Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mélange de composés chimiques'
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Hotel, Olivier. "Algorithmes, méthodes et modèles pour l'application des capteurs à ondes acoustiques de surface à la reconnaissance de signatures de composés chimiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066565/document.
Full textRecently, gas sensor arrays have found numerous applications in areas such as the food, the environment, the medicine and the defenseindustries. Among the existing technologies, the surface acoustic wave technology is one of the most promising and has been the subject of abundant research. The work described in this manuscript concerns the development of algorithms allowing the recognition of chemical compounds and the estimation of their concentration. This study describes a method for estimating the parameters of transduction phenomena. Their interest is demonstrated experimentally in applications consisting in identifying toxic chemical compounds, counterfeit coffee capsules and in detecting the presence of DMMP and 4-NT in the presence of interfering compounds
Hotel, Olivier. "Algorithmes, méthodes et modèles pour l'application des capteurs à ondes acoustiques de surface à la reconnaissance de signatures de composés chimiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066565.
Full textRecently, gas sensor arrays have found numerous applications in areas such as the food, the environment, the medicine and the defenseindustries. Among the existing technologies, the surface acoustic wave technology is one of the most promising and has been the subject of abundant research. The work described in this manuscript concerns the development of algorithms allowing the recognition of chemical compounds and the estimation of their concentration. This study describes a method for estimating the parameters of transduction phenomena. Their interest is demonstrated experimentally in applications consisting in identifying toxic chemical compounds, counterfeit coffee capsules and in detecting the presence of DMMP and 4-NT in the presence of interfering compounds
Togbe, Casimir. "Etude cinétique de l'oxydation de constituants de biocarburants et composés modèles : formation de polluants." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585394.
Full textDiévart, Pascal. "Oxydation et combustion en milieu ultra-pauvre de carburants types gazoles : Étude expérimentale en réacteur agité et modélisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10136/document.
Full textTo respect the new requirements on exhaust pollutants emissions, it is necessary to develop cleaner and more efficient engines. However the technical development of such engines needs a good knowledge of the oxidation process of common oil fuels. The aim of this work is to build a detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism for the combustion of a diesel fuel. A Diesel fuel is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds that cannot be studied individually. Therefore three surrogate fuels were chosen to represent the dominant chemical classes in a Diesel fuel: ndecane for paraffins, n-propylcyclohexane for cycloalkanes and n-butylbenzene for aromatics. The oxidation of these compounds and that of the binary and ternary blends were studied in a Jet-Stirred Reactor at high-pressure (10 bar), over the temperature range 550-1150 K, for different equivalence ratios (0.25-1.50). Concentration proftles of reactants, products and main stable intermediates were obtained by probe sampling and GC-FID-TCD-MS analyses. Then a low- and high-temperature oxidation detailed kinetic mechanism for the 3 selected hydrocarbons and their mixtures was developed and validated against the experimental data of the present work. The kinetic analyses allowed (i) to delineate the main oxidation pathways (peroxidation-isomerisation at low temperature and beyond beta-scission decomposition) (ii) to identify the most sensitive reactions (CO-C2 subset) for the oxidation rate of the fuels
Harfouche, Abha. "Isolement de composés d’intérêt chimique et biologique dans des mélanges complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS043.
Full textThis thesis is based on the development of new methods of screening and analysis applied to natural extracts.The first axis of this work consisted in isolating a minoritary molecule in a reaction mixture of a biomimetic synthesis using different techniques including centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) in pH-zone refining mode. We were able to isolate the nitrarine with a yield of 0.04%, thus allowing to validate the proposed mechanism of its biomimetic synthesis.The second axis of this project is dedicated to the identification in the seeds of Mucuna pruriens (a plant of Indian traditional pharmacopoeia), by bioguided fractionation, the molecules responsible for the antiparkinsonian synergy demonstrated by in vivo studies and clinical trials. For this purpose, the hydroalcoholic extract of M. pruriens seeds was fractionated by chromatography on a silica gel column and the obtained fractions were evaluated in vitro on various biological targets: the dopamine-degrading enzymes (MAO, COMT) and an enzyme implicated in its endogenous synthesis (DDC). Moreover, we have developed a method to detect by mass spectrometry fractions or compounds having an inhibitory activity on these enzymes. From fractions identified as active, we isolated and identified about twenty molecules, from which a dozen are newly described. On the other hand, it was necessary to synthetize some of them due to the amount required by bioassays. Some of these molecules have shown an interesting inhibitory activity against the COMT enzyme
Luciani, Xavier. "Analyse numérique des spectres de fluorescence 3D issus de mélanges non linéaires." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287255.
