Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mélange de phosphate'
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Donnet, Louis. "Extraction du molybdène par le mélange TBP-Dodécane en milieu nitrique : application au raffinage de l'uranium." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0274.
Full textSleiman, Nathalie. "Mécanismes d’élimination du phosphore dans un réacteur garni d’un mélange de limaille de fer et de sable." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0019.
Full textThe excessive presence of phosphate in water is the cause of the occurrence of the problem of eutrophication in freshwater represented by the deterioration of the aquatic ecosystem. Various water treatment processes allow the removal of phosphate (biological and physico-chemical). The global objective of this thesis is the study of the physico-chemical mechanisms associated with phosphate removal from water using iron byproducts synthesized from the oxidation of micrometric zero valent iron and the development of corresponding process. Zero valent iron was chosen for its availability, low cost, and the absence of toxicity under the conditions applied. In order to subsequently propose an operational processing system, firstly a series of batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of iron filings and its by-products synthesized for the elimination of phosphate. The influence of experimental conditions (aging or pre-conditioning phase, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, sulfates, organic matter, initial pH, ionic strength, stirring rate) was studied. In parallel physico-chemical characterizations of the solid were conducted in order to determine the nature and characteristics of synthesized byproducts. Secondly, continuous reactor studies were conducted in an increasingly complex approach in order to understand the behavior and performance of the columns packed with sand/ZVI. The synthesized byproducts flaked into the solution (under controlled conditions of oxygen and aging time 40h, 6g) showed a lower capacity trapping for phosphate removal (2.3 to 3.8 mgP/gFe) compared to phosphate removal capacity of the entire system Fe0/by-products, whose capacity can reach 35 mgP/gFe. The oxidation phase prior to the contact with phosphate (aging time) has a remarkable influence on the efficiency of iron filings. Beyond the preconditioning phase of 24 hours, as aging time increases, the efficiency of the byproducts decreases, which is explained by the increases of the crystallinity of the by-products over time, as being less reactive than amorphous forms. However, the pre-conditioning time between 2h and 24 hours improves clearly the retention of phosphate by ZVI as this phase allows the synthesis of an active oxide layer. Direct contact between the iron fillings and phosphate, taking into account their role in the passivation, leads to a limitation of the corrosion by forming a compact passive layer at the surface of ZVI. The oxide layer at the surface of ZVI and the byproducts flaked off to the solution are formed by a mixture of lepidocrocite, maghemtite and/or magnetite and traces of goethite. The phosphate removal on the surface of the byproducts is based on a specific adsorption by forming an inner sphere complex. The reactivity in the columns showed a strong dependence on the presence and the concentration of oxygen; the decrease in phosphate retention along the column, evolves over time from heterogeneous towards a homogeneous trapping of P with a maximum capacity of 152 mgP/gFe in the applied process conditions ([P] = 20mg / L, [NaCl] = 0.01 M, T = 22 ° C, v = 0.12M / h). The solid support analysis also confirmed the results related to the distribution of phosphate along the reactors, and showed that phosphate are predominantly associated with amorphous iron fractions.The overall results confirm the interest of using iron filings for the treatment of phosphate in water
Foissac, Corinne. "Diagnostics spectroscopiques des plasmas froids dans l'azote et le mélange azote-hydrogène en écoulement : étude de faisabilité d'un procédé de nitruration d'un verre de phosphate." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-362.pdf.
Full textLa validite des temperatures rotationnelles et translationnelles a rendre compte de la temperature du gaz est discutee. Par ailleurs, une methode originale de determination de ce parametre, basee sur la mesure de la temperature d'une lame plongee dans le plasma, est elaboree. La cinetique des especes (n 2(a 3 + u) et n( 4s 0) dans l'ionisation secondaire est discutee. L'invariance de la densite atomique dans cette zone temoigne d'une cinetique controlee par les lois des gaz parfaits et de transport. En revanche, il est etabli une production locale de l'espece n 2(a 3 + u) dans la post-decharge. Les implications de ces resultats sont discutees. Dans la partie b, la faisabilite de la nitruration du verre de metaphosphate de sodium assistee par plasmas est demontree. Un diagnostic spectroscopique de ces milieux, axe principalement sur la determination de la temperature du gaz, est realise. Une source plasma originale, utilisant une cavite helicoidale, est employee et caracterisee. Les analyses par spectroscopie de photoelectrons induits par rayons x et infrarouge permettent d'estimer l'efficacite des differents traitements plasmas
Albinet, Virginie. "Rôle de la sphingosine 1-phosphate dans les interactions mélanome-stroma." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2006/.
