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Academic literature on the topic 'Mélange de phosphate'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mélange de phosphate"
Kouassi, Jacob N’dri, N’guessan Kouame, Koutoua Ayolie, Joël Koffi Yao, and Justin Kouadio Yatty. "Influence de la fertilisation sur la capacité de nodulation de deux espèces de legumineuses, Vigna radiata L.Wilczek et Vigna unguiculata L.Walp (Fabaceae)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (February 11, 2020): 3079–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.9.
Full textBouhallaoui, Mina, Ali Benhra, Bouchra El Haimeur, Françoise Quiniou, and Mohammed Blaghen. "Utilisation du développement embryolarvaire de l’huitre creuse crassostrea gigas comme outil de diagnostic de la toxicité de substances pures et de mélanges complexes." Revue des sciences de l’eau 30, no. 3 (March 28, 2018): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1044245ar.
Full textPerks, William, John Iazzetta, Pak Cheung Chan, Athina Brouzas, Shirley Law, and Scott E. Walker. "Extended Stability of Sodium Phosphate Solutions in Polyvinyl Chloride Bags." Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 70, no. 1 (March 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v70i1.1622.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Mélange de phosphate"
Donnet, Louis. "Extraction du molybdène par le mélange TBP-Dodécane en milieu nitrique : application au raffinage de l'uranium." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0274.
Full textSleiman, Nathalie. "Mécanismes d’élimination du phosphore dans un réacteur garni d’un mélange de limaille de fer et de sable." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0019.
Full textThe excessive presence of phosphate in water is the cause of the occurrence of the problem of eutrophication in freshwater represented by the deterioration of the aquatic ecosystem. Various water treatment processes allow the removal of phosphate (biological and physico-chemical). The global objective of this thesis is the study of the physico-chemical mechanisms associated with phosphate removal from water using iron byproducts synthesized from the oxidation of micrometric zero valent iron and the development of corresponding process. Zero valent iron was chosen for its availability, low cost, and the absence of toxicity under the conditions applied. In order to subsequently propose an operational processing system, firstly a series of batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of iron filings and its by-products synthesized for the elimination of phosphate. The influence of experimental conditions (aging or pre-conditioning phase, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, sulfates, organic matter, initial pH, ionic strength, stirring rate) was studied. In parallel physico-chemical characterizations of the solid were conducted in order to determine the nature and characteristics of synthesized byproducts. Secondly, continuous reactor studies were conducted in an increasingly complex approach in order to understand the behavior and performance of the columns packed with sand/ZVI. The synthesized byproducts flaked into the solution (under controlled conditions of oxygen and aging time 40h, 6g) showed a lower capacity trapping for phosphate removal (2.3 to 3.8 mgP/gFe) compared to phosphate removal capacity of the entire system Fe0/by-products, whose capacity can reach 35 mgP/gFe. The oxidation phase prior to the contact with phosphate (aging time) has a remarkable influence on the efficiency of iron filings. Beyond the preconditioning phase of 24 hours, as aging time increases, the efficiency of the byproducts decreases, which is explained by the increases of the crystallinity of the by-products over time, as being less reactive than amorphous forms. However, the pre-conditioning time between 2h and 24 hours improves clearly the retention of phosphate by ZVI as this phase allows the synthesis of an active oxide layer. Direct contact between the iron fillings and phosphate, taking into account their role in the passivation, leads to a limitation of the corrosion by forming a compact passive layer at the surface of ZVI. The oxide layer at the surface of ZVI and the byproducts flaked off to the solution are formed by a mixture of lepidocrocite, maghemtite and/or magnetite and traces of goethite. The phosphate removal on the surface of the byproducts is based on a specific adsorption by forming an inner sphere complex. The reactivity in the columns showed a strong dependence on the presence and the concentration of oxygen; the decrease in phosphate retention along the column, evolves over time from heterogeneous towards a homogeneous trapping of P with a maximum capacity of 152 mgP/gFe in the applied process conditions ([P] = 20mg / L, [NaCl] = 0.01 M, T = 22 ° C, v = 0.12M / h). The solid support analysis also confirmed the results related to the distribution of phosphate along the reactors, and showed that phosphate are predominantly associated with amorphous iron fractions.The overall results confirm the interest of using iron filings for the treatment of phosphate in water
Foissac, Corinne. "Diagnostics spectroscopiques des plasmas froids dans l'azote et le mélange azote-hydrogène en écoulement : étude de faisabilité d'un procédé de nitruration d'un verre de phosphate." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-362.pdf.