Full textBouchet-Rallet, Emanuelle. "Propriétés olfactives de composés purs et de mélanges : relations avec la structure et la composition chimique." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10042.
Full textMaître, Alexandre. "Réactivité des mélanges oxydes-carbone dans la synthèse des carbures de titane et de zirconium : aspects cinétiques et technologiques." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0037.
Full textFlores, Flores Rodolfo. "Comportement mécanique du PVC et de mélanges PVC/PMMA : effet de traitements thermiques et de la reticulation chimique." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0046.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to study the mechanical behavior of PVC at low and high temperature (or deformation) by mechanical spectroscopy and lane strain compression test. Three points are discussed: a) Microstructural changes in PVC during thermal and mechanical treatments which decrease molecular mobility. B) Cross linking of PVC by means of 1,2-ethanedioxydibutyltin: it appears that the flow and deformation of chains are more difficult at high temperatures. C) Introduction of PMMA (PVC/PMMA polymer blends) results in decreasing the activation energy of the beta relaxation, the rubber plateau modulus and the capacity of crystallization of PVC. Results were successfully analyzed by means of a molecular model describing the non-elastic deformation of amorphous polymers at small and high deformations
Guilbert, Emilie. "Une réaction chimique pour le mélange." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0223.
Full textThis thesis tackles the problem of reactive mixing by taking advantage of a new chemical reaction between two transparent reactants producing a fluorescent product in water. The kinetic of this second order reaction can be adjusted by varying reactants concentration, temperature, pH and viscosity of the substrate. A stepwise approach based on a variety of experiments has been adopted: we start with the complete characterization of the chemical reaction, then we continue with the study of diffusion-reaction problems, and finally we investigated the interplay between diffusion,advection and reaction when the substrate is in motion
Muhr, Hervé. "Précipitation du bromure d'argent : étude des effets de mélange." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL105N.
Full textAmmar, Houssein. "Analyse des transferts thermiques et du mélange de réactifs dans un microéchangeur multifonctionnel." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECDN0002.
Full textThe advantage of using multifunctional micro-heat exchangers lies in the possibility to process fluids with highly exothermic reactions and fast kinetics for which the reaction process control is difficult. Due to the low diameter of microchannels, thermal gradient are smaller than in the classical reactors resulting in a better product selectivity. However, the study of the hydrodynamic, thermal and chemical phenomena in these devices is not easy. Indeed, the heat transfer analysis in microreactors is generally little approached; this is mainly due to temperature measurement difficulties across microchannels. One of the originalities of the current work is the design and realization of a 2D heat flux sensor based on 100 nm thick gold thin films in order to provide the measurement of the temperature and heat flux distributions along the flow direction. Using reactive fluids, the thermal effects and the enthalpy of a well known acid-base reaction have been measured. In addition, the velocity field inside the microreactor is measured by micro Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The measured velocity profiles show a good agreement with the macro-scale hydrodynamic equations. One of the disadvantages of the miniaturization of flow is mixing difficulties. For this reason, mixing was studied by introducing an index based on the gray levels observed in a heterogeneous flow of pure water and water colored by Rhodamine. The effects of the injection geometry at the inlet of the microchannel and the use of pulsed flows were experimentally and numerically studied. Furthermore, we have investigated the effect of flow pulsations on the mixing and on the neutralization acid-base reaction. The mixing efficiency was assessed by following along the main flow direction the location of the temperature maximum due to the exothermic reaction. Using the new heat flux sensor and also an infrared camera, it is shown that the mixing efficiency depends greatly on the frequency of the modulated inlet flows and on the ratio between the amplitude and the mean value of the inlet flow rates
Ferrouillat, Sébastien. "Étude du micro-mélange pour la caractérisation des performances d'échangeurs-réacteurs compacts multifonctionnels." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2076.
