-A"
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Spaan, Mary C. A student's guide to the MELAB. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor [Mich.]: University of Michigan Press, 2008.
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A student's guide to the MELAB. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor [Mich.]: University of Michigan Press, 2008.
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Spaan, Mary C. A student's guide to the MELAB. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor [Mich.]: University of Michigan Press, 2008.
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Spaan, Mary C. A student's guide to the MELAB. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor [Mich.]: University of Michigan Press, 2008.
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Spaan, Mary C. A student's guide to the MELAB. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor [Mich.]: University of Michigan Press, 2008.
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Luca, Laura De. Ninnananna a una mela frullata: Romanzo. Cinisello Balsamo (Milano): Edizioni paoline, 1991.
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Broniarek, Zygmunt. Papież Pius X syn Polaka a Pasja Mela Gibsona. Toruń: Wydawn. Adam Marszałek, 2004.
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Broniarek, Zygmunt. Papiez Pius X syn Polaka a "Pasja" Mela Gibsona. Torun: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszalek, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Melan-A"
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Davaud, E., A. Strasser, and Y. Jedoui. "Stromatolite and Serpulid Bioherms in a Holocene Restricted Lagoon (Sabkha El Melah, Southeastern Tunisia)." In Phanerozoic Stromatolites II, 131–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1124-9_6.
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Saha, Kakoli, and Rachna Khare. "A Geospatial Approach to Conserving Cultural Heritage Tourism at Kumbh Mela Events in India." In The Urban Book Series, 125–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41905-9_9.
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"MART-1 (Melan-A)." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 1157. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_9901.
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Kaushal, Rakesh, and Chris Newbold. "Mela in the UK: A ‘travelled and habituated’ festival." In Focus On Festivals. Goodfellow Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-910158-15-9-2639.
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Mela in the United Kingdom has become, in its short thirty year history, one of the most popular forms of festival entertainment. The word ‘mela’ itself, is based on the Sanskrit, meaning a community gathering or meeting, and in its many forms mela in the UK has remained true to this broad sense of people, families and communities congregating together in an atmosphere of festivity. At its roots, mela in the UK has evolved out of South Asian religious rites and rituals, and can also be seen to be built on South Asian folk and rural culture and traditions. However, at the core of the definition of mela is the notion of a gathering. This is most appropriate here in that it does not necessarily refer to any mono-cultural or religious focus, and is important when we observe how mela has ‘travelled’ and become ‘habituated’ in the UK. Carnegie and Smith (2006) identify Edinburgh Mela as having travelled but in this chapter, whilst recognising the travelled nature of mela that they refer to, we indicate that it is the habituated nature of mela that more clearly identifies its nature and existence in the UK. Therefore, this chapter will document that, after 25 to 30 years, mela in the UK can be seen to be adopting its own traditions and connotations. Moreover, by the very nature of the modern diverse British population, mela is now largely urbanised and many continue to reflect South Asian religious festivals, be they Boishakhi Melas (Brick Lane London), Holi Hai Melas (Oxford) or Eid Melas (Birmingham), but others have lost touch with these roots as the demands of festival and cultural event management and venue availability have led to other requirements taking priority. The focus of the research presented here is concerned with the manifestation of mela in the UK and, in particular, how it has adapted to the various town and city locations in which it is now a fundamental part of the cultural events calendar. The importance of mela in terms of economic impact and tourism may be one reason why mela is popular with local authorities.
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Anand, Sandip. "A Case of Kumbh Mela at Allahabad." In Green Initiatives for Business Sustainability and Value Creation, 135–49. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2662-9.ch006.
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Management of mega events like Kumbh Mela, rests on the involvement of communities and local authorities who have rich learning heritage with them. Using Kumbh Mela as a case, this chapter highlights the role of various factors which are important for urban pace management. Understanding of the market at Kumbh Mela offers insights related to the BoP market. The chapter has following key inquiries: a) What kind of space was the Magh/Kumbh Mela? What kind of economic activities happened? b) What was the value system? c) What were the things being communicated? What were the things being remembered by them? This chapter uses exploratory research methodologies. Towards the end of the chapter, findings and its implications have been discussed.
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AGIUS, C. "THE MELANO-MACROPHAGE CENTRES OF FISH: A REVIEW." In Fish Immunology, 85–105. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-469230-5.50011-8.
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Mpofu, Charles. "STEM Fields and Ethnic Women in New Zealand." In Critical Research on Sexism and Racism in STEM Fields, 181–207. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0174-9.ch011.