Full textMetastatic melanoma remains an aggressive malignancy conferring a very poor prognosis, and conventional therapies have not demonstrated an overall survival benefit. While significant progress in the understanding of the biology and genetics of melanoma has been made, few effective treatments are currently available. Increasing evidence supports the notion that the adjacent microenvironment plays a key role in the progression of these tumors. Malignant cells actively interact with stroma in a bidirectional manner through molecular signals that modulate tumor phenotype. This thesis aimed at defining the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in melanoma-stroma interactions. The "inside-out" signaling of S1P allowing an action on both tumor and stroma cells makes this bioactive sphingolipid metabolite of particular interest for targeted therapy of advanced melanoma. Expression analysis of S1P-metabolizing enzymes on human melanoma cell lines showed a dysregulation in favor of S1P accumulation in malignant cells as compared to normal melanocytes. This observation was confirmed in situ in tumor tissues obtained from patients with melanoma. Neither the proliferation nor migration of cultured melanoma cells were affected by changes of S1P-metabolizing enzymes expression but were modulated by exogen S1P. Thereby, secretion of S1P by dermal fibroblasts impacted on melanoma cells migration in co-culture. Moreover, incubation of those fibroblasts with conditioned medium from melanoma cells induced the expression of myofibroblastic differentiation markers and sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) by fibroblasts. In vivo tumorigenesis experiments showed that local tumor growth and metastases were enhanced more efficiently by co-injection of wild-type skin fibroblasts than by fibroblasts from Sphk1-/- mice. Finally, reduced S1P levels in the plasma of Sphk1-/- mice prevented melanoma growth and dissemination while metastases were potentiated in Sphk2-/- mice displaying high plasmatic S1P levels. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the implication of S1P in the interactions between melanoma and its microenvironment, pointing out the relevance of targeting this bioactive sphingolipid in therapy
Mainguet, Bernard. "Caractérisation, par la technique du mélange a deux ondes, de l'effet photoréfractif dans le phosphure d'indium dopé au fer." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2011.
Full textKhelfaoui, Naima. "Auto-focalisation infrarouge dans le Phosphure d'Indium dopé fer." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00108762.
Full textDans une première partie une caractérisation de nos échantillons
InP:Fe par la technique du mélange à deux ondes a été envisagée,
afin de définir l'intensité de résonance nécessaire d'après la
bibliographie pour l'expérience d'auto-focalisation. Dans une seconde partie, un banc expérimental spécialement conçu et réalisé pour notre étude, nous a permis d'observer le phénomène d'auto-focalisation stationnaire à des temps inférieurs à la milliseconde.
Nous avons mené en parallèle une étude théorique sur la base du modèle classique des équations de transport, en prenant en compte la nature semi-conductrice du phosphure d'indium. Des approximations usuelles nous ont permis de relier le comportement des semi-conducteurs à celui des isolants dopés, ou un seul type de porteur est pris en compte. Des simulations numériques nécessitant moins d'approximations sont venues conforter ces résultats. Nous avons ainsi expliqué avec succès les observations expérimentales, tout en remettant partiellement en cause la théorie existante sur le sujet.
Bats, Marie-lise. "Bases cellulaires et moléculaires du rôle de la Sphingosine 1-phosphate dans la progression et la résistance du mélanome cutané." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30034.