Full textLa validite des temperatures rotationnelles et translationnelles a rendre compte de la temperature du gaz est discutee. Par ailleurs, une methode originale de determination de ce parametre, basee sur la mesure de la temperature d'une lame plongee dans le plasma, est elaboree. La cinetique des especes (n 2(a 3 + u) et n( 4s 0) dans l'ionisation secondaire est discutee. L'invariance de la densite atomique dans cette zone temoigne d'une cinetique controlee par les lois des gaz parfaits et de transport. En revanche, il est etabli une production locale de l'espece n 2(a 3 + u) dans la post-decharge. Les implications de ces resultats sont discutees. Dans la partie b, la faisabilite de la nitruration du verre de metaphosphate de sodium assistee par plasmas est demontree. Un diagnostic spectroscopique de ces milieux, axe principalement sur la determination de la temperature du gaz, est realise. Une source plasma originale, utilisant une cavite helicoidale, est employee et caracterisee. Les analyses par spectroscopie de photoelectrons induits par rayons x et infrarouge permettent d'estimer l'efficacite des differents traitements plasmas
Albinet, Virginie. "Rôle de la sphingosine 1-phosphate dans les interactions mélanome-stroma." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2006/.
Full textMetastatic melanoma remains an aggressive malignancy conferring a very poor prognosis, and conventional therapies have not demonstrated an overall survival benefit. While significant progress in the understanding of the biology and genetics of melanoma has been made, few effective treatments are currently available. Increasing evidence supports the notion that the adjacent microenvironment plays a key role in the progression of these tumors. Malignant cells actively interact with stroma in a bidirectional manner through molecular signals that modulate tumor phenotype. This thesis aimed at defining the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in melanoma-stroma interactions. The "inside-out" signaling of S1P allowing an action on both tumor and stroma cells makes this bioactive sphingolipid metabolite of particular interest for targeted therapy of advanced melanoma. Expression analysis of S1P-metabolizing enzymes on human melanoma cell lines showed a dysregulation in favor of S1P accumulation in malignant cells as compared to normal melanocytes. This observation was confirmed in situ in tumor tissues obtained from patients with melanoma. Neither the proliferation nor migration of cultured melanoma cells were affected by changes of S1P-metabolizing enzymes expression but were modulated by exogen S1P. Thereby, secretion of S1P by dermal fibroblasts impacted on melanoma cells migration in co-culture. Moreover, incubation of those fibroblasts with conditioned medium from melanoma cells induced the expression of myofibroblastic differentiation markers and sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) by fibroblasts. In vivo tumorigenesis experiments showed that local tumor growth and metastases were enhanced more efficiently by co-injection of wild-type skin fibroblasts than by fibroblasts from Sphk1-/- mice. Finally, reduced S1P levels in the plasma of Sphk1-/- mice prevented melanoma growth and dissemination while metastases were potentiated in Sphk2-/- mice displaying high plasmatic S1P levels. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the implication of S1P in the interactions between melanoma and its microenvironment, pointing out the relevance of targeting this bioactive sphingolipid in therapy
Mainguet, Bernard. "Caractérisation, par la technique du mélange a deux ondes, de l'effet photoréfractif dans le phosphure d'indium dopé au fer." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2011.
Full textKhelfaoui, Naima. "Auto-focalisation infrarouge dans le Phosphure d'Indium dopé fer." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00108762.
Full textDans une première partie une caractérisation de nos échantillons
InP:Fe par la technique du mélange à deux ondes a été envisagée,
afin de définir l'intensité de résonance nécessaire d'après la
bibliographie pour l'expérience d'auto-focalisation. Dans une seconde partie, un banc expérimental spécialement conçu et réalisé pour notre étude, nous a permis d'observer le phénomène d'auto-focalisation stationnaire à des temps inférieurs à la milliseconde.
Nous avons mené en parallèle une étude théorique sur la base du modèle classique des équations de transport, en prenant en compte la nature semi-conductrice du phosphure d'indium. Des approximations usuelles nous ont permis de relier le comportement des semi-conducteurs à celui des isolants dopés, ou un seul type de porteur est pris en compte. Des simulations numériques nécessitant moins d'approximations sont venues conforter ces résultats. Nous avons ainsi expliqué avec succès les observations expérimentales, tout en remettant partiellement en cause la théorie existante sur le sujet.
Bats, Marie-lise. "Bases cellulaires et moléculaires du rôle de la Sphingosine 1-phosphate dans la progression et la résistance du mélanome cutané." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30034.