Full textVarious design parameters of compact heat exchanger-reactors have been characterized in order to develop a new methodology for their design and optimization. The use of compact heat exchanger as a chemical reactor constitutes a significant break trough towards a new approach of chemical processes. In order to answer the compelling operation requirements, heat and mass transfer phenomena must be precisely investigated. Therefore, by using an original physico-chemical method, micro-mixing and thermo-hydraulics of turbulent flows have been studied to compare heat and mass transfer performance of selected geometries. Based on the results of this study a substantial data base is built. Using this database a novel process modeling has led to a creative design of future compact heat-exchanger reactors
Bonnardot, Jérôme. "Modélisation cinétique des réactions d'hydrotraitement par regroupement en familles chimiques." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO19006.
Full textNatt, François. "Synthèse asymétrique du kétoprofène par protonation stéréosélectice du mélange racémique." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20152.
Full textBoesinger, Cécile. "Mélange diffusif et réactif dans des réacteurs tubulaires à trajectoires complexes." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3029.
Full textThe PhD presents the study of the mixing of diffusing and reacting fluids in tubular reactors. The flow can lead to chaotic trajectories, even to very small speeds. First of all, a batch reactor compound of six elbows ordered in the three directions of the space was experimentally compared with a flat toroidal reactor of the same volume. For the studied experimental conditions, the three-dimensional structure of elbows does not bring significant earning for the mixing with regard to a structure in the same plan. Then, two types of opened reactors are compared. The efficiency of mixing in a reactor in alternative Dean flow and in a helical reactor is studied in experiments and numerically. It is demonstrated that the mixing by advection in the reactor in alternative Dean flow is more efficient than is the helical reactor
Voignier, Julie. "Entrelacs bidimensionnels autour de métaux de transition : études physico-chimiques et synthèses." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/VOIGNIER_Julie_2010.pdf.
Full textThis PhD thesis work belongs to chemical topology. The intertwined molecules prepared are all based on the formation of the assembly of 1,10-phenanthroline chelates by coordination around a metal centre. In the first part is presented the functionalisation of a [2]catenane constituted core by mesogenic fragments as welle as the corresponding Cu(I) complex. This work was done in collaboration with Pr. T. Kato’s group in Tokyo University. The compounds obtained form organised smectic-type structures on wide temperature ranges. In the second part was realised the synthesis of pseudo-rotaxanes. These pseudo-rotaxanes are cyclic daisy chains: the monomer is constituted by an axle directly linked to the ring (each part of the monomer contains a 1,10-phenanthroline chelate). Studies were carried out on an equilibrium involving a trimer and a tetramer of pseudo-rotaxanes when the metal cation used were Cu(I) and Ag(I). The assembly in presence of Zn(II) led to the formation of a trimer, a tetramer and a pentamer of pseudo-rotaxanes. These studies allowed the determination of the equilibriums thermodynamic parameters. The third part consists in the separation of the species formed in the previous part. In order to do this, the [3]- and the [4]rotaxane were prepared from the equilibrium in solution of the corresponding Cu(I) pseudo-rotaxanes, by catalysed formation of triazoles. The Cu(I) rotaxanes were isolated and characterised by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, the demetallated [3]rotaxane were isolated
Fang, Yuan. "Études structurales des mésophases des composés phasmidiques et leurs mélanges binaires." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112321.