Full textMetastatic melanoma is considered to be one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant human cancer. Despite advances in the understanding of tumor biology and genetics of melanoma, until recently systemic therapy was ineffective against this invasive cancer. Many evidences support the notion that the adjacent microenvironment plays a key role in the progression of this tumor. Defining the molecular signals that control the bidirectional dialogue between malignant cells and the surrounding stroma is crucial for efficient targeted therapy. The first part of our work aimed at defining the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid that promotes tumor cell migration and survival, in melanoma-stroma interactions. Transcriptomic analysis of human melanoma cell lines showed an increased expression of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1), the enzyme that produces S1P, as compared to normal melanocytes. Such an increase was also observed by immunohistochemistry in melanoma specimens as compared to nevi, and occurred downstream of ERK activation due to BRAF or NRAS mutations. Importantly, migration of melanoma cells was not affected by changes in SK1 in tumor cells but was stimulated by comparable modifications of S1P-metabolizing enzymes in co-cultured dermal fibroblasts. Reciprocally, incubation of fibroblasts with the conditioned medium from SK1-expressing melanoma cells resulted in their differentiation to myofibroblasts, increased production of matrix metalloproteinases, and enhanced SK1 expression and activity. In vivo tumorigenesis experiments showed that the lack of S1P in the microenvironment prevented the development of orthotopically injected melanoma cells. Finally, local tumor growth and dissemination were enhanced more efficiently by co-injection of wild-type skin fibroblasts than by fibroblasts from Sphk1-/- mice. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that SK1/S1P can modulate the communication between melanoma cells and dermal fibroblasts, pointing out the relevance of SK1 as a potential therapeutic target in melanoma progression. Moreover, we previously reported that S1P Lyase expression, the enzyme responsible for irreversible degradation of S1P, was down-regulated in human skin melanoma cells as compared to normal melanocytes. The second part of our work aimed at defining the effect of S1P Lyase on the response of melanoma cells to antitumor therapies. Here we showed that disruption of S1P Lyase by siRNA enhanced resistance of A375 melanoma cells to Dacarbazine (DTIC), the common chemotherapy used to treat advanced melanoma. In contrast, we reported increased apoptosis in melanoma cells expressing S1P Lyase, as a consequence of increased expression of pro-apoptotic and decreased anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. Moreover, S1P Lyase-induced cell death was enhanced in tumor cells treated by the Bcl-2 antagonist ABT-737 suggesting that S1P Lyase could act as a new regulator of Bcl-2-mediated cell survival in melanoma. Interestingly, S1P Lyase overexpression was also associated with an increased expression of p53 as a consequence of the downregulation of its key regulator Mdm4. Furthermore, A375 cells overexpressing S1P Lyase exhibited a decreased expression of Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), one of the master regulators of melanogenesis and melanoma progression, also known to up-regulate Bcl-2 transcription. Finally, S1P Lyase promoted PTEN activation by decreasing its phosphorylation. By controlling the expression of key proteins in the regulation of apoptotic pathways, SPL could be a new target to improve the efficacy of anti-melanoma therapies
Mrad, Marguerite. "Etude des altérations du métabolisme de la sphingosine-1-phosphate dans le mélanome cutané : rôle sur l'infiltration et la polarisation des macrophages associés aux tumeurs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30215/document.
Full textMelanoma infiltration by macrophages (TAM) is often correlated with poor prognosis. However, the mechanisms that regulate the recruitment and function of these cells remain poorly understood. Recent studies have shown a major role of tumor sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), the enzyme that produces sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in tumor stroma remodeling. The aim of this project was to investigate the role of tumor SK1 on the inflammatory microenvironment, particularly macrophages, during the development of melanoma. In vitro, we showed that the inhibition of SK1 in melanoma cells: 1) blocks macrophage migration. Conversely, overexpression of this kinase in tumor cells stimulates the migration of inflammatory cells. This effect is dependent on S1P binding to its receptors (S1PR) on the macrophage surface; 2) reduces the secretion of TGF-ß and 3) stimulates macrophage differentiation towards an antitumor M1 phenotype. The latter phenomenon does not depend on S1P nor S1PRs, but on the secretion of TGF-ß by tumor cells. Indeed, macrophage differentiation can be reversed by adding recombinant TGF-ß in the tumor cell-conditioned medium. In vivo, our results showed that orthotopic injection, i.e. intradermal, of murine melanoma cells invalidated for SK1 in C57BL / 6 syngenic mice was associated with a reduction in tumor growth compared to mice having received control melanoma cells. Furthermore, the invalidation of tumor SK1 leads to a significant increase in the expression of anti-tumor cytokines and a Th1 polarization within the tumor. This phenomenon is accompanied by a reduction in the percentage of CD206+MHCIIlow M2 macrophages, and conversely, an increase in the percentage of M1 macrophages CD206-MHCIIhigh as well as CD4+ and CD8+ cells infiltrated into the tumor. These results suggest a key role of tumor SK1 in the recruitment of macrophages and their polarization in melanoma. Thus, the axis SK1 / TGF-ß could be a promising therapeutic target in controlling the growth of this tumor
Driss, Chaieb Sonia. "Nutrition parentérale du prématuré : étude de la compatibilité et stabilité phosphocalcique dans les mélanges binaires et ternaires." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P607.