Full textMetastatic melanoma is considered to be one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant human cancer. Despite advances in the understanding of tumor biology and genetics of melanoma, until recently systemic therapy was ineffective against this invasive cancer. Many evidences support the notion that the adjacent microenvironment plays a key role in the progression of this tumor. Defining the molecular signals that control the bidirectional dialogue between malignant cells and the surrounding stroma is crucial for efficient targeted therapy. The first part of our work aimed at defining the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid that promotes tumor cell migration and survival, in melanoma-stroma interactions. Transcriptomic analysis of human melanoma cell lines showed an increased expression of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1), the enzyme that produces S1P, as compared to normal melanocytes. Such an increase was also observed by immunohistochemistry in melanoma specimens as compared to nevi, and occurred downstream of ERK activation due to BRAF or NRAS mutations. Importantly, migration of melanoma cells was not affected by changes in SK1 in tumor cells but was stimulated by comparable modifications of S1P-metabolizing enzymes in co-cultured dermal fibroblasts. Reciprocally, incubation of fibroblasts with the conditioned medium from SK1-expressing melanoma cells resulted in their differentiation to myofibroblasts, increased production of matrix metalloproteinases, and enhanced SK1 expression and activity. In vivo tumorigenesis experiments showed that the lack of S1P in the microenvironment prevented the development of orthotopically injected melanoma cells. Finally, local tumor growth and dissemination were enhanced more efficiently by co-injection of wild-type skin fibroblasts than by fibroblasts from Sphk1-/- mice. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that SK1/S1P can modulate the communication between melanoma cells and dermal fibroblasts, pointing out the relevance of SK1 as a potential therapeutic target in melanoma progression. Moreover, we previously reported that S1P Lyase expression, the enzyme responsible for irreversible degradation of S1P, was down-regulated in human skin melanoma cells as compared to normal melanocytes. The second part of our work aimed at defining the effect of S1P Lyase on the response of melanoma cells to antitumor therapies. Here we showed that disruption of S1P Lyase by siRNA enhanced resistance of A375 melanoma cells to Dacarbazine (DTIC), the common chemotherapy used to treat advanced melanoma. In contrast, we reported increased apoptosis in melanoma cells expressing S1P Lyase, as a consequence of increased expression of pro-apoptotic and decreased anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. Moreover, S1P Lyase-induced cell death was enhanced in tumor cells treated by the Bcl-2 antagonist ABT-737 suggesting that S1P Lyase could act as a new regulator of Bcl-2-mediated cell survival in melanoma. Interestingly, S1P Lyase overexpression was also associated with an increased expression of p53 as a consequence of the downregulation of its key regulator Mdm4. Furthermore, A375 cells overexpressing S1P Lyase exhibited a decreased expression of Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), one of the master regulators of melanogenesis and melanoma progression, also known to up-regulate Bcl-2 transcription. Finally, S1P Lyase promoted PTEN activation by decreasing its phosphorylation. By controlling the expression of key proteins in the regulation of apoptotic pathways, SPL could be a new target to improve the efficacy of anti-melanoma therapies
Mrad, Marguerite. "Etude des altérations du métabolisme de la sphingosine-1-phosphate dans le mélanome cutané : rôle sur l'infiltration et la polarisation des macrophages associés aux tumeurs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30215/document.
Full textMelanoma infiltration by macrophages (TAM) is often correlated with poor prognosis. However, the mechanisms that regulate the recruitment and function of these cells remain poorly understood. Recent studies have shown a major role of tumor sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), the enzyme that produces sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in tumor stroma remodeling. The aim of this project was to investigate the role of tumor SK1 on the inflammatory microenvironment, particularly macrophages, during the development of melanoma. In vitro, we showed that the inhibition of SK1 in melanoma cells: 1) blocks macrophage migration. Conversely, overexpression of this kinase in tumor cells stimulates the migration of inflammatory cells. This effect is dependent on S1P binding to its receptors (S1PR) on the macrophage surface; 2) reduces the secretion of TGF-ß and 3) stimulates macrophage differentiation towards an antitumor M1 phenotype. The latter phenomenon does not depend on S1P nor S1PRs, but on the secretion of TGF-ß by tumor cells. Indeed, macrophage differentiation can be reversed by adding recombinant TGF-ß in the tumor cell-conditioned medium. In vivo, our results showed that orthotopic injection, i.e. intradermal, of murine melanoma cells invalidated for SK1 in C57BL / 6 syngenic mice was associated with a reduction in tumor growth compared to mice having received control melanoma cells. Furthermore, the invalidation of tumor SK1 leads to a significant increase in the expression of anti-tumor cytokines and a Th1 polarization within the tumor. This phenomenon is accompanied by a reduction in the percentage of CD206+MHCIIlow M2 macrophages, and conversely, an increase in the percentage of M1 macrophages CD206-MHCIIhigh as well as CD4+ and CD8+ cells infiltrated into the tumor. These results suggest a key role of tumor SK1 in the recruitment of macrophages and their polarization in melanoma. Thus, the axis SK1 / TGF-ß could be a promising therapeutic target in controlling the growth of this tumor
Driss, Chaieb Sonia. "Nutrition parentérale du prématuré : étude de la compatibilité et stabilité phosphocalcique dans les mélanges binaires et ternaires." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P607.