Full textWe have studied ten phasmidics compounds. Five of them have already been characterized. These five compounds are used in our work as one of the two components of binary mixtures, in which the ether component may be a calamitic molecule or a phasmidic one, according to their polymorphism. The phase diagram has been studied by observation with a polarizing microscope and by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. We have studied the lattice parameters variation in the mixtures by X-ray diffraction from either oriented or powder samples. Moreover, we have discovered, among a new series of phasmidic molecules, one cubic phase, one phase of compact hexagonal symmetry and one rhombohedral phase. These tree-dimensional mesophases are formed by disinclination lines which distort a fluid medium of cylindrically arranged molecules. One unit cell may contain from 300 to 1900 molecules. Among ethers, one SmC phase, two oblique phases and two bidimensional hexagonal phases have been determined as well. If we classify these mesophases with increasing temperature and chains proportion, we obtain the following sequence:
Le, Goff Xavier. "Elaboration et étude des propriétés physico - chimiques de nouveaux composés magnétiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811528.
Full textSimonetti, Estelle. "Synthèses et études physico-chimiques de composés amphiphiles dérivés du Tham." Avignon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AVIG0222.
Full textGrynberg, Julien. "Mécanismes physiques et chimiques mis en jeu lors de la fusion du mélange SiO2-Na2CO3." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829455.
Full textJean, Christophe. "Synthèse et études physico-chimiques de complexes du cobalt(II) : réactivité vis-à-vis du dioxygène." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS019.
Full textGuennou, de Cadenet Karine. "Etude de l'activation des liaisons carbone-fluor par des complexes du fer (i) - fonctionnalisation de molécules perfluorees par les métaux de transition induite par addition de nucléophiles." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2086.
Full textAhr, Mathieu. "Réactions d'homocouplage de composés organomagnésiens aromatiques en présence de sels de fer." Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CERG0207.
Full textA new homocoupling reaction of aryl Grignard reagents was developed. It takes place in the presence of iron salts and a organic halide which is used as an oxidant. A mechanism was proposed and discussed. Using 1,2-dihalogenoethanes as oxidant reagents, the homocoupling reaction of para-, meta- and ortho- subtitued by various functionalysed aryl Grignard reagents leads the corresponding biphenyls in good yields. 3,3'-bipyridine and 2,2'-difluoro-3,3'-dicarbethoxy-4,4'-bipyridine were also prepared. This reaction was used to perform intramolecular coupling reactions to create rings of 5, 6 and 8 atoms. At last, the total synthesis of N-methylcrinasiadine was completed using the intramolecular coupling reaction as the key step
Benchabane, Yohann. "Synthèse, études physico-chimiques et évaluations biologiques d’hétérocycles N-substitués." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30056.
Full textWe were interested in the preparation and physico-chemical and therapeutic study of new acridine derivatives. First of all, 50 new molecules were synthetized by acridine substitution. Physicochemical studies of these compounds were realized using mass spectrometry technique, correlated by several theoretical calculations on acylated mono-aminoacridines in order to validate the fragmentation process observed on every isolated isomer. Moreover, we prepared and characterized a new series of bis-aminoacridinics receptors with the aim to led to original complexing molecules. Then, biological studies of photo-cytotoxicity and clastogenic activity of these molecules were realized, leading to very encouraging results. Finally, we enlarged these heterocycles studies by the synthesis of new analogues of ragaglitazar, known molecule for its antidiabetic activity (type II)
Issmaili, Saadia. "Synthèse et études physico-chimiques de composés diacridinoniques et acridiniques 4,5-disubstitués." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30010.
Full textBelkhelfa, Sophia. "Adaptation génétique des bactéries methylotrophes à la production industrielle des composés chimiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE004/document.