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A critical race theory was used to analyse policies and strategies in place to enable the participation of New Zealand ethnic women of Latin-American, Middle Eastern, and African (MELAA) origin in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields (STEM) in education and industry. The aim was to find out what policy – and other – levers are available for better participation in the STEM fields by the ethnic women's population. The process involved an analysis of publicly available official documents on STEM strategies at national and regional levels. The main findings were that gender issues are expressed in a generic way, either across all ethnic groups, or across the four ethnic groups where the MELAA stands not clearly identifiable in the classifications. Recommendations include the need to develop policies and strategies that account for race and gender equity as part of an agenda to eliminate marginalization of this group.
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Mpofu, Charles. "STEM Fields and Ethnic Women in New Zealand." In Gender Economics, 789–815. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch039.
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A critical race theory was used to analyse policies and strategies in place to enable the participation of New Zealand ethnic women of Latin-American, Middle Eastern, and African (MELAA) origin in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields (STEM) in education and industry. The aim was to find out what policy – and other – levers are available for better participation in the STEM fields by the ethnic women's population. The process involved an analysis of publicly available official documents on STEM strategies at national and regional levels. The main findings were that gender issues are expressed in a generic way, either across all ethnic groups, or across the four ethnic groups where the MELAA stands not clearly identifiable in the classifications. Recommendations include the need to develop policies and strategies that account for race and gender equity as part of an agenda to eliminate marginalization of this group.
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Wessler, Heinz Werner. "Spiritual Localization and De-localization: Traditional and Modern Patterns in Hindu Pilgrimage." In Songs on the Road: Wandering Religious Poets in India, Tibet, and Japan, 93–112. Stockholm University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.16993/bbi.e.
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Going on pilgrimage is a vivid tradition in India and its masterpiece, the Kumbh Mela, is probably the biggest mega-event of its kind in the world. The identification of holy places at established places of pilgrimage is an ongoing process even in our times, contributing to the diffusion-mechanisms of certain pilgrimages. In contradiction to this, the criticism of the institution of pilgrimage has formed an important stream for centuries. The monistic tradition in Hinduism has produced many popular poems that question the reward of religious journeying and ritual bathing at holy places, or that transform pilgrimage into a metaphor for inner journeys towards liberation.
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Dasgupta, Subhasish, and Rajesh Chandrashekaran. "Rotating Banner Advertisements on the World Wide Web." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition, 2438–42. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch431.
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Advertising spending on the Internet has soared. Indeed, by some accounts, Internet advertising is projected to reach $23.5 billion by 2005 (eMarketer, 2002). Although there are several ways of advertising on the Internet, for example, buttons, banners, paid links, superstitials, and so forth, banner advertising is the most common form of advertising on the Internet (Meland, 2000). Advertising using banners (usually placed near the top of a page) is currently the most popular form of online advertising. Banners may be static (stationary) or dynamic (rotating). In the case of static banners, all visitors to a particular site are exposed to the same banner. In contrast, dynamic banners describe cases where ad servers to a particular site deliver different banners to different clients/visitors. This approach presents the possibility of time/space sharing among different advertisers.
Conference papers on the topic "Melan-A"
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Chau, Long-Ho, Mengxing Ouyang, Wenfeng Liang, Gwo-Bin Lee, Wen J. Li, and W. K. Liu. "Inducing self-rotation of Melan-a cells by ODEP." In 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2012.6196755.
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Manjunath, B. S., and D. S. Ramakrishna. "Body Force Method for Melan Problem With Hole Using Complex Potentials." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42885.
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The problem of a half plane with concentrated load acting at an interior point is known as melan problem as shown in Fig.1. In the present case melan problem with hole is considered as shown in Fig.2. The body force method is developed for the above case. Body force method is a method based on principle of superposition [1]. In the body force method the actual condition is treated as an imaginary condition i.e. the semi-infinite plate with hole and interior load is treated as a plate without hole; the actual hole is regarded as imaginary on whose periphery boundary forces are applied. The problem is solved by superimposing the stress fields of the boundary forces and concentrated force acting at an arbitrary point to satisfy the prescribed boundary conditions so that the stress condition of the actual plate is approximately equal to that of the imaginary plate [2]. The complex variable method of stress analysis is a versatile technique for stress analysis Problem. The formulas for melan problem are derived and described [3]. Complex potentials are used for stress analysis.
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Peigney, Michael. "A Melan theorem in diffusion-induced plasticity: Applications to lithium-ion batteries." In 3RD NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CURRENT AND EMERGING PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES – CONCEPT 2020. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0007995.
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Simon, Jaan-Willem, and Dieter Weichert. "Interior-Point Method for the Computation of Shakedown Loads for Engineering Systems." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25334.