Full textBackground: Calcium-phosphate precipitation represents one of the major risks of destabilization of paediatric parenteral nutrition admixtures requiring high Ca concentrations. Method: The calcium-phosphate solubility in binary and in all-in-one admixtures and the effect of additives on two intravenous lipid emulsions (Clinoleic® and Ivelip®) used either alone or in admixture have been evaluated on six formulas with different compositions. Results: Precipitations have not been visually detected nor quantified by particle size analysis using laser diffraction on binary admixtures even for samples containing high organic Ca-P. However, precipitation of Ca-P was immediately observed with inorganic P (K2HPO4). Interaction between organic Ca-P has been revealed by optical microscopy and by Ca determination using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Investigations of lipid-nutrient admixtures showed a significant decrease of the pH with Primene® (pH~5. 5) and a visual instability when mixing with sterile water alone. Zeta potential determination allowed estimating the integrity of the interfacial film. It is possible that amino acids and glucose offer a protection to the lipid emulsion from its physicochemical degradation due to divalent cations. Conclusion: Our data indicated that the use of organic P in paediatric parenteral nutrition admixtures greatly improves solubility but the risk of Ca-P precipitation exist and appropriate measures should be developed for standardization of the preparation, conservation and administration of these solutions, with the necessity of using filters during infusion
Garandeau, David. "Rôle du métabolisme de la sphingosine 1-phosphate dans la résistance thérapeutique des cellules de mélanome aux inhibiteurs de BRAF." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30134.
Full textThe treatment of metastatic melanoma has changed considerably in recent years with the development of targeted therapies, which have shown a significant benefit in overall survival. In particular, the inhibition of the frequently mutated serine-threonine kinase BRAF, by Vemurafenib (PLX4032) showed that survival rates increase by 6 to 8 months compared to standard chemotherapy, Dacarbazine. However, a very small proportion of patients will respond to the long term, and the majority of patients relapses in a median of 6 months. Cellular mechanisms have been identified in the appearance of this acquired resistance, including the involvement of MITF, a major transcription factor of melanocytes, as well as changes in the expression of several members of Bcl-2 family. However, a better understanding of these mechanisms seems essential, as is the use of new therapeutic strategies to optimize treatment efficacy and duration of clinical benefit. Our group recently showed some alterations of ceramide metabolism and its derivative sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in human melanoma cells compared to healthy melanocytes. For instance, S1P lyase (SPL), which degrades S1P, is under-expressed. Conversely, sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), which produces S1P, is over-expressed in tumor cells, as a direct result of BRAF mutation. These alterations increases the levels of S1P. This lysophospholipid promotes cell survival and the resistance to therapeutic agents in a variety of tumor cells. This PhD project aimed at defining whether S1P metabolism could modulate the resistance of human melanoma cells to PLX4032. Here, we show that SPL overexpression or pharmacological inhibition of SK1 by SKI-I sensitizes metastatic melanoma cells to PLX4032-induced apoptosis. This phenomenon is associated with a decreased expression of the master regulator of melanocyte differentiation MITF as well as its direct cellular target Bcl-2. The decrease in MITF protein can be reversed by treating cells with exogenous S1P. Interestingly, we also report for the first time an increased expression of SK1 as well as the S1P receptors, S1PR1 and S1PR3, in melanoma cells with acquired resistance to PLX4032 as compared to sensitive counterparts. These modifications are associated with high expression of MITF. Overexpression of SPL, treatment with SKI-I or antagonists of S1PR1 ans S1PR3, strongly overcomes acquired resistance to PLX4032 through a decrease in the expression of S1PR, MITF as well as Bcl-2. Thus, by controlling the expression of key proteins in melanoma cell survival and resistance, S1P metabolism could represent a new therapeutic approach to enhance the effectiveness of targeted therapies