Full textThe objective of this project was the development of enhanced methylotrophic chassis strains capable of converting methanol as carbon and energy source into biomass and ultimately into commodity chemicals under industrial conditions. Methanol is an alternative to carbohydrates as feedstock in industrial biotechnology as its use does not interfere with food supply and its production can start from CO2.A prerequisite for an efficient and large scale industrial fermentation is stable growth of the methylotrophic producer strain on high methanol concentrations. For this purpose, two closely related methylotrophic strains, Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 and TK 0001, which both have a growth optimum at about 1% methanol, were adapted in continuous culture to proliferate stably in the presence of methanol of up to 10% (v/v). The adaptations were conducted using GM3 devices enabling automated long term cultivation of microorganisms.Growth curves recorded for isolates obtained from evolved populations showed enhanced proliferation in the presence of methanol at 5% as compared with wild type cells. The isolates showed comparable albeit not identical growth pointing to heterogeneity among the adapted cells in the population.Genomic sequencing of isolated clones at different steps of the adaptation revealed differences in their mutation profiles. The gene metY coding for O-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrylase was found to be mutated in all isolates. This enzyme undergoes a side reaction with methanol leading to the production of the methionine analogue methoxinine known to be toxic through incorporation into proteins.Enzymatic tests conducted with these mutants showed an almost complete loss of activity even with their natural substrates, validating the involvement of MetY in methanol toxicity.Transcriptomic analysis was performed to study the gene expression response of an evolved derivative of M. extorquens TK 0001 to short and long term exposure to high methanol and compared with the response of the ancestor strain. Genes implicated in cell division, ribosomal and flagellar structures, protein stability and iron uptake showed differences in expression patterns between the strains.The M. extorquens TK 0001 cells adapted to high methanol produced more biomass from methanol than the wildtype cells. This suggests that a compound synthesized through a pathway branching from the central metabolism would be produced in higher yield from methanol by the adapted cells compared to the wildtype cells. The production of D-lactate was tested for wildtype and evolved cells both overexpressing native lactate dehydrogenase. The evolved cells produced more lactate than the control cells, confirming the interest of this methanol adaptation
Thevenin, Nicolas. "Compréhension et optimisation d'un procédé de biodégradation d'effluents agricoles composés de pesticides en mélange." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH8872/document.
Full textAim of this work was to treat effluentsobtained from rinsing pesticide (PF) spraying equipments by developing biological treatment process into bioreactor with selected mixed bacterial culture and adsorption support consisting of crushed corn cobs. First, a model PF mixture was designed to represent agriculturaleffluents at watershed scale. This mixture was composed by 6 herbicides, 3 fungicides and 1 insecticide. Then, inoculum production under PF pressure was developed and sorption properties of corn cobswere investigated. Process parameters were defined at small-scale laboratory and validated into bioreactors. Thus, developed processwas a28 days sequential batch reactortreatment, which reduced more than 50% of molecules weight of model mixture.Despite of this process significantely reduced treated effluents PF contents, remaining phytotoxicity due to herbicide residues failed validation of their post-treatment on a bed planted with reeds
Touhami, Kamel. "Synthèse de composés monofluorés en série hétérocyclique." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11668.
Full textFaure, Delphine. "Polymorphisme structural d'agrégats en solution : conception, synthèses et études physico-chimiques d'amphiphiles de type azobenzène." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12866.
Full textCaron-Charles, Marylise. "Purification de l'hydrogène sous forme libre ou combinée dans un mélange gazeux par réactions chimiques avec l'uranium." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT008G.
Full textMoreau, Vanessa. "Acylation de composés aromatiques sur catalyseurs zéolithiques." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2298.
Full textThis study deals with a way of aromatic ketone synthesis, produced by acylation reaction of Friedel-Crafts, in order to decrease the environmental problems generated under the conventional experimental conditions. The optimization of 2-acetyl-6-methoxynaphthalene formation (precursor of an anti-inflammatory drug) was carried out during the isomerization reaction of 1-acetyl-6-methoxynaphthalene in the presence of 2-methoxynaphthalene : the greatest quantity of product was formed on HFAU zeolites, allowing to combine the maximum of product formed with the minimum of catalyst desactivation. In addition, during acylation of fluorobenzene (FB) by acetic anhydride (AA), the influence of various parameters has shown that 4-fluoroacetophenone formation, product resulting from the acylation of fluorobenzene, is maximum at 130ʿC in an autoclave on HFAU(15), with a mixture FB/AA with a molar ratio of 50/1. Moreover, a detailed analysis of secondary products formed and trapped into the zeolite pores ("coke") has shown that main products come from the autocondensation reaction of acetic anhydride and/or from successive acylation reactions. Some of "coke" molecules have been synthesized and the assumption of their participation in acylation reaction has been highlighted via a transacylation mechanism
Siebald, Helmuth. "Synthèse et réactivité de complexes d'yttrium, de lutécium, d'ytterbium et ruthénium a ligands azoture et triméthylsilyldiazométhane." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30099.