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A new interior-point algorithm for the computation of shakedown loads has recently been developed by the authors. The analytical formulation is based on the statical shakedown theorem by Melan which leads to a nonlinear convex optimization problem. The algorithm’s efficiency results from the close adaption of the solution procedure to the specific problem of shakedown analysis. This paper focuses on algorithmic aspects of the proposed method. A numerical example of practical interest is used for validation purposes.
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Zhang, Qiyi, and Sheng Dong. "Shakedown Analysis of Offshore Platform Under Varied Combined Loading." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49428.
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Based on static Melan shakedown theorem, an elastic-plastic finite element method is presented to analyze the shakedown of saturated undrained foundation due to varied combined loadings, and the shakedown loadings under different patterns of loading combination are compared. At the same time, a comparison is given between the shakedown failure envelop under varied combined loading and the failure envelop of ultimate bearing capacity under static equilibrium, and it is found that the shakedown loading under varied combined loading is less than the ultimate bearing capacity under combined loading.
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Simon, Jaan-Willem, Min Chen, and Dieter Weichert. "Shakedown Analysis Combined With the Problem of Heat Conduction." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-26154.
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This paper deals with the computation of the shakedown load of engineering systems subjected to varying loads. In particular, we focus on thermal loading and the resulting heat conduction problem in combination with shakedown analysis. The analysis is based on the lower bound shakedown theorem by Melan. The calculation is carried out by use of an interior-point algorithm. Emphasis is placed on the presentation of theoretical derivations whereas numerical aspects are out of scope and will be presented elsewhere. The methodology is illustrated by the application to a simplified model of a tube sheet in heat exchangers.
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Palermo, Belinda, Cosmo Di Donna, Ornella Franzese, Duilia Del Bello, Novella Gualtieri, Luisa Imberti, Carmen Nuzzo, et al. "Abstract 4406: Clinical efficacious combined chemo/immunotherapy differently activates AKT pathway and functionality of gp100 and Melan-A specific T cell clones." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-4406.
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Zaki, Wael, Xiaojun Gu, Ziad Moumni, and Weihong Zhang. "High-Cycle Fatigue Criterion for Shape Memory Alloys Based on Shakedown Theory." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-9165.
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Based on a recently developed shakedown theory for non-smooth nonlinear materials, we derive a criterion for high-cycle fatigue in shape memory alloys (SMAs). The fatigue criterion takes into account phase transformation as well as reorientation of martensite variants as the source of fatigue damage. The mathematical derivation of the criterion is based on the requirement of elastic shakedown for a given structure to achieve unlimited fatigue endurance. Elastic shakedown is defined as an asymptotic state in which damage due to time-varying load becomes confined at the mesoscopic scale, or the scale of the grain, with no discernable inelasticity at the macroscopic scale. From an energy standpoint, elastic shakedown corresponds to a situation where energy dissipation becomes bounded and the response elastic after a certain number of loading cycles. A sufficient condition to achieve this state was established by Melan (1936) [1] and Koiter (1960) [2] for elastoplastic materials and later generalized to hardening plasticity by Nguyen (2003) and to non-smooth non-linear materials by Peigney (2014). The latter formulation is applicable to SMAs obeying the ZM constitutive model (Zaki & Moumni, 2007) and is shown here to allow the derivation of a high-cycle fatigue criterion analogous to the one proposed by Dang Van (1973) for elastoplastic materials. The criterion allows establishing a safe domain in stress deviator space at the mesoscopic scale consisting of a hypercylinder with axis parallel to the direction of martensite orientation. The hypercylinder is delimited along its axis by two transverse hyperplanes representing bounds on admissible stress states consistent with the loading conditions for phase transformation. Safety with regard to high-cycle fatigue, upon elastic shakedown, is conditioned by the persistence of the macroscopic stress path, as the load varies and at every material point, strictly within the hypercylinder. The size of the hypercylinder is shown to strongly depend on the relative amount of martensite present in the SMA.
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Schuller, Andreas, Christoph Makowski, Ralf-Peter Kapsch, Ralf Nolte, and Peter Beck. "MELAF -a 50 MeV Electron Accelerator Facility for Research in Radiation Effects." In 2017 17th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radecs.2017.8696226.
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Shilpika, FNU, Bethany Lusch, Murali Emani, Venkatram Vishwanath, Michael E. Papka, and Kwan-Liu Ma. "MELA: A Visual Analytics Tool for Studying Multifidelity HPC System Logs." In 2019 IEEE/ACM Industry/University Joint International Workshop on Data-center Automation, Analytics, and Control (DAAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/daac49578.2019.00008.
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