Full textBackground: Calcium-phosphate precipitation represents one of the major risks of destabilization of paediatric parenteral nutrition admixtures requiring high Ca concentrations. Method: The calcium-phosphate solubility in binary and in all-in-one admixtures and the effect of additives on two intravenous lipid emulsions (Clinoleic® and Ivelip®) used either alone or in admixture have been evaluated on six formulas with different compositions. Results: Precipitations have not been visually detected nor quantified by particle size analysis using laser diffraction on binary admixtures even for samples containing high organic Ca-P. However, precipitation of Ca-P was immediately observed with inorganic P (K2HPO4). Interaction between organic Ca-P has been revealed by optical microscopy and by Ca determination using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Investigations of lipid-nutrient admixtures showed a significant decrease of the pH with Primene® (pH~5. 5) and a visual instability when mixing with sterile water alone. Zeta potential determination allowed estimating the integrity of the interfacial film. It is possible that amino acids and glucose offer a protection to the lipid emulsion from its physicochemical degradation due to divalent cations. Conclusion: Our data indicated that the use of organic P in paediatric parenteral nutrition admixtures greatly improves solubility but the risk of Ca-P precipitation exist and appropriate measures should be developed for standardization of the preparation, conservation and administration of these solutions, with the necessity of using filters during infusion
Garandeau, David. "Rôle du métabolisme de la sphingosine 1-phosphate dans la résistance thérapeutique des cellules de mélanome aux inhibiteurs de BRAF." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30134.
Full textThe treatment of metastatic melanoma has changed considerably in recent years with the development of targeted therapies, which have shown a significant benefit in overall survival. In particular, the inhibition of the frequently mutated serine-threonine kinase BRAF, by Vemurafenib (PLX4032) showed that survival rates increase by 6 to 8 months compared to standard chemotherapy, Dacarbazine. However, a very small proportion of patients will respond to the long term, and the majority of patients relapses in a median of 6 months. Cellular mechanisms have been identified in the appearance of this acquired resistance, including the involvement of MITF, a major transcription factor of melanocytes, as well as changes in the expression of several members of Bcl-2 family. However, a better understanding of these mechanisms seems essential, as is the use of new therapeutic strategies to optimize treatment efficacy and duration of clinical benefit. Our group recently showed some alterations of ceramide metabolism and its derivative sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in human melanoma cells compared to healthy melanocytes. For instance, S1P lyase (SPL), which degrades S1P, is under-expressed. Conversely, sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), which produces S1P, is over-expressed in tumor cells, as a direct result of BRAF mutation. These alterations increases the levels of S1P. This lysophospholipid promotes cell survival and the resistance to therapeutic agents in a variety of tumor cells. This PhD project aimed at defining whether S1P metabolism could modulate the resistance of human melanoma cells to PLX4032. Here, we show that SPL overexpression or pharmacological inhibition of SK1 by SKI-I sensitizes metastatic melanoma cells to PLX4032-induced apoptosis. This phenomenon is associated with a decreased expression of the master regulator of melanocyte differentiation MITF as well as its direct cellular target Bcl-2. The decrease in MITF protein can be reversed by treating cells with exogenous S1P. Interestingly, we also report for the first time an increased expression of SK1 as well as the S1P receptors, S1PR1 and S1PR3, in melanoma cells with acquired resistance to PLX4032 as compared to sensitive counterparts. These modifications are associated with high expression of MITF. Overexpression of SPL, treatment with SKI-I or antagonists of S1PR1 ans S1PR3, strongly overcomes acquired resistance to PLX4032 through a decrease in the expression of S1PR, MITF as well as Bcl-2. Thus, by controlling the expression of key proteins in melanoma cell survival and resistance, S1P metabolism could represent a new therapeutic approach to enhance the effectiveness of targeted therapies
Maacha-Chahed, Selma. "Rôle de la phosphatase PTP4A3 dans la dissémination des cellules de mélanome uvéal." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112203.