Full textRahou, Abdelhafid. "Étude du mélange dans un réacteur en T par chimiluminescence." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL009N.
Full textFernandes, Nuno. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adsorption sur charbon actif d'un mélange gazeux de composés organiques volatils (C. O. V. )." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3024.
Full textAdsorption equilibria of toluen, methyl-ethyl-ketone and isopropanol on activated carbon were investigated. Experimental isotherms were determined by the volumetric method. First single-component adsorption isotherms were obtained at four different temperatures when the air to be treated contained only one of these V. O. C. Then isotherms at 303 K were obtained when the air to be treated contained two of these V. O. C. The frequently used Toth model fits single-component adsorption data with good accuracy. The Toth equation parameters are described by temperature dependant expressions. The isosteric heat of adsorption of each component was derived from the four temperatures single-component isotherms. During binary mixtures experimental study the influence of mass of adsorbent and initial composition were investigated. According to an analysis of the variance of the system, a new representation of adsorption isotherms was proposed. Isotherms were thus represented by surfaces by plotting adsorbed amount versus the two VOC gaseous molar fractions. Binary mixtures adsorption isotherms were calculated using the Adsorbed Solution Theory. Three models were considered to describe activity coefficients of the adsorbed phase. The Spreading Pressure Dependant model which includes spreading pressure dependence through isosteric heats of adsorption does not fit experimental data very well. The UNIQUAC and NRTL vapour-liquid equilibrium models fit experimental data with much better accuracy. Especially NRTL because of its higher number of adjustable parameters
Budzinski, Hélène. "Les composés aromatiques alkylés dans les échantillons pétroliers : aspects physico-chimiques et thermodynamiques." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10517.
Full textRosenfeld, Carine. "Les systèmes microfluidiques : de nouveaux outils en génie de la polymérisation. Application à la synthèse de polymères et copolymères à blocs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/ROSENFELD_Carine_2007.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study TIPNO-mediated polymerization and copolymerization in a microfluidic device composed of one or two serial continuous microtube reactors. The results are compared to those obtained in conventional batch reactor. Molecular weights and polydispersity indices of (co)polymers are continuously online monitored by size exclusion chromatography. According to the polymerized monomer, different behaviors are observed. For styrene polymerization, the reduction of the characteristic length of the reactor does not seem to affect the control over the polymerization. Conversely, the control of the n-butyl acrylate polymerization, is significantly affected by the reactor’s dimensions. The control is only maintained in the microfluidic device. Concerning the synthesis of block copolymers, the liquid comonomer is mixed with the viscous first block solution by means of a Tjunction or a microstructured mixer. Different geometries and mixing principles have been studied. For multilamination micromixers, the polydispersity index of the copolymers follows a linear relationship with the Reynolds number. Thus, beside the operating conditions, the choice of the micromixer geometry and dimension is essential to control the copolymerization (molecular weights, polydispersity indices…)
Bouhadir, Ghenwa. "Réactivité du premier phosphazide cis stable et du phosphazène correspondant. Préparation de nouveaux composés onio du phosphore." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30205.
Full textObein, Thibault. "Caractérisation d'un microréacteur à film tombant et étude de la fluoration directe de l'anisole dans ce microréacteur." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_OBEIN_T.pdf.
Full textSalmaoui, Samiha. "Elaboration d'oxydes de tungstène nanostructurés, caractérisation et étude de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077198.