Full textUveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults and is an aggressive tumor since about 50% of patients will develop metastases mostly in the liver. In order to identify metastasis prognostic genes, we compared 28 uveal melanoma tumors from patients who developed metastases within three years after enucleation to 29 tumors from patients who did not develop metastases or who developed metastases after 36 months. The PTP4A3/PRL-3 gene (protein tyrosine phosphatase type IV member of Regenerating Liver 3/Protein-3) was identified as a strong predictor of metastasis occurence. PTP4A3 encodes a dual specificity phosphatase and its expression in UM cells increases their in vitro migration and in vivo invasiveness. Proteolytic events at the cell surface are essential for cell migration and invasiveness during many physiological and pathological processes such as tumor metastasis. MMPs are responsible for the degradation and turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the first part of this thesis, We found that the membrane anchored MT1-MMP is enriched at the cell surface of OCM-1, xenograft MP41 or primary human uveal melanoma tumors expressing PTP4A3. We also found that membrane accumulation of MT1-MMP in presence of PTP4A3 in OCM-1 cells is accompanied by enhanced secretion of MMP2 in the extracellular medium. Moreover, we demonstrated that PTP4A3 and MT1-MMP physically associate and that the vesicular trafficking of MT1-MMP is accelerated in presence of active PTP4A3 but not in presence of the mutant PTP4A3(C104S). Furthermore, we found that inhibition of MT1-MMP expression in PTP4A3 expressing uveal melanoma cells impairs their migration in vitro and invasiveness in vivo. Collectively, our results indicate that PTP4A3 acts upstream of MT1-MMP through acceleration of its vesicular trafficking and accumulation at the cell surface to enhance cell migration and invasiveness of uveal melanoma cells. In the second part of this thesis, we investigated the role of PTP4A3 during embryonic development. Melanocytes, including uveal melanocytes, are derived from the neural crest during embryonic development. We therefore suggested that PTP4A3 function in uveal melanoma metastasis may be related to an embryonic role during neural crest cell migration. We show that PTP4A3 plays a role in cephalic neural crest development in Xenopus laevis. PTP4A3 loss of function resulted in a reduction of neural crest territory, whilst gain of function experiments increased neural crest territory. Isochronic graft experiments demonstrated that PTP4A3-depleted neural crest explants are unable to migrate in host embryos. Pharmacological inhibition of PTP4A3 on dissected neural crest cells significantly reduced their migration velocity in vitro. Our results demonstrate that PTP4A3 is required for cephalic neural crest migration in vivo during embryonic development.Therefore, the pro-invasive and migratory effects related to the expression of PTP4A3 protein may reflect its role during neural crest migration. Thus, understanding the mechanism of action of PTP4A3 during NC migration may provide insight into PTP4A3 related migratory and invasive phenotypes in human uveal melanoma pathology
Podevin, Florence. "Composants Schottky à hétérostructures de semiconducteurs en technologie InP pour le mélange de fréquences à 560 GHz." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-139-140.pdf.
Full textNoujarède, Justine. "Rôle du métabolisme du céramide dans la progression du mélanome : étude des effets de la sphingosine 1-phosphate sur l'adhésion des cellules tumorales aux kératinocytes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30138.
Full textCutaneous melanoma constitutes a major problem of public health due to its increasing incidence and high risk of metastasis. The prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma remains highly uncertain. It is essential to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms sustaining tumor progression, before the dissemination, to identify patients with high risk to develop metastatic disease and to improve their therapy. Melanoma develops in epidermis, which is mainly constituted of keratinocytes. During tumor progression, melanoma cells lose their adhesion to keratinocytes and invade the dermis where they can reach the vascular network. The molecular mechanisms leading to these alterations are not completely known. Numerous dysregulations of ceramide metabolism including an increased production of the oncometabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been observed at early stages of melanomagenesis. S1P activates signalling pathways leading to melanoma cell proliferation but also to their resistance to targeted therapies. S1P can also be secreted by tumor cells and act on the microenvironment via the S1P receptors (S1PRs). The aim of this thesis was to determine the capacity of the S1P/S1PR pathway to regulate adhesion of melanoma cells to keratinocytes and promote the invasiveness of tumor cells. Our results showed that tumor S1P: i) reduces the adhesion of primary melanoma cells to keratinocytes and stimulates their migration in a 3D model of reconstructed skin; ii) does not affect the expression of cadherins in tumor cells but reduces the expression of E-cadherin in epidermal keratinocytes via the receptors S1P2-3; iii) stimulates the expression of the E- cadherin transcriptional repressors Slug and Snail and activates the matrix metalloprotease MMP-9 in keratinocytes. Finally, our data also show that all of these effects can be blocked by S1P2 and S1P3 antagonists. In the future, targeting the S1P/S1PRs axis could be considered for the treatment of tumors in patients with primary melanoma
Foy, Malika. "Rôle de la phosphatase PRL-3/PTP4A3 dans le processus métastatique du mélanome uvéal." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS243.
Full textUveal Melanoma (UM) is a rare tumor that affects around 500 French people each year. Despite a successful treatment of the primary tumor, 50% of patients develop metastasis primarily to the liver in the years following diagnosis. Currently, systemic adjuvant therapy has been unsuccessful for effective treatment. As such, identifying genes involved in both prognosis and metastasis is important for a better understanding of this disease and in turn for designing better treatment strategies. Our group previously identified that overexpression of the gene encoding PRL-3/PTP4A3, a protein tyrosine phosphatase, is highly correlated with metastatic tumor progression and predicts poor prognosis in patients with UM. It is also known that PRL3 is implicated in the metastatic process of various cancers. Overexpression of PRL-3, but not the inactive mutant of PRL3 (C104S), in an ocular melanoma cell line significantly increased cell migration in vitro and invasion in vivo, suggesting a direct role of PRL3 in the metastatic process in UM. We also showed that FTI-277, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor that prevents PRL-3 anchorage to the plasma membrane, abolishes PRL-3-induced UM cell migration on collagen I, suggesting that PRL-3 anchorage is important for cell migration. The aim of my thesis was to identify intracellular, and in particular, membrane substrates that could play a role in UM metastasis. My results show that PRL3 overexpression in UM cells prevents both the spreading of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the formation of large focal adhesions structures (FA) involving integrin β1 (Itg b1).These biological effects are PRL-3-activity and anchorage dependent. We show that PRL-3 interacts with and dephosphorylates Itg b1 on cytoplasmic threonine 788 and 789, residues that are known to be involved in cell adhesion. Our results identify PRL-3 as a new regulator of cell adhesion structures to the ECM via the regulation of Itg b1 and most likely the focal adhesion kinase (FAK). In FA, we observed that PRL-3 specifically regulates the aggregation of Itg b1 but does not affect integrin β3, so we suppose that this regulation could be specific to certain integrins. In UM cells, the PRL-3-induced cell migration could also be explained by membrane accumulation of the metalloprotease MT1-MMP/MMP14 in the presence of PRL3. This transmembrane proteinase is responsible for ECM degradation and can be found in FA. Moreover, we demonstrated that the vesicular trafficking of MT1-MMP is accelerated in the presence of active PRL-3 but not in presence of the inactive mutant of PRL-3 (C104S). During the last year of my thesis, another aspect of my PhD project was to study the biological effect of pentamidine, an antiparasitic which is known to inhibit the phosphatase activity of PRLs in vitro. In vivo, we show that pentamidine treatment induces a decrease of tumor growth in a UM patient-derived xerograph model. Overall, the results of my thesis suggest that PRL-3 plays an important role in UM metastasis
Abdelghani-Idrissi, Moulay Ahmed. "Caractérisation des substrats photoréfractifs InP Fe : étude de la réponse temporelle et réalisation d'un banc automatique." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES008.