Full textHexagonal WO3 nanorods, hexagonal WO3. 1/3H2O nanofibers and orthohombic WO3. 1/3H2O three-dimensional hierarchical architectures have been synthesized by hydrothermal process using structure-directing templates. The structure, the morphology and the composition of the materials have been examined by different physico-chemical techniques. The effects of experimental conditions such as pH, temperature, reaction time and organic templates have been studied. Cyclic voltammetric characterization of thin films of as-prepared nanomaterials has revealed reversible lithium intercalation/deintercalation into the crystal lattice of nanocristalline tungstene oxides. A correlation between structural, morphological and electrochimical properties has been investigated. Moreover, the Hexagonal WO3 nanorods can be applied as active support for the catalytic bi-metallic Pt-Ru nanoparticles during electro-oxidation of ethanol in acid medium
Orliac, Aurélie. "Synthèse et propriétés physico-chimiques des fluoro-pipéridines XtalFluor-E et synthèse d’amides." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066503.
Full textThe development of new biologically active molecules with few side effects is an important challenge. Among all the existing strategies to modulate the pharmacokinetics properties of molecules, introducing one or more fluorine atoms is often used by medicinal chemists. As the 3-aminopiperidine motif is frequently encountered in biologically active compounds, we have studied the modulation of the physico-chemical properties induced by the introduction of one or two fluorine atoms on 3-aminopiperidine motif. The synthesis of 3-amino-5-fluoropiperidines and 3-amino-5,5-difluoropiperidines was efficiently performed by ring enlargement of prolinols. The study of the pKa and the lipophilicity (log D and log P) of these fluoropiperidines was useful to quantify the effect of fluorine atom on the physico-chemical properties of 3-aminopiperidines. Besides, the synthesis of fluorinated piperidine heterocycles with biological activities, such as quinolizidines, was realized by ring enlargement induced by DAST. Among the widespread synthetic reactions, the formation of amides is an important step. For our part, we have developed the formation of amides from amines and carboxylic acids activated by XtalFluor-E. Various amines (primary and secondary) as well as various carboxylic acids can be coupled thanks to this agent. Particular conditions were also developed in order to favor the amidification between low nucleophilic amines and various carboxylic acids
Chaudier, Yann. "Synthèses, études physico-chimiques et biologiques de nouveaux tensioactifs hybrides hydrofluorocarbonés." Avignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AVIG0214.
Full textThe work reported herein deals with the synthesis, the physico-chemical and biological studies of a new class of hybrid hydrofluorinated surfactants. These molecules could be used to maintain integral membrane proteins in aqueous solutions without any denaturation. After an introduction on the protein extraction process, the peculiar properties of perfluorinated amphiphiles are presented. The first chapter is dedicated to the synthesis of these hybrid molecules, which bear neutral (telomer, sugar, amine oxide) or ionic polar head (carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, ammonium). The second chapter describes the physico-chemical studies performed on the hybrid amphiphilic compounds. The results collected show unusual high CMC values. This behaviour could be ascribed to unfavourable interactions between hybrid chains in the micellar core. These interactions could be responsible of NBF instability. Some of our molecules are able to form vesicular assemblies in aqueous solutions, which is quite unusual for single-chain fluorinated surfactants. A 19F RMN study of mixtures containing hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon surfactants is the subject of the third chapter. The results obtained indicate that these two types of chain are poorly miscible. Biological tests are the aim of the last chapter. Hybrid amphiphiles are able to maintain the cytochrome "b6f" (an integral membrane protein chosen as a model) in aqueous solution in its native state. The best results are found for a compound bearing an amine oxyde polar head
Terry, Nicolas. "Synthèses et études physico-chimiques de nouvelles cyclodextrines amphiphiles." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10020.
Full textBillet, Anne-Marie. "Promotion du mélange turbulent en réacteur tubulaire : jet tournant ou dirigé sur un diaphragme." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT027G.
Full textGauthier, Véronique. "Applications de la carbopalladation des allènes en synthèse de composés polycycliques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10094.
Full textLenormand, Hugo. "Synthèse et utilisation de composés spiraniques silylés comme sondes à fluorures." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066520.
Full textIn collaboration with DGA, this thesis is dedicated to the research of new silylated fluoride sensors. The detection of these ions is very important because they are, among others, degradation products of chemical warfare such as Sarin as Soman. Thereby, different types of silylated fluoride sensors have been synthesized and used. The following report will be divided into 3 chapters. The first part describes the preparation of new silicon pentavalent compounds which enable to detect fluoride ions by nucleophilic substitution. The synthesis of existing spirosilanes and their use as efficient sensors are discussed in chapter II. We will present then, the properties of these existing species that have allowed us to develop very sensitive detection methods. The third chapter depicts the synthesis of new analogue spirosilanes which permits us to analyze their ability to be efficient sensors. Finally, we will show that the synthesis of the new silyl fluoride sensors has been successful. Their use as sensors demonstrates a good selectivity and affinity to fluoride ions, even in aqueous medium
Servais, Emeline. "Composés électroactifs pour la détection du dioxygène et l'électronique moléculaire." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S206.
Full textAbstract: This thesis investigates the synthesis and analysis of metallic complexes (Cu, Fe). The first two chapters, which present the work done on oxygen absorbers and oxygen indicators for the food industry, were done in collaboration with Atmosphère Contrôle and the E2PIC team. First, a study on the performances of absorbing materials based on iron included in various polymer matrices is presented. The extension of the synthesis of a copper based compound grafted on silica to medium scale quantities (100 g) is explained. The incorporation of these hybrid materials into polymers matrices using three ways (extrusion, photocrosslinking, solvent processing) is discussed. Physicochemical studies pursued on oxygen indicators grafted on three different silica exhibit the inhomogeneous grafting of copper based complexes on the surface. The polarity of the material can be changed by grafting of apolar chains. Rheological and kinetic analyses show that the modification of polarity enhances the inclusion into the polymer, without disturbing the reactivity. Syntheses and characterizations of mononuclear complexes Cp*(dppe)Fe-C≡C-TTF-EDT 5 et Cp*(dppe)Fe-C≡C-Ant-R 13-R (R = CHO, CHNPh, CHNPhMe, CHCH2) are introduced. 13-R complexes are used as molecular models for the study of binuclear complexes. Theses complexes exhibit both an organoiron redox center, and a photosensitive anthracenic center. Finally, the efforts towards the synthesis of binuclear complexes including two anthracenic ligands in the chemical bridge between the two organoiron compounds are shown. Redox chemistry of 5 and 13-R complexes is also described
Benyattou, Abdelkader. "Thermohydrolyse de solutions d'aluminium III, conditions d'apparition de phases solides : caractérisations physico-chimiques des précipités." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10071.
Full textJokic, Danica. "Synthèse,caractérisation et études physico-chimiques de Porphyrines Co-faciales à espaceurs Calix[4]arènes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13022.
Full textThis work describes the development of a versatile synthetic method for the assembly of porphyrins and calix[4]arenes, their characterisation and physico-chemical studies concerning their behaviour versus nitrogen bases as axial coordinating agents. The aim of the thesis is the development of an effective method that allows the use of functionalized calix[4]arenes (calixcrown and biscrown) as matrices organising chromophores in space. The interest of this approach is to allow fine tuning of the chromophore properties (absorption and emission maxima, molar extinction coefficients in UV-visible spectroscopy) with topographic modifications of the calix[4]arene matrix. Basic principles on calixarene and porphyrin functionalisation will be given at the beginning of the manuscript, before a detailed presentation of the interest of these architectures (porphyrins-calixarenes) illustrated with published examples. Then a detailed description of the possible synthetic approaches leading to these types of architectures and more particularly to the ligands obtained during the Ph. D. Will be presented. Determination of solution structure of the prepared ditopic receptors was performed prior to complexation studies. The affinity of three receptors for bidentate nitrogen ligands, for example DABCO, has been established as a function of the increasing flexibility from calixarene-bis-crown to monocrown-1,3-alternate calixarene and to monocrown calixarene cone conformer. The observation of axial base fixation has been followed by UV-visible spectroscopy to determine association constants. Complementary 1H NMR and electrochemical studies provided information about the topographic variations of the complexed receptors
Dubes, Alix. "Synthèse et études physico-chimiques de nouvelles cyclodextrines amphiphiles polyanioniques." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10086.
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