Full textSahun, Maxime. "Développement d'un capteur à base de polymère à empreintes moléculaires pour la quantification de la sphingosine 1-phosphate libre et circulante comme biomarqueur du mélanome cutané." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30242/document.
Full textMelanoma is the most aggressive and severe form of cutaneous cancer due to its high metastatic potential. However, to date, no marker for the early detection of melanoma has been unanimously accepted. Our group has demonstrated that ceramide metabolism is strongly altered in melanoma, leading to the overproduction of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), one of its derivatives. S1P is secreted by melanoma cells and has been identified as a critical molecule of tumor microenvironment remodeling that supports cancer progression. Physiologically, circulating S1P is predominantly linked to high density lipoproteins (HDLs), low and very low density lipoproteins (LDLs and VLDLs), as well as albumin. Melanoma cells produce unbound S1P that could be responsible for the effects induced by this lysophospholipid on the tumor microenvironment, as a result of its binding to S1PR receptors present on the surface of stromal cells. Thus, secreted tumor S1P could represent a new biomarker for the early detection of melanoma. However, there are currently no means to quantify it. The goal of this interdisciplinary work was to develop a new sensor based on a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) in order to quantify unbound S1P present in the blood of melanoma patients. This study has been conducted between the "Engineering for Life science Applications (EliA)" group at the Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems (LAAS) and the "Sphingolipids, metabolism, cell death and tumor progression" group at the Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), in strong collaboration with the team "Biomimetism and Bioinspired Structures" of the University of Technology of Compiègne (UTC). First, we synthesized a new MIP against S1P employing a bulk thermopolymerization approach. The resulting MIP was characterized and optimized by performing both mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. It was compared to a Non Imprinted Polymer (NIP) and exposed to S1P analogues to assess its selectivity. Second, in order to use the MIP as the sensitive layer of a future sensor and prepare its immobilization and structuration onto a transducer, we synthesized a new surface photopolymerizable MIP. This MIP was first structured by photolithography onto silicon substrates and validated by fluorescence microscopy measurements. The MIP was also structured as a thin layer onto Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) chips in order to validate its binding capacities using this label-free method. Finally, the use of a MIP-coated optical fiber as an infrared sensor was explored, with the aim of detecting S1P in blood using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy
Duciel, Laura. "Rôle de la phosphatase PRL-3 et de CRMP2 dans la migration et l'invasion du mélanome uvéal." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS233/document.
Full textUveal melanoma (UM) is a rare tumor (500 to 600 new cases by year in France) but this is the most common intraocular cancer in adult. This tumor is due to melanocytes transformation derived from neural crest and localized in uvea (choroid, ciliary body and iris). Despite the primary tumor treatment, up to 50% of patients will develop metastases mostly localized in liver within the years following diagnosis. The median survival rate of metastasis formation is only six months. Indeed, there are currently no effective treatments against metastasis. Therefore, a better comprehension of UM metastatic process and identification of the genes involved are major issues for the development of new therapies. A transcriptomic analysis done in our laboratory allows to identify the phosphatase PRL-3 whose overexpression is correlated with metastatic development and patients poor prognosis. Besides being a bad prognosis marker, functional studies showed that UM cells expressing PRL-3 migrate faster and are more invasive than cells expressing the catalytic dead mutant of the phosphatase. The role of PRL-3 in tumorigenesis and metastatic development is well described, and numerous studies investigate his mechanism of action and his intracellular substrates. Interestingly, some of the identified PRL-3’s targets are cytoskeletal proteins. In order to identify new PRL-3’s targets in UM, we realized a phosphoproteomic analysis that allows us to identify CRMP2. CRMP2 is a cytoskeletal protein that has been mostly described in the nervous system. CRMP2 plays a role in axonal guidance, neuritis extension, microtubules dynamics and vesicular trafficking. During my PhD, I confirmed that in UM cells, PRL-3 expression modify the phosphorylation state of CRMP2 in particular on T514 and S522 residues. Moreover, CRMP2 and PRL-3 interact together and CRMP2 is less phosphorylated on the T514 following the interaction, which suggests that CRMP2 is a target of PRL-3. Furthermore, we showed that CRMP2 KO by shRNA increases UM cells velocity and invasion in cells expressing PRL-3. So CRMP2 is a brake to the migration and invasion process in UM cells. These observations are correlated with a reorganization of actin cytoskeleton with a reduction of stress fibers. The study of the microrheological properties of UM cells showed that PRL-3 expression and/or CRMP2 KO increases the viscosity, elasticity and stiffness of the cytoplasm. CRMP2 KO changes these properties only when PRL-3 is not functional which suggests that concerning the micro-rheology, CRMP2 KO is equivalent the its dephosphorylation by PRL-3. Finally, in UM tumors, CRMP2 expression are correlated with good survival prognosis. My PhD also gave me the opportunity to participate to the creation of a map about interactions and signaling pathways involving PRL-3 in cancers as part of the NaviCell project. This map was integrated in ASCN database
Junker, Michel. "Etude et optimisation des propriétés optiques et morphologiques d'un luminophore du type La1-x-yCexTbyPO4." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843196.
Full textHanine, Hafida. "Récupération de l'acide aconitique dans l'industrie de la canne à sucre par précipitation et extraction liquide-liquide." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT022G.
Full textJamet, Sophie. "Effet photoréfractif dans l'InP:Fe : étude comparative en fonction de la température à plusieurs longueurs d'onde." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES002.
Full textDupray, Valérie. "Etude détaillée de l'effet photoréfractif dans le phosphure d'indium dopé au fer : application a la commutation optique." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES013.
Full textBaret, Guy. "Étude thermodynamique et expérimentale de mélanges d'oxydes à basse température de fluage pour l'électronique." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0003.
Full textSormani, Laura. "Identification d’un nouveau gène dans la pigmentation cutanée - CLEC12B." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR6037.
Full textMelanogenesis is a complex and tightly regulated process. A transcriptome analysis in lesional and non-lesional skin of vitligo patients compared to healthy controls allowed us to identify a new gene CLEC12B, which is only expressed in controls and in non lesional skin of vitiligo patients. The decreased expression of CLEC12B in lesional skin of vitiligo patients is comparable to the one observed for key melanocytic genes such as TYR, TYRP1 or DCT suggesting that CLEC12B could be an important melanocytic gene. CLEC12B is a member of the C-type lectin family, which are transmembrane receptors that possess an ITIM domain which can recruit phosphatases. So far, only few data are available on this gene that is essentially reported in myeloid cells. Ligand and downstream signaling of CLEC12B are unknown and to date, no link has been reported between CLEC12B and pigmentation. We demonstrated that CLEC12B is selectively expressed in melanocytes, and that its expression is decreased in highly pigmented skin compared to white skin. Silencing of CLEC12B in normal human melanocytes (NHM) by short hairpin RNA induced a significant increase in melanin production. On the contrary, CLEC12B overexpression using lentiviral vector resulted in significant loss of pigmentation in NHM. These results were confirmed using a reconstructed human epidermis model. Using a mutant of the ITIM domain of CLEC12B, we showed that CLEC12B directly recruits and activate SHP2, leading to the negative regulation of CREB, MITF and melanogenesis enzymes such as tyrosinase and DCT accordingly to the pigmentary phenotypes observed. These results provide novel insights not only for the development of melanogenic agents in the clinical and cosmetic fields, but also for a better understanding of the melanocyte biology and regulation of melanogenesis
Salehi, Fariba. "Neurotoxicity and neurobehavioral effects of manganese phosphate/sulfate mixture in male sprague-dawley rats following subchronic inhalation exposure." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17755.
Full textHébert, Mathieu. "Étude de nouveaux mélanges électrolytiques à base d'ylures de phosphore ou de phosphines avec leurs sels de phosphonium pour application en pile solaire." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3189/1/M9793.pdf.
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